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Composición, Estado De Conservación Y Propuestas De Manejo

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Composición, Estado De Conservación Y Propuestas De Manejo FAUNA DEL IBERÁ Composición, estado de conservación y propuestas de manejo Marzo de 2004 Coordinador General Tomás Waller Editor Aníbal Parera Equipo de trabajo Alejandro Giraudo (especies de valor especial de conservación y bases de datos) Gustavo Aprile (restauración de fauna) Andrés Bortoluzzi (bases de datos) Marcela Uhart (consultor sobre restauración de fauna) Gustavo Solís (consultor sobre restauración de fauna) Martín Méndez (consultor sobre genética) Tomás Waller Aníbal Parera Se agradece la colaboración de: Francisco Erize, Daniel Ligier, Ditmar Kurtz, Flavio Moschione, Ricardo Banchs, Alfredo Balcarce, Rosendo Fraga, Mariano Codesido, Juan Carlos Chebez, Aníbal Andrés Parera, Javier Pereira y Bernardo Lartigau Preparado por la Para el Proyecto GEF/PNUD ARG02/G35: Manejo y Conservación de la Biodiversidad en los Humedales de los Esteros del Iberá Asociación Civil Ecos Corrientes - PNUD y Gobierno de la Provincia de Corrientes RESUMEN EJECUTIVO En el marco del Proyecto GEF/PNUD ARG02/G35 “Manejo y Conservación de la Biodiversidad en los Humedales de los Esteros del Iberá”, y en el contexto del proceso orientado al desarrollo y ejecución de un Plan de Manejo para dicha unidad de conservación, se realizó un diagnóstico de la fauna de vertebrados tetrápodos (no peces) del Iberá, revisándose su composición y estado de conservación. Asimismo se definieron criterios para la selección de especies destacadas, que permitan a los tomadores de decisiones ordenar sus prioridades y obtener indicadores de éxito para medidas de conservación que pudieran instrumentarse en el futuro. Dichas especies destacadas fueron consideradas por su valor de conservación (EVEC), su significado socio-económico para la comunidad local (EVSE), y otros aspectos relevantes en el marco de una estrategia de conservación: especies exóticas introducidas y especies extintas del área en cuestión. Los números de especies que componen el elenco faunístico actual del Iberá, las especies extintas y aquellas que se proponen como especies destacadas se resumen a continuación. Número de Porcentaje especies Elenco faunístico actual Anfibios 40 8 Reptiles 59 12 Aves 343 69 Mamíferos 57 11,5 Total 499 Especies destacadas EVEC 64 12,8 EVSE 26 5,2 Especies extintas 5 Especies exóticas 11 A partir de este diagnóstico se ofrecen recomendaciones para un manejo orientado a la conservación y el uso sustentable en varios niveles (desde el específico hasta el regional), estableciéndose prioridades y mecanismos concretos para la acción. CONTENIDOS 1. Fauna del Iberá: el camino de su conservación ________________________________________ 5 2. Composición de la fauna de vertebrados del Iberá ______________________________________ 9 3. Aspectos notables del Iberá en cuanto a su fauna de vertebrados _________________________ 24 \ El Iberá posee la mayor población del ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus) de la Argentina 25 \ El Iberá alberga grandes concentraciones de carpinchos (Hydrochaeris hidrochoerus) _______________ 25 \ El Iberá aloja importantes concentraciones de curiyúes y yacarés (géneros Eunectes y Caiman)_______ 25 \ El Iberá alberga altas densidades de lobito de río (Lontra longicaudis) ____________________________ 26 \ Uno de los 4 últimos relictos del venado de las pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) se aloja parcialmente en el Iberá _________________________________________________________________ 26 \ En el Iberá se reúnen varias especies de aves amenazadas del pastizal ____________________________ 26 \ Un conjunto de grandes mamíferos fueron extirpados del Iberá en tiempos recientes por causas que en el futuro podrían controlarse______________________________________________________________ 27 \ El Iberá constituye una gran reserva de peces de agua dulce ____________________________________ 27 4. Identificación de sitios especiales del Iberá en cuanto a su fauna de vertebrados_____________ 27 \ Lomada de la estancia San Alonso __________________________________________________________ 27 \ Estancia San Juan Poriahú y alrededores ____________________________________________________ 27 \ Zona de la estancia Puerto Valle____________________________________________________________ 28 \ Zona de Galarza y malezales vecinos ________________________________________________________ 28 \ Laguna Iberá y alrededores _______________________________________________________________ 28 \ Ingresión de montes del Espinal por el lateral Sudeste del Iberá _________________________________ 29 \ Nacientes del río Corriente ________________________________________________________________ 29 5. Identificación de sitios de alto impacto de actividades productivas y obras de infraestructura ___ 29 \ Lomada de Concepción-Chavarría _________________________________________________________ 29 \ Zona de la estancia Puerto Valle____________________________________________________________ 29 \ Albardones arenosos del nordeste del Iberá __________________________________________________ 30 \ Puntos de actividad furtiva más frecuente____________________________________________________ 30 \ Áreas de drenaje artificial desde o hacia el Iberá ______________________________________________ 30 \ Estancia Asunción _______________________________________________________________________ 31 6. Identificación de especies destacadas del Iberá ________________________________________ 31 6.1. Especies de valor especial de conservación (EVEC)______________________________________________ 32 6.2. Especies de valor socio-económico (EVSE) _____________________________________________________ 33 6.3. Especies exóticas (EXO) ____________________________________________________________________ 35 7. Biogeografía del Iberá y prioridades de conservación___________________________________ 38 8. Consideraciones sobre la evolución del estado de conservación de la fauna de vertebrados del Iberá _______________________________________________________________ 41 8.1. Especies cuyas poblaciones en el Iberá no han sido mayormente afectadas por la acción del hombre en los últimos tiempos _______________________________________________________________ 41 8.2. Especies cuyas poblaciones en el Iberá fueron afectadas pero que se recuperaron notablemente ________ 42 8.3. Especies cuyas poblaciones en el Iberá fueron afectadas y que aún no se recuperan convenientemente ___ 43 8.4. Especies que desaparecieron del Iberá y no tienen posibilidad de retorno espontáneo _________________ 44 9. Recuperación de especies asistida por la incorporación de ejemplares al medio silvestre: consideraciones generales _____________________________________________________________ 44 \ Reintroducción de especies _________________________________________________________________________ 45 \ Introducción de especies ___________________________________________________________________________ 45 \ Fortalecimiento o reconstitución de poblaciones _________________________________________________________ 46 9.1 Consideraciones sobre los riesgos asociados a la incorporación de ejemplares en el medio silvestre ______ 47 \ Riesgos sanitarios: ________________________________________________________________________________ 47 \ Riesgos genéticos : ________________________________________________________________________________ 48 \ Riesgos eto-ecológicos: ____________________________________________________________________________ 49 9.2. Consideraciones sobre manipulación y movimientos de anfibios y reptiles del Iberá __________________ 49 9.3. Consideraciones generales sobre manipulación y movimientos de aves y mamíferos del Iberá __________ 49 10. Estudios de caso y recomendaciones sobre manipulación y movimientos de fauna____________ 50 10.1. Especies extintas de la región cuya reintroducción es potencialmente viable ________________________ 51 10.2. Especies no extintas del Iberá potencialmente objeto de aporte o movimientos de ejemplares__________ 66 10.3. Otras especies amenazadas y no amenazadas susceptibles de aporte o movimientos de ejemplares _____ 72 11. Hacia un Iberá completo: reconstruyendo el ecosistema perdido__________________________ 73 \ Lomadas de Cerro Pythá ___________________________________________________________________________ 73 \ Chacras de lomadas del Oeste _______________________________________________________________________ 74 \ Viejas arroceras periféricas _________________________________________________________________________ 74 \ Yatyzales de Concepción-Chavarría __________________________________________________________________ 74 \ Yatay-poñizales de borde de estero en la Estancia Puerto Valle _____________________________________________ 74 \ Isletas de bosques degradados o inundados _____________________________________________________________ 75 12. Bibliografía de referencia ___________________________________________ 76 ANEXOS ANEXO 1: Lista de peces del Iberá. ANEXO 2. Criterios para la selección de Especies de Valor Especial de Conservación. ANEXO 3. Fichas de especies destacadas del Iberá. ANEXO 4: Base de datos de registros de Especies de Valor Especial de Conservación. ANEXO 5: Plan de acción para la conservación del venado de las pampas en Corrientes. ANEXO 6. Lineamientos para las reintroducciones de la IUCN. ANEXO 7. Consideraciones genéticas en el movimiento de fauna silvestre. ANEXO 8. Inventario de bibliografía sobre los vertebrados tetrápodos del Iberá. Fauna del Iberá: diagnóstico, conservación y propuestas de manejo Página 4 1. Fauna del Iberá: el camino de su conservación El complejo de humedales
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