Final Report
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Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MEPP) Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report October, 2012 NIHON SUIKO SEKKEI Co., Ltd. 7R CR(3) 12-028 Currency Exchange Rates in this Report are as shown below; 1 EUR = 98.54 JPY 1 EUR = 61.50 MKD (Average Rate in September, 2012) Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report in Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Main Report SURVEY AREA Macedonia and Neighboring Countries in the Balkan Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Peninsula Macedonia and Albania facing at Ohrid Lake Ohrid Lake Sub-basin NIHON SUIKO SEKKEI Co., Ltd. i Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report in Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Main Report Extended Basin of Black Drim River flowing into the Ohrid-Struga Sewerage System Serving for Ohrid and Adriatic Sea Struga cities Schematic Diagram showing the River basin to Natural Circulation of Nutrients within the Lake with connect with various activities inflow and outflow of water NIHON SUIKO SEKKEI Co., Ltd. ii Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report in Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Main Report Sewerage Network in Struga City Sewerage Network in Ohrid City Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at Vranista Pump Station of Struga III (Oxidation Ditch Process) NIHON SUIKO SEKKEI Co., Ltd. iii Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report in Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Main Report Table of Contents Survey Area ............................................................................................................................................................ i Contents of Main Report ...................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... viii Measurements ....................................................................................................................................................... x Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................................................... xi Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... S-1 Main Report Chapter 1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives of this Survey .................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.3 Survey Area ....................................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.1 Urban Area of Ohrid City .......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.2 Urban Area of Struga City ........................................................................................................ 1-5 1.3.3 Other Communes in Ohrid City ................................................................................................ 1-6 1.3.4 Other Communes in Struga City ............................................................................................... 1-8 1.4 Scope of the Survey .........................................................................................................................1-11 1.4.1 Sewerage, Sanitation and Drainage..........................................................................................1-11 1.4.2 Other Related Sectors.............................................................................................................. 1-12 Chapter 2 Existing Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Natural Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Water Environment ................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.3 Meteorology .............................................................................................................................. 2-8 2.2 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................................................. 2-10 2.2.1 Population ............................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.2.2 Regional Economy .................................................................................................................. 2-15 2.2.3 Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 2-15 2.3 Sewerage and Sanitation Management ........................................................................................... 2-16 2.3.1 General Conditions ................................................................................................................. 2-16 2.3.2 Sewerage Facilities ................................................................................................................. 2-16 2.3.3 On-Site Treatment Facilities ................................................................................................... 2-40 2.4 Conducted Site Survey .................................................................................................................... 2-40 2.4.1 Purpose of the Survey ............................................................................................................. 2-40 2.4.2 Objectives of the Survey ......................................................................................................... 2-40 2.4.3 Contents of the Survey ............................................................................................................ 2-41 2.4.4 Procedures for the Survey ....................................................................................................... 2-41 2.4.5 Survey Results ........................................................................................................................ 2-49 2.5 Pollutant Load to Ohrid Lake .......................................................................................................... 2-66 2.5.1 Population ............................................................................................................................... 2-66 2.5.2 Unit Load ................................................................................................................................ 2-76 2.5.3 Estimation of Load .................................................................................................................. 2-77 Chapter 3 Laws and Regulations ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 EU Directives .................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Sewerage and Sanitation Management ............................................................................................. 3-1 Chapter 4 Institutional and Financial Aspects ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Institutions......................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Government of Macedonia ........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 PROAQUA ............................................................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.3 Niskogradba - Ohrid.................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2 Financial Management ...................................................................................................................... 4-5 NIHON SUIKO SEKKEI Co., Ltd. iv Data Collection Survey for Ohrid Lake Environmental Improvement Final Report in Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia Main Report Chapter 5 Approaches for Ohrid Lake Improvement .................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 General .............................................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Problems