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The market for automobiles enhanced with IoT "When Henry Ford made cheap, reliable cars is staggering. A 2013 forecast by GSMA, a global people said, 'Nah, what's wrong with a horse?' association of wireless carriers, found every car That was a huge bet he made, and it worked." will have some type of connection by 2025. The ~ Elon Musk, inventor, entrepreneur and CEO market for technology to connect cars and the of Tesla Motors Internet was an estimated $18 billion in 2012 and is expected to increase three times that number in the next four years. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY “Not only that, but this remarkable technology Since Henry Ford helped automate their can seamlessly sync a wireless smartphone or manufacture, cars have become central to our tablet to a vehicle’s audio and display system lives. This makes the automobile a central hub for communication with pedestrians, other for not only transportation, but as a vehicles and even road infrastructure,” communications center: The ideal ecosystem according to Rajiv Kapur of Broadcom India. for the Internet of Things (IoT). In 2014, the Application Developers Alliance The connected vehicle is truly a microcosm of and its Emerging Technology Working Group IoT. Not only can a networked car, truck or bus began identifying five areas influenced by IoT so include internal sensors that determine such that developers have insight into creating a things as speed, location and temperature of robust IoT ecosystem. This whitepaper serves as the vehicle, but it also may interact with an exploration of IoT by looking at its current surrounding roads, buildings and other vehicles state in automotive; best practices for creating to provide up-to-the-minute information to apps; and new opportunities to explore. Other improve safety and avoid traffic. investigations will cover Home, Retail, Manufacturing and Wearables. “Consumer expectations have really been changed by the prevalence of smartphones and INTRODUCTION tablets. People want uninterrupted connectivity In 1982, television audiences were introduced and intelligent personalization, and this and entertained by the Knight Industries Two experience is now moving into a new medium - Thousand -- or K.I.T.T. -- a heavily modified the car”, says Alec Saunders, Vice President of Pontiac Firebird Trans Am that interacted via Cloud at QNX Software Systems. Increasingly, voice and other ways with its driver and connected cars (and particularly luxury cars) are designer Michael Knight (played by David taking advantage of the rise of smartphones, Hasselhoff). and apps are available to interact with a car's various systems. Users can unlock their cars, The famous talking car is often used as an check the status of their batteries, find where example of how advanced automobiles can be they parked, or remotely activate the climate when it comes to connecting the driver with control system. Additionally, the transportation different systems and advanced networking sector is expected to see many benefits from capabilities. Knowing that his car was connected automation and control using IoT and to a greater network, Michael would typically associated technologies including opportunities instruct K.I.T.T. to keep his "scanners peeled" to reduce distracted driving. and assess the danger. Internet of Things: Automotive as a Microcosm of IoT | 1 In the show, K.I.T.T.'s capabilities included many Group of the Freie Universität in Berlin; to sensors and networked services. There was a Junior, a modified Volkswagen Passat designed comlink and a homing device as well as other by Stanford University students are all sensor abilities. K.I.T.T. could "smell" via an examples. atmospheric sampling device mounted in his front bumper, for example. K.I.T.T. could detect "A car that drives itself is 90% software and people and vehicles and track their movements 10% hardware," says Liz Kerton, the Executive and discern proximity. K.I.T.T. could gather Director of the Autotech Council, a Silicon structural schematics of buildings, vehicles, or Valley group that aims to connect auto other devices and help Michael avoid potential companies with entrepreneurs, venture danger when he was snooping. K.I.T.T. could capitalists and suppliers. "It is totally also monitor radio transmissions and telephone connected to everything around it. It is communications within a location and trace connected from vehicle to vehicle… from those calls. Flash forward to 2014 and K.I.T.T's vehicle to infrastructure… and from vehicle novelties are mostly realities. The connected to cloud. We're about 70% software now, cars of today enable an average of 60 different so you could say there are many opportunities sensors and electronic control units (ECU) to still out there." determine yaw, speed and dynamic traction control, among other things. While Silicon Valley hosts the majority of the projects, Kerton says half of the organizations As John Ellis, Global Technologist at Ford Motor are not from California at all. Israel, Germany Company and Head of the Ford Developer and the Nordic countries are all coming up with Program explains it, the concept of connected new ideas for connecting cars to the Internet cars is quickly surpassing K.I.T.T.- like without requiring a driver to be overly involved. capabilities and each new app and sensor design is expected to improve those capabilities Unlike most IoT strategies, the cycle for making year after year. cars is much longer than for nearly any other deployment of IoT around, according to "What we're talking about is a network of Stephanie Boyle, the Innovation Lead at AT&T devices and sensors that interact with each Foundry, an innovation center in Silicon Valley. other and leverage the richness and the resource of the service," Ellis said. "These A car design from concept to show floor takes devices are connected and identify themselves about 3 years. That's extremely difficult for as saying, 'Hi, I'm now a part of this network electronics manufacturers who can speed new and here's what I can do.' As developers, we designs to market every year. Software know already how to do what we can to build developers have even shorter turnaround times these systems. The challenge is to adopt that with products taking just a few months or even into the automobile context." weeks to ship. So why are driverless automobiles the ultimate WHO'S BEHIND expression of IoT for developers and providers? THE WHEEL? "I hate driving, so the idea of a car that Perhaps the ultimate expression of an IoT navigates by itself automatically during my automobile is the notion of the driverless car. commute would be the best contribution that Vehicles ranging from Google's Self Driving Car; IoT technologies could provide," Boyle says. to AutoNOMOS from the Artificial Intelligence "Without having to worry about keeping their Internet of Things: Automotive as a Microcosm of IoT | 2 eyes on the road all the time, people could get 5. New and emerging initiatives (W3C some of their time back in their day." Automotive and Web Platform Business The transformation has already happened Group and OpenXC) in certain makes and models. Several luxury carmakers have already installed "The biggest news in the connected car world is vehicle-to-vehicle awareness sensors GM's announcement of its intention to rely as well as smart devices. solely on apps made available through Apple’s CarPlay and Google’s Android Auto. For sure The Audi Connect system, found in the latest this will give motoring consumers an interface A-series models, serves as a sensor system built they like. There is still choice but for developers around 4G LTE connectivity, GPS location and the environment is manageable, a win-win all other vehicle sensors. The carmaker's ambitions round." -- John G O'Brien, Practice Lead, to best equip drivers with information also Logistics at DataArt and former IT Executive at include touchscreen dashboard, voice Ford Motor Company commands and gesture controls. The SDKs and APIs typically run into a few Additionally, smart cars should be equipped categories: back end, onboard user interface, with virtual personal assistants like Apple's onboard infrastructure and the world outside Siri or Microsoft's Cortana to help reduce the car. driver distractions. Backend systems are the easiest entry point for developers to engage with IoT. Developers can HOW WILL IoT WORK utilize well-traveled web services based on public, private and enterprise clouds to monitor FOR A CONNECTED and analyze IoT data from vehicles. VEHICLE? The next layer of developer engagement covers There are five ways to develop apps for operations and the user interface. This layer vehicles, as explained by Peter Rogers, a includes management software bundled with Principal Architect for Mobility at Cognizant: policy enforcement and deep packet inspection. The process would be similar to the processes 1. Run apps in the in-vehicle entertainment required for command and controls of Internet- systems (Blackberry QNX CAR, Windows enabled video and voice. This is also the layer Embedded Automotive, Automotive Grade where the vehicle's entertainment systems Linux and Android) synchronize content with smartphones or 2. Use a link to a smartphone (Airbiquity, cloud-based delivery systems such as Pandora OpenCar, CloudCar, SmartDeviceLink / or GM's Intellink. AppLink, MirrorLink, Apple CarPlay, Google Open Automotive Alliance and Windows in Entertainment seems to be the hottest IoT the Car) development space, Rogers said because that's 3. Remote access to the vehicle through an where more software and hardware companies API (OnStar, General Motors API, Ford are intersecting. For example, automobiles with Remote API, Airbiquity, reverse engineering IoT technology could be streaming music and of vehicle protocols) commercials based on location and then offer 4. Access to data through the On Board the driver the opportunity to purchase said Diagnostics port called OBD-II (Dash Labs, music using only voice commands.