FFN#30 FOR TEPHRITID FRUIT FLY WORKERS February 2015

References on Tephritidae form November 2014 to January 2015 including abstracts Compiled by Pablo Liedo ______Record 1 of 61 By: Moussa, Z (Moussa, Zinette); Yammouni, D (Yammouni, Dany) Title: First record of Capparimyia savastani (Martelli, 1911) in Lebanon (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Pages: 93-94 DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2014.994310 Published: JAN 2 2015 Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0939-7140 Accession Number: WOS:000346850900015

Record 2 of 61 By: Rojnic, ID (Rojnic, Ivana Dminic); Bazok, R (Bazok, Renata); Barcic, JI (Barcic, Jasminka Igrc) Title: Reduction of olive fruit fly damage by early harvesting and impact on oil quality parameters Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Volume: 117 Issue: 1 Pages: 103-111 Published: JAN 2015 Abstract: Olive fly population was monitored weekly on two olive cultivars (Bua and Istarska bjelica), from June until mid October, in Rovinj and Livade (Istria, Croatia). The number of eggs, larvae, and pupae was established and the total and active infestation was calculated. The fruit infestations for early and for late harvesting were obtained based on the calculated regression equation. For the prediction of the changes in the oil quality parameters linear regression slopes, obtained by Koprivnjak et al., were used. We established a strong positive correlation between DD accumulation and cumulative capture of flies, as well as with the total and active fruit infestations. According to obtained results it can be stated that I. bjelica is less sensitive to decrease in total phenols amount, to increase in free fatty acids mass ratio and to increase in peroxide values comparing to Bua. Moreover, the differences in investigated parameters between earlier and late harvesting dates in I. bjelica are lower due to lower infestation predicted for both harvesting dates and due to lower sensitivity to the changes in quality parameters. Therefore, early harvesting date as a model for preventing fruit damage and as a model for preventing negative change in oil quality parameters is a valid tool. However, the effectiveness of this model could also depend on the characteristics of olive cultivar. Practical applications: Understanding the factors that affect the olive fly attack is the basis of scientific and practical interest in the production of olives and olive oil. Research of monitoring methods allows reliable forecasting and determining protection measures. Knowledge about this topic could contribute to the reduction of insecticides use and to the improvement of quality and food safety concept in olive oil production. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1438-7697 Accession Number: CCC:000347234100013

Record 3 of 61 By: Progar, RA (Progar, R. A.); Kruse, JJ (Kruse, J. J.); Lundquist, JE (Lundquist, J. E.); Zogas, KP (Zogas, K. P.); Rinella, MJ (Rinella, M. J.) Title: An entomopathogenic fungus and nematode prove ineffective for biocontrol of an invasive leaf miner Profenusa thomsoni in Alaska Source: BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Volume: 25 Issue: 4 Pages: 373-382 DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2014.977224 Published: 2015 Abstract: A non-native invasive sawfly, the amber-marked birch leaf miner Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), was first detected in south-central Alaska in 1996 and is now widely distributed throughout urban and wild birch trees in Alaska. Impacts have been considered primarily aesthetic because leaf miners cause leaves of birch trees (Betula spp.) to senesce prematurely, but the leaf miners likely also reduce birch vigour and thereby increase susceptibility to diseases and other insects. We tested the ability of commercially available biological control agents to control P. thomsoni. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuillemin GHA strain and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) were applied in aqueous suspension to the soil/litter surface beneath infested birch trees in Alaska at one site in 2007 and 2008 and two sites in 2010. There was no evidence the fungus or nematode controlled P. thomsoni. Instead, there was evidence the fungus increased the density of this pest insect at two sites, likely by reducing its predators. As tested, B. bassiana and S. carpocapsae do not appear effective as biological controls of P. thomsoni. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0958-3157 Accession Number: WOS:000346646500002

Record 4 of 61 By: De Oliveira, FQ (De Oliveira, Flavia Queiroz); Boica, AL (Boica Junior, Arlindo Leal); Costa, MDZ (Zamboni Costa, Maria de Lourdes); Batista, JD (Batista, Jacinto de Luna); Costa, KZ (Costa, Karen Zamboni); Walder, JMM (Melges Walder, Julio Marcos) Title: Infestation of guava by Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae): preferred ripening stages and influence of fruit peel coloration Source: TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-9 DOI: 10.3906/tar-1312-20 Published: 2015 Abstract: The current study aimed to verify the preferred guava fruit ripening stage for egg laying by Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to determine the influence of peel coloration of the fruits of 2 cultivars on infestation. The cultivars used were Paluma and Seculo XXI. The infestation level was evaluated in cages, considering 2 conditions: multiple-choice and nonchoice tests. The infestation levels of A. fraterculus differed between the green and the green-ripe stages in the multiple-choice test. In Paluma fruits with the nonchoice test, the infestation was highest during the ripe stage. There were no differences in infestation levels of A. fraterculus between the green and the green-ripe stages in Seculo XXI. In general, the green-ripe and the ripe stages were preferred for egg laying by A. fraterculus. In Paluma fruits there were significant correlations of infestation levels of A. fraterculus with luminosity (L) and chromaticity (C) in the nonchoice assay. In Seculo XXI fruits there was a significant correlation of infestation levels of A. fraterculus with color angle (h) in the nonchoice assay. No correlation was found between theses parameters in the multiple-choice test. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1300-011X Accession Number: WOS:000346850400001

Record 5 of 61 By: Kepenekci, I (Kepenekci, Ilker); Hazir, S (Hazir, Selcuk); Ozdem, A (Ozdem, Ayse) Title: Evaluation of native entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the European cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi L. ( Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae in soil Source: TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 74-79 DOI: 10.3906/tar-1403-96 Published: 2015 Abstract: Turkey is the world's largest producer of sweet cherries. The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of sweet cherry crops in Europe and Turkey. The detection of only one larva in the fruit by the processor can result in the rejection of the entire crop of that orchard and/or farm as "wormy" and unmarketable. The main control tactic for R. cerasi is to prevent the females from laying eggs in the fruit. Currently, only a few insecticides are being used, and their application is debatable due to problems with residual ecotoxicity for humans and beneficial organisms. As an alternative to using insecticides for the reduction of adult populations, 4 indigenous entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae (Anamur isolate), S. feltiae (Rize isolate), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Ekecik isolate), and H. marelatus (Ankara isolate), were bioassayed against last-instar R. cerasi larvae at different temperatures (10, 15, and 25 degrees C) and nematode concentrations (0, 100, 500, and 1000 IJs/larva). Temperature and nematode concentration had a significant effect on the efficacy of nematode species. S. feltiae was the most virulent species at all temperatures and nematode concentrations. Only S. feltiae showed higher than 40% mortality at low temperatures (10 and 15 degrees C). At 25 degrees C, S. feltiae caused 95% mortality, followed by H. marelatus (82%) and H. bacteriophora (76%), at 1000 IJs/larva concentration. Our results indicate that R. cerasi larvae are highly susceptible to entomopathogenic nematode infection. In particular, S. feltiae has high potential for reducing last-instar larval populations, thus decreasing the adult population in the spring. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1300-011X Accession Number: WOS:000346850400009

Record 6 of 61 By: Akutse, KS (Akutse, K. S.); Van den Berg, J (Van den Berg, J.); Maniania, NK (Maniania, N. K.); Fiaboe, KKM (Fiaboe, K. K. M.); Ekesi, S (Ekesi, S.) Title: Interactions between Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diglyphus isaea Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Source: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Volume: 80 Pages: 8-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.09.008 Published: JAN 2015 Abstract: Liriomyza leafminer flies represent a serious threat to horticultural production in East Africa. Total field parasitism rates recorded in Kenya are below 5%, with the indigenous ectoparasitoid Diglyphus isaea Walker being one of the key parasitoid species. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), in collaboration with the International Potato Centre (CIP), imported into Kenya the endoparasitoid Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon to improve natural control of leafminers. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between D. isaea and P. scabriventris when used together for the biological control of Liriomyza species. These interactions were studied under laboratory conditions, using treatments that involved single, simultaneous and sequential releases of the different parasitoid species onto plants infested by L. huidobrensis larvae. While used separately, parasitism rates of D. isaea and P. scabriventris were 30.4 +/- 10.9% and 63.6 +/- 7.7% respectively. However, when used simultaneously, the total parasitism rate increased to 77.0 +/- 5.3%. Although P. scabriventris had no effect on D. isaea, the presence of D. isaea reduced the specific parasitism rate of P. scabriventris. In addition, both parasitoids induced leafminer mortality through larval-feeding and stinging. However, feeding and stinging mortality induced by D. isaea (41.9 +/- 9.1%) was significantly higher compared to P. scabriventris (11.9 +/- 8.7). Similarly, pupal mortality due to feeding and stinging activity was 49.1 +/- 6.5% and 21.6 +/- 1.9% when exposed to D. isaea and P. scabriventris respectively. The implication for simultaneous use of both parasitoids in East Africa is discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1049-9644 Accession Number: WOS:000345586700002

Record 7 of 61 By: David, KJ (David, K. J.); Hancock, DL (Hancock, D. L.); Ramani, S (Ramani, S.) Title: Two new species of Acroceratitis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) and an updated key for the species from India Source: ZOOTAXA Volume: 3895 Issue: 3 Pages: 411-418 Published: DEC 16 2014 Abstract: Two new species of genus Acroceratitis Hendel, namely A. parastriata David & Hancock, sp. nov. and A. breviscapa David, Ramani & Hancock, sp. nov., are described from India. A. histrionica (de Meijere) is recorded for the first time from India. An updated key to Indian species of Acroceratitis is also provided. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1175-5326 Accession Number: CCC:000346898600005

Record 8 of 61 By: Cheng, DF (Cheng, Daifeng); Chen, LJ (Chen, Langjie); Yi, CY (Yi, Chunyan); Liang, GW (Liang, Guangwen); Xu, YJ (Xu, Yijuan) Title: Association between changes in reproductive activity and D-glucose metabolism in the tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) Source: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Volume: 4 Article Number: 7489 DOI: 10.1038/srep07489 Published: DEC 15 2014 Abstract: Reproduction is an important life process in insects; however, few studies have attempted to demonstrate the association between reproductive activity and energy metabolism. To address this problem, we focused on the reproductive changes in Bactrocera dorsalis males. We analyzed B. dorsalis male gene expression profiles during mating (DM), 3 h after mating (A3HM) and 12 h after mating (A12HM). Gene annotation and pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes show that galactose metabolism and the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway activities were significantly higher in A12HM group. Moreover, the maltase D gene was the most strongly up-regulated gene. The D-glucose levels were significantly higher in A12HM group. Maltase D expression level was significantly higher in males reared with sucrose. Body weights of the males reared with D-glucose and sucrose were significantly higher than those of the males reared with yeast extract. We observed more mated males from the groups fed sucrose and D- glucose than from those fed yeast extract. The D-glucose levels in individual males were highest at 18: 00 h, when flies exhibit the most active mating behavior. This study shows that the maltase D gene and D-glucose are the critical gene and substrate, respectively, in male B. dorsalis mating process. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 2045-2322 Accession Number: WOS:000346333000010

Record 9 of 61 By: de Alfonso, I (de Alfonso, Ignacio); Vacas, S (Vacas, Sandra); Primo, J (Primo, Jaime) Title: Role of alpha-Copaene in the Susceptibility of Olive Fruits to Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) Source: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 62 Issue: 49 Pages: 11976-11979 DOI: 10.1021/jf504821a Published: DEC 10 2014 Abstract: The influence of a-copaene as a fruit volatile in the susceptibility of Olea europaea L. to the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) has been investigated. By studies on the relative area of volatile components from different cultivars, a positive correlation was found between the abundance of a-copaene in the samples and the corresponding degree of fruit infestation. SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatiles from uninfested fruits of O. europaea L. cv. Serrana were performed over two years to determine the variation of a- copaene throughout the different phenological stages. The results suggested that this sesquiterpene has a significant effect on cultivar susceptibility and may act as an oviposition promoter. Further analysis by chiral GC showed that olive fruits release both a-copaene enantiomers. Bioassays on each enantiomer revealed that fruits with increased amounts of (+)-alpha-copaene favor oviposition of B. oleae females, whereas the increase of (-)-alpha-copaene affords no statistically significant differences in host preference. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0021-8561 Accession Number: WOS:000346321400023 PubMed ID: 25408316

Record 10 of 61 By: Cusick, KD (Cusick, Kathleen D.); Fitzgerald, LA (Fitzgerald, Lisa A.); Pirlo, RK (Pirlo, Russell K.); Cockrell, AL (Cockrell, Allison L.); Petersen, ER (Petersen, Emily R.); Biffinger, JC (Biffinger, Justin C.) Title: Selection and Evaluation of Reference Genes for Expression Studies with Quantitative PCR in the Model Fungus Neurospora crassa under Different Environmental Conditions in Continuous Culture Source: PLOS ONE Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Article Number: e112706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112706 Published: DEC 4 2014 Abstract: Neurospora crassa has served as a model organism for studying circadian pathways and more recently has gained attention in the biofuel industry due to its enhanced capacity for cellulase production. However, in order to optimize N. crassa for biotechnological applications, metabolic pathways during growth under different environmental conditions must be addressed. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT- qPCR) is a technique that provides a high-throughput platform from which to measure the expression of a large set of genes over time. The selection of a suitable reference gene is critical for gene expression studies using relative quantification, as this strategy is based on normalization of target gene expression to a reference gene whose expression is stable under the experimental conditions. This study evaluated twelve candidate reference genes for use with N. crassa when grown in continuous culture bioreactors under different light and temperature conditions. Based on combined stability values from NormFinder and Best Keeper software packages, the following are the most appropriate reference genes under conditions of: (1) light/dark cycling: btl, asl, and vma1; (2) all-dark growth: btl, tbp, vma1, and vma2; (3) temperature flux: btl, vma1, act, and asl; (4) all conditions combined: vma1, vma2, tbp, and btl. Since N. crassa exists as different cell types (uni- or multi- nucleated), expression changes in a subset of the candidate genes was further assessed using absolute quantification. A strong negative correlation was found to exist between ratio and threshold cycle (C-T) values, demonstrating that C-T changes serve as a reliable reflection of transcript, and not gene copy number, fluctuations. The results of this study identified genes that are appropriate for use as reference genes in RT-qPCR studies with N. crassa and demonstrated that even with the presence of different cell types, relative quantification is an acceptable method for measuring gene expression changes during growth in bioreactors. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1932-6203 Accession Number: WOS:000346382500074

Record 11 of 61 By: Salvemini, M (Salvemini, Marco); Arunkumar, KP (Arunkumar, Kallare P.); Nagaraju, J (Nagaraju, Javaregowda); Sanges, R (Sanges, Remo); Petrella, V (Petrella, Valeria); Tomar, A (Tomar, Archana); Zhang, HY (Zhang, Hongyu); Zheng, WW (Zheng, Weiwei); Saccone, G (Saccone, Giuseppe) Title: De Novo Assembly and Transcriptome Analysis of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Early Embryos Source: PLOS ONE Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Article Number: e114191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114191 Published: DEC 4 2014 Abstract: The agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata, also known as the Mediterranean fruit fly or Medfly, belongs to the Tephritidae family, which includes a large number of other damaging pest species. The Medfly has been the first non-drosophilid fly species which has been genetically transformed paving the way for designing genetic-based pest control strategies. Furthermore, it is an experimentally tractable model, in which transient and transgene-mediated RNAi have been successfully used. We applied Illumina sequencing to total RNA preparations of 8-10 hours old embryos of C. capitata, This developmental window corresponds to the blastoderm cellularization stage. In summary, we assembled 42,614 transcripts which cluster in 26,319 unique transcripts of which 11,045 correspond to protein coding genes; we identified several hundreds of long ncRNAs; we found an enrichment of transcripts encoding RNA binding proteins among the highly expressed transcripts, such as CcTRA-2, known to be necessary to establish and, most likely, to maintain female sex of C. capitata. Our study is the first de novo assembly performed for Ceratitis capitata based on Illumina NGS technology during embryogenesis and it adds novel data to the previously published C. capitata EST databases. We expect that it will be useful for a variety of applications such as gene cloning and phylogenetic analyses, as well as to advance genetic research and biotechnological applications in the Medfly and other related Tephritidae. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1932-6203 Accession Number: WOS:000346382500123

Record 12 of 61 By: Wilkinson, DA (Wilkinson, David A.); Lebon, C (Lebon, Cyrille); Wood, T (Wood, Trevor); Rosser, G (Rosser, Gabriel); Gouagna, LC (Gouagna, Louis Clement) Title: Straightforward multi-object video tracking for quantification of mosquito flight activity Source: JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 71 Pages: 114-121 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Mosquito flight activity has been studied using a variety of different methodologies, and largely concentrates on female mosquito activity as vectors of disease. Video recording using standard commercially available hardware has limited accuracy for the measurement of flight activity due to the lack of depth-perception in two-dimensional images, but multi-camera observation for three dimensional trajectory reconstructions remain challenging and inaccessible to the majority of researchers. Here, in silica simulations were used to quantify the limitations of two-dimensional flight observation. We observed that, under the simulated conditions, two dimensional observation of flight was more than 90% accurate for the determination of population flight speeds and thus that two dimensional imaging can be used to provide accurate estimates of mosquito population flight speeds, and to measure flight activity over long periods of time. We optimized single camera video imaging to study male Aedes albopictus mosquitoes over a 30 h time period, and tested two different multi-object tracking algorithms for their efficiency in flight tracking. A. Albopictus males were observed to be most active at the start of the day period (06h00-08h00) with the longest period of activity in the evening (15h00-18h00) and that a single mosquito will fly more than 600 m over the course of 24 h. No activity was observed during the night period (18h00-06h00). Simplistic tracking methodologies, executable on standard computational hardware, are sufficient to produce reliable data when video imaging is optimized under laboratory conditions. As this methodology does not require overly-expensive equipment, complex calibration of equipment or extensive knowledge of computer programming, the technology should be accessible to the majority of computer-literate researchers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-1910 Accession Number: CCC:000347141100015 PubMed ID: 25450566

Record 13 of 61 By: Bai, PP (Bai, Ping-Ping); Xie, YF (Xie, Yi-Fei); Shen, GM (Shen, Guang-Mao); Wei, DD (Wei, Dan-Dan); Wang, JJ (Wang, Jin-Jun) Title: Phenoloxidase and its zymogen are required for the larval-pupal transition in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 71 Pages: 137-146 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Phenoloxidases (POs) play a key role in melanin production, are involved in invertebrate immune mechanisms, and are considered important enzymes in the insect development process. In the present study, we report the developmental stage and tissue- specific expression patterns of BdPPO1 and PO activity from Bactrocera dorsalis. The results showed that the activity of PO and its zymogen expression were closely related to the development of B. dorsalis during the larval-pupal transition, particularly in the integument. Additionally, biochemical characterization showed that PO from different developmental stages and tissues all had maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees C. After feeding a metal ion-containing artificial diet, the activity of PO and expression of BdPPO1 were significantly increased, indicating that PO was a metalloprotein and it could be activated by Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+. The functional analysis showed that the expression of BdPPO1 could be regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) after injection. Furthermore, injection of the double-stranded RNA of BdPPO1 into the 3rd instar larvae significantly reduced mRNA levels after 24 h and 48 h, and resulted in a lower pupation rate and abnormal phenotype. These results expand the understanding of the important role of PO and its zymogen in the growth of B. dorsalis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-1910 Accession Number: CCC:000347141100018 PubMed ID: 25450426

Record 14 of 61 By: Pujol-Lereis, LM (Mercedes Pujol-Lereis, Luciana); Rabossi, A (Rabossi, Alejandro); Quesada-Allue, LA (Alberto Quesada-Allue, Luis) Title: Analysis of survival, gene expression and behavior following chill-coma in the medfly Ceratitis capitata: Effects of population heterogeneity and age Source: JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 71 Pages: 156-163 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The medfly Ceratitis capitate is an agricultural pest distributed worldwide thanks, in part, to its phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance. Cold exposure has been shown to reduce C capitata survival, which may affect its distribution in areas with subfreezing temperatures. When insects are increasingly cooled, they attain a critical thermal threshold and enter a chill-coma state characterized by cessation of movement. It is not clear how a rapid cold exposure affects the physiological state of medflies, and how this is influenced by age and population heterogeneity. In order to approach these questions, C capitata single-sex laboratory populations of 15 and 30 days old were subjected to a chill-coma recovery assay, and separated according to their recovery time in three subgroups: Fast-Subgroups, Intermediate-Subgroups, and Slow-Subgroups. Thereafter, we analyzed their survival, behavioral, and gene expression outputs. In female and old male populations, we found that flies with the slowest recovery time had a reduced life expectancy, a higher initial mortality rate, and a worse climbing performance compared with flies that recovered faster. Therefore, we were able to separate subgroups that developed chilling-injury from subgroups that had a reversible full recovery after cold exposure. The gene expression analysis of the heat shock protein genes hsp70 and hsp83 showed no clear association with the parameters studied. Interestingly, thorax expression levels of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene were elevated during the recovery phase in the Fast-Subgroups, but remained constant in the Slow-Subgroups that developed chilling- injury. On the other hand, none of the young male subgroups seemed to have suffered irreversible damage. Thus, we concluded that depending on age and population heterogeneity, chill-coma recovery time points out significant differences on individual cold tolerance. Moreover, the inability to properly induce the antioxidant defense system to counteract the oxidative damage caused by cold seems to contribute to the development of chilling-injury. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-1910 Accession Number: CCC:000347141100020 PubMed ID: 25449902

Record 15 of 61 By: Lasa, R (Lasa, Rodrigo); Cruz, A (Cruz, Alejandra) Title: EFFICACY OF NEW COMMERCIAL TRAPS AND THE LURE CERATRAP (R) AGAINST ANASTREPHA OBLIQUA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) Source: FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST Volume: 97 Issue: 4 Pages: 1369-1377 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Traps, lures, and trap/lure combinations were tested against the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae). The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of possible trap/lure substitutes for the traditional McPhail glass trap baited with hydrolyzed protein, which is the trap/lure combination approved for monitoring this pest in Mexico. CeraTrap (R), an enzymatically hydrolyzed protein, caught as many or more A. obliqua flies as McPhail traps baited with the chemically hydrolyzed protein, Captor (R), or with the dry lure, Biolure. When fly densities were high, the average capture was 3 times greater for CeraTrap than for the other lures. Sex ratios were generally female-biased and similar among all lures tested. The CeraTrap lure was not replaced during the course of the experiment and good attraction and preservation of captured specimens were observed after one month of use. CeraTrap attracted more lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) than other lures. When commercial traps baited with liquid lures were evaluated under cage conditions, traps with lateral holes, such as Maxitrap and Tephri trap, captured more flies than traps with open bottom access. New commercial traps baited with CeraTrap were significantly more efficient than McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein in hog plum (Spondias mombin L.; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) but similar in mango (Mangifera indica L.; Sapindales: Anacardiaceae). We conclude that the CeraTrap lure is an efficient lure when used in combination with other inexpensive simple traps for monitoring this pest, including during periods of low population density. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0015-4040 Accession Number: WOS:000346693100010

Record 16 of 61 By: Molina-Nery, MC (Molina-Nery, Mayra C.); Ruiz-Montoya, L (Ruiz-Montoya, Lorena); Zepeda-Cisneros, CS (Silvia Zepeda-Cisneros, C.); Liedo, P (Liedo, Pablo) Title: GENETIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OF ANASTREPHA LUDENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN MEXICO Source: FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST Volume: 97 Issue: 4 Pages: 1648-1661 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The wide geographic range of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mexico and its ability to use various taxonomically unrelated host plant species suggests that this species has considerable evolutionary potential and represents a high risk pest. The genetic diversity and structure of A. ludens populations from 7 Mexican states (Chiapas, Yucatan, Morelos, Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas and Durango) were investigated. Flies were collected as larvae from infested citrus fruits in each state, and sent as pupae to the Genetic Sexing Laboratory at the "Moscafrut " facility in Metapa, Chiapas, where adults emerged and were used in isoenzymatic analysis. Genetic diversity was estimated based on expected and observed heterozygosity, mean number of alleles and polymorphism obtained from allelic and genotypic frequencies of 6 enzyme loci revealed in cellulose acetate. Expected heterozygosity (H-e) ranged from 0.199 to 0.330, and percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was between 50 and 67%. We found a high level of inbreeding (F-is = 0.393, F-it = 0.456) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (F-st = 0.105). A negative correlation was found between elevation and H-e. We conclude that A. ludens populations are genetically diverse with moderate levels of differentiation. Genetic structure could not be attributed to the geographic distance among populations. Differentiation could be the result of natural selection associated with the colonization process. Genetic drift and pest management practices may have contributed to this differentiation to a lesser extent. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0015-4040 Accession Number: WOS:000346693100038

Record 17 of 61 By: Nix, K (Nix, Katheryne); Coots, C (Coots, Carla); Lambdin, P (Lambdin, Paris); Grant, J (Grant, Jerome); Paulsen, D (Paulsen, David); Wiggins, G (Wiggins, Greg); Merten, P (Merten, Paul) Title: CONCENTRATIONS OF IMIDACLOPRID AND OLEFIN-IMIDACLOPRID METABOLITE IN THE WALNUT HUSK MAGGOT (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) Source: FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST Volume: 97 Issue: 4 Pages: 1848-1851 Published: DEC 2014 Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0015-4040 Accession Number: WOS:000346693100064

Record 18 of 61 By: Ben-Yosef, M (Ben-Yosef, M.); Pasternak, Z (Pasternak, Z.); Jurkevitch, E (Jurkevitch, E.); Yuval, B (Yuval, B.) Title: Symbiotic bacteria enable olive flies (Bactrocera oleae) to exploit intractable sources of nitrogen Source: JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Volume: 27 Issue: 12 Pages: 2695-2705 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12527 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Insects are often associated with symbiotic micro-organisms, which allow them to utilize nutritionally marginal diets. Adult fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) associate with extracellular bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) that inhabit their digestive tract. These flies obtain nutrients by foraging for plant exudates, honeydew and bird droppings scattered on leaves and fruit - a nutritional niche which offers ample amounts of carbohydrates, but low quantities of available nitrogen. We identified the bacteria resident in the gut of the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) - a worldwide pest of olives and examined their contribution to nitrogen metabolism in the adult insect. By suppressing bacteria in the gut and monitoring female fecundity, we demonstrate that bacteria contribute essential amino acids and metabolize urea into an available nitrogen source for the fly, thus significantly elevating egg production. In an ecological context, bacteria were found to be beneficial to females subsisting on bird droppings, but not on honeydew - two natural food sources. We suggest that a main gut bacterium (Candidatus Erwinia dacicola) forms an inseparable, essential part of this fly's nutritional ecology. The evolution of this symbiosis has allowed adult flies to utilize food substrates which are low or imbalanced in assimilable nitrogen and thereby to overcome the nitrogen limitations of their natural diet. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1010-061X Accession Number: WOS:000346280100012

Record 19 of 61 By: Dominiak, BC (Dominiak, Bernard C.); Sundaralingam, S (Sundaralingam, Selliah); Jiang, L (Jiang, Laura); Nicol, HI (Nicol, Helen I.) Title: Longevity of Mass-Produced Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) Held Without Food or Water Source: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 2103-2106 DOI: 10.1603/EC14169 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The sterile insect technique is used to manage or control fruit flies throughout the world. The technique relies on large scale production before delivery to release managers. As part of the mass production phase, there are many quality control tests to demonstrate and maintain high quality pupae and flies. One highly desirable characteristic is adults with a long life so that these adults can reach sexual maturity and sterile males mate with wild fertile flies in the field and thus produce no viable offspring. Originally longevity was assessed allowing adults to have unlimited access to food and water. As quality and longevity increased, this methodology added significantly to workload and space demands and many facilities moved to testing longevity under stress where no food or water was provided. Here we examined >27,000 Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) from 160 weekly production batches from July 2004 to October 2009 where flies were not provided food or water. The mean longevity was 54.4 +/- SE hours. Longevity was significantly shorter from August to March, and the longevity was significantly longer in June. Longevity was not related to pupal weight, contrary to expectations. Weights were significantly lower in June and highest in summer. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-0493 Accession Number: WOS:000345963300012

Record 20 of 61 By: Renkema, JM (Renkema, Justin M.); Buitenhuis, R (Buitenhuis, Rosemarije); Hallett, RH (Hallett, Rebecca H.) Title: Optimizing Trap Design and Trapping Protocols for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Source: JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Volume: 107 Issue: 6 Pages: 2107-2118 DOI: 10.1603/EC14254 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a recent invasive pest of fruit crops in North America and Europe. Carpophagous larvae render fruit unmarketable and may promote secondary rot-causing organisms. To monitor spread and develop programs to time application of controls, further work is needed to optimize trap design and trapping protocols for adult D. suzukii. We compared commercial traps and developed a new, easy-to-use plastic jar trap that performed well compared with other designs. For some trap types, increasing the entry area led to increased D. suzukii captures and improved selectivity for D. suzukii when populations were low. However, progressive entry area enlargement had diminishing returns, particularly for commercial traps. Unlike previous studies, we found putting holes in trap lids under a close-fitting cover improved captures compared with holes on sides of traps. Also, red and black traps outperformed yellow and clear traps when traps of all colors were positioned 10-15 cm apart above crop foliage. In smaller traps, attractant surface area and entry area, but not other trap features (e.g., headspace volume), appeared to affect D. suzukii captures. In the new, plastic jar trap, tripling attractant volume (360 vs 120 ml) and weekly attractant replacement resulted in the highest D. suzukii captures, but in the larger commercial trap these measures only increased by-catch of large-bodied Diptera. Overall, the plastic jar trap with large entry area is affordable, durable, and can hold high attractant volumes to maximize D. suzukii capture and selectivity. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-0493 Accession Number: WOS:000345963300013

Record 21 of 61 By: Brevault, T (Brevault, Thierry); Renou, A (Renou, Alain); Vayssieres, JF (Vayssieres, Jean-Francois); Amadji, G (Amadji, Guillaume); Assogba-Komlan, F (Assogba-Komlan, Francoise); Diallo, MD (Diallo, Mariama Dalanda); De Bon, H (De Bon, Hubert); Diarra, K (Diarra, Karamoko); Hamadoun, A (Hamadoun, Abdoulaye); Huat, J (Huat, Joel); Marnotte, P (Marnotte, Pascal); Menozzi, P (Menozzi, Philippe); Prudent, P (Prudent, Patrick); Rey, JY (Rey, Jean-Yves); Sall, D (Sall, Dieynaba); Silvie, P (Silvie, Pierre); Simon, S (Simon, Serge); Sinzogan, A (Sinzogan, Antonio); Soti, V (Soti, Valerie); Tamo, M (Tamo, Manuele); Clouvel, P (Clouvel, Pascal) Title: DIVECOSYS: Bringing together researchers to design ecologically-based pest management for small-scale farming systems in West Africa Source: CROP PROTECTION Volume: 66 Pages: 53-60 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.08.017 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Crop pests are a major constraint to the intensification of agricultural production in the tropics, with novel issues related to global change (climate, land use, biological invasions, etc.), food security and preservation of natural resources and biodiversity. A research, extension and education network called DIVECOSYS (Diversity of cropping systems and ecologically-based pest management in West Africa) was launched in 2010 to synergize applied research actions in response to growing concerns on the vulnerability of agricultural systems to pest management in West Africa. This scientific network brings together research and academic institutions, with expertise spanning a multidisciplinary perspective from biology and ecology to remote sensing, agronomy and integrated pest management. Its main scientific objective is to explore the potential of biodiversity and ecological processes such as pest regulation, enabling novel ecologically-based models for productive systems, reduction of pesticide use, and adaptation or resilience of farming systems in the face of environmental disruptions. From Northern Senegal to Southern Benin, the research group explores a wide range of ecoregions and socio-ecological contexts, including stakeholders and their objectives, land use and agricultural practices, and management of biodiversity for enhancing biological control. Main challenges to be turned into opportunities include (i) encouraging collaborations amongst researchers from different scientific fields, (ii) fostering interactive research and synergies among research institutions and among countries, and (iii) developing an ecological engineering approach for the design of sustainable agricultural systems for smallholder farmers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0261-2194 Accession Number: WOS:000345619300009

Record 22 of 61 By: Barud, FJ (Jofre Barud, Flavia); Lopez, S (Lopez, Sandra); Tapia, A (Tapia, Alejandro); Feresin, GE (Feresin, Gabriela E.); Lopez, ML (Liza Lopez, Maria) Title: Attractant, sexual competitiveness enhancing and toxic activities of the essential oils from Baccharis spartioides and Schinus polygama on Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann Source: INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Volume: 62 Pages: 299-304 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.08.045 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The sterile insect technique is currently used to control the fruit fly pest, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann. The problem with this technique is a decreased sexual competitiveness of the sterile males. We tested the semiochemical properties of essential oils from non-host species as sexual performance enhancers of C. capitata as well as the attractant activity and toxic effect of the oils on adults. By GC-MS analysis, thirty-seven compounds were identified in the essential oil from Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae) with relative proportions of the compounds up to 5%. The essential oil from Baccharis spartioides (Asteraceae) presented three monoterpenes hydrocarbon dominating the chemical profile. Prior exposure of males to both essential oils increased the sexual competitiveness compared to untreated males in mating trials. In olfactometry tests, males were slightly attracted by the oil of S. polygama, and the essential oil of B. spartioides significantly attracted the females. We postulate these two aromatic species as new sources of essential oils that can enhance the sexual performance of sterile medfly males used in SIT programs. Moreover, the attractant and toxic properties of the oils suggest they can be candidate substances for lure-and-kill technologies. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0926-6690 Accession Number: WOS:000345468800040

Record 23 of 61 By: Liu, XP (Liu, Xing-Ping); Tu, XY (Tu, Xiao-Yun); He, HM (He, Hai-Min); Chen, C (Chen, Chao); Xue, FS (Xue, Fang-Sen) Title: Comparison of sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern and northern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi Source: INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 21 Issue: 6 Pages: 775-784 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12091 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: It is widely accepted that the genetic divergence and reproductive incompatibility between closely related species and/or populations is often viewed as an important step toward speciation. In this study, sexual compatibility in crosses between the southern XS population and the northern TA population of the polyandrous cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi was investigated by testing their mating preferences, mating latency, copulation duration, and reproductive performances of post-mating. In choice mating experiments, the percentages of matings were significantly higher in intra-population crosses than in inter-population crosses. Both isolation index (I) and index of pair sexual isolation (I-PSI) indicated partial mating incompatibility or assortative mating in crosses between the two different geographical populations. In single pair mating experiments, XS females in inter-population crosses mated significantly later and copulated significantly shorter than those in intra-population crosses. However, TA females in inter-population crosses mated significantly earlier and copulated longer than those in intra-population crosses, suggesting that larger XS males may enhance heterotypic mating. The lifetime fecundity was highest in XS homotypic matings, lowest in TA homotypic matings, and intermediate in heterotypic matings between their parents. The inter-population crosses resulted in significantly lower egg hatching rate and shorter female longevity than intra- population crosses. These results demonstrated that there exist some incompatibilities in premating, postmating-prezygotic, and postzygotic stages between the southern XS population and northern TA population of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1672-9609 Accession Number: WOS:000345451500011 PubMed ID: 24339338

Record 24 of 61 By: Schliserman, P (Schliserman, Pablo); Aluja, M (Aluja, Martin); Rull, J (Rull, Juan); Ovruski, SM (Ovruski, Sergio M.) Title: Habitat degradation and introduction of exotic plants favor persistence of invasive species and population growth of native polyphagous fruit fly pests in a Northwestern Argentinean mosaic Source: BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Volume: 16 Issue: 12 Pages: 2599-2613 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0690-5 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Expansion of agricultural land is one of the most significant human alterations to the global environment because it entails not only native habitat loss but also introduction of exotic species. These alterations affect habitat structure and arthropod dynamics, such as those among host plants, tephritid fruit flies, and their natural enemies. We compared abundance and dynamics of pest and non-pest tephritids and their natural enemies over a mosaic of habitats differing in structure, diversity and disturbance history on the Sierra de San Javier in Tucuman, Argentina. Our prediction was that conserved habitats would be more resistant to the establishment and spread of invasive tephritid species due in part to a greater abundance of natural enemies, a greater diversity of native species in the same family and trophic level, and a greater wealth of biotic interactions. We further predicted that native species with broad host ranges should be more sensitive to habitat loss yet more competitive in less disturbed habitats than generalist native and exotic species. We found that environmental degradation, and introduction and spread of exotic host plants strongly affected distribution patterns, abundance, and phenology of native and exotic tephritids. Monophagous tephritid species and several specialized parasitoids were more sensitive to habitat loss than polyphagous species and parasitoids exhibiting a wide host range. In contrast, native monophagous species and native parasitoids appeared to exclude the invasive Mediterranean fruit fly from conserved patches of native vegetation. Nevertheless, the Mediterranean fruit fly persisted in uncontested exotic host plants and thrived in highly degradeted urban landscapes. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 1 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 1 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 1387-3547 Accession Number: WOS:000345090600010

Record 25 of 61 By: Canale, A (Canale, A.); Geri, S (Geri, S.); Benelli, G (Benelli, G.) Author Identifiers: Author ResearcherID Number ORCID Number Benelli, Giovanni A-9100-2013

Title: Associative learning for host-induced fruit volatiles in Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a koinobiont parasitoid of tephritid flies Source: BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH Volume: 104 Issue: 6 Pages: 774-780 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485314000625 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Parasitic wasps are fascinating organisms that rely on a wide range of communication channels to locate their hosts. Associative learning for foraging kairomones has been demonstrated for various parasitic wasps, but little is known for parasitoids of Tephritidae flies. Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont parasitoid able to attack at least 14 tephritid pests. Females are innately attracted by some host-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), whereas others of the same bouquet are unattractive. We hypothesize that females may detect unattractive HIPVs in association with key resources, such as food and hosts, learning to respond favourably to these cues in consecutive experiences. We evaluated associative learning for HIPVs in P. concolor females, testing if they are able to associate a food reward with the presence of different dosages of three HIPVs, thus developing a preference for an odour innately unattractive. Results demonstrated that P. concolor responded favourably to the learned cue in consecutive experiences. For all tested HIPVs (nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and geranyl acetone), regardless of dosage, trained females preferred the reward-associated odour, whereas naive did not. Both HIPV-trained and naive females did not show consistent differences in latencies when choosing HIPVs over blank. HIPV-trained and naive wasps did not spend more time on HIPVs over blank. Odour learning is of adaptive importance for this generalist parasitoid, since it enhances host location efficiency by reducing the time wasted on the decision of where to search for hosts. From an applied perspective, these HIPVs could be used to train mass-reared P. concolor in pre-release, to potentially improve its efficacy in the field. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 1 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 1 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 0007-4853 Accession Number: WOS:000344945700011 PubMed ID: 25375217

Record 26 of 61 By: Tormos, J (Tormos, J.); Sabater-Munoz, B (Sabater-Munoz, B.); Asis, JD (Asis, J. D.); Beitia, F (Beitia, F.) Title: Validation of a methodology for rearing Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Volume: 146 Issue: 6 Pages: 676-683 DOI: 10.4039/tce.2014.15 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a pupal parasitoid of the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedmann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the principal pests of Spanish agriculture. Spalangia cameroni is a potential biocontrol agent for this pest if methods can be developed to mass-rear it effectively on C. capitata. Here, we report on the use of freeze-killed pupae of C. capitata to maintain a laboratory colony of S. cameroni, with a view to setting up a mass-rearing protocol. Realised fecundity, adult progeny, sex ratio, and superparasitism level were the principal parameters analysed. No significant differences were found in respect of these parameters between living or freeze- killedMedfly pupae used as hosts, although sex ratios showed a bias towards females in the case of freeze-killed pupae. Freeze-killed pupae were concluded to present the best option for the laboratory-rearing of S. cameroni, on account of ease of rearing, and avoidance of the emergence of Medfly adults. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 1 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 1 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 1 ISSN: 0008-347X Accession Number: WOS:000345121600010

Record 27 of 61 By: Appiah, EF (Appiah, E. F.); Ekesi, S (Ekesi, S.); Afreh-Nuamah, K (Afreh-Nuamah, K.); Obeng-Ofori, D (Obeng-Ofori, D.); Mohamed, SA (Mohamed, S. A.) Title: African weaver ant-produced semiochemicals impact on foraging behavior and parasitism by the Opiine parasitoid, Fopius arisanus on Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Volume: 79 Pages: 49-57 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.08.004 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens is an alien invasive pest of mango in Africa. The predatory African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda is being promoted for managing B. invadens and classical biological control with the Opiine parasitoid, Fopius arisanus is also underway. The current study investigated interactions between these two natural enemies. Specifically we assessed whether semiochemicals deposited by the ant on leaves and fruit affected the landing behavior of E. arisanus, its patch residence time and subsequent parasitism rates. Results showed that significantly more F. arisanus landed on 'ant-unexposed' leaves and fruits (leaves: 3.8 +/- 0.5-7.7 +/- 0.8; fruits: 4.1 +/- 0.1-8.1 +/- 1.2) compared with 'ant-exposed' leaves and fruits (leaves: 0.4 +/- 0.1-2.5 +/- 0.3; fruits: 0.2 +/- 0.1-2.8 +/- 0.7) from mango, citrus, guava and avocado. Parasitoid patch residence times were significantly longer on 'ant-unexposed' mango fruits (654.2 +/- 28.4 s-1034.2 +/- 112.6 s) compared to 'ant-exposed' fruits (75.2 +/- 18.4 s-144.8 +/- 42 s) regardless of whether eggs of B. invadens were present. In terms of percent parasitism, F. arisanus achieved significantly higher parasitism rates in B. invadens from 'ant-unexposed' mango fruits (72.8 +/- 3.8) compared with 'ant-exposed' fruits (18.2 +/- 1.8). Regression analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between the duration of exposure of mango fruits to ant-produced semiochemicals and the number of F. arisanus adults landing on fruits and percent parasitism. In field cages, 32% parasitism of B. invadens was achieved in mango fruits on trees without ants and 11% in mango fruits on ant-infested trees. These results suggest the potential for biotic interference between the two natural enemies if they are recommended for use within the same ecosystem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1049-9644 Accession Number: WOS:000344717100007

Record 28 of 61 By: Carson, BD (Carson, B. D.); Landis, DA (Landis, D. A.) Title: Phenology and dispersal of Larinus minutus Gyllenhal and Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), two biological control agents of Centaurea stoebe ssp micranthos (spotted knapweed) in Michigan Source: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Volume: 79 Pages: 84-91 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.09.001 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) (spotted knapweed) is an invasive plant that has been the target of classical biological control in North America for more than four decades. The seedhead-feeding weevils Larinus minutus Gyllenhal and Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are two of the most-widely released C. stoebe control agents, and have more recently been introduced into the eastern US. While there have been many studies focusing on their ability to impact C. stoebe in the western US and Canada, there have been few studies from eastern North America, and basic knowledge of important aspects of their biology is lacking. Here we report on the phenology and dispersal of L minutus and L. obtusus in Michigan. We regularly sampled two established Larinus spp. populations in southern Michigan in 2012 and 2013, and found that while adult abundance fluctuates during the growing season, they remained at easily detectable levels from mid-June through the end of August. We also used previously established populations of L. minutus and L. obtusus released in 1996 (n = 1), 2007 (n = 2), and 2010 (n = 5) to determine how dispersal of Larinus spp. into the surrounding landscape changes with time since release. Populations of Larinus spp. weevils showed little dispersal for 2 years post-release. However, after initial establishment dispersal rates increased rapidly, resulting in average dispersal rates that increased exponentially with time since release. These findings can inform future biological control release and sampling programs for Larinus spp. in eastern North America. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1049-9644 Accession Number: WOS:000344717100011

Record 29 of 61 By: Rempoulakis, P (Rempoulakis, Polychronis); Afshar, N (Afshar, Negar); Osorio, B (Osorio, Beatriz); Barajas-Aceves, M (Barajas-Aceves, Martha); Szular, J (Szular, Joanna); Ahmad, S (Ahmad, Sohel); Dammalage, T (Dammalage, Thilakasiri); Tomas, US (Sto Tomas, Ulysses); Nemny-Lavy, E (Nemny-Lavy, Esther); Salomon, M (Salomon, Mor); Vreysen, MJB (Vreysen, Marc J. B.); Nestel, D (Nestel, David); Missirlis, F (Missirlis, Fanis) Author Identifiers: Author ResearcherID Number ORCID Number Missirlis, Fanis C-1137-2011 0000-0003-0467-8444

Title: Conserved metallomics in two insect families evolving separately for a hundred million years Source: BIOMETALS Volume: 27 Issue: 6 Pages: 1323-1335 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9793-9 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: Metal cofactors are required for enzymatic catalysis and structural stability of many proteins. Physiological metal requirements underpin the evolution of cellular and systemic regulatory mechanisms for metal uptake, storage and excretion. Considering the role of metal biology in animal evolution, this paper asks whether metal content is conserved between different fruit flies. A similar metal homeostasis was previously observed in Drosophilidae flies cultivated on the same larval medium. Each species accumulated in the order of 200 A mu g iron and zinc and approximately ten-fold less manganese and copper per gram dry weight of the adult insect. In this paper, data on the metal content in fourteen species of Tephritidae, which are major agricultural pests worldwide, are presented. These fruit flies can be polyphagous (e.g., Ceratitis capitata) or strictly monophagous (e.g., Bactrocera oleae) or oligophagous (e.g., Anastrepha grandis) and were maintained in the laboratory on five distinct diets based on olive oil, carrot, wheat bran, zucchini and molasses, respectively. The data indicate that overall metal content and distribution between the Tephritidae and Drosophilidae species was similar. Reduced metal concentration was observed in B. oleae. Feeding the polyphagous C. capitata with the diet of B. oleae resulted in a significant quantitative reduction of all metals. Thus, dietary components affect metal content in some Tephritidae. Nevertheless, although the evidence suggests some fruit fly species evolved preferences in the use or storage of particular metals, no metal concentration varied in order of magnitude between these two families of Diptera that evolved independently for over 100 million years. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0966-0844 Accession Number: WOS:000344736200017 PubMed ID: 25298233

Record 30 of 61 By: Gontijo, L (Gontijo, Lucas); Vieira, MC (Vieira, Marcos C.); De Araujo, WS (De Araujo, Walter S.); Almeida-Neto, M (Almeida-Neto, Mario) Author Identifiers: Author ResearcherID Number ORCID Number Almeida-Neto, Mario A -6389-2009 0000-0002-2161-2968

Title: Proportion of exotics and relatedness of host species mediate the positive effect of plant richness on the species richness of fruit flies Source: ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY Volume: 39 Issue: 6 Pages: 716-722 DOI: 10.1111/een.12152 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: 1. All else being equal, the greater the local species richness of plants, the greater the number of associated herbivore species. Because most herbivore insects feed on a subset of closely related plant species, plant phylogenetic diversity is expected to play a key role in determining the number of herbivore species. What is not well known, however, is how an increase in the species richness of exotic plants affects the species richness of herbivores. 2. In this study, we used plant-fruit fly interactions to investigate the influence of the proportion and species richness of exotic host plants on the species richness of herbivorous insects. We also tested whether the phylogenetic diversity of host plants increases when the number of exotic plant species increases. 3. We found that the species richness of fruit flies is more accurately predicted by the richness of native host plants than by total plant species richness (including both native and exotic species). The proportion of exotic host species and the phylogenetic diversity of host plants had negative and positive effects, respectively, on the species richness of fruit flies. 4. Our findings suggest that a positive effect of plant richness on herbivore richness occurs only when an increase in plant diversity involves plant species with which native herbivores share some evolutionary history. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0307-6946 Accession Number: WOS:000344625000006

Record 31 of 61 By: Morrow, JL (Morrow, J. L.); Riegler, M (Riegler, M.); Frommer, M (Frommer, M.); Shearman, DCA (Shearman, D. C. A.) Title: Expression patterns of sex-determination genes in single male and female embryos of two Bactrocera fruit fly species during early development Source: INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Volume: 23 Issue: 6 Pages: 754-767 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12123 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: In tephritids, the sex-determination pathway follows the sex-specific splicing of transformer (tra) mRNA, and the cooperation of tra and transformer-2 (tra-2) to effect the sex-specific splicing of doublesex (dsx), the genetic double-switch responsible for male or female somatic development. The Dominant Male Determiner (M) is the primary signal that controls this pathway. M, as yet uncharacterized, is Y-chromosome linked, expressed in the zygote and directly or indirectly diminishes active TRA protein in male embryos. Here we first demonstrated the high conservation of tra, tra-2 and dsx in two Australian tephritids, Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera jarvisi. We then used quantitative reverse transcription PCR on single, sexed embryos to examine expression of the key sex- determination genes during early embryogenesis. Individual embryos were sexed using molecular markers located on the B.jarvisiY-chromosome that was also introgressed into a B.tryoni line. In B.jarvisi, sex-specific expression of tra transcripts occurred between 3 to 6h after egg laying, and the dsx isoform was established by 7h. These milestones were delayed in B.tryoni lines. The results provide a time frame for transcriptomic analyses to identify M and its direct targets, plus information on genes that may be targeted for the development of male-only lines for pest management. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0962-1075 Accession Number: WOS:000344645300006 PubMed ID: 25116961

Record 32 of 61 By: Dong, YC (Dong, Yongcheng); Wan, L (Wan, Lun); Pereira, R (Pereira, Rui); Desneux, N (Desneux, Nicolas); Niu, CY (Niu, Changying) Title: Feeding and mating behaviour of Chinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the field Source: JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE Volume: 87 Issue: 4 Pages: 647-657 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-014-0605-3 Published: DEC 2014 Abstract: The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a major tephritid fruit fly pest that infests Citrus spp. fruits. The pest was removed from the national quarantine pest list in China in 2009 owing to its wide spread across the country, and it is currently considered a major threat to citrus industry in Asia. The frequent high infestation levels of B. minax in China emphasize the need for a more comprehensive understanding of its biology and ecology so that more efficient control measures can be developed and applied. In the framework of developing a sterile insect technique program against B. minax, we studied the feeding and mating activities of B. minax in situ (Citrus orchards and surrounding habitats) through open field surveys and video recordings. In the pre-oviposition period, sexually immature adults largely foraged for food (e.g. honeydew from aphids, nectar and sooty mould) on non-host plants. Then, sexually mature adult flies shifted to lick sooty moulds, bird faeces and, to a lesser extent, an unknown substance on the Citrus leaves and fruits during the mating and oviposition periods. Finally, during the post-oviposition period, the flies were observed feeding on ooze from grapes. The mating behaviour patterns of B. minax in the field were described as follows: first, the male established its territory close to the potential oviposition substrate (Citrus fruit), second, the female landed on the fruit and began inspection and ovipositor boring behaviour on the fruit surface (no male courtship observed e.g. wing vibration), and third, the male mounted and copulated with the female. The present study shed light on the feeding ecology and mating behaviour of B. minax in the field; this knowledge will facilitate development of better management strategies against this tephritid fly. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1612-4758 Accession Number: WOS:000344774100009

Record 33 of 61 By: Szyniszewska, AM (Szyniszewska, Anna M.); Tatem, AJ (Tatem, Andrew J.) Title: Global Assessment of Seasonal Potential Distribution of Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: PLOS ONE Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Article Number: e111582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111582 Published: NOV 6 2014 Abstract: The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is one of the world's most economically damaging pests. It displays highly seasonal population dynamics, and the environmental conditions suitable for its abundance are not constant throughout the year in most places. An extensive literature search was performed to obtain the most comprehensive data on the historical and contemporary spatio-temporal occurrence of the pest globally. The database constructed contained 2328 unique geolocated entries on Medfly detection sites from 43 countries and nearly 500 unique localities, as well as information on hosts, life stages and capture method. Of these, 125 localities had information on the month when Medfly was recorded and these data were complemented by additional material found in comprehensive databases available online. Records from 1980 until present were used for medfly environmental niche modeling. Maximum Entropy Algorithm (MaxEnt) and a set of seasonally varying environmental covariates were used to predict the fundamental niche of the Medfly on a global scale. Three seasonal maps were also produced: January-April, May-August and September-December. Models performed significantly better than random achieving high accuracy scores, indicating a good discrimination of suitable versus unsuitable areas for the presence of the species. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1932-6203 Accession Number: WOS:000344402600049 PubMed ID: 25375649

Record 34 of 61 By: Chuang, CL (Chuang, Cheng-Long); Yang, EC (Yang, En-Cheng); Tseng, CL (Tseng, Chwan-Lu); Chen, CP (Chen, Chia-Pang); Lien, GS (Lien, Gi-Shih); Jiang, JA (Jiang, Joe- Air) Title: Toward anticipating pest responses to fruit farms: Revealing factors influencing the population dynamics of the Oriental Fruit Fly via automatic field monitoring Source: COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE Volume: 109 Pages: 148-161 DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2014.09.018 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The Oriental Fruit Fly (OFF), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of most devastating insect pests that have periodically caused serious damage to fruit farms in Taiwan and many countries in the world. In the past, many studies reported that the population dynamics of OFF was partially correlated to the weather and the historical population development of OFF in the field. By making the best use of modern info- communication technologies (ICTs), long-term pest population data and microclimate variables measured with uniquely fine spatiotemporal resolution are now available to reveal the population dynamics of OFF. An analysis of data over three years using the Vector Auto-Regressive and Moving-Average model with exogenous variables (VARMAX) was proposed to unravel the regulatory mechanism between the population dynamics of OFF and microclimate factors. In addition, the proposed model provides a 7- day forecast for population dynamics of OFF. The accuracy of 7-day risk level forecasting yielded by the proposed model ranges from 0.87 to 0.97, and the average root-mean squared errors of forecasting the population dynamics fall in the interval between 0.31 and 4.95 per day per farm. The proposed forecasting model can allow authorities to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of OFF and anticipate pest-related problems, so they can make preemptive and effective pest management decisions before the real problems occur. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0168-1699 Accession Number: WOS:000346215800018

Record 35 of 61 By: Mayamba, A (Mayamba, Alex); Nankinga, CK (Nankinga, Caroline Kukiriza); Isabirye, B (Isabirye, Brian); Akol, AM (Akol, Anne Margaret) Title: Seasonal population fluctuations of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in relation to mango phenology in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda Source: FRUITS Volume: 69 Issue: 6 Pages: 473-480 DOI: 10.1051/fruits/2014033 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Introduction. Timing of management practices requires an understanding of pest population dynamics in given cropping systems. Our study was designed to establish the population trends of B. invadens in mango orchards and to determine if population fluctuations were reflected in fruit infestation levels during changes in mango phenology. Materials and methods. Bactrocera invadens flies were trapped weekly from February 2011 to November 2012, using methyl eugenol and DDVP (dichlorvos) insecticidal strips. Trapping was done in three mango orchards in the Luweero district of Uganda's Lake Victoria Crescent. Mango fruit samples were incubated for the retrieval of puparia to calculate positivity (proportion of fruits infested) and fruit infestation indices (number of puparia per kg of fruit) for each stage of fruit maturity. Results. Mean trap catches of adult B. invadens varied significantly over the months (range : similar to 11 flies per trap per day (FTD) to over 590 FTD; P <= 0.0001). During each year, infestations peaked during June-July and January-February. Trap catches were higher in the major fruiting season compared with the minor fruiting season and were the highest when mango was at the physiological maturity and ripe stages. Fruit infestation and positivity were highest for fruit at the physiological maturity and ripe stages and lowest at the fruit set stage. Discussion. Our findings show that B. invadens is present year-round and all stages of mango fruit development are susceptible to attack. Thus, control measures should be implemented throughout the year and preferably started at fruit set to lessen fruit fly population build-up and damage to fruits. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0248-1294 Accession Number: WOS:000344622100005

Record 36 of 61 By: Abraham, S (Abraham, Solana); Nunez-Beverido, N (Nunez-Beverido, Nicolas); Contreras-Navarro, Y (Contreras-Navarro, Yair); Perez-Staples, D (Perez-Staples, Diana) Title: Female receptivity in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is not modulated by male accessory gland products Source: JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 70 Pages: 41-48 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.09.001 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In numerous insects, accessory gland products (AGPs) transferred from males to females during mating are responsible for female sexual inhibition, but these products can be affected by male condition. Here, we investigated the effect of AGPs on female receptivity of the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and the effect of male and female strain, male irradiation, AGP dose and sexual activity period on the effectiveness of these AGPs in inhibiting female remating. Injections of aqueous extracts of male accessory glands into the abdomen of females did not reduce their receptivity either at 0.2 or 0.8 male equivalent. Females injected with AGPs behaved like virgin females and not as mated females. Neither male origin, female origin (wild versus mass-reared), nor male irradiation (sterile versus fertile males) had an effect in inhibiting female remating. Also, injections of glands obtained during the sexual calling period of males, or obtained during the morning when males are not sexually active had no effect on female remating behavior. Mated mass-reared females were more likely to remate than wild females. We conclude that inhibition of female sexual receptivity of A. ludens is mediated by factors other than AGPs, such as the number of sperm stored by females, the stimulus of copulation per se or more probably, mediated by a combination of factors. More research is needed to elucidate the role of AGPs in this species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-1910 Accession Number: WOS:000344424800006 PubMed ID: 25205478

Record 37 of 61 By: Tejeda, MT (Tejeda, M. T.); Arredondo, J (Arredondo, J.); Perez-Staples, D (Perez- Staples, D.); Ramos-Morales, P (Ramos-Morales, P.); Liedo, P (Liedo, P.); Diaz-Fleischer, F (Diaz-Fleischer, F.) Title: Effects of size, sex and teneral resources on the resistance to hydric stress in the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens Source: JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY Volume: 70 Pages: 73-80 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.08.011 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Water availability is recognized as one of the most important factors in the distribution and activity of terrestrial organisms. In the case of insects, hydric stress imposes a major challenge for survival because of the small surface-area-to-volume ratio they exhibit. In general, stress resistance is expected to co-vary positively with size; however, this pattern can become obscured in insects that exhibit sexual size dimorphism, as sexes differ in size and/or shape and have dissimilar resource allocations. In the present study, we use an allometric-based approach to (i) assess the desiccation and starvation stress resistance of teneral Anastrepha ludens flies, (ii) disentangle the relationships between resistance, size and sex and (iii) examine the adult fly body differences in water and lipid contents before and after exposure to stress. After controlling for sexual size dimorphism, an allometric increase of resistance with overall size was observed for all stress-based treatments. The scaling exponents that define the proportion of increase resistance varied with size traits and with type and degree of hydric stress. In this allometric relationship, and also in the relationships between mass and wing length and between size and teneral resources, the sexes maintained similar scaling exponents but differed in the intercepts. Males were more resistant to stress than females; this competitive advantage is probably linked to greater amounts of teneral lipids and more water use during stress. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 0022-1910 Accession Number: WOS:000344424800010 PubMed ID: 25239667

Record 38 of 61 By: Caceres, C (Caceres, Carlos); Hendrichs, J (Hendrichs, Jorge); Vreysen, MJB (Vreysen, Marc J. B.) Title: Development and improvement of rearing techniques for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of economic importance Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S1-S12 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000034 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The papers presented in this special issue are focused on developing and validating procedures for artificial rearing of selected fruit fly species of economic importance for use in area-wide integrated pest programmes with a sterile insect technique (SIT) component. They are the result of a 5-year coordinated research project (CRP) on 'Development and Improvement of Rearing Techniques for Anastrepha and Bactrocera Fruit Flies' that was coordinated by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Twenty-two CRP participants from 18 countries worked on both basic and advanced rearing procedures of different fruit fly species to overcome technical bottlenecks and to develop appropriate and relevant procedures for use in mass-rearing facilities. A variety of studies were undertaken for three groups of tephritid species: (1) those for which mass-rearing for SIT application was available, but further refinement would be useful; (2) those for which mass-rearing for SIT application was under development in the laboratory, but that had not reached mass-rearing status; and (3) those for which research to develop colonization and rearing methods was needed. Many of the protocols developed or improved during the CRP have been transferred to the different fruit fly mass-rearing facilities worldwide. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800001

Record 39 of 61 By: Ekesi, S (Ekesi, Sunday); Mohamed, SA (Mohamed, Samira A.); Chang, CL (Chang, Chiou Ling) Title: A liquid larval diet for rearing Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S90-S98 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000113 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White and Ceratitis fasciventris (Bezzi) are the major fruit fly pests of fruits and vegetables in Africa. The effects of two types of larval diet, liquid and solid (carrot based), on various quality control parameters (pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence, flight ability, fecundity and fertility) of the two fruit fly species were investigated for five generations. The potential to replace two imported ingredients (yeast and wheat germ oil) with inexpensive and locally available alternatives was also explored. Most of the quality control parameters evaluated (pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and fecundity) for B. invadens reared on a liquid diet outperformed those reared on the carrot-based solid diet. In contrast, even though C. fasciventris was able to develop successfully on the liquid diet, three of the quality control parameters evaluated (pupal recovery, pupal weight and fecundity) were significantly lower over the generations when compared with those from insects reared on a solid diet. Except for flight ability, the parameters of B. invadens reared on the diets subsituted with the local yeast were of lower quality compared with those reared on the liquid diet containing the imported yeast. Corn (maize) and soybean oils were promising substitutes for wheat germ oil in the liquid larval diet of B. invadens without compromising any of the quality control parameters. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800012

Record 40 of 61 By: Estes, AM (Estes, Anne M.); Segura, DF (Segura, Diego F.); Jessup, A (Jessup, Andrew); Wornoayporn, V (Wornoayporn, Viwat); Pierson, EA (Pierson, Elizabeth A.) Title: Effect of the symbiont Candidatus Erwinia dacicola on mating success of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S123-S131 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000174 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Mutualistic bacterial endosymbionts provide many benefits to their insect hosts, but their role in mating has not been studied in the past. In this study, we examined copulatory success and mating latency as two parameters of mating success to assess the influence of Candidatus Erwinia dacicola on mating between a laboratory population of olive flies (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) of Israel origin and a wild population of olive flies from Israel. Previous studies have shown that in many species of tephritid flies, laboratory-reared males have lower fitness and achieve fewer matings than wild males. Our research has shown that this Israeli population of olive flies reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet lacked an endosymbiont, Ca. E. dacicola, found in wild-caught insects from Israel. We hypothesized that decreased fitness and mating ability in laboratory-reared flies could be due to the absence of this endosymbiont. Mating assays between both sexes of these two Israeli populations revealed matings to occur primarily between laboratory- reared females and wild males. Laboratory-reared males achieved only 22% of the total matings. Candidatus Erwinia dacicola was found in significantly fewer insects from the laboratory population than in the wild population; within populations, male and female olive flies were equally likely to have the endosymbiont. However, differences in readiness to mate between the two populations, and not the presence of the endosymbiont, explained mating latency. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800016

Record 41 of 61 By: Gilchrist, AS (Gilchrist, A. S.); Meats, AW (Meats, A. W.) Title: An evaluation of outcrossing to improve mass-reared strains of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S35-S44 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000216 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Outcrossing to wild or unrelated strains has been proposed as a counter to the negative effects of adaptation by domesticated animals to captive-breeding environments. However, for mass-reared insects intended for sterile insect technique release, outcrossing may reduce productivity in mass-rearing facilities. In this study, we characterized adaptation to mass-rearing in the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt). The features of domesticated B. tryoni were similar to those of other domesticated tephritids: shortened preoviposition period, higher egg production and increased early survival. We also examined the practical use of outcrossing to improve mass-reared strains. The B. tryoni mass-reared strain was crossed with independent strains that had already been domesticated for a varying number of generations. Preoviposition period, egg production, survival and stress tolerance were measured in the resulting hybridized strains. The short preoviposition period of the mass-reared strain was retained in outcrossed flies, indicating a genetically dominant trait. Egg production in outcrossed flies exceeded the mid-parent value, indicating some hybrid vigour for this trait. If both parents exhibited high egg production, the egg production of outcrossed strains was as high as that of the mass-reared strain. The high early survival of domesticated tephritids was reduced in outcrossed females, but not in outcrossed males. Preliminary thermal stress tests revealed that outbred flies were more stress resistant than the mass-reared strain. Therefore, the anticipated loss of productivity in outcrossed B. tryoni mass-reared strains is avoidable by choosing suitable parental strains and the outcrossed flies should have improved field performance. Using already domesticated strains should also facilitate the annual renewal of hybrid strains. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800005

Record 42 of 61 By: Cendra, PVG (Gomez Cendra, Paula Valeria); Segura, DF (Fernando Segura, Diego); Alberti, AC (Claudia Alberti, Andrea); Vilardi, JC (Cesar Vilardi, Juan) Title: Morphometric trait differentiation between a wild and a mass-reared population of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S82-S89 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000101 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is an important pest in many countries. The sterile insect technique is an effective method of controlling Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in Argentina and has been proposed for use against A. fraterculus. Because this technique relies on sterile mass-reared males mating with wild females, it is essential to verify that artificial rearing does not reduce male mating competitiveness. Several morphometric characters were evaluated to detect differences between a wild population and a laboratory strain that was derived from it and reared artificially since 1997. Eight morphometric traits were analysed as indicators of body size, head shape and potential mobility: Thorax Length, Head Width, Face Width, Eye Length, Wing Length, Wing Width, Third Tibia Length and Femur Length. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance, linear multiple regression and logistic multiple regression. In general, laboratory flies were larger than wild ones (possibly because the larval diet was supplied ad libitum). Laboratory males had significantly larger Head Width and Eye Length and a smaller Wing Width than wild males. Laboratory females differed from wild ones only by having narrower wings. These results could be due to environmental and genetic factors, or as a consequence of genetic drift (for the latter) during colony establishment plus gradual adaptation to laboratory conditions, where flight ability is most likely less important (resources are found easily at close distances). Also, short-distance interactions among individuals are more frequent in a colony, possibly favouring increased facial trait sizes by sexual selection. Because long- term morphological changes could represent the beginning of intraspecific differentiation, they should probably be worthy of some consideration if a large mass-rearing colony is established. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800011

Record 43 of 61 By: Hernandez, E (Hernandez, Emilio); Rivera, JP (Rivera, J. Pedro); Aceituno-Medina, M (Aceituno-Medina, Marysol); Orozco-Davila, D (Orozco-Davila, Dina); Toledo, J (Toledo, Jorge) Title: Demographic and quality control parameters of laboratory and wild Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S132-S139 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000186 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, rearing systems for, and the quality and demographic parameters of, a wild strain (WS) and two laboratory strains (LSs; one maintained on a torula yeast- casein diet and the other on a starter-gel diet) were determined for the American guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Schiner). No differences were observed between the LSs, but there were significant differences between the LSs and WSs. The LSs had the highest values for larval recovery, pupal weight, egg hatch, number of eggs/female per day, net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase. Therefore, during a short oviposition period, the LSs had a high fecundity. There were no differences in pupation at 24 h and larval weight between the WS and LS. However, the values of parameters, adult emergence, female and male life expectancies, age at first oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods and mean generation time were the highest in the WS. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800017

Record 44 of 61 By: Hernandez, E (Hernandez, Emilio); Rivera, JP (Rivera, J. Pedro); Artiaga-Lopez, T (Artiaga-Lopez, Trinidad) Title: Generic larval diet for mass-rearing three species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S13-S18 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000046 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether a generic diet could be developed for three species of Anastrepha: A. ludens, A. obliqua and A. serpentina. Laboratory and mass-rearing tests to assess the suitability of the A. ludens (Loew) (ALU) diet, normally used for rearing A. ludens, indicated that it was also suitable for rearing A. obliqua (Macquart) and A. serpentina (Wiedemann). Therefore, this diet appeared to be a suitable generic diet for the three species based on quality control parameters. In comparison with those observed when rearing larvae on the commonly used A. obliqua diet, the number of A. obliqua larvae recovered per g diet increased from 4.2 to 5.1, larval weight increased from 17 to 18.2 mg, pupation after 24 h from 89.3 to 96.9%, adult emergence from 91.5 to 93.7% and flight ability (% of fliers) from 86.1 to 90.4% when reared on the ALU diet. Usually, A. serpentina larvae are reared on the A. serpentina diet, but when reared on the ALU diet, larval recovery increased from 61.8 to 69.8%, number of larvae recovered per g diet from 3.7 to 4.4, larval weight from 21.7 to 23.8 mg and flight ability from 64.6 to 70.2%. These results show that the nutritional requirements of the three Anastrepha species are similar. The use of a generic diet for rearing the three species requires only one line to prepare the diet, reducing time and labour costs. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800002

Record 45 of 61 By: Khanh, LD (Khanh, L. D.); Hien, NTT (Hien, N. T. T.); Trang, VT (Trang, V. T.); Toan, TT (Toan, T. T.); Rull, J (Rull, J.) Title: Basic biology and artificial rearing of Bactrocera pyrifoliae (Diptera: Tephritidae), a pest of peaches and plums in northern Vietnam Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S148-S153 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000204 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, the basic biology of and artificial rearing techniques for Bactrocera pyrifoliae (Drew and Hancock), a pest of peaches and plums in high-elevation areas of northern Vietnam and Thailand, were investigated for 5 years. Bactrocera pyrifoliae was found only between elevations of 1000 and 1500 m, heavily infesting peaches and plums from early June to harvest in mid-July. The durations of the egg, larval and pupal stages were determined under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory, indicating that B. pyrifoliae is a multivoltine species. Larvae were successfully reared on a carrot and corn powder-based diet. Determinations of the appropriate adult density in colony cages, and also optimal temperature conditions for holding adults, were made. Bactrocera pyrifoliae performed better when the temperature was lowered during the night, as would be expected for a species adapted to temperate-like environments. Interestingly, adults originating from field-collected pupae emerged with a 3:1 female- biased sex ratio. Laboratory colonies, by generation seven, appeared to exhibit signs of inbreeding depression and required periodic incorporation of wild insects to restore egg hatch. To develop sound management techniques for populations of B. pyrifoliae infesting peaches, alternate commercial and native hosts infested outside the peach and plum fruiting season must be identified or some form of overwintering mechanism such as reproductive diapause be discovered. Documentation of mating behaviour in the field (a key to developing efficient traps), improvement in fertility in laboratory colonies, and eventually sterile insect technique-based integrated pest management for pest population management in the expanding low-chill temperate fruit-growing areas of northern Vietnam are also needed. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800019

Record 46 of 61 By: Nemny-Lavy, E (Nemny-Lavy, Esther); Nestel, D (Nestel, David) Title: Protein requirements of the adult Ethiopian fruit fly Dacus ciliatus Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S140-S147 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000198 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, the effects of yeast protein hydrolysate (YPH): sucrose proportions in the adult diet of the Ethiopian fruit fly Dacus ciliatus Loew on survival, pupal production, and endogenous lipid and protein contents were investigated. Small populations of the fly were fed diets containing various proportions of YPH and sucrose under low-humidity and high-humidity conditions. The YPH: sucrose proportions ranged from 20 to 50%. We monitored the patterns of survival, pupal production, and individual endogenous protein and lipid loads (only under high-humidity conditions) in flies maintained on various adult diets. The survival patterns of both males and females under high-humidity conditions were inversely proportional to the proportion of YPH in the diet. Mortality of some adult flies was related to the stickiness of the highly hygroscopic adult food mix. By contrast, the survival patterns of males and females maintained under low- humidity conditions were directly proportional to the proportion of YPH in the diet. Apparently, there was no effect of diet type on the number of pupae produced; on the sucrose-only diet, flies produced significantly fewer pupae. Protein content in the flies increased significantly as the proportion of protein in the diet increased, but lipid content was clearly not related to food constitution. Based on these results and recent evidence from studies in other fruit fly species, we concluded that a large amount of protein is deleterious to the fruit flies. Workers in rearing facilities should investigate and tailor different food-delivery systems, e. g. separate dishes for carbohydrates and the food mix, and reduce the amount of YPH used in industrial adult diets. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800018

Record 48 of 61 By: Orozco-Davila, D (Orozco-Davila, Dina); Artiaga-Lopez, T (Artiaga-Lopez, Trinidad); Hernandez, MD (Del Refugio Hernandez, Ma.); Dominguez, J (Dominguez, Julio); Hernandez, E (Hernandez, Emilio) Title: Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) mass-rearing: effect of relaxed colony management Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S19-S27 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000058 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, the effects of relaxed mass-rearing conditions on Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) production and quality were determined. Relaxed rearing conditions were defined by a reduction in the density of adult flies, from 80,000 to 60,000 flies per mass-rearing cage, and a reduction in the density of larvae, from 6.18 to 3.70 eggs/g of diet. In the parental generation, flies reared under relaxed conditions exhibited significant and a few non-significant changes - increased daily fecundity from 37 to 42 eggs per female, larval recovery from 80 to 91%, larval weight from 18.5 to 19.5 mg, pupation at 24 h from 92 to 96%, pupal weight from 13.5 to 14.3 mg, adult emergence from 92 to 94% and percentage of fliers from 89 to 90%. During the following 12 generations, non- significant differences were observed, but comparisons between relaxed and non-relaxed colonies were significant. The sexual competitiveness of males produced under relaxed conditions was similar to that of wild males. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800003

Record 49 of 61 By: Rempoulakis, P (Rempoulakis, Polychronis); Dimou, I (Dimou, Ioannis); Chrysargyris, A (Chrysargyris, Antonios); Economopoulos, AP (Economopoulos, Aris P.) Title: Improving olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) adult and larval artificial diets, microflora associated with the fly and evaluation of a transgenic olive fruit fly strain Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S114-S122 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000162 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Research on the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) - rearing simplification, insect microflora and transgenic strain evaluation - yielded several findings: (1) incorporation of antibiotics in the adult diet is evidently not needed; (2) colonization appears to be easier when wild adults are collected from the field instead of using mature larvae emerging from field-collected infested olives; (3) a combination of standard solid starter with liquid (no cellulose powder) finisher impregnated in synthetic sponge larval diets was more promising compared with all-liquid diets; (4) molecular analysis revealed extensive differences in bacterial species associated with the fly between laboratory flies and strains from different olive varieties, as well as between strains originating from different seasons of the year; (5) when an enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic strain was compared with the standard long mass-reared strain, it proved significantly inferior according to all quality control tests applied, i.e. egg production, egg hatch, larval- stage duration, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and adult survival. The aforementioned findings are discussed in the context of mass rearing and quality requirements for more successful implementation of the sterile insect technique against this pest. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800015

Record 52 of 61 By: Resilva, SS (Resilva, Sotero S.); Obra, GB (Obra, Glenda B.); Chang, CL (Chang, Chiou Ling) Title: Suitability of a liquid larval diet for rearing the Philippines fruit fly Bactrocera philippinensis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S53-S58 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000083 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, a liquid larval diet as an artificial rearing medium was successfully tested for the Philippines fruit fly Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock. The biological parameters studied were pupal weight, adult emergence and fliers, sex ratio, fecundity and fertility. The insects performed most satisfactorily if corn (maize) oil was added to the liquid medium. Compared with the standard sponge 'Kalle' cloth, three locally available absorbent materials showed promise as a support matrix for feeding larvae. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800007

Record 53 of 61 By: Resilva, SS (Resilva, Sotero S.); Obra, GB (Obra, Glenda B.) Title: Improvements in mass-rearing of the Philippines fruit fly Bactrocera philippinensis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S45-S52 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000071 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, new methods to improve the mass production of the Philippines fruit fly Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock were assessed. A new adult screen cage equipped with perforated egging tubes was designed. The replacement of sweet potato with sugarcane bagasse, rice straw or powdered corn as an alternative bulking agent in the standard artificial larval diet was found to lead to positive results in large-scale rearing. Rearing protocols and product quality control procedures for egg incubation, sieving of pupae and pupal holding were examined. The adoption of these new rearing procedures at low cost was found to increase the production of the Philippines fruit fly in a mass-rearing facility without reducing the fitness of the insect. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800006

Record 54 of 61 By: Resilva, SS (Resilva, Sotero S.); Pereira, R (Pereira, Rui) Title: Age- and temperature-related pupal eye colour changes in various tephritid fruit fly species with a view to optimizing irradiation timing Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S59-S65 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000095 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The application of the sterile insect technique to fruit flies involves the mass- production of the pest insects using an artificial diet, irradiation during a narrow time window at the late pupal or early imaginal stage to inhibit reproduction without affecting reproductive capacity, and then release into the target area where the sterile insects compete reproductively with their wild counterparts. The timing of irradiation is important to enable the release of males that are sterile but of good quality and exhibit an acceptable sexual performance. In this study, we examined the pupal development of 12 tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) species: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. ludens (Loew), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. serpentina (Wiedemann), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. invadens (Drew, Tsuruta & White), B. oleae (Rossi), B. philippinensis (Drew & Hancock), B. tryoni (Froggatt), B. zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The insects were reared at various temperatures, in the laboratory (15-28 degrees C) and under fluctuating natural conditions (20-35 degrees C). The gradual colour changes of the insect eyes during metamorphosis were observed and photographed, measuring the specific eye colour parameters of each species and matching them with the colour scale of the Munsell Soil Color Charts. The duration of pupal development and the time to emergence in Anastrepha species were longer than those in C. capitata and Bactrocera species at all the holding temperatures. The data obtained can be used by mass- rearing facilities to manage pupal holding conditions and as indicators for optimizing the timing of irradiation. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800008

Record 55 of 61 By: Rull, J (Rull, Juan); Arredondo, J (Arredondo, Jose); Diaz-Fleischer, F (Diaz- Fleischer, Francisco) Title: Improved mating performance of male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) irradiated at low doses for release in sterile insect technique programmes Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S28-S34 DOI: 10.1017/S174275841400006X Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: In this study, laboratory and field cage experiments were conducted to assess the performance of sterile mass-reared Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) irradiated at various doses. In small laboratory cages, the radiation dose was found to have no effect on adult emergence, flying adults or survival at 25 days. In field cages, non- irradiated males and males irradiated at 20 and 40 Gy were found to exhibit greater mating propensity than males irradiated at 60 and 80 Gy. In large field cages in competition with wild males, cohorts of flies (male and female) irradiated at the low dose of 40 Gy and wild non-irradiated flies mated randomly, while flies irradiated at the high standard dose of 80 Gy mated assortatively. Irrespective of the radiation dose, laboratory flies courted and attempted copulation significantly earlier in the day than wild flies. In large field cages, cohorts of flies irradiated at low doses, e. g. 40 Gy, tended to induce greater sterility into a cohort of wild flies than those irradiated at 80 Gy, but the difference was not significant. Our results suggest that lowering the radiation dose currently applied to mass-reared flies in the Mexican fruit fly eradication campaign would substantially improve male mating performance. This could result in greater sterility induction without posing a risk in areas where target pest populations naturally prevail and are under suppression during the early stages of eradication programmes. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800004

Record 56 of 61 By: Shah, SMM (Shah, S. M. M.); Ahmad, N (Ahmad, Nazir); Sarwar, M (Sarwar, Muhammad); Tofique, M (Tofique, Muhammad) Title: Rearing of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) for parasitoids production and managing techniques for fruit flies in mango orchards Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S108-S113 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000137 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: The effectiveness of rearing fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) for parasitoid production and pest control need to be improved. In these studies, the effects of dietary protein ingredients on the biological parameters of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) for parasitoid production were investigated. Among the various food ingredients, torula yeast and brewer's yeast were found to be more promising than Nu-Lure (R) and protein hydrolysate for rearing of B. zonata. To reduce the infestation of this pest in mango Mangifera indica L. orchards, biological control agents and the male annihilation technique were evaluated. Significantly fewer fruits were infested with fruit flies in the treated blocks compared with fruits in the untreated block. The field efficacy of the hymenopteran larval and pupal parasitoids Aganaspis (Trybliographa) daci (Weld) and Dirhinus giffardii Silvestri, respectively, plus the male annihilation technique in controlling fruit flies was significantly high than that of biological control agents and male annihilation as separate treatments. The release of parasitoids as agents of biological control can play a major role in the suppression of fruit fly populations and parasitoids also pose a minimal non-target risk. Furthermore, combining control tactics could be a very important aspect of an action plan for fruit fly population suppression. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800014

Record 57 of 61 By: Sobrinho, RB (Sobrinho, Raimundo Braga) Title: Developing a mass-rearing system for Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in north-eastern Brazil Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S66-S72 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000149 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Fruit fly pests in north-eastern Brazil include several species of the genus Anastrepha and the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The most common species are Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), the West Indian fruit fly Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi. In this study, attempts were made to mass-rear A. zenildae and A. fraterculus. The objective was to adapt local populations to laboratory conditions and develop mass-rearing systems for further utilization in integrated area-wide control programmes. Small colonies initially fed on guava fruits were developed in the laboratory. Adults were fed a diet made of brown sugar (60%), hydrolysed corn protein (26%), brewer's yeast (5%) and honey (9%). Adult diets with other combinations of ingredients were also tested. The colonies of A. zenildae and A. fraterculus achieved mating and egg hatch rates of 32 and 39%, respectively. The best diets for adults, resulting in good egg hatch, were as follows: diet B - brown sugar (60%), hydrolysed corn protein (26%), brewer's yeast (5%) and honey (5%); diet C - hydrolysed corn protein and white sugar (1: 3); and diet D - soybean protein and white sugar (1: 3). The best larval diet was based on 18% sugarcane bagasse and 9% protein. Adult mortality during the first 15 days was still high, over 50%. Adult recovery from pupae was over 70%. The best oviposition substrate was an agar-coated glass bottle. Mating compatibility was highest for A. fraterculus from the state of Sao Paulo. Mating between A. fraterculus and A. zenildae yielded no viable eggs. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800009

Record 58 of 61 By: Sookar, P (Sookar, P.); Alleck, M (Alleck, M.); Ahseek, N (Ahseek, N.); Permalloo, S (Permalloo, S.); Bhagwant, S (Bhagwant, S.); Chang, CL (Chang, C. L.) Title: Artificial rearing of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S99-S107 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000125 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Integration of the sterile insect technique (SIT) into the area-wide management of the peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) is a promising alternative to the localized use of chemical control tactics. Implementation of the SIT requires adequate numbers of sterile male insects that are produced in large mass-rearing facilities. The present study was carried out to improve the rearing methods of the peach fruit fly so as to contribute to the development of effective mass-rearing protocols. Commercially available papaya, mango, peach and guava juices were found to be equally effective as oviposition stimulants. Moreover, with respect to the fecundity and fertility of flies, water was found to be as effective as the tested fruit juices. During the first 3 weeks, 90% of the total eggs produced were collected from adult oviposition cages holding 50,000 flies. A larval diet composed of sugarcane bagasse, ground maize, sugarcane sugar, waste brewer's yeast, wheat bran, benzoic acid, nipagin and water resulted in the following values for the quality control parameters: egg hatch 85%, pupal recovery >67%, pupal weight >4.2g, pupation 95%, adult emergence >89%, and fliers >65%. Adult emergence and flight ability were similar for pupae placed in sand and vermiculite as the pupation medium. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800013

Record 59 of 61 By: Vera, MT (Teresa Vera, M.); Oviedo, A (Oviedo, Andrea); Abraham, S (Abraham, Solana); Ruiz, MJ (Josefina Ruiz, M.); Mendoza, M (Mendoza, M.); Chang, CL (Chang, Chiou Ling); Willink, E (Willink, Eduardo) Title: Development of a larval diet for the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE Volume: 34 Pages: S73-S81 DOI: 10.1017/S1742758414000150 Supplement: 1 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Mass-rearing protocols must be developed, in particular, a cost-effective larval diet, to implement the sterile insect technique against Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann). The key elements of this diet are the optimal nutrients and their concentrations, diet supports or bulking agents, and the pH of the diet. To improve the currently used formulation and develop a more cost-effective diet, in the present study, we evaluated various supports, sugar contents, nutrient proportions and pH levels. Egg-to- pupa recovery was found to increase when agar was replaced with sponge cloth in the diet. Although low, the recovery values obtained when using the sugarcane bagasse-based diet were similar to those obtained when using the agar-based diet, but the percentage of adult emergence was lower. Larval viability was found to increase when the amount of sugar in the diet was doubled. Yet, it is still necessary to evaluate this diet on a larger scale and determine the feasibility of reusing the sponge cloth to reduce the costs of larval diets. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1742-7584 Accession Number: WOS:000343870800010

Record 60 of 61 By: Muniz-Reyes, E (Muniz-Reyes, E.); Guzman-Franco, AW (Guzman-Franco, A. W.); Sanchez-Escudero, J (Sanchez-Escudero, J.); Nieto-Angel, R (Nieto-Angel, R.) Title: Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) orchard soils and their pathogenicity against Rhagoletis pomonella Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Volume: 117 Issue: 5 Pages: 1450-1462 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12617 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: AimsTo determine the abundance and diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote orchard soils and evaluate their ability to infect Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh., the main pest of tejocote. Methods and ResultsSurveys were made in two locations in Mexico state and two in Puebla state. Soil from selected locations was baited for entomopathogenic fungi with Galleria mellonella (L.). All isolates were identified morphologically to genus level and to species level using Bloc and elongation factor 1- gene sequence information, respectively; Beauveria bassiana ((Bals.-Criv.) Vuill.), B.pseudobassiana (S.A. Rehner & Humber) and Metarhizium robertsii (J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber) were found, with B.bassiana being the most abundant and widely distributed. Pathogenicity of five selected B.bassiana isolates and three M.robertsii isolates was evaluated against larvae and pupae of R.pomonella. All isolates infected larvae resulting in an average mortality of 35%. Pupae were not susceptible; however, adults emerging from inoculated pupae did die due to infection. ConclusionsAt least three species of entomopathogenic fungi are present in the soil from tejocote orchards, with B.bassiana being the most abundant and widely distributed. Rhagoletis pomonella larvae were more susceptible to infection than pupae. Significance and Impact of the StudyOur study has produced new information about the distribution of entomopathogenic fungi in cultivated soils from this region of North America, contributing to a better understanding of their natural occurrence and underpinning the development of biological control approaches. Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1364-5072 Accession Number: WOS:000343870700021 PubMed ID: 25081747

Record 61 of 61 By: Jiang, F (Jiang, F.); Jin, Q (Jin, Q.); Liang, L (Liang, L.); Zhang, AB (Zhang, A. B.); Li, ZH (Li, Z. H.) Title: Existence of species complex largely reduced barcoding success for invasive species of Tephritidae: a case study in Bactrocera spp. Source: MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 1114-1128 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12259 Published: NOV 2014 Abstract: Fruit flies in the family Tephritidae are the economically important pests that have many species complexes. DNA barcoding has gradually been verified as an effective tool for identifying species in a wide range of taxonomic groups, and there are several publications on rapid and accurate identification of fruit flies based on this technique; however, comprehensive analyses of large and new taxa for the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for fruit flies identification have been rare. In this study, we evaluated the COI barcode sequences for the diagnosis of fruit flies using 1426 sequences for 73 species of Bactrocera distributed worldwide. Tree-based [neighbour-joining (NJ)]; distance-based, such as Best Match (BM), Best Close Match (BCM) and Minimum Distance (MD); and character-based methods were used to evaluate the barcoding success rates obtained with maintaining the species complex in the data set, treating a species complex as a single taxon unit, and removing the species complex. Our results indicate that the average divergence between species was 14.04% (0.00-25.16%), whereas within a species this was 0.81% (0.00-9.71%); the existence of species complexes largely reduced the barcoding success for Tephritidae, for example relatively low success rates (74.4% based on BM and BCM and 84.8% based on MD) were obtained when the sequences from species complexes were included in the analysis, whereas significantly higher success rates were achieved if the species complexes were treated as a single taxon or removed from the data set - BM (98.9%), BCM (98.5%) and MD (97.5%), or BM (98.1%), BCM (97.4%) and MD (98.2%). Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Times Cited in BIOSIS Citation Index: 0 Times Cited in Chinese Science Citation Database: 0 Times Cited in SciELO Citation Index: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 ISSN: 1755-098X Accession Number: WOS:000343805400003 PubMed ID: 24690386