8768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 were not complete and could not be com­ By Mr. TABER: NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINATION OF missioned. The copper was in stock­ H. R. 7777. A bill to allow payments 1n lieu LOUIS E. GOODMAN TO BE UNITED plenty of it. Applications for priority of taxes on property taken by the .United STATES DISTRICT JUDGE, NORTHERN States Government; to the Committee on DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA had been made weeks ago. Red tape in Public Buildings and Grounds. W. P. B. delayed or refused it. These Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. President, as boats should be out on our Pacific coast chairman of the subcommittee .of the so as to give space for new ones being Committee on the Judiciary, which has constructed. This is neither economy SENATE before it the nomination of Louis E. nor common sense. It is just plain bu­ Goodman, of California, to be United reaucratic dumbheadedness and ineffi­ THURSDAY, NovEMBER 12, 1942 States district judge for the northern ciency. The war cannot be won in this district of California, I give notice, under manner. Food from our farms and ma­ The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown the rule of the committee, that there terials for clothing are just as necessary Harris, D. D., offered the following will be a public hearing in the Senate as war implements. The people bacl{ prayer: Judiciary Committee room a week from home know this and insist on it-swivel­ Father of Mercies, in Thee we live; today, Thursday, November 19, 1942, at chair bureaucrats and brass hats back a way from Thee we perish. Thou only 10:30 a. m., at which time and place all here in Washington, D. C., to the con­ canst redeem our life from destruction. persons interested may be heard. trary notwithstanding. Not only are the people of this country awake to the seri­ As we witness man's inhumanity to CALL OF THE ROLL ous situation, but they are just as loyal man, we confess with Eorrow that human Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of a and patriotic-even more so-than those devices and designs have deceived and quorum. betrayed every fair hope and brought drawing down a fat salary. They have The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk been buying bones and stamps; they ashes for beauty; the arm of flesh has failed us. Man has forsaken Thy ways will call the roll. have been willing to pay heavy taxes; The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the they are willing to sacrifice. But they all holy and slighted Thy word. Thou hast given him the faculty of creating following . Senators answered to their insist that the funds appropriated and names: taxes levied be used in an Btll-out effort beauty, and he has used the gifts of Thy grace to destroy the works of his own Andrews Gillette O'Mahoney to win this war and not wasted as it Austin Green Overton is now too evidently done. The upsurge hands and the heritage of his children. Ball Guffey Pepper of the voters was a healthy sigH of live In these latter days Thou hast granted Barkley Gurney Radcliffe him the dominion of the air, and he uses Bilbo Hatch · Reynolds democracy. For my part I was glad to Bone Herring Rosier see it. This, too, notwithstanding my his wings to rain death and destruction Brewster Hill Russell personal defeat. Personalitjes, after all, upon the good earth, tearing to tatters Bridges Johnson, Calif. Schwartz the fair fabric of his own achievements. Brooks Johnson, Colo. Spencer are really secondary. Unless those in Brown Kilgore Taft authority heed tt.is warning and rectify By Thy mercy and by Thy judgments Bulow La Follette Thomas, Idaho these unsound and undemocratic prac­ hasten the day when the devotion, the Bunker Langer Thomas, Okla. skill, and the knowledge of men shall Burton Lee Thomas, Utah tices immediately there will be a more Byrd Lodge Tobey serious and decided revolt in 1944. The channel broad streams of living waters Capper Lucas Truman people of the United States are sound of good will through the arid wastes of Caraway McFarland Tunnell human need and in wildernesses blos­ Chavez McKellar Vandenberg at heart. Jefferson trusted them. Lin­ Clark, Idaho McNary VanNuys coln trusted them. Why should not we soming as rose gardens shall plant trees Conn·atly Maloney Wagner who proclaim these two as our heroes, of life abundant, whose leaves are for Danaher Maybank Wheeler the healing of the nations. So out of the Davis Millikin White also trust them? We can and will win Downey Murdock Wiley this war, but it will be won by the rank wrath of man may there come the reign Doxey Norris Willis and file in these United States and not of God, whose alone is the kingdom and George Nye by bureaucrats and visionaries here in the power and the glory. Amen. Gerry O'Daniel Vvashington, D. C. Again permit me to THE JOURNAL Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sen­ say: Not only do I abide by the verdict On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by ator from Virginia [Mr. GLASS] is absent of the voters back home, but I will con­ unanimous consent, the reading of the from the Senate because of illness. tinue to do my very best to help in cor­ Journal of the proceedings of Monday, The Senator from North Carc.}ina [Mr. recting the political, economic, and so­ BAILEY], the Senator from Alabama [Mr. cial evils too prevalent in our beloved November 9, 1942, was dispensed with, and the Journal was approved. BANKHEAD], the Senator from Nevada America. This is the duty and privilege [Mr. McCARRAN], the Senator from Ken­ of a private citizen the same as of a MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT tucky [Mr. CHANDLER], the Senator from public servant. Messages in writing from the President Missouri [Mr. CLARK], the Senator from LEAVE OF ABSENCE of the United States were communicated Louisiana [Mr. ELLENDER], the Senator to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his from Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN], the Senator By unanimous consent, leave of ab­ secretaries. from Delaware [Mr. HuGHES], the Sen­ sence was granted to Mr. VINSON of ator from New York [Mr. MEAD], the Georgia, for 10 days, on account of im­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Senator from Montana [Mr. MuRRAY], portant business. A message from the House of Repre­ the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. ADJOURNMENT sentatives, by Mr. Calloway, one of its SMATHERS], the Senator from South Car­ reading clerks, annmmced that the House olina [Mr. SMITH], the Senator from Mr. DOMENGEAUX. Mr. Speaker, I had agreed to the reports of the com­ Tennessee [Mr. STEWART], the Senator move that the House do now adjourn. mittees of conference on the disagreeing from Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS], the Sen­ The motion was agreed to; accordingly votes of the two Houses on the amend­ ator from Washington [Mr. WALLGREN], (at 1 o'cl'ock and 44 minutes p. m.) the ment of the Senate to each of the follow­ and the Senator from Massachusetts House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ ing bills of the House: [Mr. WALSH] are necessarily absent. day, November 12, 1942, at 12 o'clock Mr. McNARY. The Senator from Ver­ noon. H. R. 5458. ·An act to amend the Organic Act of Alaska; and mont I Mr. AIKEN], the Senator from New H. R. 7528. An act to amend the Selective Jersey [Mr. BARBOt.TR], the Senator from PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Training and Service Act of 1940 by provid­ Nebraska [Mr. BuTLER], the Senator from Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public ing for the extension .of liability. . Oregon [Mr. HOLMAN], the Senator from Kansas [Mr. REED], the Senator from bills and resolutions were introduced and ENROLLED BILL SIGNED severally referred as follows: Minnesota [Mr. SHIPSTEAD J, and the Sen­ The message also announced that the ator from Idaho [Mr. THOMAS] are nec­ By Mr. GIFFORD: H. R. 7776. A bill relating to deferment of Speaker had affixed his signature to the essarily absent. registrants regularly engaged in fishing essen­ enrolled bill

r 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8769 I REPORT OF UNITED STATES HIGH COM- "Whereas many thousands more of our at Thomaston, Conn., on October 25, 1\fLSS:!:ONER TO THE PHILIPPINE IS­ citizenship are engaged in defense employ­ 1942. LANDS ment; and There being no objection, the letter "Whereas the rest of the population of the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the State of Missouri are in full and complete and resolutions were referred to the Senate the following message from the unison, harmony, and accord with the Presi­ Committee on Finance and ordered to be President of the United States, which dent of the United States, Franklin D. Roose­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: was read and referred to the Committee velt, in the prosecution of the war effort VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS on Territories and Insular Affairs: and with his administration, and each and OF THE UNITED STATES, all things done by him in the furtherance D::;:PART:r,:IENT Or.' CONNECTICUT, !NC., To the Congress of the United States: thereof; a-nd Me1·iden, Conn., October 31, 1942. "Whereas in World War No. 1, the citizen­ Han. FRANCIS T. MALONEY, As required by section 7 (4) of the act · ship of Missouri distinguished themselves in United States Senate, of Congress approved March 24, 1934, the service of their country, and especially Senate Office Bu ildi ng, entit1ed "An act to provide for the com­ such men as Rear Admiral Coontz, of Hanni­ Washington, D. C. plete independence of the Philippine bal; Rear Admiral Willard, of Kirksville; MY DEAR SENATOR: As the phraseology Of Islands, to provide for the adoption of a General Crowder, of Trenton; and General the attach~d resolution bears t ut our feel­ constitution and a form of government Pershing, of Linn County; and ings on the matter, we feel, Senator, and for the Philippine Islands, and for other "Whereas the history of the United States pray that you and your colleagues will do has repeated itself in that in our present nothing to disturb the present basis of bene­ purposes," I transmit herewith, for the time of great trial God Almighty has again fits to our comrades of World War No. 1, and information of the Congress, the Fifth presented to the people of this Nation a great that you have all been sincere in the enact­ Report of the United States High Com­ leader to guide and direct our course and ment of amendments to the World War Com­ missioner to the Philippine Islands cov­ destiny: So, therefore, be it pensation Act for our comrades of World War ering the fiscal year beginning July 1, "Resolved by the House of Representattves No. 2. 1940, and ending June 30, 1941. of the Sixty-first General Assembly of the The present system has proven itself to State of Missouri, in extra session assembled, be the best and most equal basis t h at we have FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. had, and seems to me to carry out the wishes THE WHITE HOUSE, November 12,1942. That the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, be commended in of the illustrious men who have gone before, each, all, and everything he has done as who had a feeling for the disabled man. To [NoTE.-The report accompanied a President of the United States and as Com­ medQ.le with a just arrangement is going to similar message to the House of Repre­ mander m Chief of the armed forces in the cause hardships on end, and the man who sentatives.] prosecution of this war and in the orderly should be taken care of is going to suffer, just as was the case not so many years ago. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS and far-sighted judgment used in all things in connection with the war effort, and espe­ This can best be said in the immortal wo:·ds PeLtions, etc., were laid before the · cially commending him in the selection of of the great Lincoln: "To care for him who Donald M. Nelson as Chairman of the War has borne the battle, and for his widow and Senate, or presented, anC' referred as orphans." This never intended to have war indicated: Production Board, and that the people of the State of Missouri, by and through their rep­ veterans in need of special care to b3 classed By the VICE PRESIDENT: resentatives in the sixty-first general as­ as civiiiaRs. We want to keep what we have, A letter from Mrs. M. H. Wilson, general sembly, in extraordinary session assembled, Senator, and give to those that are now delivery, Washington, D. C., in regard to the hereby and by this resolution commend the fighting our fight, everything that we can. interpretation and administration of the President of the United States of America, If this is what might be called a Epecial class, laws relating to alien enemies and alien and hereby reaffirm our faith and confidence then let us have a sp3cial class, for without the efforts of these lads, we will have no class. property by certain courts; to the Committee in the President of the United States, Franl~­ on the Judiciary. lin D. Roosevelt; Donald M. Nelson; and the We pray, Senator, that· you will give our A resolution of the House of Representa­ President's admiE.istration, in their ability, resolution the ccnsideration which we be­ tives of the General Asssmbly of Missouri; good judgment, and tireless effort for and lieve it merits, and that you will work for to the Committee on Military Affairs: on ·behalf ut all these United States, their the ultimate defeat of H. R. 7484 and the immediate paEsage of S. 2827; we are not ask­ "House Resolution 11 possessions, their people, and their W!=Jlfare, and this House of Representatives of the ing for more, we are asking for a continu­ "Whereas since the adjournment of the Sixty-first General Assembly of Missouri, in ance of j;h~ Eame treatment that is in force, regular session of the S!xty-first General As­ extraordinary ses£ion assembled, collectively and the Divine Providence knows they are sembly of the State of Missouri, and on and individually bind ourselves to coo-perate worthy of this from a grateful Government. December 7, 1941, Japan made a snealt as­ with the President of the United States, the Rea!izing the many problems that are yours sault upon citizens and posseEsions of the Congress of the United States, and all the in a time lil~e this, but also realizing that United States of America e.t Pearl Harbor; various agencies, civil and military, in an all­ you have been most square on problems that and out effort for an early and conclusive victory: have confronted you regarding veteran legis­ "Whereas on December 8, 1941, a state of Be it further lation, we know that you will take time out war was formally declared; and on this and again act as you have in the past, "Resolved, That the chief clerk of the house "Whereas since said 8th day of Decem­ for the best interests of your comrades and be instructed to send a certified copy of this mine. ber 1941 the United States Government and resolution to the President of the United the people of this Nation have been working Thanking you again for the many favors States, to Donald M. Nelson, and to both which yau have shown me, and with my best together for an all-out war and an early Houses of the Congress of the United States, victorious conclusion; and wishes for continued strength to meet the and that a copy hereof be spread ·upon the problems of all our people at a time like this. "Whereas the President of the United permanent records of this house." States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, as Commander I am, in Chief of our armed forces, has clone each, By Mr. CAPPER: Sincerely yours, all, and everything necessary to this time A petition of members of the congregation BILL DIBBLE, for the preservation of cur democracy, our of the Rosedale Baptist Church, Kansas City, Department Adjutant. posEessions, and the safety and welfare of Kans., praying for the enactment of legisla­ At a regular meeting of the Department of our citizenship; and tion to prohibit the sale of alcoholic liquors Connecticut, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the "Whereas among other foresighted and in the vicinity of milit~. ry camps and naval United States, held at Thomaston, Conn., on important things done and accomplished, establishments; ordered to lie on the table. Sunday, October 25, 1942, the following reso­ the President of the United States, Franl::lin LETTER AND RESOLUTIONS FROM DE­ lution was unanimously adopted: D. Roosevelt, has appointed a native son of PARTMENT OF CONNECTICUT, VETER­ "Whereas, it has come to the attention of Hannibal, Mo., Donald M. Nelson, to the po­ this Department that by H. R. 7484, it is sition of Chairman of the War Production ANS OF FOREIGN WARS proposed to place the administration of Vet­ Board, which office and appointment is one Mr. MALONEY. Mr. President, I ask ·erans Affairs in the control of the Federal Se­ vital to the prosecution and early conclusion curity Commission, and which bill would of this war; and unanimous consent that there may be deprive veterans of past wars, of benefits "Whereas the President of the United printed in the RECORD at this point and under existing laws, and the existing system States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Donald M. appropriately referred a letter which I of care for disabled veterans, which have Nelson have worked in full and complete have received frorr. Mr. William P. Dib­ proven satisfactory in the past, and that S. unison and harmony for the advancement ble, adjutant of the department of Con­ 2827, also pending, proposes to continue those and progress of the United States of Amer­ necticut, Veterans of Foreign Wars of benefits as they are now administered: Now. ica in our war efforts; and therefore, be it "Whereas many thousands of .Missouri the United States, together with copy of "Resolved by this department, That we manhood, the cream of our citizenship, are resolutions adopted by a meeting of the most earnestly urge the defeat of said H. ~. · now in· the various branches of military· Department of Connecticut, Veterans of 7484, and the passage of S. 2827, to continue llervice of their country; and Foreign Wars of the United States, held to present war veterans and those who shall 8770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 \ become disabled by reason of their sacrifice Furthermore, the congregation urges yoa, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES to perpetuate our freedom in the present war as chairman of the Senate Military Affairs against our national existence and American Committee, to insist that Senate bill No. 860 The following reports of committees principles of liberty." be taken from the calendar, and be brought were submitted: before the Senate for careful consideration By Mr. REYNOLDS, from the Committee PROHIBITION OF LIQUOR SALES AND and for a vote by the Senate. Fair play de­ on Military Affairs: SUPPRESSION OF VICE AROUND MILI­ mands that such procedure be followed, so S. 2786. A bill to equalize certain disability TARY CAMPS that a roll call of the Senate may be had benefits for Army officers; with amendments Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I pre­ on the merits of the present bill, or upon (Rzpt. No. 1672). the bill as amended for more effective pro­ By Mr. GERRY, from the Committee on sent and ask unanimous consent to have tection. Naval Affairs: printed in t~e RECORD and appropriately You are requested to read this action of H. R. 7575. A bill to expedite the prosecu­ referred a letter I have received from the congregation upon the floor of the Sen­ tion of war, and for other purposes; with an Herbert Brown, Rugby, N.Dak., respect­ ate, and to ask that it be inserted in the amendment (Rept. No. 1673). ing the prevention of liquor sales and the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. BILLS INTRODUCED suppression of vice around Army camps. ·Respectfully yours, There being no objection, the letter C. L. STILLWELL, Bills were introduced, read the first Pastor, Spotsylvania Charge, time, and, by unanimous consent, the was ordered to lie on the table and to Spotsylvania, Va. be printed in the RECORD, as follows: second time, and referred as follows: RUGBY, N.DAK. Hon. RoBERT R. REYNOLDS, By Mr. McNARY: To the Congress o,· the United. States: Chairman, Senate Military Affairs S. 2890. A bill for the relief of Robert Paul HoNoRED GENTLEMEN: I humbly beg your Committee, Senate Office Building, Horst; to the Committee on Immigration. permission to present the following state­ Washington, D. C. By Mr. REYNOLDS: ment. DEAR SENATOR REYNOLDS: We are writing S. 2891. A bill to amend paragraph 8, sec­ It is my opinion that Senate bill 860, to you, not personally but officially, as chair­ tion 127a of the National Defense Act so to prohibit vice (prostitution and red-light dis­ man of the Senate Military Affairs Com­ authorize certain service to be counted in tricts) and liquor in and around Army camps mittee. determining precedence among officers when or some other bill with· equal restrictions At a very representative service at Taber­ dates of rank are the same; to the Committee should be enacted into law immediately. nacle Methodist Church, Spotsylvania Coun­ on Military Affairs. My reason for believing that such legisla­ ty, Va., Sunday, October 25, 1942, the con­ By Mr. ANDREWS: tive action should be taken is as follows: gregation requested the pa.stors present to S. 2892. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Alethea First, because we need the greatest effi­ write to you, stating that the congregation Arthur; ciency in the prosecution of this war. desires the passage of protective legislation S. 2893. A bill for the relief of F. M. Maloy; for our armed forces from the liquor and and Secondly, because carefully made scientific . S. 2894. A bill for the relief of Sam Wooten; tests have proven that the use of alcoholic vice traffics similar to that which was en­ acted by Congress in 1917. · to the Committee on Claims. liquor in any degree as a beverage retards By Mr. REYNOLDS: the muscular and viSul'tl reactions of the per­ Furthermore, the congregation -qrges you, as chairman of the Senate Military Affairs S. 2895. A bill for the relief of Maj. George son using liquor containing alr.ohol, thus less­ E. Golding; to the Committee on Claims. ening the efficiency of the person who uses it. Committee, to insist that Senate bill No. 860 be taken from the calendar, and be brought (Mr. REYNOLDS also introduced Senate Third, because in lowering the draft age of bill 2896, which was referred to the Com­ our young men to 18 and 19 years we are before the Senate for careful consideration and for a vote by the Senate. Fair play de­ mittee on Finance, and appears under a sep- placing mere boys in our armed forces and arate heading.) , subjecting the:m to the influences of camp mands that such procedure be followed, so life at a period of their lives when that in­ that a roll call of the Se-nate may be had EXTENSION OF PROVISIONS OF NA­ fluence needs to be· as wholesome and produc­ on the merits of the present bill, or upon TIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE ACT tive of physical and moral and spiritual the bill as amended for more effective pro- TO AMERICAN WAR CORRESPONDENTS strength as is possible. tection. • And lastly, in inducting these young men You are requested to read this action of Mr. REYNOLDS. Mr. President, bto our armed forces we are asking them to the congregation upon the floor of the Sen­ American war correspondents 2 re shat­ give a number of years of their lives, and, ate, and to ask that it be 'inserted in the tering all precedents and traditions in if need be to give life itself, as many will do, CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD. this war by sharing tEe dangers of front­ in the waging of a war for which they are not Resp~ctfully yours, line troops. Several have been killed in responsible and under conditions more terri­ C. L. STILLWELL, action; others are missing in action; yet ble than have ever existed before. We are Pastor, Spotsylvania Charge, Spotsylvania, Va. more have been wounded in action. asking them to die for a great cause and Contrary to-all previous wars, Ameri­ liquor and vice are the enemies of that faith which prepares men to die. Hon. RoBERT R. REYNOLDS, can war correspondents in this war are Respectfully submitted. Chairman, Senate Military Affairs serving on battleships, aircraft carriers, HERBERT BROWN. Committee, Senate Office Building, destroyers; they fly into enemy territory Washington, D. C. in bombers and fighting aircraft; they Mr. REYNOLDS. I present and ask DEAR SENATOR REYNOLDS: We are writing you, not personally, but officially, as chair­ ride beyond the front lines in tanks and consent that there be incorporated in the armored. cars; they go far beyond the RECORD at this juncture as a part of my man of the Senate Military Affairs Com­ mittee. front trenches, because trench warfare is remarks and appropriately referred sev­ At a very representative service at Zion only a phase an<:{ not always an impor­ eral letters I have received from a pastor Methodist Church, Spotsylvania County, Sun­ tant phase in modern warfare. of various churches in a section of Vir­ day October 25, 1942, the congregation re­ Despite all their hazards, these men ginia in reference to Senate bill 860 and quested the pastors present to write to you, are ineligible for war-risk insurance. the so-called Lee amendment. stating that the congregation desires the pas­ They are likewise denied commercial in­ There being no objecttion, the letters sage of protective legislation for our armed forces from the liquor and vice traffic similar surance because of the excessive pre­ were ordered to lie on the table and to to that which was enacted by Congress in 1917. miums required where such insurance is be printed in the REcoRD, as follows: Furthermore, the congregation urges you, even offered them. Because they are, Hon. ROBERT R. REYNOLDS, as chairman of the Senate Military Affairs first, subject to military law and are un­ Chairman, Senate Military Affairs Committee, to insist that Senate bill No. 860 der the control of the commander of the Committee, Senate Office Building, be taken from the calendar, and be brought Army force-or Navy force-which they Washington, D. C. before the Senate for careful consideration accompany; second, are treated as DEAR SENATOR REYNOLDS: We are writing and for a vote by the Senate. Fair play de­ prisoners of war when captured by the you, not personally, but officially, as chair­ mands that such procedure be followed, so that a roll call of the Senate may be had enemy; third, subject to the Articles of man of the Senate Military Affairs Com­ War and all regulations for the govern­ mittee. on the merits of the pre.sent bill, or upon the bill as amended for more effective pro­ ment of the Army-or Navy-pursuant At a very representative service at Beach tection. to war; fourth, are compelled to waive Grove Methodist Church, Spotsylvania Coun­ You are requested to read this action of ty, Va., Sunday, October 25, 1942, the con­ all claims against the United States for the congregation upon the floor of the Sen­ losses, damages, or injuries which may gregation requested the pastors present to ate, and to ask that it be inserted in the write to you, stating that the congregation CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. be suffered as a result of accompanying · desires the passage of protective legislation Respectfully yours, tro_ops; fifth, compelled to wear military for our armed forces from the liquor and vice C. L. STILLWELL, umforms, even though wearing a uni­ tramcs similar to that which was enacted by Pastor, Spotsylvania Charge, form may endanger his life; sixth, un­ Congress in 1917. Spotsylvania, V"-. able to quit their posts without the writ- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8771 ten permission of hjs commander, these Louisiana-was the vote less than 49 percent unavoidable responsibifities. We must avoid men should be mgde eligible for war­ of the potential voting population. that last straw which breaks the camel's risk insurance while on assignment with The following chart, which was submitted back. In other words, the additional collec­ the armed forces of the United States. in evidence before the Senate Judiciary Sub­ tion of another and final three or four bil­ Every day war correspondents for the committee on the Poll Tax, shows the 48 lions in further taxes is far less important States in descending order by percent of po­ than the Nation-wide absorption of forty American press associations and news­ tential voting population voting in the 1940 or fifty billions in bonds, particularly if th'3 papers are risking their lives. Only last and 1936 senatorial elections: former jeopardizes the latter. Saturday, November 7, two American Senate elections showing States in descend­ As I see it, the next problem is a bond correspondents were wounded in Egypt­ ing order by percent of potential voting problem and•not a tax problem, except as a Alex~mder C. Sedgwick, of the New York population voting, 1940 and 1936 further tax bill confines itself to stopping Times, and Jack Lait, of International West Virginia______84 further loopholes and to correcting inequi­ t ies and to improving administrative meth­ News Service. Utah------83 The honor roll of war correspondents Illinois, Indiana______80 ods through larger collection at the source Connecticut, Delaware______78 and to implementing the so-called Ruml plan includes Jack Singer, of International for putting tax liabilities on a current basis. News Service, killed in the loss of the Massachusetts, New York, Idaho______77 Nevada, Missouri, North Dakota, Rhode What we now need, and what we cannot Lexington; ·witt Hancock, of the Associ­ Island______74 escape is a practical program for the Nation­ ated Press; and H. L. Percy and William Nebraska______73 wide distribution-as far as possible in the McDougal, of the United Press, lost in New Jersey, Colorado______72 hands of rrivate investors-of at least five t imes as many War bonds as are now being Java and Africa. There are many more. South Dakota------~------71 These boys risk their lives while serv­ Montana, Minnesota______70 sub;.:;cribed. The unliquidated problem is not ing with the Army or Navy, and it is only Ohio, Wisconsin______69 more taxes but more bonds. fitting that they be made eligible to war­ ~ansas______68 VOLUNTEERS FOR OVERSEAS .SERVICE rislt: insurance. Iowa, Washington, New Mexico______67 Vermont, Pennsylvania______66 FROM NEW HAMPSHIRE TRUC~ OWN­ In connection with these remarks, I Michigan ______----- 64 ERS' ASSOCIATION introduce a bill relative to the extension California______61 . Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, I ask to of the privilege which I have been dis­ Oregon______60 have printed in the RECORD at this point cussing. KentuckY------59 The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill in­ Maine, New Hampshire______57 a brief article from the Manchester troduced by the Senator from North P.u·izona______54 (N. H.) Union Leader telling of the vol­ Carolina will be appropriately referred. Maryland------53 unteering within 24 hours of 27 men as Oklahoma------·----- 49 drivers, mechanics, and dispatchers to The bill (S. 28S6) extending the pro­ North Carolina______43 serve as members of 1 of the 2 truck visions of the National Service Life Insur­ Texas------·----- 28 Florida______27 regiments organized by the American ance Act of 1940 to American war corre­ Trucking Associations for immediate spondents was read twice by its title and Tennessee, Louisiana______24 referred to the Committee on Finance. Virginia______19 service overseas on a vital mission. The Alabama______18 article demonstrates that the spirit DEPENDENTS OF FRANK EDWARD DACE- Georgia, Arkansas______15 which animated the patriots at Lexing­ AMENDMENT Mississippi, South Carolina______12 ton and Concord is still alive in the Mr. HILL (for Mr. DOWNEY) submitted Figures for 1936 used only for those States hearts of the men of New Hampshire. an amendment in the nature of a sub­ which held no senatorial elections in 1940. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ stitute intended to be proposed by Mr. WAR TAXES AND WAR BONDS jection? DowNEY to the bill (S. 2859) for the re­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, There being no objection, the article lief of dependents of Frank Edward Dace, last Monday I made a brief statement was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, which was referred to the Committee on regarding war taxes and War bonds, as follows: Military Affairs and ordered to be which I ask to have printed at this point printed. ENLIST 27 NEW HAMPSHmE TRUCK DRIVERS FOR in the· RECORD. VITAL OVERSEAS MISSION SENATE ELECTIONS AND THE POLL TAX There being no objection, the state­ The war council of the New Hampshire Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I ask ment was ordered to be printed in the Truck Owners' Association recruited within unanimous consent to have printed in RECORD, as follows: 24 hours a total of 27 drivers, mechanics, and the RECORD a short statement which was I seriously doubt whether taxes should dispatchers throughout the State to serve submitted in evidence before the Senate again be increased in 1943, as the Treasury as members of 1 of the 2 truck regiments Special Committee on the Poll Tax show­ seems to contemplate. The country should organized by the American Trucking Associa­ have a year in which to adjust itself to the tions for immediate service overseas on a vital ing the 48 States, in descending order by latest tax bill. 'fhese new taxes already ap­ mission. percentage of potential voting popula­ proach the danger line so far as ordinary Immediately after being notified by the na­ tion, voting in the 1940 and the 1936 sen­ corporate existence is concerned just as they tional association that the Army had called atorial elections. also drive close to the subsistence line for for volunteers, the State organization com­ There being no objection, the state­ mlllions of our people. It seems to me that municated with all sections of the State and ment was ordered to be printed in the the prime consideration now to be borne in within a . day had raised the quota set for RECORD, as follows: mind is that our major fiscal problem, in re­ .New Hampshire, according to A. J. Staby, spect to the war, ts that of successfully secretary and general manager 1n New SENATE ELECTIONS AND THE POLL TAX financing the enormous and inevitable defi­ Hampshire. One vote for Senator in a poll-tax State is cits which will be left after every possible The State men will be activated about worth more than 3 votes in a non-poll-tax dollar of new tax revenue has been collected, November 20. State. In my State of Kansas, for example, For example, after this last tax bill raises about 68 percent of the potential voting pop­ eight billions of new revenue, there still re­ OVER 4,000 VOLUNTEER ulation votes in Senate elections. In the mains a deficit of fifty billions for this same Immediately following the national asso­ poll-tax State of Alabama, 18 percent of the fiscal year. Next year's deficit will be sub­ ciation's announcement of the drive, more potential voting population votes. stantially larger. than 4,000 volunteers were listed. In the senatorial elections of 1940 and 1936 Adequate and prudent methods for the The New Hampshire list was gathered by there was no State among the 8 which main­ Nation-wide absorption of these bonds on a the war council committee of four-Dana L. tain the poll-tax restriction of the suffrage­ noninflationary basis is our next great prob­ Clark, of Nashua; J. E. Faltin, Aime V. Plante, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, lem. It involves 10 times as much money as and Clark Jones, all of Manchester. Vernice South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Vir­ could possibly be squeezed out of the Ameri­ W. Law, of Nashua, is president of the State ginia-in which as many as 29 percent of the can hide in the form of new taxes superim­ association. potential voting population voted. In the posed upon those already voted. Certainly The Granite State volunteers are: 40 non-poll-tax States, 67 percent of the po­ it requires the maintenance of American Ralph D. Bailey, Manchester; Euripides tential voting population voted. In Indiana, business as a going concern to carry this Koyladen, Gaffs Falls; Vaughn Goss, Man­ Illinois, Utah, Idaho, West Virginia, Connecti­ load, and we are already warned by the War chester; Loufs N. Cote, Nashua; Lionel Theri­ "cut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and New York, Production Board that we have already gone ault, Nashua; James V. Cochrane, Antom; more than 75 percent of the potential voters to the tax limit for sustaining a healthy na­ Henry Woods, Epping; Edmund J. Schneider, voted. Of all of the. non-poll-tax States only tional economy. Certainly it requires us to Rochester; John Byrnes, Somerville; Maurice , 1n the 3 which have only rece1?-tlY abolished leave the individual taxpayer with some sort Smith, Lisbon; Clifton Dexter, Lisbon~ the poll tax-North Carolina, Florida, and of a margin with which to face these other Charles Carpenter, Littleton. · 8772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 Wilfred Dumont, Haverhill; Stanley Payne, of Mr. Guy Thompson, trustee of the road, the are directly competitive because ot their Keene; Frederic Beauchesne, Keene; John extravagantly huge cash balance of nearly geographical location, and all of them are Fountain, West Swanzey; George W. Gowen, $70,000,000, while the interest continues to indirectly competitive because of their Portsmouth; Silvio Cote, Nashua; Edias D. accumulate on the railroad's bank loans, through rates and joint through-rate ar­ Benoit, Manchester; Walton Easton, East Railroad Credit Corporation advances, Recon­ rangements. Rochester; John McKenna, Dover; John L. struction Finance Corporation loan, and the (3) In certain cases, for example, the Mis­ Butkiewicz, Claremont; Donald G. Worden, like, to the detriment of the estate. If this souri Pacific, the Soo Line, the Milwaukee, Goffstown; Harold W. Parker, Manchester; Raconstruction Finance Corporation loan and the North Western, their stockholdings Purnell Wallace, Rochester; Richard Crosby, we\'e paid off, the United States Government alone would pres·rmably not give them work­ Laconia; and Charles Lowell, Laconia. would immediately receive something in the ing control of these railroads and accordingly neighborhood of $28,000,000 cash which could the reactionary device of a voting trust is REORGANIZATION OF THE MISSOURI obviously promptly be put to use, directly or injected into the plan and Intersta ~ e Com­ PACIFIC RAILROAD indirectly, in furtherance of the war program. merce Commission sanction obtained there­ Mr. TRUMAN. Mr. President, I ask Payment of this Reconstruction Finance Cor­ of. The plans provide that suffl.cien t voting unanimous consent to have printed in poration debt at this time would produce stock will be deposited under the voting savings to the debtor's estate of many mil­ trust whereby to obtain effective control over the body of the RECORD a letter from the lbns of dollars. Yet this payment is being the management of the roads. Provision is executive committee in charge of the re­ opposed by the financial institutional group also made in the plan, approved by the organization of the Missouri Pacific Rail­ sponsoring the pending reorganization plan Interstate Comrr..erce Commission, that a ma­ road, which has real bearing on the re­ and (we are informed) by the trustee, in the jority of the voting trustees shall be named organization of that great railroad sys­ reorganization proceedings. by the "protbctive" or "reorganization" com­ tem. I should like to have the letter Similarly, last June when we urged that mittees which are dominated by this .same printed as a part of my remarks. action be taken with respect to certain under­ interlocking institutional clique. There being no objection, the letter was lying bonds which would effect substantial Thus, voting control over such highly com­ savings to the trust estate, this same group pet1tive roads as the Milwaukee & North ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as and Mr. Thompson effectively blocked this Western will emerge under the present reor­ follows: step. ganization plans in the common hands of MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD Co., Since from the viewpoint of the interests the self-same "galaxy of stars" to whom Sen­ New York, N. Y., October 23, 1942. of the bona fide investors in Missouri Pacific ator WHEELER referred in 1939. The Honorable HARRY S. TRUMAN, securities, and from the vi.ewpoint of the (4) In the Missouri Pacific case the Sted­ United States Senate Office Building, public interest in making cash otherwise idle man "protective" committee -not only wrote Washington, D. C. in the banks available for Government pur­ into the plan that tlti~ 68me institutional DEAR SENATOR TRUMAN: On the floor of the poses, the repayment of this Reconstruction group would name- three out or the five vot­ Senate earlier this month, you and Senator Finance Corporation loan at this time out of ing trustees, but also wrote into the plan WHEELER referred to interference in the the huge cash balance on hand is so obviously that it would name 9 of the original 15 plan of reorganization of the Missouri Pacific desirable, the question arises: Why is this directors of the road. Railroad Co. There is interference in that institutional financial group thus interfering The records indicate that this group reorganization. It threatens consequences of in the Missouri Pacific reorganization? I in­ actually owns less than 10 percent of the much greater gravity and national conse­ vite your attention to certain facts from outstanding securities of the Missouri Pacific quences than those mentioned by you or Sen­ which the motives directing this interference Railrcad Co. ator WHEELER. That interference, however, become clear. It is the interference of this group in the is not the interference of any speculators 2. Current reorganization proceedings are Missouri Pacific reorganization that obstructs . (for whom I have no sympathy) but is inter­ being utilized to vest control of a number of reorganization and the accomplishment of ference by a closely knit group of financial major rail systems in a closely knit financial legitimate savings to the tens of thousands institutions--life-insurance companies and group. of smaller investors. banks--who are seeking to obtain control of Analysis of pending reorganization plans 3. The Missouri Pacific reorganization the reorganized Missouri Pacific and in so sponsored by protective committees repre­ threatens a large-scale destruction of bona doing threaten: sentative of this closely knit group of lif.e­ fide investment values in Interstate Com­ (1) To withhold many millions of dollars insurance companies and banks shows that merce Commission approved rail securities, in cash which should immediately be paid the reorganized companies will emerge under without financial justification. to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in the actual control and domination of these Senator TRUMAN, as Senator from the State liquidation of debt, thereby becoming avail­ very same financial institutions. This, of where this railroad is domiciled, I respect­ able to the furtherance of the war program; course, is subversive of the established con­ fully urge you to examine the pending plan and gressional policy urged notably by Senator of reorganization for the Missouri Pacific (2) By an ingenious utilization of current WHEELER and Commissioner Splawn and Railroad-a plan sponsored by the insurance rail reorganization procedure, to acquire con­ crystallized in the enactment in 1942 of the companies with their banking associates and trol of a numbar of now competitive major present section 5 of the Interstate Commerce approved by the Interstate Commerce Com­ rail systems in the hands of this same closely Act and its amendment in 1940. Color of mission. Look first at the interests which knit group of financial institutions; and legality to the creation of this threatened compose Mr. John W. Stedman's first andre­ ( 3) A large-scale destruction of bona fide new colossus of American rail control is af­ funding bond protective committee. Look at investment values in rail securities without forded, however, by the Interstate Commerce pages 20 and 25 of the plan (Finance Docket financial justification. Commission's separate approval of the va­ No. 9918) to see the provisions giving this I am sure that you would not wish misim­ rious plans of reorganization. We cannot financial group ironclad control of the re­ pressions on a matter of such national im­ believe that in approving these separate plans organized company. Then see what the plan portance to remain in the minds of your as­ the Commission is aware of the facts and proposes to do to the investor in all of the sociates in the Senate either as a result of interlocking interests which threaten this bond issues junior to the issue represented remarks made or omissions to state material major disaster to the principles sought to be by Mr. Stedman's committee. No better illus­ facts pertinent to the reorganization of this implemented by Congress in its enactment tration could be given of the price that the railroad. Accordingly, I respectfully invite of its rail-control policy. bona fide investor is called upon to pay in your attention to the salient facts of the The procedure common to many of the order that this financial institutiotlal group situation. current rail reorganizations emerges with may add the control of another railroad to 1. The interference in the Missouri Pacific clarity upon analysis of the interests repre­ its collection. reorganization of a group of life-insurance sented on the dominant "protective" and This plan, although overwhelmingly voted companies and banks threatens to withhold "reorganization" committees and the devices down by six classes of security holders, would many millions of dollars which should imme­ of control injected by them into the respec­ force junior bondholders to accept a minority diately be paid to the United States Govern­ tive reorganization plans. It may be sum­ interest in the common stock of the new ment in liquidation of debt. marized in the following steps: company on a basis that defies any method A closely knit group of life-insurance com­ (1) The mutual institutions (insurance of justification. The old preferred and com­ panies and banks is effectively obstructing companies and savings banks) are prohibited mon stocks are declared worthless. This the accomplishment of a number of construc­ by State laws from buying votin g stocks. ingenious plan also provides for certain sacri­ tive steps proposed in the Missouri Pacific This provision is lawfully circumvented, how­ fices on the part of senior bondholders. May reorganization, unnecessarily prolonging the ever, by their agreeing to the translation of I point out tliat it is absolutely unnecessary reorganization of that railroad. their lawfully acquired rail bonds into voting for senior bondholders to sacrifice their po­ A glaring (and current) example is this: stocks in reorganization proceedings. sition of lien in any plan of reorganization • On October 30, 1942, we will move before (2) In some instances (not including the for the Missouri Pacific. Nor does this as­ Judge George H. Moore of the United States Missouri Pacific, North Western, or Milwau­ sertion comprehend the reorganization of the district court in St. Louis, that the trustee kee) the holdings of this closely knit group company on the basis of wartime earnings. of the Missouri Pacific be directed to pay in of financial institutions through new voting We are more realistic than that, Senator. full the principal of a Reconstruction Finance stocks emerging from the reorganization However, neither do we believe the company Corporation. loan of $23,134,800, together with plans, will give them working control of the should be reorganized on the basis of "dust certain interest. There is now in the custody railroads involved. Some of these railroads bowl" earnings in order that insurance-com- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8773 pany bond holdings shall be translated into the rigors of a tax bill the Securities and Ex­ greatly needed raw material in the war effort, voting stocks. change Commission be asked for its recom­ has ever grown cotton or bad any experience Surely you believe that the bondholders mendations as to legislation to be acted upon in solving the industry's problems. In their should share in the tremendously improved a~ter full study of the various aspects of the lack of knowledge of the industry they are present financial condition of the road. Cash problem? a~tempting to enforce upon it conditions is now close to $70,000,000 and increasing at 1 Senator, your interest in the Missouri Pa­ that not only are wholly unworkable but the rate of more than $6,000,000 per month. cific Railroad is naturally great. Due to the which have a doubtful purpose as their ba­ This monthly increment is probably in ex­ pressure of legislation relating to the war, sis. They insist upon doing this in spite of cess of the entire cash in the road's treasury however, it would be astonishing if you were the fact that here in Arizona going to ruin when the Interstate Commerce Commission fully conversant with the ingenious and sub­ are many thousands of badly needed para- . approved the sale of the company's original versive pressures that are going on in that chutes in the raw-vehicles of safety, which, securities to the public. We should think reorganization. Owing to the national im­ unless made, will cost the lives of many hun­ that the Commission would· be gratified to portance and grave implications of this dreds of young men who are bravely battling find the Missouri Pacific fulfll11ng the Com­ matter and its extreme urgency, I am taking a foe Which threatens the freedom of all mission's original prophecy of earnings for the liberty of sending a copy of th ~ .s letter to Americans. the bonds, instead of approving the destruc­ other Senators. I am sure you will have no Except for the definite promise that la-bor tion. of the investment of innocent bond­ objection. would be forthcoming if acreage were dou­ holders in securities whose issuance the Com­ Respectfully yours, bled, cotton farmers of Arizona would have mission approved. J. C. DAVIS, grown their usual crop of long-staple cotton, Dr. Splawn, of the Interstrte Commerce Chairman, Executive Committee, recognizing before it was planted there would Commission, in his letter to Senator WHEELER, Missouri Pacific Railroad Co. be difficulty in picking even a crop of the pointed out: "One of the prime purposes of DIFFICULTIES OF ARIZONA COTTON usual size. They were very reluctant to in­ reorganization, both under section 77 and in FARMERS crease the- acreage. It required a campaign equi~y. is the preservation of the interests of several weeks to induce them to do so. of the security holders entitled to share in Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, last Patriotically they arose to the occasion and the estate." Monday, November 9, I discussed briefly put in the crop demanded, relying on the 4. No speculators are currently interfering th.e ultimatum of the Honorable Claude promise, which now appears to have been in the Missouri Pacific Railroad reorganiza­ Wickard, Secretary of Agriculture, and misrepresented, that no difficulty would be tion. experienced in obtaining labor. For their pa­ the Honorable Paul McNutt, Chairman triotism, the cotton growers of the State are When Senator WHEELER (committee report, of the Federal Manpower Commission, to p. 8304) was criticizing the bringing of pres­ now being browbeaten in an effort to obtain sure m reorganizations by "speculators who the cotton pickers of my State. I now impossible contracts of which they knew are buying up railroad securities," you stated ask unanimous consent to have printed nothing when they were being solicited ear­ "that very thing is happening now in the in the body of the RECORD an editorial lier in the vear. case of the Missouri Pacific reorganization," from the Arizona Republic of November 7 Having risen to the bait of promises which and went on to say that Alleghany Corpora­ entitled "Responsibility for Saving Cot­ at the eleventh hour of fulfillment appears tion was interfering in that reorganization. ton Crop Rests on Those Who Mis5\ated to have ·been camouflaged, cotton farmers Your impression that Alleghany Corporation now are charged with the responsibility by Facts," which treats of the same subject. bigh·Government officials of saving the crop, is a speculator in the securities of Missouri There being no objection, the editorial Pacific is ;not true. Alleghany Corporation when in reality the responsibility rests invested more than $100,000,000 in the pur­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, squarely and flrml~ upon the shoulders of chase of Missouri Pacific securities, which as follows: those who failed to state the eventual facts were issued with the approval of the Inter­ [From the Arizona Republic of November 7, during the month-long campaign to in­ state Commerce Commission-all several 1942] . crease the cotton acreage last sprir_g. years prior to the initiation of bankruptcy Cotton picking is not the type of a job RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAVING COTTON CROP RESTS that can be carried on under the kind of proceedings in 1933. Official records on file ON THOSE WHO MISSTATED .FACTS with the Securities and Exchange Commis­ contract guaranty which it is now demanded sion disclose that Alleghany Corporation has The acute situation in which cotton farm­ that the cotton farmers sign before labor not purchased a single security in the Mis­ ers of Arizona now find themselves, and will be imported by the Manpower Commis­ souri Pacific or any other railroad or .public which has brought a wholly unnecessary ulti­ sion into the State to pick the cotton. Every utility in bankruptcy proceedings. The matum from Claude Wickard, Secretary of person familiar with cotton picking is well many thousands of holders of bonds of Alle­ Agriculture, and Paul V. McNutt, Chairman aware of that fact. It also is quite obvious ghany Corporation, to secure which Alleghany of the War Manpower Commission, is neither to those who know the cotton industry that Corporation's bona fide investments in Mis­ of their own making or of their choosing. contract guaranties would create a never· souri Pacific are pledged, cannot fairly be The State's cotton growers are victims of that ending controversy. The vital thing that characterized as "speculators"-nor can their type of inefficiency and lack of essential should be uppermost is to get the Stll.te's debtor corporation-however great the sins knowledge on the part of some who are at· long-staple cotton crop picked before it is of the original promoters in selling them tempting to direct certain phases of the war ruined without starting a revolution in the their securities at investment prices. effort that is slowing down the Nation's war entire cotton industry of the Nation. prosecution and delaying the victory. They ·We are entirely sympathetic to any curb ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT AT on speculation whether it be in the bonds of are being ground between the millstones for that reason as are men in many other in­ THE CONGRESS OF AMERICAN-SOVIET reorganized rails or in steels or rubber. Our FRIENDSHIP country is at war, and we have no patience dustries. with speculators or with. speculation. How­ When cotton growers, prior to the planting [Mr. THOMAS of Utah asked and obtained ever, curbing speculation should not be con­ of this crop of long-staple, heeded the urgent leave to have printed in the RECORD an ad­ fused with eliminating the market for what demand of the Government, the Army, and dress entitled "A Tribute to Russia" deliv­ Commissioner Splawn, in his letter to Senator the Navy to double their acreage because the ered by the Vice President at the Congress WHEELER, called "necessitous sellers." We fiber was needed as a substitute for silk in · of American-Soviet Friendship, in New York concur in Commissioner Splawn's desire to the war effort, they. were promised the neces­ City, on November 8, 1942, which appears in protect the legitimate investor who has made sary manpower to plant and harvest the crop. the Appendix.] the construction of our great railway systems Not one word was mentioned by those in au­ thority, and under whose direction the cam­ ARMISTICE DAY SPEECH BY SENATOR possible, whether he rides through the reor­ MAYBANK g~nization period with his investment or paign was carried on to induce the farmers, whether he is compelled by necessity to sacri­ most of them against their better Judgment, (Mr. HILL asked and obtained leave to have fice it for cash during reorganization. We to double their acreage, that an attempt printed in the RECORD an Armistice Day speech believe that the splendid work done by the would be made to inject new social orders delivered by Senator MAYBANK to the Ameri­ Securities and Exchange Commission in re­ into the cotton-growing industry, or that can Legion and citizens at Columbia, S. C., stricting and regulating speculation has been changes in methods of pay for picking which which appe~rs in the Appendix.] one of the most constructive things that has have been in vogue for the past century ever happened in American finance. Yet even would have to be made. The promise was EDITORIAL TRIBUTES To" SENATOR the most liberal members of ·...le Securities and that the necessary manpower would be forth­ NORRIS Exchange Commission recognize the fact that coming . . They now find that it isn't, and [Mr. LUCAS asked and obtained leave to regulation of speculation may at times injure they further learn they have been duped. have printed in the RECORD two editorials the bona fide investor by the destruction of . · Cotton growing was one of the chief in­ from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, one en­ the market for his securities, thereby piling dustries in the Nation for generations. None titled "Senator NoRRIS Is Wrong" and the misery upon misery. If I may respectfully of those who are threatening through ulti­ other entitled "The Grand Old Roman," and venture a suggestion in this regard, would it matums and demands to ruin financially the an editorial from the Springfield State Reg­ not seem preferable that rather than legis­ cotton farmers of Arizona and the Nation, ister, Springfield, Ill., entitled "What? NoR­ lating upon such a complex matter during not to mention deJ>riving the Nation of a RIS, Too?", which appear in the Appendix.) LXXXVIII--553- 8774 CONGRESSIONAL RE . CORD~SENATE NOVEMBER 12· PROGRESSIVES UNITE-ARTICLE BY by Josephus Daniels, editor of the News and such time as a sl;tisfactory replacement can ·SENATOR NORRIS Observer of Raleigh, N. C., which appears in be obtained: Provided, That should any such the Appendix.] person leave sw:h occupation or endea"':or, ex­ · [Mr. TOBEY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the RECORD an article entitled REDUCTION OF DRAFT AGE LIMIT-CON­ cept for induction into the land or naval "Progressives Unite," written by Senator NoR­ forces under this act, his selective service FERENCE REPORT . local board, subject to appeal in accordance Rn3 and published in the New Republic of with section 10 (a) (2), shall reclassify ·~.ll()h s ·eptember 28, 1942, which appears in the Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I sub­ registrant in a class immediately avai,lable Appendix.] mit a conference report on House bill ·7528, the bill to reduce the draft age for military service, unless prior to leaving A PARTNERSHIP DRIVE FOR VICTORY­ limit, and ask for its immediate con- such occupation or endeavor he requests such ADDRESS BY GOV. HAROLD E. STASSEN local board to determine, and such local board, sideration. · subject to appeal in accordance with sec­ [Mr. BALL asked and obtained leave to The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerlt tion 10 (a) (2), determines, that it is in have printed in the RECORD a radio address will read the report. the- best interest of the war effort for him on the subject A Partnership Drive for Vic­ The report was read as follows: to leave such occupation or endeavor for tory delivered by Gov. Harold E. Stassen, of other work.' Minnesota, on Saturday, November 7, 1942, The committee of conference on the dis­ "SEc. 5. Section 3 (a) of such act, as amend­ ~hich appears in the Appendix.] agreeing votes of the two Houses on the ed, is amended by striking_out the period at THE WAR AND LEADERSHIP-ADDRESS BY amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. the end thereof and inserting in lieu thereof R.S.REYNOLDS 7528) to amend the Selective Training and a colon and the following: 'Provided further, Service Act of 1940 by providing for the ex­ That no man, without his consent, shall be (Mr. BARKLEY asked and obtained leave tension of liability, having met, after full inducted for training and service under this to have printed in the RECORD an address on and free conference, have agreed to recom­ act after he has attained the forty-fifth anni­ the subject The War and Leadership deliv­ mend and do recommend to their respective versary of the day of his birth'.'' ered by R. S. Reynolds, president of the Houses as follows: That the House recede And the Senate agree to the same. Reynolds Metal Co., to the Alabama State from its disagreement to the amendment of Chamber of Commerce at Birmingham, Ala., ROBT. R. REYNOLDS, the Senate and agree to the same with an ELBERT D. • THOMAS, on October 15, 1942, which appears in the amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter Appendix.] LISTER HILL, proposed to be inserted by the Senate amend­ WARREN R. AUSTIN, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRA­ ment insert the following: CHAN GURNEY, TION-STATEMENT BY THE DEPART­ "That so much of the first sentence of Managers on the part of the Senate. MENT OF AGRICULTURE section 3 (a) of the Selective Training and A. J. MAY, Service Act of 1940, as amended, as precedes R. E. THOMASON, · (Mr. NORRIS asked and obtained leave the first proviso is hereby amended to read to have printed in the RECORD a statement Dow W. HARTER, as follows: W. G. ANDREWS, from the Department of Agriculture entitled "'SEc. 3. (a) Except as otherwise provided "R. E. A. Systems in Sound Shape for War DEWEY SHORT, in thi~ act, every male citizen of the United Managers on the part of the House. Effort," which. appears in the Appendix.] States, and every other male person residing THE MANPOWER PROBLEM:-STATEMENT in the United States, who is between the The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ BY GRENVILLE CLARK ages of eighteen and forty-five at the time fixed for his registration, shall. be liable for jection to the immediate consideration [Mr. AVSTIN asked and obta~ned leave to· training and service in the land or naval o'f the report? have printed in the REC.ORD remarks of Gren­ forces of the United States.' There being no objection, the Senate ville Clark for the Town Meeting of the Air, "SEc. 2. Section 5 (f) of such act, as proceeded to consider the report. October 29, 1942, on the topic "How Must amended, is hereby amended to read as fol- Mr. GURNEY obtained the floor. We Change Our Manpower Methods to Win lows: . Mr. GEORGE. Does the Senator from the War?" which appears i~ the Appendix.] " • (f) Any person eighteen or nineteen years of age who, while pursuing a course · of in· South Dakota intend to explain the con- DEFENSE OF· THE CONGRESS-ARTICLE ference report? . .· BY T. W. MERRYMAN struction at a high school or similar institu­ tion of learning, is ordered to report for in­ · Mr. GURNEY. I intend to give an ex­ (Mr. GEORGE asked and obtained leave duction under . this act during the last half planation at this time of the action of to have printed in the RECORD an editorial of the academic year at such school or in­ the. conferees. entitled "In Defense of the Congress of the stitution, shall, upon his request, have his United States," written by T. W. Merryman, induction under this act postponed until the Mr. President, the conference report president of the National Association of end of such academic year.' is in the nature of an amendment to the Master Plumbers, which appears in the Ap­ "SEc. 3. Section ·15 (a) of such act, as National Selective Training and Service pendix.) amended, is hereby amended to read as fol· Act of 1940. Tbe conferees met Monday WARTIME CAR USE-STATEMENT BY lows: · afternoon for about 3 hours, and again "'(a) The term "between the ages of eight-· RUSSELL E. SINGER Tuesday 'morning for another 2 hours. een and forty-five" shall refer to men w~o I believe the conferees have given thor­ [Mr. BURTON asked and obtained leave to have attained the eighteenth ·anniver;sary of ough consideration to every phase of have printed in the RECORD a radio interview the day of their _birth and who have not at­ with Russell E. Singer, general manager of. tained the forty-fifth anniversary of the day the bill as it passed the House and as it the American Automobile Association, on of their birth; and other terms designating passed the Senate. The report is filed Wednesday, November 4, 1942, which appears different age groups shall be construed in a with the unanimous. consent and signa­ in the Appendix.] similar manner.' tures of all the conferees. "SEc. 4. Section 5 of such act, as amended, P. W. A. AND NATIONAL DEFENSE The l..ill, as it passed the House, and is amended by adding a~ the end thereof the the Senate amendment, sections 1 and 3, [Mr. MAYBANK asked and obtained leave_ following new subsections: to have printed in the RECORD an editorial . " • (i) Notwithstanding any other provisions provided for extending the liability for from the Washington Evening · Star entitled of law, no· person between the ages of eight­ training and service under thc.. Selective "P. W. A. and National Defense" which ap­ een and twenty-one shall be discharged from Training and Service Act of 1940 to regis­ pears in the Appendix.] service in the land or naval forces of the trants of 18 and 19 years of age. The THE RECORD OF JOSEPH LEIB United States while this act is in effect be­ conference agreement makes no change cause such person entered such service with­ in that respect. I may call to the atten­ [Mr. BRIDGES asked and obtained leave to out ·the consent of his parent or guardian. tion of the Senate the fact that the con­ have printed in the RECORD a statement rela­ "'(j) No individual who has been convict­ tive to the record of Joseph Leib, which ap­ ed of any crime . which may not be punished ference report is printed, and there is a pears in the 4ppendix.] by death or by imprisonment for a term ex­ copy on the desk of each Senator. Section 2 of the bill, as passed by the CONDITIONS IN INDIA ceeding one year sh~ll, by reason solely of such conviction, be relieved from liability for · House, provided that, upon their request, (Mr. REYNOLDS asked and obtained leave tJ;aining and service under this act. certain registrants who were in attend­ to have printed in the RECORD an article, an " '{k) Every registrant found by· a selective ance at high. schools, colleges, or univer­ editorial, and a ietter relating to conditions service local board, subject to appeal in ac­ sities during the academic year 1942-43 in India, which appear in the Appendix.) cordance with section 10 (a) (2), to be neces- · sary to. and reg'l;llarly engaged. in an agricul­ might be · deferred from training and J;ESSON FROM THE.. ELECTION tural occupation. or endeavor essential to. to · service in the land and ·naval forces until : [Mr. REYNOLDS aske~ and obtained leave the war effort, shallr be deterred-.from training. , :the end .. of such acadamic year, r but in . to h~v~ pr~n~e~ in. ~he - RECO!tD an.' ~

/ 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8779 country which commandeers his service? Congress, I say, is today about to "freeze" affirmative, namely, that the conference No. All we do is to freeze him in the the first class of laborers to their jobs. report be agreed to. If .the report were noncontributory position in which he I wonder, Mr. President, if Senators rejected, it would then be in order to may happen to be found. would not rather the matter be further make a motion for a further conference Mjnd you, Mr. _President, I said that considered than that that most signifi­ and to instruct the conferees. two-thirds of the agricultu,ral workers of cant step be taken by the Congress at this Mr. PEPPER. Then it would be_ap­ Ame;rica ·are so situated as to be able to time when all these efforts are underway propriate for the Senate, if it should contribute only one-third of the Nation's to find a solution of this problem? choose to do so, to d~signate conferees dollar· value Qf agricultural produce. So Here in the Senate itself the Commit­ and direct them to participate in· a fur­ we are, ·relatively speaking, freezing tee on Education and Labor has been ther conference and request a conference two-thirds of the manpower engaged considering the problem and has had on the part of the House of Representa­ upon the farms in the place where they hearings for several weeks, and, by the tives? are not serving to their maximum ca­ Truman committee a report has today The PRESIDING OFFICER. Such a pacity. Sometimes it is due to the soil been filed or will be filed. A subcom­ motion would be in order after a motion upon which they work being poor; again mittee of the Truman committee, headed to ask for a further conference were it is due to the inadequacy of eqUipment by the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. agreed to and before the conferees were because of lack of capital; sometimes it is KILGORE], is studying the manpower appointed. A motion would then be in due to bad management or it may be due problem. The Military Affairs Commit­ order to instruct the Senate conferees. to one of many causes, but the fact is that tee has several bills pertaining to the Mr. PEPPER. In view of the state­ agricultural labor, in too many,cases, is problem before it, an.d it, too, has had ment of the parliamentary situation bY not now being given its maximum op­ several hearings. So at least two regular the Chair, I will not be in a position to portunity to serve its country in the pro­ committees and one special committee of make any affirmative motion. I wish to duction of essential agricultural com­ the s~mate are considering this difficult say, however, that, upon that sole ground modities. problem and trying to find a solution. alone, I shall vote against the adoption I realize that at this stage of the con­ Then here a week or more ago, a Sen- · of the conference report. I hope the sideration of this· measure the Senate is a tor rises on the :floor. and· offers this conference report will not be adopted not going to be disposed to send it back agricultural deferment freezing amend­ and that the Senate immediately after to conference or change its attitude ex­ ment. It is adopted on the floor. It is its failure to adopt it; should it fail to hibited in the past, but I felt that some slightly modified in conference. We adopt it, will then take the necessary comment might be appropriate to the adopt it, if we do what it is recommended steps to call a further conference with Senate and some suggestion might be we shall do here today on the floor, with­ the managers on the part of the House made that we are simply "fteezing" mal­ out any consideration whatever of the and give instructions to, the Senate con­ adjustment into permanence when we question of adequately solving this prob­ ferees that this provision either be de­ adopt a provision of this sort. I am sure lem without any coercion upon any class. leted or that it be further considered bY that we want to be fair to the country of our people. the conferees. as a whole that requires adequacy of So, Mr. President, while I favor draft­ planning and effectiveness of administra­ ing boys 18 and 19 years of age, and I ADDITIONAL REPORT OF SPECIAL COM­ tion in respect to this difficult subject; I favor the other features of the confer­ MITTEE INVESTIGATING THE NATIONAL am sure we want to be fair to every man; ence report, I very strenuously disagree DEFENSE PROGRAM-MANPOWER (PT. but the Senate, when it adopts this con­ with this provision relative to freezing 11 OF REPT. NO. 480) ference· report today, will have frozen the agricultural labor in a way that does Mr. KILGORE . . Mr. President, with first class of workers to their jobs. That not meet the needs of the Nation, in a reference to the remarks just made by is a serious thing, Mr. President. Re­ way that is unfair and unjust and dis­ the able Senator from Florida [Mr. PEP­ member we are not freezing the pro­ criminatory to men who are the victims PER], I think that this is an opportune prietors on their farms; we are freezing of this legislative mismanagement of the time to render to the Senate a report essentially the employees who work for problem which already has been so sadly prepared by the Committee to Investi­ profit for men engaged in privat~ e.nter­ dealt with by our Nation, though at war. gate Defense Contracts. In submitting prise. If it is fair for the farmer, IS I.t ~ot Therefore, Mr. President, I move that the report to the Senate, I have a few fair for the factory? Would we be Willing the Senate disagree to the conference comments I desire to make before I place to adopt it now as a national policy?" report, for the purpose of instructing the the report before this body. In the last few days the Labor Manage­ conferees further to consider the provi­ Several weeks ago a subcommittee was ment Committee of the War Manpower sion I have just read, which is paragraph designated by the committee to study the Commission has made a report .to the (k) of section 4, set out on page 2 of the manpower problem. That subcommit­ President which has attracted national conference report. tee, finding that open hearings would not attention. It considers this problem to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LA get the best information, held executive be soluble on a basis of voluntary coop­ FoLLETTE in the chair) . The Chair will hearings in order that all information eration by the workers. The President state the first motion of the Senator is might be made available. At the conclu­ himself has indicated that it was prema­ not in order, since the question is stated sion of those executive hearings a full ture. to consider the compulsion of man­ in the affirmative. The objective sought and detailed .report, with supporting power. Day after day Mr. William Green, by the Senator can be achieved by a data, was rendered to the full commit­ president of the American Federation of majority of the Senate voting in the tee. The full committee directed that Labor; Mr. Philip Murray, president of negative. information and supporting data of a the Congress of Industrial Organizations; As to the Senator's second motion, the strategic and confidential nature be Mr. Luhrsen, of the ·railway executives, · Chair will state that tht. House already stricken from the report to be rendered the heads of manY of the principal unions has adopted the report and the conferees of the Railway Brotherhoods, the heads to the Senate, and that the remainder of of the House have been discharged. the report be submitted. of most of the C. I. 0. unions, the head of Therefore, the motion would not be in the machinist union, and the head of the I should like to point out a few high electrical workers' union have come be­ order. lights of the report before filing it. fore our committee, and have pleaded for Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, a parlia­ In the first place, the War Manpower the privilege of cooperation and not to mentary inquiry. Commission was created by Executive be made the victim of compulsion by a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The order on April 18 of this year, with the national manpower policy which misun­ Senator will state it. Federal Security Administrator as Chair­ derstood the nature and the difficulty of Mr. PEPPEB. The proper motion, man. Its task, as set forth in the order, the problem. then, would be that the Senate disagree was to- to the conference report. Now the Congress, in the face of all Formulate plans and programs and estab­ those recommendations, in the face of The PRESIDING OFFICER. No. The lish basic national policies to assure the most the sentiment of the people of this coun­ Senator's objective, if he desires a re­ effective mobilization and maximum utiliza­ try, who want more intelligent and effi­ jection of the report, would· be attained tion of manpower in the ·prosecution of the cient administration and less cover-up should a majority of the Senate vote war; and issue such policy and operating bungling by coercive legislation-the against the motion which is stated in the directives as may be necessary thereto. 8780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 The President and the Congress ex­ be taken for the armed services. A sec­ are any fundamental adjustments which pected and believed that the War Man­ ond is the amount of war production, will have to be made. power Commission would complete its and the manpower required to produce The . subcommittee has two main basic studies within a few months and it, needed both to equip and supply our recommendations to make: that on the basis thereof it would for- . own forces, and to meet our commitments 1. In order to assure a. sound basic ap­ mulate, at least, tentatively, the policies to our allies. The third variable is the proach to the problem, the Subcommittee on which its studies indicated should be es­ volume of manpower required to supply Manpower recommends that military man­ tablished and would-make recommenda­ essential civilian needs. The SUbcom­ power and war production plans be balanced tions designed to effectuate such policies. mittee on Manpower believes that the against our over-all manpower resources, that a single head be made responsible for the That was 7 months ago. The studies are third variable can and should be cut manpower program and that this director incomplete, and no basic national man­ down as far as is necessary to win the know and have a voice in final determina­ power policy or program has been for- war, and that there is still considerable tion of military and war production man­ mulated. - conversion slack in this item. power demands. The public knows there is a m::mpower But even if we begin by stripping our 2. In order to assure t..:.at withdrawals of problem, for every time one tries to hire civilian economy to the bone, it is ap­ men from industry for the armed forces will a man he discovers its existence. We are parent that the other two factors, mili­ be made in orderly fashion and will result· tary manpower and military production, in the least injury to essential production, sometimes prone to criticize the public the Subcommittee on Manpower recommend: and nongovernmental agencies for the must be adjusted to fit our maximum· A. That all recruiting by the armed services existence of that manpower problem. potential manpower. Otherwise, we are be stopped immediately. Volunteeril!t.; should The formulation of such a policy is­ in' danger of recruiting a huge fighting be permitted, but only with the approval of basic, and until it is formulated and tried force and then finding that we have· cut Selective . Service and local manpower com­ out, it will be impossible to determine down industry manpower so much that mittees. The Selective Service System and what if any legislation is necessary to it cannot produce equipment and sup­ manpower agency should fix the date when a plies needed by that fighting force. volunteer is called to active duty dependent effectuate it. Consequently, although the on the length of time it will take to replace investigation being made by the subcom­ This means, first, that our general staff the volunteer at his work, in those instances mittee on manpower is not complete, and must check its war strategy plans, inso­ where the volunteer's immediate severance will continue, the subcommittee on man­ far as manpower and production require­ from his work would disrupt production. The power has rendered its report. The sub­ ments are concerned, against our total Subcommittee on Manpower has been told of committee is convinced that once a defi­ manpower resources to make sure that an numerous instances where unrestricte. re­ nite and clear-cut manpower policy efficient balance is achieved; and second, cruiting has seriously disrupted production. which makes sense is announced to the that the official or agency responsible for The withdrawal of several million men from industry in the next year can be accomplished public, and the cooperation of manage­ manpower mobilization must have some without extreme damage to production only ment, labor, and'agriculture asked in its voice in and knowledge of these war re­ if the withdrawals are planned carefully and execution, such voluntary cooperation quirements in order to do an effective job. keyed to a training program for replacement will be forthcoming in full measure from To do this we must determine whether workers. That, in turn, can be done only if the overwhelming majority of the public. we are going to fight an offensive or a one agency controls the withdrawals. When and if such voluntary coopera­ defensive war, because the materials Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, will the tion falls short of making such a program needed are different. So far as possible Senator yield? fully effective, then Congress can and we should determine where and when and should provide for such compulsory com­ Mr. KILGORE. I yield. who we are going to fight and adjust our Mr. BURTON. Am I to understand pliance as is necessary, and only in the production accordingly. It is more im­ that the subcommittee itself and the full areas where it is necessary. The real portant' to have the right number of men committee are drawing a sharp distinc­ strength of any program will always rest in the right places equipped and the nec­ tion between the recruiting campaigns on patriotic, voluntary cooperation in essary transport and supplies to maintain making it effective. But it is futile to them there than it is to have huge res­ and enlistments, and am I correct in un­ appeal for that kind of cooperation until ervoirs of men and materials available derstanding that the recommendation is a program is formulated. for an attempt to meet the enemy after that the recruiting campaigns be discon­ It is the conclusion of the Subcommit­ he has chosen the fighting ground and tinued? tee on Manpower that a basic manpower has gained the advantage of the initia­ Mr. KILGORE. Yes. policy cannot be developed without cov­ tive. · Mr. BURTON. 'That individuals be ering the manpower requirements of the Such matters relate to the highest war permitted to enlist if they desire to en­ armed services, as well as those for war strategy, and the strictest possible secrecy list? production and essential civilian work. consistent with providing the men and Mr. KILGORE. The Senator is cor­ The War Manpower Commission has materials should be maintained. We do rect, but that the time of anyone's with­ been handicapped because it has had no not desire to know what such plans are. drawal from industry, if it is an essen­ voice whatever in determining the mili­ I am sure the Congress, and no Mem­ tial industry, be effected at the date when tary manpower requirements or the rate ber of it, desires to know; I am sure the he can be replaced, not to take a keyman at which they shall be met. Nation does not want to know what they out of a factory, even under voluntary enlistment, until another man can be In an all-out war, a world-wide war, are. But it does desire assurance that such plans have in fact been formulated put in his place. such as the one in which we are riow Mr. BURTON. It would put an end to engaged, which is the first one of its kind and that the size of the armed forces high-pressure methods, and would pro­ in which we have ever participated, the and the quantities of war materials have been coordinated with such plans. For vide for enlistments based on the needs Nation becomes an integrated industry. of the individual and of the country? There are really only two efforts. One is instance, the war in the Pacific area Mr. KILGORE. And with the desires the military effort, which includes the would require different equipment from of the individual governed and covered governmental agencies necessary to carry one in the north African area and one in by the needs of the war industry. on the war.· The other is the civilian the Asiatic area would require still differ­ effort, which furnishes the supplies for ent equipment. B. Selective Service and the United States Employment Service should be closely coordi­ carrying on the war, and for the subsist­ We must avoid any attempt to deter­ nated to carry out an effective over-an man­ ence of the civilians. Everything else mine our military requirements solely power policy. Both agencies should be under conies within the luxury class. The two by the number of males of military age control of the manpower agency, nationally, programs, the civilian effort and the who can pass the physical fitness tests regionally, and in local areas. Local man­ military effort, must be completely co­ or our production of the important items power committees, including representatives ordinated, and each must· work with full of war material by the quantity of basic of management, labor, and agriculture·, should be set up to assist in the manpower information of the other. material available for use. The Subcom­ program and to help solve problems by vol­ There are three variables which must mittee on Manpower has examined many untary cooperation wherever possible. Wher­ be adjusted to our over-all manp{)wer re­ of the figures on such matters which have ever possible, they should. be given, subject sources, including potential resources, be­ been made public and some which have to appropriate appeals, the determining voice fore an effective over-all policy can be been furnished to it confidentially for the in how to apply locally the basic national developed. One is the number of men to purpose of determining whether there manp?wer policies. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8781 C. Wherever critical labor shortages de_velop which are least connected with the war effort any additional' overtime wages which are paid in a particular industry, as is now the case to reduce their activities and thereby to re­ should be required to be paid in War bonds in dairy and livestock farming and copper lease labor. cashable only at the end of the war and to mining, the powers of selective service should be used during the war only to pay Federal be used to keep existing workers in these in­ Mr. BALL. Mr. President, will the taxes. Suspending the 40-hour week in non.; dustries. This can be done by a directive to Senator yield? war industries, with the proviso that employ­ local boards to defer those essential to the Mr. KILGORE . . I yield. ers be permitted to pay overtime to the ex­ industry with provision that such deferment Mr. BALL. I am interested in para­ tent paid in 1942, should be studied as a is to be revoked immediately if the men leave graph C, and I believe it can stand possible answer to severe labor shortages in the industry and seek employment elsewhere, underlining. I read from it: our civilian industries. or when replacements are made available. D. Labor hoarding shot;~ld be stopped. Be­ This procedure is now being utilized to meet The Subcommittee on Manpower believes cause of the difficulty of. obtaining labor and the labor problem on ·dairy and livestock that the key to solution of our manpower because in cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts the farms and could be used in other critical problem lies in proper hiring policies rather extra cost is borne by the Government and is situations, both local and national. than in coercive measures applied to the- in• no bar to the practice, many war contractors 3. In order to facilitate the bringing of dividual employee. have employed men weeks and even months four to seven million new workers into the before they had work for them to do. labor force, most of whom must be women, It seems· to me that too much of the the Subcommittee on Manpower recom­ approach, particularly in manpower, too Mr. President, I personally saw a mends: much of our regulation. of industry, has plant with 17,000 men on the pay roll A. All industry training programs should gotten down to the smallest possible unit. and 12,000 workers. If that is not labor be stepped up; unskilled men who are phys- . It seems obvious to me that if we are to hoarding I do not know how it could be ically and otherwise eligible for military serv­ try to handle the manpower problem by described. ice should be excluded from such training­ taking every individual -American, 60,- The practice has been especially prevalent which will require action by the Congress to in the construction field, where in some cases eliminate the limit on National Youth Ad­ 000,000 of them, by the scruff of the neck and putting them where some bureau it .savors of racketeering. This not only ministration training-and all such training wastes manpower, but has an extremely programs should be supervised and controlled decides they belong, we will create a bad effect on public morale, undermining by the manpower agency. manpower problem in Government itself confidence in the whole war effort. The B. Expansion of nursery schools and pro­ which it will be impossible to solve. The Subcommittee on Manpower believes that grams for care of school-age children after number of employees who would be re­ the most practical way to prevent this is for school hours should be expanded rapidly, so quired to handle the job on that kind of the Defense Plant Corporation and the con­ as to make it possible for mothers to take tracting officers in the services to refuse- to jobs in industry. The effect on her husband's basis simply ·are not available. If we are to do the job we must attack it on the allow as reimbursable costs wages paid to dependency status under Selective Service of labor which has not been used effectively. a wife working also should be investigated, broad basis of -seeing that, through We strongly urge such action immediately by and if it is found that this is preventing any proper hiring policies, through cam­ Defense Plant Corporation, the War and substantial number of wo_men from working, paigns to eliminate men in nonessential Navy Departments, Maritime Commission, changes should be made. A public campaign industries and for the replacement of and other governmental agencies. should be conducted to encourage women to men by women. We should do the job E. Insofar as is possible, essential civilian enter industry in large numbers. in that way, rather than by getting down production should be concentrated in those C. An aggressive campaign, through local to the individual citizens. localities where there is large unemployment manpower committees, should be undertaken but which are unsuited for war contracts. to make hiring policies of employers conform Mr. KILGORE. The Senator from New York City is an outstanding example of to manpower policies, and to eliminate hir­ Minnesota is absolutely correct, and I this sort of problem- ing prejudices of all kinds, whether because thank him. The really voluntary and of age, sex, or race. The Subcommittee on democratic approach to the matter is New York City has a gigantic labor pool Manpower believes that the key to solution through the hiring of employees, as the with nothing to do; many other locali­ of our manpower problem lies in proper hir­ Senator has said. ties are in the same shape, while others ing policies rather than in coercive measures The fourth recommendation of the. have been overloaded with war fac­ applied to the · individual employee. There­ tories- fore, if voluntary measures to direct hiring Subcommittee on Manpower is that in into the proper channels fail, the Subcom­ order to increase the productivity of our and the War Production Board has plenty of mittee on Manpower would urge legislation present labor force to the utmost: power, through its control of priorities, to giving the manpower agency authority to make it effective at once. A. A vigorous campaign should be insti­ F. War production expansion should be control hiring by an employer when it found tuted against absenteeism in industry, whtch he was noncooperative,. rather than legisla­ planned so as to utilize or convert existing in some fields is cutting production as much plants to the' maximum possible, and new tion giving the manpower agency greater as 10 percent. This campaign should be tied control over the individual employee. construction should be cut to the limit. in with the two urged above and should J!!very time a new war plant is built, while D. A similar campaign, coordinated with include a strong publicity drive. If necessary that on hiring, should be undertaken to in­ an existing civilian plant is closed down for in some industries, revocation of selective­ lack of orders, the manpower problem is duce employers in nonessential industries, service deferments in cases of chronic particularly trade and service enterprises, to complicated because the new plant requires absenteeism could be used to implement the a shift of workers, creating endless problems reduce their total employment by reducing policy. the services performed and to replace men of housing, schools, and utilities and requir­ with women wherever possible. This could I happen to know that in the coal ing the: wasteful use of scarce materials and be implemented, if necessary, by Selective fields absenteeism is cutting production labor in new construction. Service regulations making deferment of men in most of the mines. It is straight ab­ G. Relief employment on Work Projects . in such industries more difficult regardless of - Administration and similar programs should senteeism, not due to sickness, but due be cut drastically or eliminated entirely. Any dependency status. · to laying off. E. State and Federal regulations which in­ person refusing to accept or continue work terfere with the employment of handicapped B. Conferences should be arranged with la­ on a job he is capable of performing should persons or those receiving public assistance bor and management and local and State be ineligible to receive any kind of relief or should be suspended for the duration. An officials to obtain suspension or revision of work relief. example is the regulation which requires a any work rules, contract provisions, trade H. The full skill and abilities of each complete reinvestigation of a person now re­ practices or usages, or statutory provisions worker should be absorbed. Easy jobs should ceiving old-age assistance if he takes employ~ which act as a curb on production. Examples be reserved for elder men and women. Stu­ ment and later wants again to receive assist­ are some of the extremely short hauls be­ dents on vacation should be employed on sea­ ance. Another example is State insurance tween diviSion points on railroads which sonal jobs, particularly in agriculture, rather and safety laws which make it impossible or under present contracts constitute a full day's than being given permanent jobs for a tem­ prohibitive in cost to an employer to employ work for the train crew, .the limitation of soft porary time. In every instance effort should handicapped persons. If necessary, the Fed­ coal miners to 35 hours per week, and the re­ be made to put the most able workers in the eral Government should assume the extra strictions on most effective utilization o! hardest jobs, providing a maximum of jobs costs involved in employing such persons for l~bor in the construction field in building ta be filled by older women. the duration. Many State laws and regula­ trades contracts, which by minute assignment Mr. President, at this time I ask unani­ tions which prevented obtaining maximum of certain work to certain crafts sometimes transportation on highways already have been requires the services of three or four men to mous consent to file the report. suspended for the duration. d~ a job that one could do more quickly alone. · The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without F. Study should be given to the possibility C. The workweek should be lengthened to objection, the report will be received and of ordering those industries and services at least 48 hours wherever practicable and printed. 8782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 REDUCTION OF DRAFT AGE LIMIT-CON­ Let me go back to one crisp morning in erful to launch a campaign of aggression. FERENCE REPORT November 1921, when I attended a meet­ and terror. The Senate resumed the consideration ing of the great naval powers of the world As the result of the Washington of the report of the committee of con­ in old Continental Hall here in Wash­ Treaty, the United States voluntarily ference on the disagreeing votes of the ington. The big room was filled with sunk a mighty navy. She scrapped more two Houses on the amendment of the black-coated diplomats and admirals and than 842,000 tons of navai v.essels built Senate to the bill Hawaii; I saw this haJl:. . and guard against repeating our former sending. military power _: into -the· -Orient pening, but·'!" could· do nothing but lao].{ mistakes when this bloody war is ovor. ·until Japan herself was sufficienti'y pow- ' futilely on and hope for the best. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8783 In January 1932 Senator Hale of , many had already begun construction of Abruptly America opened Its eyes to Maine, then chairman of the Naval Af­ pocket battleships of the Deutschland the possibility of those :flames sweeping fairs Committee, introduced Senate bill class. even to its own inviolable shores. In 51, authorizing the building up of the The Italian Government announced 1939 Congress pushed forward, at a Navy to the st~ength permitted by the the construction of new battleships. In greatly accelerated pace, the prepared­ Washington and London naval treaties. December, Japan gave formal notice that ness program on land, sea, and air. We This bill passed the Senate on May 6, she would no longer be bound by . the backed, to a man, the President's forceful 1932, but did not become a law, as the London and Washington agreements. declaration conimiting the Nation tc de­ House of Representatives failed to pass it. ·Three months afterward, Germany fend, at any cost, the territory and insti­ While we helped our enernies to build, openly repudiated the disarmament tutions of th~ New World. the Navy of the United States-the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles and The first consideration for the Senate \YOrld's greatest nation-dropped to a served notice that she was beginning to Naval Affairs Committee was to build a poor third place among the world's mari­ construct submarines. Navy commensurate With the demands time powers. Did we see in those small beginnings which it was feared might be imposed· In late 1931 the present World War in the great fieets of undersea raiders which upon it. So immediately after the war which we are now engaged began. This were to send hundreds of American mer­ broke out in Europe Congress passed the war began the day Japan marched into chant ships to the bottom, together with Eleven Percent Expansion Act and the Manchuria that 8eptember. That was the Americans aboard, or the German Seventy Percent Expansion Act. . These the first chapter in the new story of naval power that was to strike at Norway, were followed by five other authorizations world violence and aggression. As a re­ at Britain, and at our own convoys, or providing for a two-ocean Navy and a sult of the Manchuria incident, bills wete· Japan's immense naval power that was modern fieet of 3,750,000 tons. introduced and passed on to both Cham­ to reach its long tentacles as far as Since then, and supplementing this bers of Congress by their Naval Affairs Hawaii and the Aleutians in the eastern vast increase, Congress has passed fur­ Committees to bring the Navy to full Pacific, and was to envelop the Philip­ ther bills authorizing construction of treaty strength. But. the United States pines, the Dutch East Indies, Malaya, more than 3,000,000 additional tons. Of still looked the other way; the bills failed and Burma to the south? Perhaps we the 60,000-plane program for 1942 and to pass. did not grasp these dreadful portents, but the 125,000-plane program for 1943, the I may say in passing that the present we did go hard at work on 24 vessels Navy is receiving a substantial allotment. chairman of the Senate Naval · Affairs under the V'inson plan. At the same time Legislation passed only recently provided Committee, the Senator from Massa­ the Army was authorized to establish an additional sum of almost $4,000,- chusetts [Mr. WALSH], who succeeded air bases on the Aleutian Islands. 000,000 for naval aviation. Thus Con­ Senator Hale as chairman, gave his We made one more pitiful attempt to gress has insured a Navy of almost wholehearted support to the program of salvage something from the ruins of the 7,000,000 tons-a 5-ocean Navy-a Navy naval expansion, and he piloted through Washington Treaty. Late in 1935 a new that Will have adequate ships and the Senate the 20 Percent Expansion naval conference was called in London. planes of every type to secure the over­ Act of 1938, the 11 Percent Expansion Act It met, ironically enough, on December whelming superiority on the sea and of 1940, the Two-Ocean Navy Act of 1940, 7, a day which 6 years later was to· in the air, which must be achieved to and many other recent acts. Today the bring to a disastrous close the hopes of bring about the final and utter downfall authorized strength of our Navy is about the United States for peace by disarma­ of our enemies. five times the treaty strength.· ment. But by December 1935 the peoples of Germany and Italy and Japan had Mr. President, ships alone do not make Returning to my theme, when Senate placed their destiny in the hands of men a Navy, for ships are useless without the bill 51 failed to pass the House, at that drunk with lust for power. bases that furnish them their fuel, their particular time in Germany a fanatrcal The conference was a failure; and the food, and the ammunition with which to Hitler seized power. In Asia Japan con­ aggressor nations continued their plund­ fight. So important are bases that under tinued to absorb Manchuria, heedless of er of the world. Italy turned her military certain circumstances a single base may the· world's futile criticisms, unsupported machine loose against the almost de­ be worth a hundred ships. The United by action. Finally, in the United States fenseless natives of Ethiopia. Germany States recognized this, and recognized its we realized . that we must act and act reoccupied the Rhineland. Germany and own lack of bases all too well. So in swiftly. And we acted. On June 16, 1933, Italy cut their teeth on the war in Spain. 1940, one of the greatest forward steps in the President was authorized to. allot Japan waged war on China proper, and the development of American sea power money for 'the construction of vessels finally the so-called anticomintern pact was taken when we traded to Great Brit­ within the terms of the London Naval was signed, and by it was born the mon­ ain 50 over-age flush-deck World War Treaty. Moving swiftly, we apportioned· strous Axis which was to menace civili­ destroyers in return for a ring of mighty $238,000,000 for the construction of '23 zation itself. bases, stretching from Newfoundland in ships, including 2 aircraft carriers, 4 In March 1938 Japanese fiyers gave us the north to British Guiana in the south. cruisers, 20 destroyers; and 4 submarines. a preview of what was in store for us by In the words of the President, it was an During the next year further steps were bombing and sinking the United States "epochal and far-reaching act of prep­ taken. The Vinson-Trammell Act of gunbpat Panay in the Yangtze River. aration for continental defense in the March 1934 provided for the construction Japan said, "So solly." A year later Ger­ face of grave danger." of other new cruisers and sufficient aux­ man militarism swept over Austria. Those bases have already proved vital iliary ships to bring the Navy to treaty Some of us here within our secure safeguards of our chain of supplies to our strength. Moreover, it gave legal sanc­ borders began to realize that this was all outposts in Iceland and Ireland, and tion to the policy of replacing over-age one war. We began to realize that the to our English and Russian allies. They ships when they became too obsolete to United .States might indeed be in danger, may well prove to be the saviors of be effective. fantastic as such a thought might seem. the Panama Canal and a major aid in But this was no time to rest content So in May 1938 Congress again took ac­ eliminating the submarine menace which with what we had done. Our "friends" tion. It passed a second Vinson Act, has threatened our coastal lifelines. in Europe and Asia were at work in earn­ authorizing a 20-percent increase in the · So far, I have talked mainly of the est now. This, mind you, Mr. President, United States Navy ·and a further in­ Navy because the Navy was the first was in 1934, when we thought our great­ crease in the naval air force by 3,000 consideration, our first line of defense. est dangers were economic perils from planes. I was on the Senate Naval Af­ But at the same time the Navy was grow­ within. We were at peace with Germany, fairs Committee at that time, and it was ing in strength, factories from one end Italy, and Japan. They were our friends. with great gratification that I saw our of the country to the other were being Our Government leaned over backward Navy begin to acquire muscles-fighter's built or converted to the production of to avoid offending them. Yet, secretly, muscles, capable of throwing knockout planes, tanks, and guns for the waging cloaked by America's naive conception punches. , of land warfare on a scale never be­ of international friendshiP-Something Munich came and went. fore conceived in our history. which simply did not exist-these powers Czechoslovakia fell. I have described the battle for Ameri­ were bending every effort to prepare for Finally on September 1, 1939, all Eu- can naval and military supremacy on a mighty war to bring us to defeat. Ger- rope burst into fiames. · land, on sea, and in the air as I have seen 8784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE NOVEMBER 12 it fought and won in the halls of Con­ Some destroyers were lost in the stormy pansion came up we had to consider the gress during the past decade. Atlantic transporting goods to England. rumors of our potential enemy's secret I have reason to remember that bat­ That was all. This was a little back­ , building program. I knew that, magnifi­ tle, for I followed every phase of it per­ yard squabble which we could win with cent as our Navy might be; we could not sonally, from the Washington Disarma­ our left hand. defeat Japan in 2 weel{S or 2 , months, ment Conference in 1921 to the most re­ Then it came. and perhaps not in 2 years. cent arms appropriation. My only hope December 7, 1941. On that day the I knew that because I could see that, is that this intimate personal experience United States of America was hurled by with Pearl Harbor, we had been plunged may help me better to judge the steps an act of perfidious treachery into the into a war for which there was no prece­ · that must be taken in the future. · greatest war the world.. has ever seen-~ dent in all history. This was global · So far I have spoken of a Navy that war not on one ocean, or on two, but on · war-a new concept. 'To land on. the existed largely. as an instrument of na­ the seven seas of the earth; a war not enemy's coasts, against murderous fire­ tional policy. It was conceived by most in one country or on one continent, but the most difficult of all military opera­ people to be a force that was to ride the on all the continents of the globe; a war tions-to fight on every continent and waves, close to American shores, in one which has already cost the United States every island of the world, to win control ocean or the other, and by the mere ex­ Navy more lives than all the previous of those lands and of the air above istence of its ships, planes, and guns, was wars in its history, and which has cost them-this was the Army's responsibil­ to leave Hitler and Yamamoto shaking the United States Army more casual­ ity. To win complete control of every in their' boots. ties-killed, wounded, or missing-than foot of every sea the world around, and · But what of that Navy in action? the total number of American soldiers to control every foot of the skies above What of our ships and men on the high killed in action in World War No. 1. those seas-this was the Navy's responsi­ seas, facing murderous salvos from be­ This was the reply of the peoples we bility. But it was the Navy's responsi­ low the horizon, facing streaking tor­ had trusted. This was the price we paid bility, as well, to see that every man and pedoes from hidden submarines, facing for heeding their solemn entreaties to every scrap of material destined to carry screaming bombs from the death-laden discuss peace. Only then did we of the on the fight on land reached their desti­ skies overhead? What of this Navy, United ·states-believers in human de­ nation safely, and to maintain constant created in the halls of Congress, when cency and the fraternity of man-believe streams of supplies to American outposts it finally came within gun range or plane that 'civilized people could use peace the world around. To build up new range of the Germans and the Japanese? · agreements to build for war. We were bases from trackless jungle, to design Let me take a few moments to trace the still talking peace in the light of amity and rush the · completion of new ships world-shaking events of the first year of . and trust when the Japanese planes by the thousands, to recruit and train the greatest wa:r in which we have ever reared out of the darkness of night to 30,000 pilots and hundreds ·of thousands been engaged. rain death and destruction on 'American of officers and seamen each year, and to · War actually began for the United soil. · protect every inch of the 16,000 miles States on September 4, 1941, when our What viler act can any man commit of coastline of the United States and her destroyer Greer, carrying mail and sup­ than complete degradation of professed possessions-these,, too, were the Navy's plies to Iceland, detected a German sub­ friendship? To.this very hour· the fiends responsibilities. This, indeed, was a task marine lurking ahead in waters vital to are exhibiting the same inhuman treach­ without precedent in the history of war. American defense.. The Greer forged ery they displayed on December 7. Time But, it may be asked, What is the point ahead nevertheless, and when within and time again in the Solomon Islands of talking about responsibilities? The range of the submarine saw two torpe­ they have displayed the white . flag of acid test, the only test, is in actual re­ does streaking toward it. The Greer truce, which has been recognized and sults. How have we come out in the ac­ avoided the two torpedoes and counter­ honored by fighting men since the begin­ tual engagements? Very well, let us attacked with depth charges. From ning of human warfare, and they have count off those engagements. Let us that incident forward the Havy ·was used that flag as a means of drawing mark them up on the scoreboard of his­ ordered to "shoot on sight." American forces into death traps. tory. dn the inky night of October 16, the Vermin capable of such fiendish desecra­ Pearl Harbor: A stunning,' -crushing war was brought home in earnest to the tion of human decency must be extermi­ blow which failed in its prime purpose, Navy. The destroyer Kearny, 11ilsweririg nated from the face of the earth. which was to cripple forever our Pacific a call from a convoy attacked by a pack Mr. President, after that first stunning sea power, but which nevertheless must of U-boats, was torpedoed without warn­ blow, through the bleak and dragging be classed as a tragic defeat. ing at close range. Eleven men lost weeks of December and January and even Macassar Straits: A surprise sortie, in their lives in the explosion, and the en­ into February and March, the Navy was whi.ch a daring force of United States tire ship would have been lost had she the target for endless storms of the most destroyers cut into a huge Japanese con- -· not been ·one of the newest design, with acrimonious criticism-criticism from the voy, sinking-five transports and thtowing compartmentation which kept her afloat man in the street, from the Nation's the escorting warships into complete until she could be repaired. Two weeks press, and even from some Members of confusion before our forces dashed away later to the day the most savage blow of Congress itself. But I think we realize unscathed. all was struck. Steaming alone south now that all that criticism was the re­ The Gilbert and Marshall Islands and west of Iceland, the 21-year-old sult of a great and foolish error-the raids: Surprise blows of reprisal for Pearl destroyer Reuben James was struck underestimation of Japan and the lack of Harbor, brilliantly conceived and exe­ without warning by an enemy torpedo. realization of the gigantic· scale of this cuted. She had none of the advantages that global war. The Coral Sea: Although we lost the were built into the Kearny. Her entire Americans are unaccustomed to the Lexington, this 5-day battle was the nrst forward half exploded and sank at once, bitter gall of defeat. It is no wonder major set-back of the Japanese in their taking 100 officers and men with it'. that many were unnerved by the steady march of aggression in the South Pa­ This, mind you, was when we were still succession of bad news and failed to see cific. We sank or crippled no less than at peace. No war had been declared be­ the picture clearly. Let me tell you, 20 Japanese ships-a victory that set the tween our Government and that of Ger­ though, Mr. President, that I personally Japs back 2 months in their anticipated Il1any. Yet Germany had struck treach­ did not rail at the Navy with fruitless assault against Australia. erously and savagely; and the water­ gibes during these dark hours. Perhaps Midway: The most significant, the soaked bodies of scores of brave Ameri­ this was because my own· son was seeing most glorious triumph of the war in the can sailors were the price paid for Amer­ active service on the high seas; but I like . Pacific-4 Japanese carriers sunk, with ica's boast that war could be kept from to think it was be.caus·e, as a member of at least 275 planes destroyed, together her shores by simple faith in honor be­ long standing of the Senate Naval Affairs with their crews; 2 or 3 battleships dam­ tween nations. · It seems incredible now Committee·, I knew what we were up aged, one severely; 2 cruisers sunk, and that so many people 1n this great land against in a war with the Empire of . 4 more damaged; 3, and possibly 4, de­ could be numb to the fires of aggression Japan. I had see·n them buy our rolling stroyers sunk, a blow from which Japan that were licking at our shores. And yet mills and scrap to make· their steel; and will never fully recover. We did not people said it was 1917 all over again. every time a biWfor our own 'n'aval ex- realize the enormous importance of-the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8785 Battle of Midway when the results were ways held dear. America's appointment for the men of 30, softened by . years of first announced, but we realize today that with destiny is here. Will we meet it? desk work. And it is no game for the the Japanese Fleet which was stopped The demands of war h~.ve reached out to men of 23 or 25, who have too often left was no mere raiding task force. It was envelop all of us. There is probably not· the football field and basketball court a major invasion :fleet whose destination a family in America that has not been behind for adding machines and cocktail was not the sandy little scrap of land a:ff€cted by the war in many ways during lounges. No; modern war is a game for that is Midway, but was Hawaii itself. this first fateful year. But the time has the youths who are keen of eye, quick in The Battle of Midway can be compared now come when the demands of the war mind, and coordinated in every muscle only to the Battle of Salamis, which saved reach out to all Americans. The time and sinew of their bodies. ancient Greece from an alien invasion; has come when our youth-our lads of The Navy has known this for a long or, in our own history, it might be com­ 18 and 19 years of age-must go forth time. For the last 50 years, war at sea pared to the taking of Ticonderoga and to fight for the world they will live in. has been a war of machines, and the the turning back of Britain's invasion It is no longer enough for us to give up Navy has known that it must be fought fleet on Lake Champlain in the Revo­ our pleasure driving, give up our five cups by young men. The average age of the lutionary War. That engagement, while of coffee a day, our meat 7 days a week, enlisted man in the Navy right now is seemingly no tremendous victory in itself, our scrap for the steel mills, and our under 20 years of age. not only saved our struggling Colonial money for War bonds. Now we must The time has come for all of us to real­ government from immediate annihila­ give our sons. · My boy is already serving ize that this must be the age for the tion at the hands of a stronger British his country on a warship on the high soldiers, as well as the sailors, who will force but made possible the.later triumph seas, as are the sons of countless thou­ win this war. at Saratoga, which was the true and final sands of other families throughout the The Army and the Navy of today are decisive battle of the war. land. The time has come when they as different from those of 1918 as those The Solomons: The battle for the Sol­ must now be joined by their former of the First World War were from the omons marked the beginning of our offen­ schoolmates and companions in the one rabbles of the Crusades. What we must sive in the Pacific. The cost to us in ships great fight against the powers of oppres­ realize is that the Army and the Navy of and men has been severe, but so long as sion. today are, in reality, great educational the gallant marines and soldiers hold our I do not say these things without the institutions. From the standpoint of positions there, and the naval vessels most deliberate thought. I am one of number of classrooms involved, number and Army bombers continue to make it those who opposed the peacetime. Selec­ of instructors at work, variety of train­ possible for them to hold, the Battle of tive Service Act when it was first pro­ ing given, and number of students en­ the Solomons must be marked on the posed. I think to this day that the dif­ rolled, the United States Army and the scort;board of history as an American ference of opinion on that first draft bill United States Navy are the largest in­ success. was justified because of the conditions stitutions of education and training in These have been the major :fighting en­ in the country at that time. I knew the entire world. For this is a war of gagements at sea, and I ask the Senate then that our Government was burdened specialization. No longer i; a -man just to look at the score. Five spectacular with the support of a great body of a sailor, or just a soldier. He is a tech­ successes to two set-backs-five victories unemployed-able-bodied unemployed­ nician, an expert. He is a radioman, or as against two defeats. And this score, from which, I believed, the Army would a machinist, or a photographer, or an mind you, Mr. President, does not take be able to recruit voluntarily a skeleton electrician, or a signalman, or a hospital­ into consideration the damage infiicted organization. Then when the exigencies man. He is a navigator, or a weather by those other two intrepid sea services, of war or national defez:se made it nec­ forecaster, or a pilot, or an ordnance ex­ the submarines and the motor torpedo essary, it seemed to me that it would be pert. He is a driver, or a mechanic, or a boats. Let us not forget to pay tribute possible to build a citizen army around storekeeper, or a cook, or a metalsmith. to them. Working alone and againSt tre­ this nucleus. I was not against the draft The Army and the Navy will give the mendous odds, they have added scores of per se. I simply believed that we could young man an education in one of these sinkings to our toll. approach the problem by a different or many other specialized fields before · On land, it is no secret that this first means. he is ever sent to a fighting front. They year of war has been a year of tragic and _ But I want to stress that, although I will help fit him as an individual into bloody defeats. But in those defeats voted against the peacetime draft, I now civili2..n as well as military life. And the there was glory, for to the tradition of say that it is absolutely essential for the adjustment back again from military America they added exploits of individual security of our country and the winning into civilian life, with the return of peace, heroism that are unsurpassed. We lost of this war that all available young men Will be easier after this war than was W~ke Island, but we gained an example between 18 and 20 years of age be in­ true at the end of any war that has ever of fearlessness that will leave men misty­ ducted into the ·United States Army for been waged. eyed so long as they can remember. We training immediately, without delaY. More than that, the Army and the lost Bataan, but we gained a spectacle of Let me state why it is necessary. This Navy will teach our boys discipline at a dogged last-ditch courage against fearful is not a war of physical brawn, in which time when it will mean more to them odds that will live in our hearts beside the winning or the losing depends upon than any other time in their lives. They the Alamo. the muscles of a warrior swinging a bat­ will teach them cooperation with their In land warfare, this has been a year tle ax or broadsword. This is a war of fellow man, and will encourage them to · of preparation. It has been a year in machines; of speed and power and pre­ display every innate quality of leadership which to complete our vast training cision; of stamina and coordination. they may possess. And they will build camps, to pour forth arms and uniforms This is a war of machines, and it must be in them sound and sturdy bodies. and equipment to supply our soldiers-a fought by youths w!:lo have grown up Throughout their military careers they year in which to train officers and get with machines, and who have lived with will be given the best food and quartered our Selective Service machinery running machines since their babyhood. It takes in the cleanest and most livable quar­ smoothly, and build up nuclei for new a young man to shoot straight and true ters that can be obtained. kinds of fighting groups. It has been a in a tank speeding and bouncing over Mind you, Mr. President, I know what year in which to turn freedom-loving rough terrain at 40 miles an hour. It I am talking about. I have seen what civilians into fighting men, capable of takes a young man to stand the terrific the Navy has done to my own son, Jim. meeting and defeating the enemy wher­ beating dealt out by a roaring motor tor­ And I know what he thinks of that serv­ ever he may be. pedo boat. It takes a young man to win ice. Take the matter of food. The last The results of this year's work will be a modern aerial dog fight. In today's air time he came home from sea duty I said seen in next year's headlines. warfare, a :flyer's life depends on his to him, ''Well, son, how does the grub on Every Member of the Senate must feel ability to make decisions in one-seventy­ your ship compare with the food here the tension of this moment. This is the fifth of a second, spitting hot lead into at home?" He replied, "To be honest, turning point. This is the crucial and the plane in front of his sights, while he Dad, I don't get devil's food cake like precious moment which will . decide eludes the enemy plane on his tail, mother used to make-we don't get very whether America is worthy to continue streaking through the air all the while fancy stufi-but it's the kind of darned enjoying the freedom which she has al- at the speed of a bullet. This is no game good food that sticks to your ribs." 8786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 When our boys go out to fight they will Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I was a man only if ne were deferred solely be­ go with an Army or Navy that has al­ very much interested in the remarks of cause of being engaged in agricultural ready tasted victory. By the time our the junior Senator from Florida [Mr. pursuits. · boys ever get to a fighting front the tide PEPPER] as to the matter of deferment of Mr. PEPPER. ·wm the Senator yie,ld? will have turned. The battles of our men engaged in agricultural pursuits, and Mr. GURNEY. I yield. first year have not gone well. We have I should like to ask the distinguished Mr. PEPPER. Does the Senator con­ been slow to put the enemy on the run. Senator from South Dakota whether he strue this amendment as adding any au­ But we have sacrificed possible minor would be kind enough to give his inter­ thority to the draft boards which they victories this first year for something far pretation of paragraph (k), particularly did not already possess? more essential to final, complete victory. with reference to whether or not, if the . Mr. GURNEY. I do not. We have built from the ground. We report shall be adopted, it will result in Mr. PEPPER. Then what is the good have prepared ourselves for any even­ freezing farm labor. of it? If it does not give them any power tuality, and no United States force will Mr. GURNEY. In reply to the inquiry or authority which they do not already be sent to face the enemy without a vast directed to me by the Senator from North have, what is the purpose of it? abundance of the finest equipment and Dakota, I wish to say that paragraph (k) Mr. GURNEY. That, I am sure, could the finest arms that American ingenuity has to do with the deferment of men en­ be more thoroughly explained by the au­ and the resources of American industry gaged in essential agriculture and men thor of the amendment, which was can turn out. We have been slow, but necessary to essential agriculture. This adopted by the entire Senate, and at the we have built fighting forces against is known in the Senate as the Tydings time it was adopted I am sure the same which no evil powers in all the world can amendment. It was adopted on the floor authority existed to issue the directives long endure. of the Senate by a vote of about 67 to 6, which had been issued by the national Mr. President, what of the peace that and therefore the conferees on the part headquarters of the selective service. will follow the victory of the United Na­ of the Senate and the House had no par­ ticular choice in the matter. It was a Mr. PEPPER. Then if it were left out, tions and the United States? The Presi­ if the Senate were not to agree to the dent has already made it clear that the mandate from the Senate by an over­ conference report with this language in criminal leaders of the aggressor nations whelming vote to retain this provision it, and if, by subsequent conference ac­ will be made to answer for their inhuman in the bill. crimes, and we may be sure that only After talking the matter over in con­ tion it were left out, so far as the able ference, the House conferees thought well Senator in charge of the bill knows, no the most practical considerations, guided disservice would be done to agriculture? by our memories of the bloodshed that of the amendment, and the conferees of was forced upon us, and not any false the House of Representatives also thought Mr. GURNEY. The provision con­ conceptions of idealism, will dictate our well of it, as was indicated in the large firms regulations already issued by the terms of peace. The brutality, the bes­ vote of acceptance in the House day be­ selective service. It puts in the law au­ tial cruelty that has been inflicted on the fore yesterday. thority for regulations already issued innocent populations of Poland, Greece, So far as I am aware, it is not supposed under direction of the President through Czechoslovakia, Belgium, China-yes, this provision will result in a freezing of the selective service. and upon our own citizens who have been farm labor. Paragraph (k) merely de­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, will the / so unfortunate as to fall into the hands fers those necessary to and regularly en­ Senator yield further? of the enemy-will not en,eourage us to gaged in essential agriculture, and under Mr. GURNEY. 1 yield. handle the Nazi and Nipponese war lead­ it they would be deferred only when a Mr. PEPPER. Does the Senator mean ers with kid gloves. local board otherwise would induct them. to say that prior to the directive of the I hope that the peace to follow this war As I understand, no evidence was given War Manpower Commission, to which he will be an insured peace. It will be a before the Committee on Military Af­ has referred, there was no authority in lasting peace, because the peace-loving fairs or the conferees to the effect that it the draft boards to make these defer­ nations of the world will back their peace would result in a freezing of agricultural ments? by force. I do not like the expression, labor. It merely provides for deferment Mr. GURNEY. Oh yes, there was au­ •·Policing the world," but I do know that of those who would otherwise be imme­ thority to do things like this, among we who believe-in man's right to-freedom diately inducted by the local boards of other powers which have not been..exer- and decency must make sure, by every the Selective Service. Does that answer . cised by the selective-service headquar­ means at hand, that innocent people who the question? ters. In other words, under the original want only to live and work undisturbed Mr. LANGER. It answers the ques­ Selective Service Act, the President, shall never again feel the tyrant's iron tion. As I understand, the local board is through his Administrator of selective heel or stinging lash. not to be final? service, was authorized to issue regula­ This means that America must never Mr. GURNEY. The local board is not tions, and under those powers deferment again put her trust in disarmament, in to be final on this particular phase of has already been ordered of those essen­ any form. If my past 22 years in our selective service, or any other phase of it. tial for the production of necessary food Government have taught me any one There is always opportunity for a regis­ products. thing, it is that there are always nations trant to appeal to the State board, and Mr. PEPPER. Does the able Senator in the world so perfidious as to use a then on up to the President, if he so construe the directive of the War Man­ semblance of peace to prepare for hideou wishes. power Commission as compulsory and war. I am a firm believer in the old say­ Mr. LANGER. If the report shall be authoritative and binding upon selective­ ing that if a man fools me once, it is his adopted, that opportunity will still exist? service boards or local draft boards? fault; but if he fools me twice, it is my Mr. GURNEY. Yes; and it is so stated. Mr. GURNEY. No, I do not. I believe fault. We were fooled once into scrap­ Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the that the directive from Washington gave ping our Navy and reducing our Army to Senator yield? the local board members something on the size of that of Switzerland; but after Mr. GURNEY. I yield. which to hang a hat, for instance. this war we are going to match America's Mr. TAFT. I wish to ask specifically Mr. PEPPER. Does the able Senator true greatness and her position in the about this matter. As I understand the regard the language of the bill dealing family of nations with a might on land amendment, if a farm laborer is classi­ with this subject, that is, paragraph (k), and sea in keeping with that greatness, fied in 3-A by reason of having depend­ as binding and authoritative upon the and that will insure the permanence of ents, then the amendment would not draft boards? our position among the family of nations. apply to him, and he would be free to Mr. GURNEY. It is binding on the In the jubilance of the armistice that leave his service and go into industrial draft boards, but discretionary with the will some day come, let us pause to re­ occupations if he wished to do so. Is that local draft boards with respect to their member how difficult was this hour, and a correct interpretation of the subsec­ findings as to whether or not that plan how we were brought to this dark hour; tion? is absolutely essential. and let u.s make sure, on that future Mr. GURNEY. I am sure it is. I am Mr. PEPPER. I believe the able Sen­ victorious day, that our present hard sure that the sense of the amendment it­ ator stated that the provision did not sacrifices are not made meaningless by self, and all the evidence before the com­ apply to 3-A men. Is there anything in the blunders of tomorrow. mittee, is to the effect that it would defer the language to indicate that? 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE Mr. GURNEY. Will the Senator re­ (2), determines, that it is in the best interest -came up the able Senator from Ala­ peat his question? of the war effort for him to leave such occu­ bama [Mr. HILL] will recall that I went Mr. PEPPER. I understood the able pation or endeavor for other work. to him, and I think the RECORD Will Senator, in reply to the question of the I ask the able Senator from South show that the Senator from Florida was able Senator from Ohio [Mr. . 'fAFT], to Dakota if a worker in a factory is today not on the :floor when the amendment say that this provision did not, for ex­ by statute subject to any such require­ was agreed to. When I came on the :fio01~ ample, forbid a 3-A man from bettering m~nt or condition. and discovered it I went to the able Sena­ himself in some other industry. Is there Mr. GURNEY. Is an industrial work­ tor from Alabama and protested against anything in the text of the measure er subject to immediate induction? the amendment, pointing out substan.: which justifies the Senator in making Mr. PEPPER. Yes; if he goes from. tially what I have said today, and I think that statement? · one job to another. the able Senator from Alabama will at.: Mr. GURNEY. I am sure there is. Mr. GURNEY. If he has previously test that fact, if he recalls it. · There is nothing in paragraph · (k) of been deferred because of his present oc­ Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the this amendment which freezes any agri­ cupation, and he moves to another in­ Senator from South Dakota yield to me? cultural laborers. It defers them only dustry which is not essential in the war Mr. GURNEY. I yield. from immediate induction provided they effort, his deferment will be taken away Mr. HILL. twill attest that fact. The otherwise would be subject to immediate from him. Senator from Florida recalls, though, call. Mr. PEPPER. Is there any statutory that the amendment was put in by the Mr. PEPPER. May I call the able provision to that effect? Senate. It was not reported by the Sen­ Senator's attention to the following lan­ Mr. GURNEY. No; that is by regula­ ate Military Affairs Committee, but was guage in paragraph (k) : tion. put in the bill by the Senate, by an over­ Provided, That should any such person­ Mr. PEPPER. So we are by statute whelming vote, and if my memory serves putting a farm worker in a category in me correctly, it was put into it by a vote "Such person" evidently refers to which we do not put the industrial of 62 to 6. Not only was it put in by "every registrant found by a selective worker? an overwhelming vote, but we had what service local board • * •. to be nec­ Mr. GURNEY. That is correct. used to be called in the House of Repre­ essary ·to and regularly engaged in Mr. PEPPER. The conclusion there­ sentatives, a field. day, Member ·after an agricultural occupation." In other fore is that with respect to selective Member rising on the :floor and speak­ words, the type of selectee to which ref­ service and in respect to deferment we ing for the amendment, and expressing erence is made is the registrant, and that are dealing legislatively differently with his approbation of the amendment, and is the only qualification that I see in the the industrial worker than with the agri­ hoping that the amendment would be first part of paragraph (k) . It says- cultural worker? That conclusion is in­ adopted. But I attest what the Senator Every registrant found by a selective serv- escapable, is it not? from Florida has said. ice local board. · Mr. GURNEY. I will say to the Sen­ Mr. PEPPER. I thank the able Sena­ Three-A's are registrants, are they not? ator from Florida that we are herewith tor from Alabama. Mr. GURNEY. It say "registrants," giving statutory deferment to the agri­ Mr. President, I wanted to ask the but every bit of evidence was to the effect cultural worker, the man necessary to Senator from South Dakota another that it affected only those who were im­ and regularly engaged in essential agri­ question. mediately liable for induction. culture and essential to the war effort. Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, I shall Mr. PEPPER. I started to call the able Mr: PEPPER. Mr. President, the Sen­ be glad to yield the floor to the Senator Senator's attention to the following lan­ ator a moment before, I believe, said from Florida if he desires. guage in paragraph (k) : that we were not giving him statutory Mr. PEPPER. No, Mr. President. I deferment because the discretion was desired to make a word of comment, but ProVided, 'J'hat should any such person­ still left in the draft board, but I as­ I wanted to ask the able Senator about That is any registrant mentioned in sume that the Senator means to say that another matter. There has not been, the first line of paragraph (k) . we are telling the draft board, "You shall then, except for the fact that this amend­ Mr. GURNEY. I may interrupt there defer agricultural workers whom you find ment was offered on the floor, an in­ to say that "such person" means one who to be necessary," but we are not telling vestigation of this subject by the Military has previously been deferred from im­ the draft board to defer industrial work­ Affairs Committee, or a particular study mediate induction because of necessary ers whom they may find to be necessary; made of this subject of occupational de­ agricultural occupation. we are leaving that entirely to their dis­ ferment by the committee? In other Mr. PEPPER. The Senator does not cretion? words, the amendment is not the result mean that this provision is limited only Mr. GURNEY. Yes, as I see it. of study made by the Military Affairs to those who have previously been de­ Mr. PEPPER. That is what we are Committee? ferred by the draft board, does he? doing, is it not? Mr. GURNEY. No; it is not. It was Mr. GURNEY. The Senator is talking Mr. GURNEY. Yes. offered and initiated on the floor of the now about the man who might leave . a Mr. PEPPER. Does the able Senator Senate by the Senator from Maryland place where he has been employed, and think that this is the way the Congress [Mr. TYDINGS]. because he had previously been employed ought to legislate on the matter of oc- Mr. PEPPER. I should like to say a in a necessary agricultural occupation, cupational deferments? · word-- he has secm~ed deferment from his local Mr. GURNEY. The committee did not Mr. GURNEY. I may follow through board. Therefore, I conclude that if he recommend it, but the Senate adopted it. on that, if the Senator will permit me. tried to change his status, and moved to The Senator will remember that I was The committee did not offer this amend­ another location, he would have to re­ one of those who voted against this ment or this idea, beqause they had con­ ceive the approval of his local board amendment. sidered it thoroughly in .committee dur­ which had previously given him defer­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, this ing the hearing, when the amendment ment. amendment was initiated on the floor, was originally proposed, away back in Mr. PEPPER. Very well. I read the was it not, by the able Senator from September. language in paragraph (k) : Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS]? This defer­ Mr .. PEPPER. But the committee did Provided, That should any such person leave ment amendment was offered, not by the not make a recommendation on the sub­ such occupation or endeavor, except for in­ committee, as coming from the commit­ stance of this amendment to the Senate? duction into the land or naval forces under tee, but was offered on the floor by the Mr. GURNEY. No; it did not. , this act, his selective service local board, able Senator from Maryland, was it not? Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President--- subject to appeal in accordance with section Mr. GURNEY. It was offered by the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ 10 (a} (2), shall reclassify such registrant is in a class immediately available for military Senator from Maryland, and adopted ator from Florida recognized in his service, unless prior to leaving such occupa­ with the support of the junior Senator own right. tion or endeavor he requests such local board from Florida. Mr. PEPPER. I shall not cover again to determine, and such local board, subject Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I will the points I attempted to cover earlier to appeal in accordance. with section 10 (a) say that at the time the amendment today. I realize how anxious Congress 8788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 is to give ~orne relief to agriculture in have, and within a year or two will not than brief debate on the floor and cer­ respect 'to the existing shortage of agri­ have, the facilities to produce the food tain consideration by the conferees before cultural labor. When this amendment necessary to avoid starvation. becoming the law of the land. I was was adopted by the Senate the other day, While it seems to me that the Senator afraid that the Congress, by becoming a frankly, I had not give·n careful atten­ is perhaps technically correct, I believe party to that method of handling the tion to the proposal, but after it was that the Senate, in adopting this amend­ problem, would only contribute to the adopted, or about the time the Senate ment by suchan overwhelming vote, was inadequacy with which the whole sub­ adopted it, I know .that I did give some responding to the cry from the country ject has so far been dealt· by the Gov­ attention to it, and I thought it was a that the way our deferment had been ernment. lnistake for the Senate or for the Con­ handled, even though it was conscien­ Mr. O'DANIEL. · Mr. President, will gress to legislate at thi~ time in this way tiously and legally handled, we were the Senator yield? on the question of occupational defer­ bringing the country into such a posi­ · ·Mr. PEPPER.' I yield. ment. - tion that we should be· short of food, Mr. O'DANIEL. I do not recall I think the able Senator from South when everyone knows that without ade­ whether the Senator from Florida was Dakota has already shown by his re­ quate labor we cannot produce enough in the Chamber at the time the amend­ sponse that if this language were left out food to meet the demand which is soon ment offered by the Senator from Mary­ of the bill we would not deprive agricul­ coming. Therefore, we felt justified in land-was thoroughly discussed. If he had ture of substantial relief which W'ill come, remedying the situation so far as we been present at that time I believe he no doubt, by the directive of the War could. We attempted to meet a problem would recall that the seriousness of the Manpower Commission, which the able which to us appeared to be gigantic in farm situation and the dangerous food Senator in charge of the bill on the floor its scope, namely, the problem of seeing shortage threatening the Nation were says has already been issued-that is, a to it that there was sufficient essential well known to many Senators at that directive by the War Manpower Com­ help on the farnis to produce the food time, as was apparent from the debate, mission to the local draft boards to re­ necessary to feed our civilian population, and that the amendment was therefore spect necessary occupations in agricul­ as well as our Army, which we mm::t keep considered highly essential. ture with respect to deferment. at the front. . · Furthermore, General Hershey, Dir~c­ Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, will the · It seemed to me-and I am still of the tor of the Selective Service Syst.em, had Senator yield? same opinion-that we were making a either asked that this legislation be en­ Mr. PEPPER. I yield. great mistake in depleting our farms of acted, or had heartily recommended the Mr. GURNEY. I should like to point their herds and of the men who are passage of the bill at that time. As out the correct status of the authority of necessary to maintain production. Even stated by the Senator from Maryland, any directive that the Chairman of the _ though the solution which we adopted General Hershey desired that mrt of leg­ War Manpower Commission might issue might not be as good a way to meet the islation at that time. I presume the sub­ at the moment. I do not believe he has problem as though we should make a jtct was thoroughly considered by Gen­ any authority, either by statute or by long study of it and include deferment of eral Hershey, and I am also inclined to Executive·order of the President, to issue bther classes, with respect to which no believe that it must have had the con­ a directive to selective service nationally clamor arose and rio claim of great in­ sideration, either individually or as a or direct to the local boards all over the jury was being made, as was true in the ·group, of the Senate Military Affairs country. · case of agricultural labor, it seems per­ Committee, because the chairman of that Mr. PEPPER. At least a directive of fectly plain to me that when the situa­ committee, while opposed to adding any the War :Manpower Commission indicates ·tion was brought to our attention 'and amendments to the bill, heartily ap­ the determination of policy which has the amendment was offered on the floor proved this particular amendment and, been arrived at by the War Manpower of the Senate, it was our patriotic duty as. I understand, voted for it, making the directive. I think the Senator's state­ to put something of that kind into the vote almost unanimous. ment is ·true, and I agree with its law. We may not have fully succeeded. Mr. PEPPER. The able Senator has veracity, w~ich shows how inadequately It seems to me that we have done a just heard the able Senator from South we have dealt with the handling of this pretty good job. Dakota [Mr. GURNEY], who was in charge difficult question of manpower. The · Does not the Senator from Florida be­ of the bill, say that the amendment was Manpower Commission has no more lieve that even tnough we might admit not reported by the committee with the power than to give a directive, which that the subject needs further considera­ recommendation of the committee, and may or may not be persuasive upon the tion in regard to deferments of other that he voted against the amendment on local draft boards on the question of the classes, yet with respect to this particular the floor of the Senate. · proper utilization of our manpower. outstanding class we were justified in do­ Mr. President, I am not disagreeing Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, will the ing something as quickly as possible? It with what the able Senator from Texas Senator yield? seems to me that we should have done it has suggested, namely, that there is a Mr. PEPPER. I yield to the Senator a year ago. very serious shortage of manpower on from Nebraska. · Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, the able farms; but I am not sure that the short­ Mr. NORRIS. The Senator from Senator from Nebraska kn.ows with what age is equally distributed over the agri­ Florida has made what I consider to be atten.tive and ·affectionate regard I listen cultural areas. If there is to be defer­ technically a rather well-founded objec­ to everything he says. Of course, there ment I am not sure that the men should tion, on the ground that by statute we is much merit in what he says. As a necessarily be deferred where they are, undertake to defer one class of workers lawyer, the Senator is familiar with the and I am not sure that they should be and not another class. In a very broad old adage that "hard cases make bad "frozen" into their present jobs. I still sense, perhaps we. ought to give con­ law." insist that under the proposed amend­ sideration to the whole subject, and not The question in my mind, in balancing ment they would be so "frozen," because do anything about it until we have the interests of various groups, was if they should leave their jobs they would reached a· conclusion satisfactory to us. whether this partial, inadequate, and in be put into the Army by the selective However, I should like to invite the my opinion, unfair approach would do service board. I do not believe it is fair Senator's attention to the fact that the more harm than would be compensated for farm workers to be "frozen" into their clamor about the deferment of agricul­ for by the immediate good which it would jobs without the Government, through tural workers was almost Nation-wide. accomplish. I do not quarrel with other some agency, _seeing to it that the con­ I believe the main facts are conceded. Senators for having reached a different ditions under which they work comply We were taking away from the farms conclusion. I only regret that on the with certain minimum requirements, as those who are called upon to produce vital question of the use of manpower we well as some minimum of sufficiency with food not only for our Army and for the think it is necessary to write into legis­ regard to pay, hours of work, and condi­ civilian population, but who, perhaps lation not something which is the result tions under which they serve. within a year or so, will be called upon to of study by any committee or executive Mr. President, in England men are de­ produce food even for our enemies, after agency, but a proposal which emanates ferred and "frozen" to their jobs in in­ we shall have conquered them...:...at least from a Senator on the floor of the Senate, dustry.- The British have a lord presi­ for millions of neutrals who do not now and which has had no more consideration dents committee, which is a part of the .1.942 CONG-RESSIONAL R~CORD-SENATE 8789 war cabinet. Therefore, the determina­ After lengthy consideration the con­ are in the questionable class on the ques­ tion as to the allocation of manpower is ferees have deleted that provision. tion of draft. I wonder if any effort was made by a subcommittee of the war While I deeply regret it, nevertheless I made to compromise by proposing that cabinet itself, the final governmental shall support the conference report, be­ both Houses accept the amendment as executive authority on th,e subject. cause ever since Pearl Harbor and our originally offered by the Senator from They determine how many men shall be entrance into the war I have supported, Nebraska by changing the provision so as selected for the armed service, how and w.m continue to support, measures to make . it apply, instead of to those many men shall be selected for industry, which those charged with the duty of ~nder 20 years of age, t'o those under 19. and how many men shall be selected for carrying on the war say are essential to Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President; all agricultural and other activities.- In its successful prosecution. , those ideas and compromise plans were some cases they do "freeze" workers in . The Nation is in the throes of a great thoroughly. discussed. The conferees on their places, but, Mr. Presjdent, it was conflict. It is a time when we each ha.ve the part of .the .House were in no frame testified before our committee that be­ one supreme duty, and that is to hold of mind to accept the Senate amend­ fore factory labor, for example, is fro­ up the hands of our Commander in ment, and I presume they feel vindicated zen, the factory must pass inspection. Chief, of General Marshall, and of those by the overwhelming vote of acceptance It must pay a reasonable wage. _ It must at-the head of each branch of our armed which the ~ouse gave their judgment on employ its workers reasonable hours. forces in regard to vital measures which the floor day before yesterday. I will say It must comply with minimum condi­ they tell us are essential to victory. . to the Senator from Ohio that every one tions of work. The Government in turn Inasmuch as these leaders have plainly of the Senate conferees went into the sees to it that the man "frozen" to his job told us that the inclusion of this. provi­ whole matter thoroughly, not for merely ·has some security and som.e protection sion would seriously handicap them in 5 minutes or 10 minutes or 1 hour or 2 in the job to which he is attached. prosecuting the war, while regrettir_j that hours, but for. 5 or 6 hours where there What I am saying is that the effect of ~he provision for 1 year of training is were only 10 men around the table. · this amendment would be ta tell the not in the bill in its final form, yet I Mr. TAFT. Am I to understand then draft boards of the country, "Keep the feel it my duty to give our war leaders that the Senate conferees argued strenu~ farm boys where they are regardless of my support in this time of national peril, ously in favor of the Senate amendment whether they ought to be there; regard­ and shall vote for the adoption of the with some modification of it? less of whether their employer is main­ coruerence report. Mr. GURNEY. I am sure the Senator tainin·g decent working conditions .and Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, after de­ from Ohio could so conclude and feel giving them a fair wage; regardless of bate and a very decisive majority vote that he had reached a correct conclu­ whether they are working fair hours, the Senate adopted an amendment which sion. and regardless of whether the men can provided that there should be a year's . Mr. TAFT. May I ask the Senator serve better somewhere else than where training for boys under 20 years of age, from South Dakota whether before they are now serving." and that either they should have 12 agreeing to the House provision, 'the con­ Thus to enact legislation which has months of training or should be 20 years ferees were able to obtain from the Army these fundamental inadequacies in it of age before being sent into combat any definite statements of principle on is a dear price to pay for an immediate service. That amendment has been which they were going. to try to give as ·emergency. If there is an emergency, abandoned by the conferees. much training as possible to boys under instead of approving section (k) and I do not agree at all with the statement 20 years of age or treat them any differ- "freezing" those inequities, and what Mr. of the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. ently from the older men? r Philip Murray called the present chaos ToBEY] that we are bound to accept the Mr. GURNEY. We had a complete in the use of manpower, I would rather opinion of the Army on a question of statement from the several Army men see the President issue a directive to the this kind. It seems obvious to me that if who came before us, at our request, that Director of the Selective Service System the Army says it must have seven and a they would follow through -the line of saying, "I will allow the appeal of every half million men, it must have seven and training as outlined originally by the man in agriculture who appeals if you a half million men, and I shall vote to Chief of Staff, General Marshall and do not instruct the draft board to give give them seven and a half million men. ~hat the inductees would receive 'every him substantially this treatment." However, it seems to me that whether bit of training that was necessary for · I would rather see the Chairman of they shall come from those who are 18, them to have before they went into com­ the War Manpower Commission issue a 19, 20, or 21 years of age, is a question bat service. directive and let us see if Director Gen­ on which we have a perfect right to pass Mr. TAFT. Does the Senator interpret eral Hershey, will not follow it, since he judgment; and the Senate has passed that to mean that the great majority of was appointed by the President to lay judgment. I should like to ask the dis­ them will have 12 months' training? down for the present, at least, the man­ tinguished Senator from South Dakota Mr. GURNEY. The very great ma­ power policy of the country. .Has any [Mr. GuRNEY] what efforts were made jority of those who· go into front-line evidence been shown to the Congress by the Senate conferees to convince the combat will have 12 months' training, as that Gemeral Hershey has refused to House conferees that the . amendment they have had in the past. I might state abide by a directive of Mr. Paul McNutt? should be inserted in the bill? ~o the Senator that they have not only Has anyone brought this matter to the Mr. GURNEY. Of course, the House had 12 months' training in the past but attention of the President and said that conferees were fully advised of the action the great majority of them have had an Executive order was mandatory? of the Senate. The conferees met one much more than that. When it comes Such procedure would serve the imme­ afternoon for about 3 hours and the next to the Services of Supply, mechanics, diacy of the problem, but it would not morning for about 2 hours. The result truck drivers, and other allied branches write on the statute books a discrimi­ was as I have already reported to the essential to the Army, there is no neces­ natory piece of legislation which convicts Senate. sity of men in those lines having 12 us of the same inadequacy in dealing Mr. TAFT. Did the Senate conferees months' training. with the subject under discussion as ad­ attempt to reach any compromise with Mr. TAFT. The amendment adopted ministrative agencies of the Government the House conferees? I believe it is clear by the Senate applied only to combat have been responsible for during the past that not only was there a large majority service; it did not apply to the Services 11 months the war has been in progress. in favor of the amendment including of Supply and similar service? boys up to 20 years of age, but that if we Mr. GURNEY. That is correct. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The had voted in the Senate on the amend­ Mr. TAFT. Can the Senator advise me question is on agreeing to the conference ment including only those up to 19 years report . . as to the status of 18-year-old boys with of age we should have had an even more respect to becoming officers? Was any Mr. TOBEY. Mr:President, when the Qverwhelming majority. Six or seven ad­ assurance given that they would be ac­ bill now under consideration was before ditional Senators would have voted to corded the same general treatment as is the Senate I favored the amendment postpone any combat service until a boy accorded older men? May they go to which called for 1 year of training of was 19 years of age. In my opinion that officers' training camps and become offi­ pur 18- and 19-year-old youths before age is more important than the age of cers the same as the older men, so far as being sent overseas for combat service. 20, because it is the' 18.:year-old boys who the law and regulations are concerned? LXXXVIII--554 8790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT-E NovEMBER 12 · Mr. GURNEY. Definitely, the short a few moments ago which it seems to me Mr. TAFT. f yield to the Senator from answer to that is, yes. The experience of should be stressed with greater emphasis South Dakota. the past few years has been that the than has so far been made apparent; that Mr. GURNEY. I should like to correct Army did not take into consideration age is, that the amendment actually applies the Senator's impression. It was my at all in giving aptitude tests, mental in its limitation only to putting 18- and idea., and ~ as to the legislation .no one tests, physical tests to become eligible for 19-year-old boys into combat service. It urged me. Certainly I had observed in officers' training; and, to my own per­ is no answer simply to say that these many Army camps the need of it; and sonal knowledge, many 18- and 19-year­ boys might become truck drivers or they certainlY the Army Chief of Staff would olds have become officers. Of course, ·I might become part of an air force ground not overnight urge this legislation if he will admit that a greater percentage be­ crew, or might be in a mechanic service had not previously seen the need of it. come officers after they are 21, as they unit or something of that kind. It was Mr. DANAHER . . Mr. President, will have had more experience in life, and to preclude their being put into combat the Senator from Ohio yield further? possibly a higher degree of college educa­ service that the amendment was carried, Mr. TAFT. I yield. . tion. Such men have a better chance of was it not? Mr. DANAHER. I should like to have becoming officers than those who have Mr. TAFI'. Yes. the Senator from Ohio retain the :floor not had such experience and schooling, Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, will the because I wish to ask him a question, but Mr. TAFT. I thank the distinguished Senator from Ohio yield? while we are on this point, I do not know Senator from South Dakota. I should Mr. TAFT. I yield. anything about the state of mind of the like to add a further word. The other . Mr. GURl\'"EY. It is a fine point, but Chief of Staff of late, but I hold in my day, when I spoke on this bill, I made the I should like to call it to the attention hand the hearings containing his testi­ statement that the 18-year-old boys did of both the Senator from Ohio and the mony and I know that in 1941 he was not have the opportunity of becoming Senator from Connecticut. The amend­ here telling us that men ought to have a officers, and that that was unfair to them. ment adopted by the Senate not only minimum of 18 months' training before I was called up by the War Department contained the words "actual combat they would be qualified. Then he told and was told that there is no regulation duty," but was further qualified by the us he was willing to take 15 months and of law which prevents such advancement words "beyond the territorial boundaries he settled for 12 months in order to get for younger men. However, l think the of continental United States." Are we a bill on the subject. That was his testi­ principle of what I said is still true. A to have a judge follow the troops around, mony. boy of 18 drafted into the Army has very say, in England or Africa, and say that In this connection let me say to the little opportunity of advancement. He a certain man 10 miles behind the line is Senator from Ohio that in a letter ad­ must be recommended for an officers' not in combat duty? He might not be in dressed by me to Hon. Henry L. Stimson, training camp over a great many older such duty today, but tomorrow an air­ under date of October 26, I quoted an men in his regiment who have been there plane might come over and he would be excerpt from a letter which I had re­ for some time. So I think the substance right in the front line and · in combat ceived from the parents of a New Haven, of what I said at that time was true, in duty. Conn., boy. The excerpt reads as follows: spite of the protest of the War Depart­ Parents of boys in Connecticut would like ment. Trained younger men will not Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, if the Senator from Ohio will yield to me, of to know why boys here sent to Fort Devens have the opportunity for as effective are sent abroad in 6 weeks. It seems tragic service as if they were drafted when they course, all our air-raid wardens and our and without any training. Thousands must were somewhat older or if they had had auxiliary police walking up and down the be in the service longer. streets of Washington come within that a few years' ·military training, Mr. Stimson's administrative assistant Mr. O'DANIEL and Mr. DANAHER ad­ category. We might be bombed some night, and that is why we have black-out wrote me under date of November 3, as dressed the Chair. follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. . Does the curtains all over the city. That, of Senator from Ohio yield; and, if so, to course, . is not an ~nswer; it begs the DEAR SENATOR DANAHER: This acknowledges whole question that was involved as a receipt of your letter of October 26, 1942, whom? addressed to the Secretary of War- · Mr. TAFT. I yield first to the Sena­ ~atter of principle when we were argu­ tor from Texas, who rose first. ing the proposition on the floor of the ! omit a small portion- Mr. O'DANIEL. The Senator from Senate. Regarding the assignment of military per· Ohio has called attention to the strong Mr. GURNEY. I may say to the Sen­ sonnel to overseas stations without sufficient sentiment in favor of the 1-year training ator from Connecticut I am sure that to training. have an efficient Army we would not want The dUration of military training given amendment as expressed by the vote in to military personnel depends upon the ex· the Senate. I should like also to call to charge our Chief of Staff with the duty of taking along with him Members perfence and qualifications of the enlisted attention to the fact that the RECORD man and the duty to which he will be as· shows that, in addition to the 39 Mem­ of Congress or others to tell him after signed. The time required to train some men bers who voted for the amendment, 14 he has his troops over there that certain to perform their military assignments might other Members absent at that time were individuals must remain 30 or 31 miles be much shorter because ·of their civilian recorded as being favorable to the amend­ behind the line. training than it would be for others. All ment, which shows a very strong senti­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will units and individuals leaving the continental the Senator from Ohio yield further? United States are not destined for areas im· ment in the Senate in favor of the amend­ mediately- ment which was adopted by the Senate Mr. TAFI'. I yield. and which was rejected by the conferees. Mr. DANAHER. Of course, it is a ! emphasize the word "immediately";· Mr. TAFT. I thank the Senator. I singular thing that, let me say while the the writer of the letter does not do so, might say that I think our conferees Senator from South Dakota is here and but I do- should have insisted on the amendment in view of his observation, that the Army, Immediately threatened by severe combat, as modified to cover boys 19 years of which is said to have known these needs, but many are sent to security garrisons offer• age. I think the House would have ac­ did not sponsor this legislation. I re­ ing special opportunities for further training. cepted it, and I believe that it would have call distinctly on the floor of the Senate The War Department recognizes the anxiety of parents !or the welfare of their sons in practically eliminated the inconvenience that the Senator from South Dakota said the service and you may assure your con­ which the Army claims is involved in that this was his idea. I remember the stituent that every possible effort is being the amendment of wider scope. Such Senator from Michigan queried him on made to provide adequately for the training an amendment would have established in the point when the matter was before us as well as for the health, comfort, and con­ this country exactly the rule which the a month ago. Of course, if the Army tentment of the military personnel wherever English have found to be proper after had really wanted these boys, it has had they may be stationed. 3 years of warfare in protecting the 18- no reticence up to now in bringing for­ Sincerely yours, year-old boys whom they chose to draft. ward legislation it chooses to sponsor. ----. I now yield to the Senator from Con­ This idea, as the Senator-from South Da­ I ask the Senator from Ohio if he had necticut. kota has said, was his own. in mind in his earlier queries to the Sen­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, there Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President. will the ator from South Dakota the possibility is one point the Senator from Ohio made Senator yield? that the conferees might easily have said 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8791 that "in our judgment, 18- and 19-year­ so we are doing it to save a representa­ the mothers of these boys, scattered all old boys ought not to be sent into com­ tive republic. over the United States, we voted to bring bat service until they shall have had a · We, in this Chamber, represent the about that result. These mothers knew; minimum of a given number of months' people of America, and it is our responsi­ as we knew, that our military leaders training," even though they omitted the bility to assure them that untrained had often 'said, "Our soldiers must have provision of the amendment which the youths shall not be sacrificed all over the a minimum of one year's training." That Senator from South Dakota has since globe. There is no doubt these young seemed reasonable. Our recent expe­ stressed which .would have prohibited men will make the greatest soldiers in riences have taught us, in my opinion, their being sent beyond the continental the world. I know something about it. that the period of training should be limits of the United States? I served with such young men, I know made longer. The soldiers now on the Mr. TAFT. It seems to me that some the courage and the daring of . young battlefields in all the various parts of the modification could have been secured by men, but thank God in the unit in which world are meeting conditions which have our conferees that would have carried I had the privilege of serving we were all never before been met by soldiers any­ out the substance of the idea in which, trained, and I hope these boys will be where. They have to combat the most I think all of us here are interested. I trained. I am sure that must be the unprincipled program which has ever am anxious to take at full value the pro­ will of every Senator, and I hope those confronted any civilized people. They testations of the Army that they are on the Committee on Military Affairs, should have at least the minimum train­ going to train these boys. and the conferees, who did or did not ing I have mentioned. They are permitted to train them, and make such a gallant fight to sustain the I agree with the Senator from Ohio if they fail to train them properly before amendment of the Senate, will say to the JMr. TAFT], who propounded some ques­ they go abroad, if they send them abroad admirals and to the generals~ when they tions to the Senator from South Dakota when they should not go abroad, I feel come, "Certainly it was the will of the and I think the indications are that th~ that the responsibility is today completely Senate that you train these men before Senate conferees did not make the effort on the officials of the United States Army. you send them to face their death under they should have made before they sur­ I wanted to make that point in this series various climatic and physical conditions, rendered on the amendment, which had of questions. and in conflict with the steel of the old received a large vote in the Senate. It Mr. BROOKS. Mr. President, I had world,'' much of which we sent them. seems to me that instead of an absolute hoped that we might have an opportunity These boys have a right to be trained rejection it should come before us in the to register again in the Senate our desire before they face that steel and those conference report in some form of a com­ to write into the law a provision for the trained armies. promise. It seems to me that out of all guaranteed training of those who will be If I had any other way to proceed than the controversy there should have been the youngest soldiers in the American . by voting against drafting them, I would something left in the bill in answer to forces. utilize it, but I have no other way, so I our votes and to the prayers of millions We have gone a long way in the last want my expression to hold, so far as I of mothers scattered all over the country. few months, all the way from staying out am privileged to represent the people of These mothers have a right under the of war until we are in all the wars of the my State, that I think now we should all circumstances, at least to be' suspicious world, on 40 fronts. Suddenly we need reemphasize privately wherever we can of the rejection of the amendment, be­ seven and a half million men, and in that it is our will that these young men cause the same men in the military serv­ order to get them we must take 18- and be trained adequately ·so that they can ice who are now objecting to it, so-called 19-year-old boys. I am sure it seemed to defend adequately their young lives and experts, had been telling us, and telling all of us only fair that these boys when the whole future of America. the country, and telling the mothers, taken should be guaranteed adequate Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, the Sen­ that 1 year's training was the minimum training. ate is confronted at this time with a con­ necessary for anyone of any age. I understand full well what it means to dition which is often met in every legis­ Mr. President, the argument now made say we must not tie the hands of the mil­ lature consisting of two branches. We against that is, "We do not intend to itary leaders, and surely none of us would have before us a conference report, and send these boys into combat across the want to tie their hands in any degree, but ·we are required to consider it and act .seas. We are going to give them train­ in a representative republic, in which the 011 it. We are confronted with the situa­ ~ng, but we do not want any strings at­ people have nothing to say to the Army tion that, in· order to get what we believe tached to their induction; we do not want except through their representatives, we to be good, we must take what we believe any restraints placed in our way." might at least assure the hearts of the to be bad, and in order to prevent what, The answer to that comes back-it parents of America that their children in our judgment, is evil, we have to vote ought to come back from the Senate, but will at least be trained adequately before even for the evil in order to get some­ it comes back from the mothers of Amer­ they are sent to distant points of the thing which we believe to be right. ica-"If that is the way you feel, if that world. The bill as it passed t:tle Senate con­ is what you are going to do, why not put · We shall vote in a moment, and when tained two vital amendments, both of it in the law?" It is no answer, Mr. we vote we will say to the Army, "It is which received large votes in the Senate. President, to say that it does not require your responsibility." We have no other One provided for the training of 18- and a year's training to teach a man to drive choice. According to the parliamentary ­ 19-year-old soldiers before they were put an automobile. Such a statement is beg-. rules, we must either vote for all the re­ into combat service, and the other pro­ ging the question, and I would have more port or none of it. I shall vote for all of vided for a very important proposition, respect for the sincerity of these men if it, but I shall do so with the thought in that we retain on the farms of America they had not made such an argument, my heart and mind that I have registered a sufficient number of experienced men which to me seems to be foolish. here the expression that it is the will of to produce the food necessary to sustain . ~f the Senate amendment were agreed the people of America that these young our Army in the field, as well as for other to, it would apply to combat service men be trained before they are dis:. purposes. One of the amendments has across the seas only, It would not apply patched to the far corners of the earth to been agreed to, the other has been re­ in case of invasion of our country. The lay down their lives in this all-out war all jected. boys could be used here for combat serv­ over the world. I feel more deeply about the rejection ice in case of invasion of the United I want whatever I say now to be no­ of the amendment relating to the train­ States. We must have some Army here. tice to the generals and the admirals, to ing of 18- and 19-year-old soldiers when The amendment has no application to the Commander in Chief, and to every I listen to the reasons given by military such a situation. one else, that this is a representative re­ men as to why the amendment should Mr. President, I myself cannot help but public, so reemphasized recently, and not be agreed to. We have been taught feel a suspicion, of which I should like much that we will do will be in the name over a series of years that the very mini­ to clear my mind. I do not want to find of supporting the Commander in Chief, mum of training necessary takes 1 fault with the conferees. I know the dif­ and that we will all do, of course. Much year. We all believe that to be so. We ficulty of their situation; it may be they will be done under the guise of support­ have been so informed by our military have done everything they possibly ing the head of the armed forces, and leaders. After listening to thousands of . could; but it seems to me that the Sen­ that we will do, of course, but in doing letters, and the prayers which came from ate amendment, which was adopted on a 8792 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 yea-and-nay vote in the Senate, after then I would be willing to vote for the cause they did not want any administra­ full debate, without limitation of debate report. I am not going to vote for the tion, Republican or Democratic, to have shoUld not be thrown out the window en­ report when in one breath the Army of­ all these dictatorial powers. tirely. If 1 year of training is too much, ficials say it is necessary to give a year Mr. President, the other day-I picked let .us have 9 months, or 6 months. If or 18 months training to a selectee, and up the the Journal published by the Senators do not wish the provision to in the next breath want to send the Teamsters Union, Dan Tobin's organiza­ apply to 19-year-old boys, why not make 18- and 19-year-old boys into combat tion. What was said in it? I quote from­ it apply to 18-year-old boys? There are service without that sort of training if an article by Lester M. Hunt: a thousand ways in which a compromise they see fit to do so. We know that There will be men who say that we have might have been agreed to. . It seems to men are being sent to foreign shores to­ become a dictatorship-that we have em­ me the conferees on the part of the day with practically no training. braced the very philosophy we have gone to House would have conceded something Mr. ]?.resident, I have received letters war to defeat. Well, how else can we win this along that line if they had been met with from some of the leading doctors of the war? The only way to defeat a hostile army country, some of them in my own home is with a stronger army. Militaristic meth­ a stubborn unanimous resistance from ods must be adopted to defeat militaristic the conferees on the part of the Senate. State, saying there is no question that powers. We must put our civil liberties in In that case it seems to me our conferees the nervous systems of boys 18 and 19 escrow. would not have been turned down· empty years old do not stand up as well as We are going to be forced to live under a handed. those of men over 20 years of age. dictatorship for a time. But it will be a Mr. President, as I said in the begin­ So far as I am concerned, regardless dictatorship to preserve the democratic sys­ ning, we are confronted with the propo­ of whether or not a little sop is given to tem we have always enjoyed. It will be sition of having to vote against one. the farmers of the country in this bill, administered for the protection of those who I am not going to have it on my con­ submit to it rather than for the profit of amendment, in order to obtain another those who direct it. amendment which we believe to be right. science that we turned these 18- and 19- In order to keep evi'l out we have to re­ year-old boys over to the Army officials, Mr. President, think of a labor leader ject some good. There is no alternative. and said, "You can take.them and send saying that. Think of him saying that We are face to face with that respon­ them into combat service any place in in order to win the war against dictator­ sibility. If, for instance, some Senators the world." ship we must set-up a dictatorship in this should say, "We will reject this confer­ England does not do that. Canada country. Think of a labor leader saying ence report," and vote against it on the does not do .it. I do not know of any that we must do away with our civil ground that this one amendment has of O"!lr Allies who are doing it. rights. Thank God this man does not been entirely thrown out, and if the re­ Mr. President, the question has been speak for the rank and file of labor. sult of the vote were that the conference asked on the floor of the Senate: Are I do not care if every labor leader in report was agreed to, which it probably we doing our part in this war? We are the United States of America says we would be-and I do not think anyone furnishing food, we are furnishing must do away with the Constitution and doubts it-then the Senators who voted money. I am not criticizing England. the Bill of Rights; I shall not be a party against the report, and who must go be­ I do not go so far as Mr. Willkie does in to such a movement. The people of this fore the people in the future with that his criticism of her. He was one who country are perfectly willing to make action on their record, would be faced shouted that we had to do everything we any sacrifice necessary to be made in with the charge that they had voted could to help England. · Some there were order to win the war. I care not whether against this farm amendment, and, tech­ who shouted we must help England be­ they are farmers or what they are, but nically, the critic would be correct, at cause we were dependent upon the Brit­ they are not willing to turn over to the least to a very great extent, in condemn­ ish Navy. How silly that must seem at military authorities or to the adminis­ ing such action. the present time to anyone with common tration dictatorial powers, unless it is On the other hand, if the report were sense. Oh, yes; we must have the Brit­ shown to be absolutely necessary, and no rejected, of course, a different conclusion ish Navy to protect the United States of such showing as that has been made or or presumption woUld arise, because we America from destruction. Winston could be made. The only ones who are would immediately have another confer­ Churchill said: suggesting it and asking for it are some ence report come back to the Senate. Give us the tools and we will do the rest. persons here in the departments who Under the circumstances it seems to me want to have control for their own selfish we are justified, when we consider every­ We gave them money, we gave them purposes. thing, in accepting the conference report, tools, we gave them ships, and then we Read this article in the Teamsters' much as I dislike to do so. I know if we gave them our Army and our Navy, and Journal and then tell me if it is not al­ do not it will be charged that we are now they say, "Give us the kids, give us most the exact language used by Mr. delaying action by military experts in the boys. Take them out of the high Hitler to the people of Germany at the carrying on the war, which none of us schools. Take them out of the colleges; time he assumed dictatorial powers. I wants to do, God knows; and, probably give us your teen-age boys. Give them say shame on ahy labor man or labor with the certainty that the conference to us, and let us send them to the four leader who tries to tell the people of this report will be agreed to anyway, we ought corners of the world." country that we should do away with the not to go any further than to express, if Mr. President, that may be done by freedom of speech, that we should do we care to do so, our convictions on the those who follow blindly anything asked away with the right of trial by jury, that subject. of them by the administration. But the we should do away with the Bill of Rights Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President. I time will come when the people of the simply because ~e are in a war. I say heartily agree with most of what the United States will say, "We do not want shame on any labor leader who says we Senator from Nebraska has just said. I any dictatorship here and we do not want have to set up a dictatorship in this cannot agree, however, with the idea of the Congress of the United States to country in order to preserve democracy. voting for the conference report by rea­ abdicate." The people ·are already say­ · If the Congress wishes to have the son of the fact that it contains the ex­ ing it. . That was one of the reasons for respect which it demands, it is time for emption with respect to farm labor. I the results of the last election. Make no it to exercise the power given to it under agree with the distinguished senior Sen­ mistake about that. The election did not the Constitution, and not abdicate and ator from Nebraska that the conferees result as it did because of the fact that turn over all its powers to the bureau­ on the part of the Senate did not put up only the well-to-do turned out to vote. crats in Washington. So long as I am the kind of fight they should have made What nonsense! It was not because the in the Senate I shall never vote to aban­ in trying to obtain some compromise in soldiers did not vote. It was because the don the powers of Congress, and if the the event they could not get all the Sen­ people of this country were opposed to people of my State want somebody who ate voted for. I do not think any show­ having the whole civil population of the will do so, they had better elect some one ing has been made by anyone that 18":' country regimented by a lot of bureau­ else to fill my place. I will not vote to and 19-year-old boys are needed at this crats in Washington who do not know turn over to the military authorities the time. If a showing had been made that the problems of the people in the hinter­ right to take these children-for that is it was absolutely necessary to have them, land. The peopte voted as they did pe- all many of them are-send them to the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8793 four corners of the world, and put them from the eighth to the twel(th grade, and . academic training and military training into · combat service, simply because of includes the same course as that of ·a at the same time. If such a program the fact that there is written into this high school, would be construed to be a were pursued, the boys would be better bill a provision that the local boards "similar institution of learning." equipped at the age of 20 not ·Only to may exempt farmers. Furthermore, I wish to know the rea­ fight this war, but to discharge the duties I believe that the committee repre­ son for the discrimination against boys of good citizenship when the war is over. £enting the Senate at the conference, who, because of lack of opportunity, lack Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will most of the Members of which were op­ of wealthy parents, or because of the the Senator yield? posed in the first instance to such a death of the member of the family upon Mr. BILBO. I yield. course, did not stand up and fight as they whom the family depended for a living, Mr. McKELLAR. I am in hearty ac­ should have fought to obtain a com­ have been delayed in getting into high cord with much of what the Senator has promise or to carry out the wishes of school. Are they to be denied the privi­ said. If I correctly understood the Sena­ the Senate. lege of finishing an academic year of tor, he started to ask the Senator from · Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, recently their education when they have entered South Dakota [Mr. GURNEY] what is we have been impressed with the fact primary schools and are trying· to prepare meant by the words "or similar institu­ that in construing acts of Congress in themselves to enter high schools? Why tion of learning." I wonder if he will the administration of our laws the courts the discrimination? I think a boy who is allow the Senator at this point to state and the bureaus of the Government go in the intermediate or primary school, what a "similar institution of learning" to the discussions of the legislation in working for a high-school education, is means. Does it mean the smaller col­ the Congress by Members of Congress to entitled to as much consideration in his leges, or what does it mean? ascertain the real purpose, intent, and effort to obtain an education for the bat­ Mr. GURNEY. Mr. President, will the implication of the law. That was tle of life as is the boy who happens to be Senator yield? brought out forcibly in our recent con­ fortunate enough to have completed his Mr. BILBO. I yield. My purpose in troversy about the right of our bureau­ course and enrolled in a high school. I do taking the :fioor was to get some expres­ cratic government to fix the ceiling not think it is quite fair to a boy who is sion from the Senator on this subject. prices of agricultural products. That in college and who, by finishing one se­ Mr. GURNEY. I am always glad to being true, I wish to make a matter of mester, or 1 year, could obtain his de­ answer questions whenever I can. The record the construction of section 2 of the gree from the college or university, to able Senators from Tennessee and bill, which provides as follows-: take him out of the university or college Mississippi must know that by now. SEC. 2. Section 5 (f) of such act, as and rush him off to the Army when we Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, if the amended, is hereby amended to read as fol­ allow high-school boys to finish 1 year­ Senator will permit me, I desire to en-. lows: not necessarily the last year, but any one large somewhat upon my question. "(f) Any person 18 or 19 years of age who, of the 4 years of the high-school course. A number. of persons from the smaller while pursuing a course of instruction at a I think there is a discrimination. We high school or similar institution of learn­ · colleges of the country are wondering ing, is ordered to report for induction under seem to be saying to the unfortunate boy whether those words apply to such in­ this act during the last half of the academic who has not yet entered high school, "You stitutions. They apply particularly to year at such school or institution, shall, upon Dumb Dora, we are going to take you out . high schools. There can be no question his request, have his induction under this act and put you in the Army, and yet we are about that. I do not know whether they postponed until the end of such academic going to let the high-school boy who has apply to smaller colleges. I believe the year." a 4-year course, be deferred until he fin­ term is sufficiently broad to apply to I wish to find out, if I can, from the ishes whatever year he may be in before smaller colleges, and I am wondering if members of the conference committee­ he is called into the service of his coun­ that is what was intended by the inclu­ preferably the Senator from South Da­ try." I think that is discrimination. It sion of those words. Certainly they have kota [Mr. GURNEY], the author of the is not fair, just, or righteous. It is so some meaning. legislation-just what this provision unrighteous that it is almost criminal. Mr. GURNEY. Will the Senator yield? means, how far-reaching it is, and how I, for one, believe that this war will last Mr. BILBO. I yield. we want it interpreted by the Selective from 5 to 10 years. The Japanese have Mr. GURNEY. The section to which Service Board, so that the people of the said that they are prepared to fight for reference has been made has to do with country may know who is to be exempt 20 years. ·It goes without saying that deferment for high school instruction. from induction for the remainder of the when boys of 18 and 19 years .of age are It applies to those attending schools in academic year when boys are summoned inducted into service, their educational grades . from the ninth through the to the service of their country. careers are over and they will go through twelfth, or similar institutions of learn­ We all know, in a general way, what a life handicapped without the educational ing which have a curriculum- covering high school is. In a general way we training to which they are justly entitled. courses of training from the ninth know something about the curriculum of It will be remembered that during the through the twelfth grade in the public a high school and the grades embraced debate on the bill I stated that I had no schools of America. The words "similar in it. I should interpret the language objection to the induction of boys into institution of learning" mean prepara­ t•or similar institutions of learning" to the Army provided they were kept in tory schools of all kinds, military schools, eliminate any consideration of bo'ys who school until they were 20 years old and parochial schools, schools sponsored by are in their last year at a college or uni­ given basic military training while fin­ other religious institutions, private versity, and who are about to obtain their ishing their scholastic courses. I still schools, and academies. In general, I degrees. They could not enjoy the ex­ believe that would be the fair, just, equi­ should say that they refer to completion emption provided for, because no one table, and patriotic thing to have pro­ of the high-school course. The v:ords would contend that a college or univer­ vided for in this legislation. There is no "high· school or similar institution of sity is a "similar institution of learning" reason why a boy should not receive his learning" mean that the students are to a high school. basic military training while pursuing given the right to complete the school In my State we have in force the con­ his course in school. The boys in Annap­ course in those institutions where stu­ solidated school system, by which stu­ olis and West Point receive academic dents are prepared to go into colleges. dents in rural sections are brought to training while they are taking their mili­ I should say definitely that students in central points. Some of those schools tary training, as do the boys who have small colleges which offer regular college teach up to the tenth grade, and some as taken R. 0. T. C. training in high schools work above what is commonly known as high as the twelfth grade. In the and colleges. They are taking their the twelfth grade would not secure defer­ towns, not only of my State, but of other academic training and at the same time ment under this section. States, the high schools include the receiving basic military training to fit Mr. McKELLAR. Suppose a small col­ grades from the tenth to the twelfth. them to be officers in the military forces lege included grades from the ninth to The consolida~ed schools begin with the after finishing school. There is no rea­ . the twelfth, besides additional work. lower grades and go up to the tenth or son why teen-age boys should not be Would the fact that it included three twelfth grade. I am wondering whether given an opportunity to continue their high-school grades be sufficient to make a consolidated school which teaches education up to the age of 20 and receive it a similar institution of learning? 8794_ CONGRESSIONAL REQORD-SEN... t\. TE NOVEMBER 12 Mr. GURNEY. My answer to that Mr. GURNEY. Of course, it would not one of whom could not write his name, would be, certainly, if a college gives apply, because they would be doing work yet became a great military hero. The high-school work, a student in such an that would be above that of high school. Army have eliminated that class from institution who had not theretofore com­ Mr. BARKLEY. The fact that part the draft because they wanted boys and pleted his high-school work, would re­ of their student body would be entitled men who had passed the fourth grade in ceive the same treatment as a high­ to the deferment would not carry over academic educational training. The · school student attending a public high into the whole student body unless they finest physical specimens living in the school. were in the specified grades. country will be found in those sections, in Mr. McKELLAR. I am very happy to Mr. GURNEY. The Senator is correct the hamlets, in the mines, in the farms have that statement by the able Senator. and his interpretation agrees with mine and in the woods of the Nation who have I recall that not long ago the able Senator entirely. spent their lives in the open, men who from Michigan [Mr. BROWN], who had Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, let me ask have not gone beyond the fourth grade, charge of a bill, gave his interpretation the Senator another question before he but who are strong, who are hard, who of the bill. His interpretation was held takes his seat. Am I to understand that are determined, who are physically per­ to be of such strength as to be second under the gracious deferment provided fect, and would make the ideal soldier. only to an interpretation by the Supreme for in the conference report for high­ because they could speak the English Court. I am very happy to have that school students or students in similar language and could understand an order broad-and I think entirely proper­ institutions of the Nation no student un­ when given to them in the Army. interpretation· by the distinguished Sen­ der the ninth grade in the other schools They could convey a "message to Gar­ ator in charge of the bill. I entirely agree of the Nation, whether consolidated cia," if necessary, because they know that with it. schools, public schools, or private schools, much about the English language. They Mr. GURNEY. I thank the Senator would be entitled to have deferment? could shoot; they could fight. Yet, for the compliment. Mr. GURNEY. That is the correct in­ through some whim, the Army have elim­ Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will terpretation, as I see it. It only defers inated this great mass of manpower in the Senator yield? those in high school. No consideration the present war because they have not Mr. BILBO. Before yielding to the is given to students in grades below the passed beyond the fourth grade in the Senator from Kentucky, I should like to ninth grade. schools of our country. I think it is a ask the Senator from South Dakota a Mr. BILBO. If I may be pardoned a perfect piece of nonsense. further question. Am I to understand slang expression, the conference com­ On the other hand, the Army has con­ that boys pursuing ninth- and tenth­ mittee had a weakness only for high­ sistently rejected the induction of tens of grade work in a consolidated school, school students. thousands, yes, hundreds of thousands, which teaches the ninth and tenth grades Mr. GURNEY. I am quite sure that it of strong, able-bodied men who arc in­ but does not go beyond those grades on is entirely to the ·contrary, because the fected with venereal diseases such as up to the eleventh and twelfth grades­ evidence is preponderant that very few_ _ syphilis. That has resulted in leaving in which would make a complete high­ 18- and 19-year-old boys are still in many sections of the country great num­ school curriculum-would be entitled to school and still taking work of the eighth bers of able-bodied men who are able to exemption as provided under the bill? grade or below. take the training, be treated for the dis­ Mr. GURNEY. !!'here is no question Mr. BILBO~ l am glad the Senator _ ease, be cured, and render service to the about it. They would come under the made that point, because I am complain­ country. In other words, the Army's po­ provisions of this section. ing a_t the discrimination against not sition has placed a premium upon the Mr. BILBO. That is very fine. I tens of thousands but hundreds of thou­ possession of the dread disease, syphilis, should like to ask a second questi9n. In sands of students throughout the Nation in the induction of men into the service, a junior college, where the first and sec­ who are in grades below the grades . of and it has gotten to such a point in my ond years are within the high-school high school and who are seeking to· pre­ State that the youn~ Negro who does not­ bracket of the highest grades, yet there paz:e themselves in order to enter the want to go into the Army, and. has a nat­ are taught two more grades which are high schools. It is not only true of white ural inclination to stay away from battle, the equivalent of the first and ·second people in this-country, but in my State, has gone out and sought contacts in order years in the average college, would all where Negroes-constitute half the popu­ that he might contract the disease so as students in such a junior college be en­ lation, there are 18- and 19- and 20-year­ to be exempted from Army service. In titled to the exemption provided by the old· Negroes who have not yet gone far many cases, when the selective service bill? . enough in their educational preparation board makes a draft, the Army medical Mr. GURNEY. If they were in Classes to enter the first, or ninth, grade of high officers make the physical examination. which are comparable with the eleventh school. It is not proposed to give them not the local doctor. The examination is and twelfth grades in high school they any consideration whatever, but to yank made at Army camps. Forty men may would be accorded similar treatment. them into the Army, although the bill be sent to the Army from a county, 20 Mr. BILBo. Very wen. Some schools favors the boy who happens to be in the whites and 20 blacks, but practically all teach as far as "the tenth grade and some ninth. tenth, eleventh, or twelfth grade. the Negroes are returned to- the commu­ as far as the twelfth grade. The Sen­ Mr. President, I have repeatedly voiced nity and are exempted, while the white ator is basing his statement upon the my opposition to this proposed legislation. man goes on and fights the battle because fact that a high school, as recognized by I agree with some of my colleagues who, he has not contracted this dread disease. the law, is a school that has the ninth, insist that there has not as yet been As I have said once before on this tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades? made any showing that there is any fioor, the records in :qtY State show, as at­ Mr. GURNEY. That is correct. pressing, imperative need for the teen­ tested bY the State board of health, that Mr. BILBO. I want to say that I feel age boys in the prosecution of this war. out of a million Negroes there are 250,000 the Senator from South Dakota has been Oeneral McNarney of the Army before · cases of venereal disease. That gives very gracious in trying to give us his the SUbcommittee on Military Affairs an idea of how prevalent this trouble views and has been very fair all the way said plainly that there was adequate is. It is a disease which can be treated through. manpower within the ·military ages of 21 and the men can be isolated in the camps Mr. GURNEY. I thank the Senator. to 25 to build the Army up to 7,500,000 of the country. The Government has Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, if the by December 1943. At that time I com­ ample money with which to build ade­ Senator from Mississippi will yield, I plained that the Army through their quate facilities to isolate and treat them shoUld like to ask the Senator from strict regulations as to the qualifications and train them at the same time. No South Dakota to clear up another point. of the men they were inducting were one need tell me that men afflicted with While co11eges doing high-school work up eliminating those who had not passed this disease cannot be trained; they can to the twelfth grade would be permitted beyond the fourth grade iri the schools of be. · I know one doctor in Mississippi in to have deferred students within -those our country. That would exclude the Oktibbeha County who every Monday grades, the right of deferment would not Alvin Yorks, of Tennessee, · and Gen. morning gives "a shot" to 125 Negro men. apply to students in the same colleges be­ Nathan Bedford Forrest, of military fame They stay out of the sawmill 1 day and yond the twelfth grade who are supposed in the Civil War, neither one of whom the other 6 days go to the .sawmill and to be doing college work. had gone beyond the fourth grade, and work at the hardest task in the world.· • 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE · 8795 Such diseases have nothing to do with ·presented a reason for making the mo­ ·fitted for war physically than older men .. the training .of men. Until the Army tion again. The field of sports offers a good test of a· officials, the generals,· absorb this great Various objections have been ad­ man's physical stamina. In major league baseball, which is a young man's sport, there reservoir of manpower,· made up of men vanced by the Secretary of War. He is are few teen-age youngsters used. who have not passed beyond the fourth a very warlike man, mind you. He is a How well we all know that. grade in school, but who are over 20 man who, if ever a question arose, would The best ballplayers are those in their years of age, who are physically fit, and determine it according to his warlike twenties. In football, the college team is cer­ who will make good fighters, ideal fight­ proclivities. He would not fear at all. tainly superior to the teen-age high-school · ers, and until the Army absorbs the great But he alone cannot determine this team. The best players on the college teams class of men who are being exempt from question. Do not forget that we have are the juniors and seniors, the very best the Army because of their own fault and an equal right of determination. Some often 23 and 24 years old, while the profes­ sional teams, made up of men above college their own acts and such an exemption may not think so. Some may think . age, are even better than the younger college should not be dignified by notice from that is a mistake, and that we should teams. In crew, which is one of the most I the Army, I shall insist it is wrong to be of a kind that would not in any way do strenuous of all exercises, the fresh who are go to the teen-age boys of 18 and 19 and other than what the military might de­ mainly 18- .and 18-year-olds ·can't stand up take them out of the schools and colleges mand of us, that we should hold ourselves against the varsity. In track, the college of the Nation and put them into the in readiness to take our medicine at all man is greatly superior to the high-schcol Army, especially when the Army will not times. I am not ready to take mine. man, and in the greatest track meet of all­ If others are ready to take theirs, well the Olympic games-many of the winners are agree to give them at least a year's train­ older men, &bove college age. Virtually no ing, although they could be inducted and and good; I quarrel with no one, but teen-age youth places in the Olympic meets. allowed to stay in school and be given I say if they are the sort of men I be­ Surveying then the field of sports which we military training at the same time, and lieve in, they will not tolerate backing know, it is apparent that teen-age youth is there would be no loss in their prepara­ and filling upon this amendment in the inferior physically to older men. That is not tion to help :(ight this war after they fashion that has characterized action to be wondered at. The boys in their teens reach the age of 21. thus far. · are not fully developed. I have tried to help perfect the bill, Many objections are made concerning Can you not see that, Mr. President? and get as many favorable things in it this matter. I have here many letters Can you not realize it? When you meet as I could, but I shall continue, so long about it.. By the way, do you realize, a boy 16 or 17 years of age and take as I represent, in part, the people of my Mr. President, that there are only two hold of his shoulders and caress him­ State, to vote against such legislation as places on earth where there is opposi­ we all love clean young men-can you that now pending under such circum­ tion to this amendment, and they are­ not realize that those men are not equal stances as I have stated. I dare say it-the Congress of the United to the older men in the world of sports, Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. States and the Parliament of Great or in any other activity requiring President, we have about reached the Britain. In the Congress of the United strength and stamina? end of the debate. So far as this body States we find bitter opposition to it so bitter that a yea-and-nay vote would ~ot As. to judgment, I suppose no one, not is concerned, we have reached the time even the testifying Army officers •. wo1,1ld con­ when we have to go upon record one way be given to the man demanding it in the tend that teen-age youth has as much judg­ or the other. House of Representatives. There is ment as the older man. Of course, I am familiar with what has bitter opposition to it, in the hope that been going on here. The Senate is fa­ its opponents will be able to bury us It is a pity that we have to take this miliar with it. My colleagues know how with an avalanche of votes in the Senate. up ourselves, that we have to determine much chance we have in presenting this Let them bury us, What difference it ourselves. We have to determine the amendment to the Senate again; but I does it make? When a man has reached virility and the strength of the young should be wanting in courage, I should be my age, one more vote does not make men as against the older ones. That in­ wanting in manhood, if I did not stand any difference; he will stand up to the formation should have been furnished here and fight again for the amendment rack and take his medicine. and vote as '\IS, it should have been given to the Com­ as we presented it a week or so ago. he pleases without regard to any of the mittee on Military Affairs, it should have We have all felt great interest in this things with which we are familiar in this been stated here; but there has been no matter; we have felt that it is most im­ debate. statement of it in this body during any portant to the fathers and the mothers The debate which has been proceeding of the time we have been considering - of this land. We have now reached a here has been predicated upon certain this question. stage in the fight when we have to say objections to the drafting of 18-year-old I read further: whether we shall put the mark of ac­ men. I wish to read a very careful re­ Today in combat judgment is necessary; port. the privates and noncommissioned officers quiescence upon an amendment which act more independently than ever before. was presented to the Senate and.adopted I believe that our present military leaders Upon their judgment 6ften depends the suc­ by a vote of 39 to 31, or whether we shall are trying to do a good job. cess of a mission and the safety of them­ put upon it the mark of our negation. We all admit that. selves and the men about them. Why should we back and fill concern­ Probably there is no difference in comage ing the amendment? What could be the They are now being tried in the fire of between the mature man anq the teen-age reason, what is there about the amend­ war. That some of them will not stand the youth. The teen-age youth may be and test is inevitable. I hope the incompetent probably is more reckless-more rash. That ment that should cause men who are may be discovered before their erroneous in war can be a real handicap. Today it is sentient, and bold, and who have no fear judgment leads us into courses of action essential that every particle o! cover be used of any kind or character to feel that they which will cause us disaster. The safety of in o1:der that one may survive and one rash must hide and bother themselves and us all depends upon competent leadership. move can endanger not only the life of the hunt a tree behind which to retire,.or do I support our leaders. I rely upon them. I individual but also the lives of the men some other thing of peculiar character? accept their judgments generally. But I about him. What is there about the amendment tnat shall not take their judgments as infallible If 50 tanks manned by teen-age youths causes that sort of thing? I am unable and I shall reject their conclusions when were put out to combat 50 tanks manned ordinary experience proves them wrong. by men in t~eir twenties and thirties, I think to see anything. I have read with interest the newspaper there would be no question as to the outcome . I see the. amendment merely as a pro­ statements to the · effect that Army officers, of the combat. In judgment, skill, and in vision which was adopted by the Senate, testifying before the committees of the Con­ physical fitnes.S the older man has the edge, for which our conferees were in honor gress, stated that these 18- and 19-year·-old and the statements of the testifying Army bound to fight, and to bring back some­ youths make the best soldiers. officers to the contrary belie our common thing_which would be like that which we I may say frankly that I do not believe experience. that statement- From what experience with teen-age gave them. It was up to them to bring youths in combat !;lid the Army officers draw back to us something of that kind. But _ Nor do I believe.it. . The very essence of tlieir conclusions? Apparently it could not tneY did not , do_ it; and why? .Echo ,anatomy convinces·one to the contrary. - have been in Russia, for we are advised that . answers-why? _I shall not _pretend to -The testifying ArJ:!lY officers seem to con­ our military· men.are not permitted to· exam­ say why. They .did.not do it,.and. now, in tend. .that-. these.. :youths.. -au~e the, phy-sical - ·ine the Russian Army at close quarters, and the last moments of this ·day, we are cream of the country and that they are better the pictures we see of the fighting Russians 8796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 are pictures of men in their twenties and 'they belong. Mr. President, 1 venture I rose to address myself very briefly thirties, fully developed and hard. It could the assertion that if we were to take a to another phase of the controversy which scarcely have been in Germany because we have been repeatedly told by our m111tary body of individuals of the same number is pending. Each morning for many experts that the German teen-age youths . and general character of those who com­ months my desk has been burdened with used on the Russian front were inferior sol­ pose this body, and if a vote were taken letters from my farming constituents diers. It could not have been in Britain, for among its membership, it would be found · which reveal the utterly impossible posi­ the British Army is not fighting there. The that its members are overwhelmingly in tion in which the individual farmer is British, although hard pressed for man­ favor of the amendment. I do not make being placed and left. More recently power, only drafted their 18-year-olds after this statement at random. That is the letters are revealing the number of the present bill went through the House, and then, apparently, not because they shown by letters which have come to me farmers who are disposing of their stock thought the draft of British· 18-year-olds · from all sorts of people. The people of and of their farm interests, and moving either necessary or desirable but only to keep the Nation want this particular result; into town for want of farm help. In step with the United States. What experi­ they want this particular amendment. connection with the pending measure we · ence there has been on th~ African desert Mr. President, it is now 25 minutes to sought to stay that tide of farm help has involved a small number of troops. Even 5. I shall not detain the Senate longer · away from the farms. We wrote in the if teen-age youths have been used there in than up to 21 minutes to 5. It will not so-called Tydings amendment. I am de- · any considerable number (which I doubt), lighted that our conferees have main- ' and even if they were used successfully, the do the Senat-e any harm to give me its whole African venture is on such small scale attention for the remaining 4: minutes, tained the Senate's position with regard and under such peculiar conditions that any so I shall continue. to that amendment. limited experience there cannot warrant any I' ask Members of the Senate to devot-e But I am led to wonder in connection sweeping conclusion. these 4 minutes to careful consideration with it about the manner in which that However, the bill to draft the 18- and 19- of this particular question, and I believe particular phase of the law is going to be year-olds appears certain of passage. There there will be no.confusion in their minds administered. The law will provide, if 1s a. movement now on to strike out the if in the action they are about to take we finally adopt the report: 1-year training period. As nearly as I can understand the position of the Army leaders they will vote just as they please and just Every registrant found by a selective service · on this, as stated in the papers, it is: as they desire. If my colleagues will local board, subject to appeal in accordance 1. That many of these boys will be used think of the lads who would be the bene­ with section 10 {a) (2), to be necessary to 1n the service and supply forces and for that ficiaries of the amendment which the and regularly engaged in an agricultural oc­ duty they do not require a. year's training. Senate adopted it will not take them long cupation or endeavor essential to the war effort, shall be deferred from training and to decide how to vote. If they will think It seems to me I have heard that today, of youth, and youth's prerogatives, service in the land and naval forces. Mr. President. youth's Wish and desire to live, they will Mr. President, I do not suppose that . It these teen-age youths are the best sol­ give our youth the benefit of the doubt anyone in this emergency is performing diers in the world, as these same Army officers a more thankless task than members of have alleged, what monstrous folly to place at least and vote to retain the Senate them in the service and supply branches amendment. If they will vote to pro­ local draft boards. My sympathies are Which certainly can be filled better with older tect our youth as youth should be pro­ with them all the way, and I rather re- . men, men who are steadier and have had more tected, there will be no trouble at all. sent the instances wherein draft boards mechanical and business experience. To put Mr. President, if this matter is taken have been reflected upon because of their the cream of fighting men into service and back to conference in the right spirit the failure to defer farm boys who were con­ supply is just nonsense. Senate amendment can be made a part sidered essential to the continuation of Next, we are told that these boys, after 4 of the law. If it is not taken back in the farm production. The local draft boards months' training, can be used as replacements right spirit, of course it will not be made quite properly resent the insinuations for divisions depleted in action. It may be that 4 months' training is better than none, a part of the law, and of course those which have been cast upon them. The but certainly these boys with 4 months' who are so anxious that youth should local boards have been quite helpful, and training are not going to be well prepared wear a uniform, and proceed to engage in in turn they are justified in turning to to destroy the enemy or to protect them­ bloody combat; perhaps, will give youth us in Washington and saying, "Do not selves. the kind of uniform they desire. But if blame us for what we are not doing. Get Senators will take this matter unto them­ busy and write the kind of law that will Mr. President, I suspend the reading selves, determine the question for them­ prevent the continuing drafting of farm of the letter at that point because of lack selves, and determine it as they think it boys." They insist tnat the call upon of time, and I do not want to bore the ought to he determined, there will be no them as members of the local boards is to Senate. difficulty. furnish a certain number of men. I Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur said, concern­ Mr. NYE. Mr. President, I voted could recite endless communities in my ing this measure, that it was a national against the teen-age draft bill at the State, as other Senators could in their disgrace. Dr. Wilbur is president of time of its original passage through the States, where local boards have no one Stanford University,"a medical man, a Senate. Since that time I have not seen to draw upon at all if they do not draw great educator, and an eminent citizen. any reason for changing the belief I en­ upon the farm population. He designates the proposed legislation as tertaiped at that time against the draft­ Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will a national disgrace. ing of these youngsters. I have been the Senator yield? Mr. President, I have received letters deeply impressed with a story, which I Mr. NYE. I yield. from persons all over the United States, believe- to be quite authentic, coming Mr. McKELLAR. I may say to the some of which are like the one I read, back with Americans who returned from Senator from North Dakota that I have . which attack the whole scheme from be­ Japan on the Gripsholm, which left Ja­ received a great number of letters from ginning to end, without rancor and with­ pan, I believe, on July 16 or 17 of this persons in my State in reference to this out nastiness. Without exception they year. Allegedly Americans returned matter. What the Senator is speaking all tell us the same thing, that we are from Japan with the story that up to of may, perhaps, be the most important going to have a terrible time if the bill is that time, even though Japan had been matter contained in the bill. It occurs enacted into law. I have before me let­ at war for something like 6 or 7 or 8 to me from reading the language and ters from all over the country, from all years, not one Japanese schoolboy had studying it carefully that this will be a kinds of people, and if Senators wish to been taken out of school, high school, or rule of conduct which will aid tremen­ see them they may see them. These let­ college. dously agriculture in our country. Does ters have come to me unsolicited. They Mr. President, for the life of me I can­ not the Senator from North Dakota agree are letters which strike at the very heart not understand why we should ask of that the rule which is here established of this difficulty. our youngsters what other nations are in subsection (k) of section 4:, will beef­ Mr. President, I say again, ·that there as yet failing to require of theirs. fective for the purpose of deferring agri­ is only one place in this country where I shall vote to return the conference cultural labor? the amendment can be defeated and de­ report to the conferees, in the hope that Mr. NYE. Mr. President, the Senator stroyed, and that is in the United States at least we can have the safeguard of from Tennessee speaks my mind very Congress. Senators may be as proud as requiring 1 year of military training for accurately on that score, and I am glad Lucifer of the particular body to which boys under 20. to see it there in the la.w, where it will 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8797 be of much aid to the local draft boards excusing a State from filling the entire ready processed and available. An effort which have been exceedingly embar­ quota originally asked for. is made from month to month to even up rassed for want of this . kind of law. Mr. GURNEY. I cannot quite accept the quotas so that the number :of men With it, I do not see that we need longer that statement. I will say that there is coming from each State into the Army is be gravely concerned about what the nothing in the law which prevents the not greater in direct ratio to population. construction of the draft boards is to be Administrator of Selective Service from than in some other. State. In the long as to what is necessary farm help. The saying to a State, "You will be short this run that course has been found to be law tells them pretty definitely what they month, but next month, or during the very successful. must do with essential farm hands. next 3 or 4 months, you can make good Mr. NYE. Very well. Take a State Mr. McKELLAR. I entirely agree the shortage.'' which is as strictly agricultural as are with the Senator; and I agree with the Mr. NYE. Is that what was done in the some of our States. It will have great statement which he has made as to the State of Washington? difficulty in filling its quotas if farm fairness and efficacy of our draft boards . Mr. GURNEY. As I remember, that hands are to be deferred in keeping with throughout the country. In my State was what was done in that particular paragraph . (k) of section 4. they are composed of the very best men case. The State.of Washington was per­ - Mr. GURNEY. Undoubtedly the local available, and they have given a great mitted to harvest its perishable fruit boards will comb closer those who are in deal of satisfaction. As the Senator crops and to pick up the quota in suc­ other occupations in such States as the knows, it is very difficult satisfactorily to ceeQ.ing months. Senator's State and my State. fill the position of a member of a local Mr. NYE. Whate:ver might be the ex­ Mr. NYE. Let me suggest to the Sen-. draft board. I believe that the pas­ cuse this month, next month would find ator that in some .such States there are sage of subsection (k) of section 4 would the State still under obligation to fulfill already local boards with no one except go a very long way toward settling our its obligation under the quota system. farm hands left on their rolls of regis­ agricultural problems. Mr. GURNEY. In accordance with the trants. Mr. NYE. I thank the Senator for direct relation to the number of I-A men . Mr. GURNEY. Then·they cannot fur­ the expression of thoughts which I so available in each State. nish any. largely share. Mr. NYE. Then it follows that with Mr. NYE. In that event what would I now come back to the problem which paragraph (k) of section 4 of the pending happen? is presented to my mind, as to the manner legislation in effect, the excusing of farm Mr. GURNEY. The quota would be in which the law would operate. Under hands who are deemed essential to farni spread over the entire State. If the sit­ the Selective Service Act the States are production would still leave each and uation sho.Uld become such that the State required to supply a certain number of every State, however largely agricultural could not furnish the men, national head­ men when the Military Establishment it might be, under the requirement of quarters would spread the quota else­ calls for men. Assume, now, an extreme furnishing its full quota. where. case of a State which has no men in it Mr. GURNEY. That is correct; but I Mr. NYE. The Senator has finally an­ except those who are engaged in agricul­ must say to the Senator that it would swered my question. tural pursuits. Certainly there are many not change the existing situation, be­ Mr. GURNEY. I thought I had an­ communities which are as strictly con­ cause the National Selective Service swered it before. fined. I know of local boards which no headquarters has already told the local Mr. NYE. The Senator's final asser­ longer have on their lists men other than boards that they should defer necessary tion is the complete answer. I appreci­ farm hands. I should like to inquire of farmers in essential agricultural indus­ ate the Senator's patience. the Senator from South Dakota what the tries. That order has been in effect for Mr. GURNEY. Heretofore, because of attitude of the Selective Service author­ many weeks. deferment of men engaged in essential ities is to be when the local boards and Mr. NYE. But they have not at the airplane industries or in steel mills, the State boards are unable to supply the same time told the States that they" quotas have been reduced, and the load number of men whom they are under call would be excused from filling in full the has been taken on by other States which to supply? With this provision in the quotas asked for under the various calls did not have such industrial deferments. law, which virtually exempts the farm which are issued for men. · Mr. NYE. I understand. I thank the hands, what is to happen to the so-called Mr. GURNEY. That is correct. Senator. quota system? Mr. NYE. Does it not follow, if that The PRESIDING OFFICER.· The Mr. GURNEY. The information on rule is to be pursued, that in some States question is on agreeing to the conference that subject from the Selective Service where the population is so largely agri­ report, headquarters in Washington is more in cultural, men will be called who would not The report was agreed to. the nature of an explanation of how they be called if they were in other States? LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM have handled the quota requirements in Mr. GURNEY. Men in some other oc­ the past year, or since the original Selec­ cupations. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I wish tive Service Act became law. They have Mr. NYE. Men in other occupations; to make a brief statement for the infor­ spread the quotas in accordance with the men with larger dependency; and men mation of the Senate. number of classified I-A men available in with greater obligations. It had been my purpose today, follow­ each State. During periods of need for Mr. GURNEY. That is correct. Men ing the consideration and disposition of agricultural workers the quotas are ad­ in a State which is not essentially agri­ the conference report, to move that the_ justed. As an example, the quota was cultural are being deferred because they Senate proceed to the ·consideration of set for the State of Washington, and it work in airplane plants. All airplane Calendar No. 1716, House bill 1024, to was found impossible to meet it because workers are being deferred because they_ amend an Act to prevent pernicious polit­ of conditions in that State. The quota are in an essential industry. Therefore ical activities, which was reported from was lowered, with the idea of making a greater load undoubtedly falls on the Committee on the Judiciary by the good the shortage a little later. farmers who are engaged in raising let­ Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRis]. Mr. NYE. In that particular instance, tuce, artichokes, or products of that kind. However, the debate on the conference respecting the State of Washington, who Mr. NYE. Does the Senator find that report has extended much longer than I made the representation to the Selective the authorities are giving any consid­ had anticipated, and therefore I shall not Service Board which brought about the eration at all to the possible necessity of make that motion today. I wish to release or excuse from filling .the qtiota? altering the quota system? state, however, that I shall make it to-· Mr. GURNEY. I ·presume, the chair­ Mr. GURNEY. Quotas are placed on morrow. men of the local boards. each State by national headquarters in· It is my understanding that a point of Mr. NYE. Or the State board? accordance with the number of men order will be made by the Senator from Mr. GURNEY. Through the State available for immediate military duty. Mississippi '[Mr. DoxEY] against the re­ board, and then on into Washington. Mr. NYE. That is correct. port of the committee. The point of Mr. NYE. Then there is nothing in the Mr. GURNEY. When the. Army's order will be presented to the Chair for law which prevents the selective-service order comes in for men, the State must his decision. . I feel that Senators ought· authorities from transferring quotas, so go to the bin to fill the order. It must to know that the point of order will be to speak, from one State to another, or · obtain the men from those who are al- raised tomorrow. As I understand, from 8798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 12 a parliamentary &tandpoint the point of The C:e:IEF CLERK. A bill

Columbia or any of his assistants. Any asso­ procedure in improving condition~ in the condemned _building or part of building at a ciation or corporation violating the provisions city. Therefore it is requested by . the date subsequent to the date of service of the of this section shall, upon conviction, be fined District authorities that the law be notice on any owner or the latest date of not more than $300." service on any part owner, after 15 days, ex­ amended as indicated in the bill. There clusive of Sundays and legal holidays, from . Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, this· bill is also a clarifying amendment to be of­ the date on which said copy of such order provides a penalty for the doing of busi­ fered to this bill. of condemnation was so affixed." ness in the District of Columbia by co­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there SEc. 4. Section 7 of said act, as amended, operative associations unless they are objection to the request of the Senator is further amended by striking therefrom the licensed. They have been required to pay from Ohio? words "where the repairs and;or alterations fees in the past, but no penalty has been There being no objection, the Senate necessary to· remedy the conditions which led provided for. cases in which they did not proceeded to consider the bill, which was to the condemnation thereof cannot be made do so. The pending bill applies a penalty read, as follows: at a cost not greater than 50 percent of the present reproduction cost of said building as in that situation. There is a clarifying Be it enacted, etc., That section 3 of the act may be agreed upon by a majority of said amendment which I desire to present. entitled "An act to create a board for the board," and also the words "carelessness or The PRESIDING OFFICER. The condemnation of insanitary buildings in the willful recklessness in." amendment will be stated for the infor­ District of Columbia, and for other pur­ SEc. 5. Section 8 of said act is hereby mation of the Senate. poses," approved May 1, 1906, is hereby amended to read as follows: amended to read as follow&: The CHIEF CLERK. On page 1, it is pro­ "SEc. 3. That said board for the condemna­ "SEc. 8. That whenever said board for the posed to strike out lines 3 to 7, inclusive, tion of insanitary buildings be, and it- is condemnation of insanitary buildings is in and in lieu thereof to insert the follow­ hereby, authorized to investigate, through doubt as to the ownership of any building ing: "That sections 41 and 44 of the Dis­ personal inquiry and inspection by the mem­ or part of a building, the condemn'ation of trict of Columbia Cooperative Association bers thereof, and through inquiry anq in­ which is contemplated, because the title spection by officers, agents, and employees, thereto is in litigation, said board may notify Act, approved June 19, 1940, are amended . all parties to the suit and may report the to read as follows:". appointed or detailed for that purpose, into the sanitary condition of any building or part circumstances to the corporation counsel of The·amendment was agreed to. of a building in said District, except such as the District of Columbia, who may bring such Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, for the are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the circumstances to the a tten t:.on of the court RECORD I wish to say that the purpose United States. If any building or part of in which such litigation is pending for the of the clarifying amendment is merely building be found, as a result of such inves­ purpose of securing such order or decree as to correct the date and reference to the tigation, to be in such insanitary condition will enable said board to continue such pro­ title mentioned in the amendment. The · .as to endanger the health or the lives of the ceedings looking toward condemnation, and occupants thereof or of persons living in the such court is hereby authorized to make such title to the pending bill should alS(} be decrees and orders in such pending suit as corrected. vicinity, said board shall cause a notice to be served on each owner or part owner of such may be necessary for that purpose." The PRESIDING OFFICER. The building requiring him to show cause, with­ SEc. 6. Section 14 of said act, as amended, question is on the engrossment and third in a time to be fixed by the board, why such is hereby repealed. reading of the bill. building or part of building should not be SEC. 7. The Commissioners of the District The bill was ordered to be engrossed condemned. The time to be fixed by the of Columbia are hereby authorized to 'pre­ for a third reading, read the third time, board shall not be less than 10 days, exclu­ scribe reasonable penalties of fine not to ex­ and passed. sive of Sundays and legal holidays, after the ceed $300 or imprisonments not to exceed 10 The title was amended so as to read: date of service of said notice, unless the board days, in lieu of or in addition to any fine, for "A bill to amend the District of Columbia shall find that the condition of said premises the violation of any building regulation pro­ is such as to cause immediate danger to the mulgated under authority of the act of Con­ Cooperative Association Act, approved health or lives of the occupants thereof or of gress entitled "An act to authorize the Com­ June 19, 1940." persons living in the vicinity, in which event missioners of the District to make and enforce CONDEMNATION OF INSA'NITARY the board may fix a lesser time. If the owner regulations relative to the sale of coal, and BUILDINGS or part owner of such building, within the also building regulations," approved June 14, 1878, and any regulation promulgated under Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, I ask time to show cause fixed by said board, shall ~n writing request a hearing before said authority of the act entitled "An act to au­ unanimom.. consent that the Senate pro­ board, said board shall fix a time and place thorize the Commissioners of the District of ceed to consider Calendar No. 1702, for such hearing and shall notify the person Columbia to make police regulations for the Senate bill 2734, relating to the creation requesting the same. If, within the time to government of said District," approved Jan­ of a board for the condemnation of in­ show cause fixed by the board, or at such uary 26, 1887, and any regulation promulgated sanitary buildings in the District of Co­ hearing, if the same be requested, the owner under authority of section 2 of the joint reso­ or part owners shall fail to show cause suffi­ lution entitled "Joint resolution to regulate lumbia. cient in the opinion of a majority of said licenses to proprietors of theaters in the city The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill board to prevent the condemnation of such of Washington, District of Columbia, and for will be reported by title for the informa­ building or part of building, said board shall other purposes," approved February 26, 1892. tion of the Senate. issue an order condemning such building or The CHIEF CLERK. A bill (S. 2734) to· part of building, and shall cause a copy of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ amend an act entitled "An act to create such order to be served on each owner or part ator from Ohio proposes an amendment, a board for the condemnation of insani­ owner thereof, and a copy to be affixed to the which will be stated: tary buildings in the District of Colum­ building or part of building condemned." The CHIEF CLERK. On .page 4, it is SEc . . 2. Section 4 of said act is hereby proposed to strike out section 4, lines 7 to bia, and for other purposes," approved amended to read as follows: May 1, 1906, as amended, .and for other 14, inclu~ive, and in lieu thereof to insert "SEc. 4. That from and after 15 days, ex­ the follQwing: purposes. clusive of Sundays and legal holidays, after Mr. BURTON. Mr. President, this bill a copy of any order of condemnation has SEc. 4. Section 7 of said act, as amended, is has to do with the board for the condem­ been affixed to any condemned building or amended to read as follows: nation of insanitary buildings in the Dis­ part of building no person shall occupy such "SEc. 7. The owner or owners of any build­ trict of Columbia. There has been an building or part of building." ing or buildings condemned under the pro­ extremely cumbersome system in the SEc. 3. Section 5 of said act is hereby visions of this act, which cannot be so amended to read as follows: changed or repaired as to remedy the condi­ District under which, when procedure "SEC. 5. That no person having authority to tion which led to the condemnation thereof, was taken to condemn a building, a hear­ prevent shall permit any building or part of shall demolish and remove such building or ing would be held before a committee of building condemned to be occupied, except part of building within the time to be speci­ officials of the District, and if objection as specially authorized by the board for the fied by said board in the order of condemna­ was taken to their finding, another com­ condemnation of insanitary buildings in the tion. And if any owner or part owner shall mittee could be appointed by the court District of Columbia under authority of sec­ fail or refuse to demolish and remove said and the entire procedure reviewed, not tion 6 of this act, after 15 days, e~clusive building or part of building within the time by the court, but by a second committee. of Sundays and legal holidays, from and after so specified he shall be deemed guilty of a the date of service of a copy of the order o! misdemeanor and liable to the penalties pro­ It has been found that in these days, condemnation on the owner of such build­ vided by section 13 of this act, and such when ther'e is necessity for condemning ing; or, if ,there be several part owners of building or part of building shall be demol­ a number of insanitary buildings in the such building, from the latest date of service ished and removed under the direction of the District, that practice has resulted in a on any part owner; or, if a copy of such order board for the condemnation of insanitary considerable handicap to the orderly of condemnation has been affixed to the buildings in the District of Columbia, and. 8800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE NOVEMBER 12 the cost of such demolition and remova1, in­ due process of law is afforded a property The bill was ordered to be · engrossed cluding the cost of making good damage to owner by giving him an opportunity to ap­ for a third reading, read the third· time, adjoining premises (except such as may have pear before and be heard by the adminis­ and passed. resulted from carelessness or willful reckless­ trative board. Section 3 of the existing act ness in the demolition or removal of such (sec. 5-603, D. C. Code 194:0) is amended by WOMEN'S COAST GUARD AUXILIARY building), and the cost of publication, if any, section 1 of this bill so as to provide for Mr. PEPPER. Mr. President, I ask herein provided for, less the amount, if any, such hearing upon request. Of course, this unanimous consent that the Senate pro­ received from the sale of the old material, bill does· not deprive a property owner of h is shall be.assessed by the Commissioners of the right to resort to the courts if the Board ceed to consider Calendar No. 1709. District of Columbia as a tax against the should be guilty of arbitrary action. Section House bill 7629, to provide a Women's premises on which such building or part of 3 of the act is also amended by reducing the Auxiliary Corps for the Coast Guard. building was situated, such tax to be col­ time in which the owner must show cause The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there lected in the same manner as general taxes from 20 days, exclusive of Sundays and legal objection? are collected in the District of Columbia." holidays, to 10 days, exclusive of Sundays and There being no objection, the Senate legal holidays. The amendment was agreed to. proceeded to consider the bill San Francisco, Cali­ Dames Club, which is composed of the wives of Price Administration should do more than fornia, tr be collector of internal revenue for of students. Mrs. Barela read a paper by merely ask consumers to boycott violators of the first district of California, in place or Mrs. Agatha Adams of the university's war price and rationing regulations. It should Clifford C. Anglim, resigned; information center in which Mrs. Adams de­ promote the organization of consumers and Several senior surgeons to be medical di­ scribed the consumers' information literature bring consumers into its enforcement ma­ rectors in the Public Health Service; available at the center. chinery, making that enforcement machinery Dental Surgeon Henry T. Dean to be a senior At a meeting of the new board of directors more effective by creating a ·Nation-wide sys­ dental surgeon in the Public Health Service; last Monday evening Mr. Breckenridge was tem of volunteer price checkers and quality Several assistant surgeons to be passed as­ appointed counsel of the association and wardens to cooperate with the Office of Price sistant surgeons in the Public HeaJth Service; Mr. Lebrun was appointed executive secre­ Administration. Several engineers to be passed assistant tary. (7) We are in sympathy wit~ Henry C. sanitary engineers in the Public Health Serv­ Morgenthau and the Treasury Department's ice; and opposition to a general Federal sales tax. If Several engineers to be assistant sanitary CHAPEL HILL, N. c., October 28, 1942. taxes are needed to control inflation, we· ad­ engineers in the Public Health Service. . DEAR SENATOR REYNOLDS: Thank you very vocate a tax on expenditures, above the mini­ By Mr. CONNALLY, from the Committee on much indeed for your kind note of the 21st. mum essentials of existence, iii proportion 'to Foreign Relations: We would like to have those resolutions the luxuriousness of the expenditures. We Walter Thurston, of Arizona, now a For­ made a matter of public record. Future his­ are opposed to all taxes which burden most eign Service officer of class 1 and lately Min­ torians, delving through the CONGRESSIONAL heavily those who are least able to pay taxes ister Counselor at the American Embassy in RECORD, may be interested to find that addi­ or which increase the cost of living for con­ Moscow, to be Envoy Extraordinary and Min­ tional bit of evidence that the people-in sumers in proportion to their needs rather ister Plenipotentiary of the United States of the midst of a war that all recognized was than in proportion to their ability to pay. America to El Salvador. "all out"-were out in front of their leaders. (8) To finance the war to the utmost prac­ By Mr. HILL, from the Committee on Mili­ Whether you approve of all of the items ticable extent through current revenues, and tary Affairs: there or not, would you be .so cood as to have to drain off surplus funds of individuals who Maj. Gen. Mark Wayne Clark (lieutenant these resolutions inserted in the CoNGRES­ might use them, .directly or indirectly, to pro­ colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States, SIONAL RECORD somewhere under your leave mote inflation, we favor drastic increases in for temporary appointment as lieutenant to print or to extend remarks. When you the taxes on income, wages, salaries, wealth, general in the Army of the United States, do, I would appreciate your sending me a profits, bequests, and inheritances. To the under the provisions of law. note of the date and page number where it same end, we advocate compulsory savings, By Mr. GILLETTE, from the Committee on appears and, if possible, a copy of the issue graduated in proportion to ability to save­ that is, without sacrificing the minimum re­ Naval Affairs: of the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD that carries the Medical Director Ross T. Mcintire to be item. quirements of health, decency, and efficiency in the war effort. Surgeon General and Chief of the Bureau of Again thanking you. Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Sincerely yours, (9) If our Nation is to be spared and our HARVEY LEBRUN, way of life is to continue, we must devote all the Navy, with the rank of rear admiral, for Acting Executive Secretary, Consumers our resources in men, women, children, a term of 4 years; Medical Director Charles 'S. Stephenson to Association of Chapel Hill and money, goods, and materials to the prosecu­ tion of the people's war. This entails sacri­ be a medical director in the Navy, with the Orange County, N. C. rank of rear admiral, for temporary servic·e, Whereas our country is engaged in a war fices which the people are ready to make now without waiting for the fall of elections to be while serving as Director of the United States which requires the united support and action over, and to a much larger extent than seems of America Typhus Commission, to rank from of all the people; and to be believed by certain leaders of our Gov­ the 4th day of November 1942; and Whereas full success in the war effort of ernment. Capt. WalterS. DeLany to be a rear admiral the people has been, and still may be, threat­ (10) To make sure, however, that these in the Navy, for temporary service, to rank ened by rising prices and lowering quality of wartime sacrifices are universal and equal, from the 16th day of May 1942. consumer goods, and by unequal distribution and are utilized to the fullest advantage of By Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee on of the burdens of the war and of the war's the war effort, of wartime agriculture, and of Post Offices and Post Roads. financing; and essential production for the war, as well as to Sundry postmasters. Whereas our President has laid down a help prevent inflation, profiteering, racketeer­ POSTMASTER AT RALEIGH, N. C. program for stopping the further spiral of ing, and sabotage, we join with the American tnflation and for safeguarding the Nation's Legion in demanding the' conscription of all Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, to­ economy; 'l'herefore be it the human and physical resources of the Na- day the Committee on Post Offices and 8802 CONGRESSIONAL RECO.RD-HOUSE NOVEMBER 12 Post Roads reported the nomination of whose term ot oftlce expired on Ma~h 31, Dennis S. Inscoe to be postmaster at 1942. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WoRK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATOR Raleigh, N.C. The senior Senator from THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1942 North Carolina [Mr. BAILEY] is a mem­ James M. Bryant, of MisSissippi, to be Work ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Projects administrator for Mississippi, ef­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Post Roads, and he has requested that I fective as of November 9, 1942, vice Q. Edward The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera ask unanimous consent for the immedi­ Gatlin, deceased. Montgomery, D. D., offered the follow­ ate consideration and confirmation of TEMPORA'RY APPOINTMENT IN THE ARM'f OF THE ing prayer: UNITED STATES Mr. Inscoe's nomination. Our Father in heaven, we thank Thee Mr. McNARY. Did the Senator state Maj. Gen, Mark Wayne Clark (lieutenant for the blessed gift of life, whose imperial the nomination had been reported from colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States, for temporary appointment as lieutenant spirit falls upon the homelands of the the committee? general in the Army of the United States, soul; grant that our great purpose shall Mr. McKELLAR. Yes; it has been re­ under the provisions of section 127a, National be to live wisely, labor industriously, and ported. Defense Act, as amended. at the last hand it back to Thee without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there blemish. In this wondering world we objection to the immediate consideration CONFIRMATIONS pray for a yearning sense of incomple~e­ of the nomination? The Chair hears ness; do Thou help us to stress the un­ none, and the clerk will state the nomina• Executive nominations- confirmed by realized and thus grow in understanding tion. the Senate November 12, 1942: and knowledge. Be pleased to fill up the The Chief Clerk read the nomination IN THE NAVY open spaces of our characters with those of Dennis S. Inscoe to be postmaster at TEMPORARY S!:RVIC:S fine aspirations and loves which shall Raleigh, N. C. To be rear admirals never fail nor die. The PRESIDING OFFICER. -Without Charles H. McMorris Almighty God, an old world is dying, objection, the nomination is confirmed, Calvin H. Cobb to us it will never be the same, a new and the President will be notified. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR SERVICE one tarries to be born without legions, If there be no further reports of com­ To be assistant dental surgeons the triumph of the regal spirit of man. mittees, the clerk will state the nomina­ John L. Bi.Odetmann James R. Robinson We wait, dear Lord, and pray for an early tions on the Executive Calendar. Frank J. Kalas Edward A. H. Gargiulo victory which shall bring the glad tidings POSTMASTERS Joseph H Scanlon Clinton 0. Olsen of freedom fi"om the suffering pangs of Frank J. Smith Richard A. Soja destitution and. slavery. Oh prepare us The Chief Clerk proceeded to read John F. Bowman David P. Dobson for the use of an inevitable weapon in sundry nominations of postmasters. Leo E. Brenning Leonard E. Curphey the progress of humanity, delivering us Mr. McKELLAR. I ask that the post­ Howard W. Pierce Damon E. Bernard from the bludgeon of force. Let the ag­ master nominations be confirmed en George E. Madden Fl·ank M. Wentz gressors against human freedom go down bloc. George T. Moore, Jr. Stephen E. Thorne Angelo B. Costa. William J. Stevenson amid clouds as black as have ever been The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without John H. Cathcart Robert E. Woolwine, woven out of shame and dishonor. In objection, the nominations are confirmed Ricbard J. Warnecke Jr. the name of the Christ, the Prince of en bloc. Gordon L. Miller Frank C. Blair, Jr. Peace. Amen. THE NAVY ·Benjamin F. Haymes Phillip R. Zeitsoff Emil A. Bolline Wilbert C. Manke The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ The Chief Clerk proceeded to read Duane R. Shiffert Warren E. Thornburg terday was read and approved. sundry nominations in the Navy. · Gilbert Klein Frank J. Losey MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous Leonard L. Dalley Fred .:r,.. Losee consent that the Navy nominations be Wendell J. Schwoerer Glenn D. Richardson A message in writing from the Presi­ confirmed en bloc. Kenneth · L. Morgan Wilbur J. Sunderman dent. of the United States was communi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Bill J. Harris Chr~topher E. Thoro- cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of objection, the nominations are confirmed Lyndon M. Virkler linson. Jr. his secretaries, who ·also informed the Von Rue McAtee Charles c. Pruitt, Jr. en bloc. Robert J. McGuane William P. Jones House that on November 9, 1942, the THE 'MARINE CORPS William H. Gibbons, Benson N Redding President approved and signed bills of The chief clerk proceeded to read sun­ Jr. Thaddeus H. Williams the House of tlie following titles: dry nominations in the Marine Corps. George W. Ferguson James W. Cummins H. R. 7491. An act to provide for the grant­ Albert L. Vogel, Jr. Jackson F. McKinney ing of rights-of-way for pipe lines for petro­ Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Marine Albert C. Matt Donald R. Bragg leum and petroleum products and for tele­ Corps nominations be confirmed en bloc. Frank S. Wozniak, Jr.Frederic S. Hill phone and/or telegraph lines along and across The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Roman G. Ziolkowski certain parkway lands in the District of Co­ objection, the nominations are confirmed IN THE MARINE CORPS lumbia; and en bloc. ' H. R. 7621. An act to amend the District Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Presi­ PROMOTIONS of Columbia Unemployment Compensation dent be immediately notified of all con­ To be major3 Act. firmations made today. Luther S. Moore ADJOURNMENT OVER Charles J. Schlapkohl The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Elliott E. Bard Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Spe!::.ker, I objection, the President will be notified ask unanimous consent that when the forthwith. To be first lieutenant House adjourns today it adjourn to meet ADJOURNMENT Henry A. Ellis, Jr. on Monday next. Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ To be second lieutenants The SPEAKER. Is there objection? sion, I move that the Senate adjourn. Frank X. Reagan Beverly H. Spencer There was no objection. Rupert C. Henley Ralph A. Weller The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 Louis C. Griffin William L. Bates, Jr. SIGNING OF TEEN-AGE BILL o'clock and 8 minutes p. m.) the Senate Wallace Springstead Thomas A. Durham, Jr. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I adjourned until. tomorrow, Friday, No­ Malcolm S. crook Ronald Jarvis, Jr. ask unanimous consent that, notwith­ vember 13, 1942, at 12 o'clock noon. Joseph T. Smith, Jr. Edward B. Harrison standing the adjournment of the House, Richard M. Elliott John I. Loy the Clerk be authorized to receive a mes­ NOMINATIONS Herbert E. Pierce Wayne "D" Hudson Raymond c. Portlllo sage from the Senate and the Speaker Executive nominations received by the PosTMASTERS be authorized to sign the enrolled bill of Senate November 12, 1942: tlie House Boston, Mass., to be Joseph P. Sullivan, Whiting. comptroller of customs in customs collec­ liability. tion district. No . .4, with headquarters at NORTH CAROLINA The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Boston, Mass., in place of Samuel T. Ladd, Dennis Staton Inscoe, Raleigh. There was no objection. 1942· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· 8803-

LE~ VE To· ADDRESS · TilE: HOUSE. · EXTENSION OF REMARKS Elected to the Federal House in the -middle 1920's to serve out an unexpired term, Mr. RANKIN of Mississippi. Mr. Mr. DOWNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. Spearing repeatedly was reelected "on Speaker, I .ask unanimous consent that at unanimous consent to extend my remarks his own," his congressional sel'vi.ce ex­ the conclusion of the special orders to- in the RECORD. tending from 1924 to 1931. Member of fra­ day, I be permitted to address the House The SPEAKER. Is there objection? ternal societies, social clubs, and carnival or., for 20 minutes upon the subject of the There was no objection. ganizations, Mr. Spearing lived a full and in­ British Commonwealth of Nations. LEAVE TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE teresting life, honored for his civic services The SPEAKER. Is there objection? and high professional character and ability, There was no objection. Mr. PIERCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask and enjoying a wide popularity earned by his unanimous consent that on Thursday kindly and engaging personal qualities. Th:s GASOLINE RATIONING next, the 19th of November, I ·be per- newspaper· joins in the sincel'e·, community­ wide tender of condolence to the 'surviying Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask mitted to address the House for 30 members of his family. unanimous consent to address the House minutes after other special orjers. for 1 minute and revise and extend my The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [From the New Orleans Item of November 3, remarks. There was no objection. 1942] The SPEAKER. Is there objection? THE LATE J. ZACH SPEARING J. ZACH SPEARING There was no objection. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, the peo- Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask A good man and a public-spirited citizen passes on in the death of Zach Spearing at pie are greatly agitated over . the pro- unanimous·consent to proceed for 1 min­ the age of 78 years, all of which he lived ac­ posal to ration gasoline in the Midwestern ute. tively until near the end. Graduating 56 . and Central States. In my .own State The SPEAKER. Is there objection? years ago from Tulane's law school, he en­ of Indiana the workers in defense plants, There was no objection. tered practice a few years later and remained the farmers, the salesmen, the business- Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, during the in his profession uninterruptedly except for men, and people of every avocation are recent recess of the House, New Orleans 12 years as a Member of Congress. HiS in­ terest in public education was exemplified distressed over this proposed rationing lost one of its ablest and most valuable by 8 years of service on the Orleans school of gasoline, because it will have a very citizens, the Honorable J. Zach Spearing, board, of which he became president in 1919, depressing effect upon business of every who sat as a Member of the House of and also by 4 years as a member of the State kind. Representatives from the Second Con- board of education. In my own State of Indiana, which re- gressional District of Louisiana from 1924 In politics he was his own man and macte ceives its supply of oil and gasoline to 1931. Mr. Spearing was well known his affiliations as he pleased. That disposi~ largely by pipe lines, there is no trans- to many of the older Members of this tion made him a prominent and-useful par­ ticipant in more than one of the most im­ portation problem involved, and there is Chamber. He was a great civic leader in· portant reform movements of the past 40 no probl~m of using the railroads for the city of New Orleans, particularly in years. Adverse odds did not terrify him or this transportation of this ne~ded com- the field of public education, having prevent him from speaking his mj.nd and modity. However, if this proposed ra- served prior to coming to Congress as acting accordingly. . tioning of gasoline is carried out, it will president of the· Orleans Parish School Geniality and friendliness were among his directly impede business of every char- Board. The monument to his life are the most conspicuous traits. He was notable for acter, and it will, in the end, operate as many contributions which he made to charitable impulses, and, in particular, he an obstruction of our war effort. the cause of public education in our great loved children. His disposition made him a member of half a dozen fraternal organiza­ I have received many letters and peti- citY. · tions-of the Pickwick Club, the Orleans tions from people of every walk in life I join his many friends here in express­ Country Club, carnival organizations, the upon thil) r:Ubject. They realize that this ing to his family and relatives our ·sin­ Southern Yacht Club, and the Morphy Chess rationing in sections where it is unnec- ·cere sympathy and sorrow at his passing. Club. Fishing and good cheer, often com­ essary, and it-appears to be wholly un- He lived to the ripe old age of 78. bined, were his favorite diversions. His necessary in my hom·e State of Indiana, · By permission of the House I include brethren of the State and city .bar esteemed will have a very depressing effect upon herewith an editorial on Mr. Spearing him highly. And th'e wide r·ange of his con­ business of every type. It will take away from the New Orleans Times-P.icayune nections and friendships will make him many mourn~rs . · the opportunity to aid in the prosecution of November 4, and also one from the of the war on the part of many of our New Orleans Item of November 3; . EXTENSION OF REMARKS citizens, and it will have a very destruc- [From the New Orleans Times-Picayune o! Mr. LEA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ tive effect upon the many plants which November 4, 1942] · mous consent to extend my remarks in are now engaged in producing war mu- J. zAcH sPEARING the RECORD by including a speech deliv­ nitions and supplies. Thousands of Orleaiiians account the pass- ered by Senator:TRUMAN, of Missouri, to Many of the people in my section of ing of J. zach Spearing a personal as well as the American Trucking Association. the country urge that this rationing be a community loss. For that civic-spirited The SPEAKER. · Is there objection? postponed for · a period of 90 days;· and lawyer, during a long and useful career that There was no objection. . that a careful study be made of this sub- included public service, philanthropic, and Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Speaker, I ask ject before action is taken to ration this fraternal activities with the successful prac­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ commodity which will have such a dis- tice of his profession, made almost countless acquaintances that ripened into personal marks and to include an address by the astrous effect upon t h e b usiness 0 f our friendships. A lifelong friend of good causes, Director of the Budget, Mr. Harold D. country. The people want to contribute his zestful service in their behalf gave him Smith. to our war effort, b"'..lt this proposal to ra- wide contacts, won the confidence, apprecia­ The SPEAKER. is there objection? tion the commodity which is so essential tion, and liking of coworkers in many walks. There was no objection. . to business of every type will certatnly Born of New Orleans parents during the Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I slow down both business and the war ef- war of the sixties, Mr. Spearing was a lifelong ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ fort on the part of the people in my sec- resident of this city, receiving his preliminary marks in the RECORD. tion of the country. If, at the end of 90 education in its public schools, and graduat- t ing with high scholastic honors from TUlane The SPEAKER. Is there objection? days, this proposed rationing is found 0 University Law School in 1886. With his sue- There was no objection. be necessary in any s·ection of our coun- cess as a lawyer and the demands of his pri­ try-then permit the rationing in that vate practice upon his time and abilities he A SINGLE HEAD TO CONTROL OIL Ar~·o GAS section to be applied. But the people are retained his keen interest' in civic affairs and . Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. · opposed to any rationing of gasoline in found time for unselfish work in good causes. ~ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro- · those sections where gasoline is plentiful, · For 8 years he was a member of the Orleans ceed for 1 minute. and where the commerCial gasoline is Parish school board, which made him its pres­ The SPEAKER. Is there objeCtion? being wasted and destroyed because of ident. From 1916-20 he served on the State There was no objection. inadequate storage facilities. This ra- board of education. From the founding of · the Times-Democfat--now the Times-Pica- Mrs. ROGERS 'of Massachusetts. Mr. · tioning is wholly unnecessary in Indiana, yune--doll and toy fund he was a hardwor~,t- I Speaker~ we have heard much. regard- . because we -have a · surplus of gasoline. ~" ing memher ~ ot· tts general- committee; and : ifig the: rationing of gasoline. ' It seems. Therefore there should be no rationing fbr the paBt 10 years the ~'energetic chairman' to me that every indication points to the. in that section at this tiine. of its executive committee. · necessity for a single person at the bead : 8804 CONG~ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE NOVEMBER 12 of gasoline and oil. We have one for 'that you will not drive in excess of 35 THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR-ONE MOR.E rubber, and the situation in respect to miles per hour. Well, think of this. CHANCE rubber is clearing up. Today we in Mas­ Anyone driving a car today knows that Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, to some sachusetts, and even here in Washing­ when his tires are worn out he is going to the result of the election was a symptom ton, face real suffering this winter if have a pretty difficult time to get new of a mild, bloodless, political revolution, a · something is not done. The discrimina­ ones. In my opinion, the individual is repudiation of New Deal policies, of re­ tion against New England has been glar­ going to do everything he can to look sentment of war losses. To others who, · ing. The situation has grown much after his tires. So to me the enforced in­ during· the days preceding the election, worse instead of better. It is chaotic spection does not mean very much, not met the home folks in town hall, schoor­ with three or four departments having any more than that the individual will house, on the street corner, or in their control. There should not be a single have to pay several times a year to have homes, it was evidence that, unless passenger automobile used for pleasure in his tires inspected. I wonder if that is Washington mends its ways, there will my opinion if it is going to involve loss really sound, sensible business for the be a revolution of a different character. of gasoline and oil for the troops or if it Government and the rationing board. A revolution that will not be bloodless, a is going to mean that people are cold Now, another statement: revolution which may be a repetition of ­ in New England and elsewhere during I will not drive in excess of 85 miles per the French Revolution. the winter. It is an entirely inexcusable hour. This last statement may seem an exag­ situation and should be rectified at once. . Certainly we drive carefully today to geration, but to those of us who grasped . A single head control I believe would do tf)e hands and looked into the faces it. Remember, this war can be lost with­ save gasoline. When we start down a hill and let the car idle, the first thing of the parents, the wives, the sweet­ out oil-action in this matter is long hearts, who have sent their loved ones overdue. Fix the responsibility Jn one you· know you are running over 35 miles per hour on the straightway where it does to die in distant lands, it is alarmingly person and see that that person gets accurate. results. ·not require any gasoline and does not injure the tires. In an instance of this The questions which will be here asked, EXTENSION OF REMARKS kind it seems foolish to me to retard the the statements which will be here made (By unanimous consent, Mr. MASON speed of the car and use the brakes, but are but the repetition of questions which was granted permission to revise and ex­ if you do not, you are apt to exceed 35 were asked, statements which were made tend his own remarks in the RECORD.) miles per hour by some few miles and by this, that, or the other individual or - TIRE RATIONING then are subject to 10 years' imprison­ group during the campaign. When I . ment or $10,000 fine, or both. So great a state that Washington is on trial, I mean Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ that the administration, the President of mous consent to proceed for 1 minute penalty for so small an offense. and to revise and extend my remarks. Gracious," goodness, what are we com­ the United States, his advisers, .the ing to? I realize we are in war, but is bureaucrats, and the Federal agencies, The SPEAKER. Without objection, it and, please note this, the Congress of the is so ordered. that any reason for these bureaucratic There was no objection. Government agencies to issue Govern­ United States, are all on trial. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ ment regulations of this kind and impair REPUBLICANS NEED NOT CONGRATULATE EACH ceived from the Office of Price Adminis­ the efficiency of the Government in win­ OTHER tration a statement to be made out and ning the war? Sometimes I wonder Some Republicans, notably so-called sworn to, "Tire record and application where we are headed internally in our leaders, hail the election returns as a for basic mileage ration, book A or D." Government. I do not believe a lot of tribute to their astuteness. Never was a This application blank requires the ap­ these regulations that this administra- . group more mistaken. In this election plicant's name, address, and serial num­ tion is placing upon the people of this the leaders did not lead; the people _ bers, and name of tires. I do not have country are going to be for the good of the pushed them along or out. In what is any fault to find with any of this. country, or the winning of the war, and here said, no claim is made that it is an I believe this regulation I call attention expression of all or even of a majority of However, it seems to me we are fast, to is one of them. Mr. President, get rid fast Russianizing this form of govern­ the people of the district I represent. of a lot of these brainbusters and let us What was plain is that it was the voice ment of ours. Now let me quote· the get down to sane, sensible operation of certification that one signs his name to: of a number of the people expressing our Government in wartime before it is agreement with each and every state­ I hereby certify that there is no gasoline too late. ment made and that each and every ration book outstanding for use in connec­ [Here the gavel fell.] tion with the motor vehicle herein described, statement came from an earnest, con- · except as listed above; that said motor ve­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS scientious, loyal American, determined hicle is in use; that the tires on this vehicle Mr. BOGGS .. Mr. Speaker, in connec­ to win the war, but to put an end to all will be kept in serviceable condition by repair those things which are hindering the war and not operated beyond the recapping tion with my remarks made earlier, I ask unanimous consent to have incor­ effort, which threaten the destruction of point; that I will not drive in excess of 35 our form of government. miles per hour; that no passenger-car tires porated in the RECORD two editorials from in excess of those listed above, except those New Orleans newspapers. THE ELECTION RESULT DUE TO RESENTMENT mounted on other motor vehicles or equip­ The SPEAKER. Without ·objection it The election result, in the judgment of ment (including one spare per motor vehicle), is so ordered. are owned by the registered owner of the those with whom I have since talked, in vehicle or by any person living in his house­ There was no objection. my o~n judgment, was due not to any ag­ hold and related to him by blood, marriage, · Mr. WOODRUFF' of Michigan. Mr. gressive, constructive, policy on the part or adoption; and that all of the statements Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex- · of the Republican organization, but to contained herein are true and accurate to tend my remarks in the RECORD and to resentment because of the manner in the best of my knowledge. include therein an editorial from the which the New Deal first wasted the Then, beside the signature, in a square Detroit Free Press. money of the taxpayers and since the· box in heavy black ink, you read the The SPEAKER. Without objection, it war began has devoted a large share of following: is so ordered. its effort toward the advancement of its There was no objection. own political interest at the expense of Section 35 (A) of the United States Crim- · inal Code makes it a criminal offense, pun­ Mr. YOUNGDAHL. Mr. Speaker, I . preparedness and an efficient carrying on ishable by a maximum of 10 year's imprison­ ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ of the war. ment, $10,000 fine, or both, to make a false marks and include a resolution passed by For almost 10 years the new dealers statement or representation to any depart­ the Minnesota Car Dealers' Association.· have been guilty of waste, extravagance, ment or agency of the United States as to The SPEAKER. Without objection, it and inefficiency. They have deliberately any matter within the jurisdiction of any is so ordered. circumscribed and reduced the liberty of department or agency of the United States. · There was no objection. the citizen. They have been guilty of In the above certification you state - The SPEAKER. Under previous order ~ranting special privileges to powerful that. the tires on the vehicle will be kept of the House, the gentleman from Micll,­ political groups in return for political in serviceable condition by repair and not . igan [Mr. HoFFMAN] is recognized for support. The administration, and that operated beyond the recapping point, 25 minutes. includes the President himself, has ex- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8805 tended special favors to labor politicianS, · government, and if the small group of cent of the average nonfarm housewives and to labor racketeers at the expense internationalists who think they see in over 45 years of age without children in of the average citizen through the denial this war an opportunity to destroy our war industries; that 15 percent of the of protection of constitutional rights to national existence-make us a part of. a youth between 14 and 19 who would nor-· American workers-American citizens. super united states of the world-have mally be in school and 15 percent of the FOREIGN POLICY NOT APPROVED such an idea in the back of their heads, workers who normally retire from work they better get rid of it or prepare to do will be required to serve in industries. · The people with whom I talked had no some fighting themselves. They know, too, that to support the admiration for the provocative foreign Women and men who have lost their armed force demanded by the President policy of the President which did not loved ones in this struggle are going to it will be necessary to establish an aver­ keep us out of war. They had no pa­ fight with a fury and a determination age 40-hour week for all workers-men tience with the policy of the rPesident that has never been surpassed to pre­ and women, young and old. They know which followed a line which day after serve here in America the liberty de­ that even when all these demands have day and month after month threw us clared in Independence Hall, won by the been met the production of goods for ever nearer the war and which in the end ba1:efoot, half-famished $Oldiers of the civilian use will have to be reduced by permitted us to become involved in the Revolution. one-third. The people know that this war unprepared. . Yes; the people with whom I talked administration so far has not permitted FORGIVEN BUT NOT FORGOTTEN during the campaign are back of this Congress to take the steps necessary to The people to whom I refer are willing war, not because they believe it was nec­ support such an armed force. to forgive the administration's folly, its essary, not because they believe it was Our people who have seen the land mistakes, its stupidity which occurred inevitable, not because they believe it is stripped of those who must furnish the prior to Pearl Harbor, but they have no being fought to preserve the so-called labor to supply the food if the armed patience with and they will not tolerate American way of life, but they are back force and the civilian population is to any charges of lack of patriotism on the of it because we are in it and they are live know that failure awaits us if that part of those who were pro-American, determined that it shall be won. policy is not changed. who wanted to prepare for national de­ As one sailor on furlough from active Our farmers whose young men have fense, who wanted to avoid war. They duty said to me at one of those meetings, gone to the war, who have been fo:rced to have no patience with, and they are re­ after he asked me, "For what are we give up the culti-vation of the land, are sentful toward, those rabid intervention­ fighting?" and I had suggested that some impatient when they learn that Walter ists with financial connections abroad; answers might tend to impair his fight­ Reuther has been deferred from military those who are more interested in pre­ ing spirit he made answer, "Mr. HoFF­ service. Walter Reuther is the man who serving and increasing our opportuni­ MAN, nothing that can be said will lessen when in Russia with his .bro thel' wrote ties for v:orld trade than they are in our determination to win this war, but back to his comrades in Detroit that they maintaining our constitutional rights, in we know" and by "we" he meant the should "fight for a Soviet America." preserving the "four freedom~" here at boys on his shiP-"that Ne are not fight­ Walter Reuther is the man who was one home. ing for the 'four freedoms• here at home." of the leaders in the bloody violence dur­ THE PEOPLE BELIEVE IN AMERICA· He further said that unless we watch ing the sit-down strikes in Flint, Mich., The· people have no patience with those in Washington, we will lose those in 1937. Walter Reuther is the man who those, however high-minded they may be, "four freedoms," find them absent when has been in the forefront in so many who would join the whole world in a com­ we return. Then he said, "We are going of the strikes, the beatings, and the slug­ mon brotherhood-by the sword force to win this war; we are going to fight gings which have held up production in the people of India-all other peoples­ until it is won; but when we come back, Michigan, which intimidated law-abid­ to accept our or England's political theo­ the people in Washington are going to ing citizens. ries of government. They are angry­ answer to us." Walter Reuther is the man who is the deeply angry-at those who tell us that An ensign from the Navy on leave for pet of this administration and he is the after this war is over-that after the vic­ the first time in 5 months, with a brother man who has so often instigated action in tory has been won-the American farmer in the service, made a similar statement . violation of our laws. Yet he escapes must furnish a quart of milk to every in­ to me. combat service through the action of a habitant of the world; that the American A mother who came up with tears in Federal agency while the farmers' sons farmer must furnish the raw materials her eyes to grasp my hand and urge me march off to war. Reuther rematns here to feed and to clothe every individual to fight for the maintenance of our con­ at home to create dissension in the ranl{s member of a world-wide population, even stitutional form of government, a woman of the workers-carry on political cam­ though they choose to sit in idleness. who had lost one son, who had two others paigns in behalf of the New Deal, smear They have become resentful toward in the armed force, made a similar state­ Republican candidates while other men those who tell us that we must not only ment. are dying in defense of our country. finance this war; that millions or more BACK OF THE WAR? Our people are disgusted because the of our young men, the pride of our land, Yes; our people are back of the war. President takes under his protection the must die on foreign . soil, playing· the but they have not been fooled as to why notorious Walter Winchell, known by game of the world, but that we must feed or how we became involved. Nor have hundreds of thousands of our people to and finance the world after the war. they any mistaken notion as to the issue be a dirty, lying spreader of scandalous involved. They are not unaware of what gossip and of false charges. REMEMBER-WE ARE PRO-AMERICAN the Communists and the new dealers Our people are astounded when they If those internationalists who live will do to this Government of ours if learn that the Communist, Earl Browder, along the eastern seaboard have the idea they are given an opportunity. Our the leader of .the Communist Party in that the patience of the American peo­ people know that this administration is America, twice convicted and sentenced ple is inexhaustible; that the financial not devoting its undivided efforts to the to prison, released by the order of the interests of the East, with their foreign winning of the war, nor to war produc­ President himself, goes without rebuke connections; that the great corporations, tion. from the President to the city of Chicago with their interlocking boards of direc­ Our people are aware that the Presi­ and assails the patriotism of Senator tors on which sit financiers from the dent is now calling for an armed force of BROOKS, a veteran seven times wounded Old World, which are in effect but the 9,500,000 by the end of 1943. They have in the First World War, solely because tail on the dog, are, after our armies been told by the Brookings Institution BRooKs was a candidate for United States have been successful, going to wag the that it will be necessary to increase the Senator on the Republican ticket. dog, they better prepare for a war here number of workers by 6,400,000 persons. I say the absurdity of it! It outrages at home. The Middle West has fqught. That even if the administration plan to the sense of decency of every patriotic The Middle West ·can fight. The Middle import 150,000 Mexican workers goes American here. West will fight for the preservation of through, the increase in the armed force The people in my district did not vote a national independent constitutional will make it necessary to employ 60 per- for me because they like me; they do L:XXXVIII--555 8806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE NOVEMBER 12 not; they tell me so to my face . . They Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky, Nearly of Washington? They quit work because did not vote for me because theY. think every Sunday night we listen to some of working on Armistice Day _they were not I am smart; they. know I am not; they the speeches of Walter Winchell, and in to receive pay and a half instead of regu­ voted for me because they know I rep­ all of his tirades he directs attention to lar pay-for example, a dollar and a half resent here in Washington their convic­ the gentleman from Michigan. I would instead of the regular dollar an hour. tions; that is why they voted, by the like to know what success the gentleman The boys fighting in Africa, in the largest percentage-69 percent of the from Michigan had in his district; what Solomon Islands, all over the world, on vote cast-the largest percentage that his majority was, and so forth. I would every continent, on every sea, did not lay was ever given, to send me back. Do not like to know that. down their guns yesterday, on Armistice make any mistake about this. · There is Mr. HOFFMAN. In the last Presiden­ Day. Yet here in Washington, on the · no conceit in my mind; I am not deceived tial year, with the wonderful Willkie ora­ President's doorstep as it· were, thou­ about that vote. I do not take it as a tory and all that, the vote for Congress­ sands of workers on Government jobs, compliment; it was not; it was a re­ man was 61 percent. This time it was one of which was the $70,000,000 war pudiation of some of the things that 69 percent of the total vote. building, quit, refused to work yesterday have been going on not only in the ad­ Mr. Speaker, do not misunderst~nd just because they were not given pay and ministration down here at the other end me. We are back of this war, to the very a half. Their action is due, similar action of the Avenue, but right here in con­ last word, to the very last thought, to the in the past has been due to the coddling, gress. It was a vote of protest against very last deed. But I have no patience the political conniving of this adminis­ our lack of courage to· meet and deal with and our people have no patience with tration with labor politicians and rack­ the situation which confronts us. this policy of the administration, which eteers. The President is free with his quips, hinders war production. That vote was AN END TO SPECIAL PRIVILEGES his jests, his smart remarks, he is free riot a Republican partisan vote-Demo­ Not a farmer, not a laboring man, not with his criticism, his insinuations of a crats voted that way. It was a protest-­ a man behind the counter or in business lack of patriotism on the part of his op­ an anti-New Deal vote. in the Fourth Congressional District of ponents, but we fail to find that he has When the reporters called the Presi­ Michigan is unaware of the hard, cruel ever criticized by a single word the dirty, dent's attention to the strikes which were fact that this administration is behind nasty Winchell, the convicted Browder, or interfering with war production, and he the policy which makes the American Walter Reuther, the advocate of violence, asked, "What strike~?" well might they taxpayer pay a wage and a half for every a defiance of the law, the denial of con­ have answered, "Mr. President, we refer gun, tank, ship, and plane which is pro­ stitutional rights to American workers. to the strikes instigated and carried on duced in the 8 hours which follows the Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ by your protege, Walter Reuther." . 40 hours of work in 1 week. . tleman yield? . The people are bewildered by a policy None is there who does not realize that Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield briefly. which takes their 19- and 20-year-old every implement of war produced in this Mr. COX. Maybe this Congress will boys and forces them into combat forces country is, because of the policy of the straighten itself out before the end of while at the same time it refuses to write President and his administration, if it be the war. into the law calling them to service a produced on a holiday or Sunday, made Mr. HOFFMAN. If we could have an provision guaranteeing that they- have to cost twice what it would otherwise cost. election every 6 weeks, Congress would adequate training before fighting. Their There is neither man nor woman nor get straightened out; but when we get bewilderment is not lessened when they school child 14 years of age who thinks elected we come down here and on the learn from a news dispatch from Ottawa, on the subject who does not realize that first day we are here what do we hear? Ontario, Canada, that at the ill-fated after those in munitions factories have Over on our side we congratulate each Hong Kong expedition where nearly 2,000 worked on war production 40 hours a other on the big vote we got and we tell Canadians were lost to the invading Jap­ week, if they work 8 hours more, produce each other how smart we were to get it. anese, an investigating commission of one-third less for the same money than Those on the other side possibly may. the Canadian Government admitted that they would if we had a longer workweek. shed a few tears that this one or that some of the troops were inadequately No one is so dumb that he does not under­ one will not be back again, but contend trained and lacked mechanical transport. stand and re~ent the administration's it will not be long before they will re­ With the teen-age boys being drafted policy which for a given number of dol­ turn. But we do not get down to busi­ for combat service, with no guaranty of lars gives us half as much war produc­ ness and do what is necessary to adequate training written il;lto the law, tion on holidays and Sundays as we-would straighten out the trouble. I venture to they wonder why it is that thousands get for the same amount of money were p.redict to ·the gentleman from Georgia upon thousands of apparently physically that policy not enforced. Double pay that we are not going to do anything fit men of draft age are in soft jobs in for war work; here at home-a dollar or about straightening out the labor situa­ the Federal Government. They just can­ $2 an hour just does not make sense to tion until the people get after us again. not understand why other thousands of the parents of the boy who is ·fighting in Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ union men are permitted to remain in Africa for $60 a month. The war cannot tleman yield further? positions of security, working a normal be won on a 40-hour week nor on pay and Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield briefly. workweek of 40 hours, while their boys a half or double pay for those in safe jobs Mr. COX. I want to say to the gen­ from the farms, who work 12, 14, and here at home. tleman from Michigan that there are se­ sometimes longer hours, are taken from While all know that there is this ham­ rious Members of the House who belong essential food production. pering of the war effort not all have to the Democratic Party, who are un­ Their bewilderment is increased when, understood why it has been permitted willing merely for the sake of conformity turning their hands to war production in wartime to continue. · However, many to continue to be forced into attitudes on the farm, they find themselves power­ do know and many at the polls expressed that do violence to their sense of obli­ less because the young men have gone their disapproval by their ballots-many gation to principle and to the Consti­ to the war, because they themselves can do know that this situation exists be­ tution. no longer get adequate farm equipment cause in return for these special favors Mr. HOFFMAN. I understand that. and then read, as you and I read, ac­ granted to labor leaders and labor rack­ I know what the gentleman is going to counts of strikes, slowdowns, and· work eteers the administration expects to get say. You will find it in an editorial stoppages in our factories. Amazed and and has had the political support of those appearing in the Chicago Tribune of shocked are they by these news reports labor leaders. A more corrupt war ham­ yesterday, which pays tribute to some of similar to the one which this morning pering procedure it would be difficult to the southern Members of this House. I confronted me when I picked up the imagine. hope the gentleman will put it in the Washington Times-Herald and under Mr. COX. Will the gentleman yield? RECORD. black lines, "Building unions take holi­ · Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield to the gen­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky, Will the day," learned,that "thousands on United tleman from Georgia. gentleman yield? States jobs here quit work." And why Mr. COX. I take it that the gentle­ Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield to the gentle­ did these thousands on November 11, man is of a disposition to join hands man from Kentucky. Armistice Day, quit work here in the city with others who feel they are really serv- 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8807 ants of the people to prevent this con­ as did the thoughtless, and the heedless The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tinuation of effort to reform the country in the days of the French Revolution. the request of the gentleman from Idaho completely into a state of socialist dicta... PAY DAY IS COMING [Mr. WmTEJ? torship? There was no objection. The people of America are patient; Mr. HOFFMAN. Listen, time and SILVER LEGISLATION time again in the primary, time and they are long-suffering; they are God­ time again in the campaign, I told the fearing; but let them once be convinced Mr. WffiTE. Mr. Speaker, this Con­ people to ~hom I was talking, that for that their freedom is at stake; that their gress will soon be called upon to recon­ 6 years down here the battle has not Government is playing politics with the sider and repeal all silver legislation now been between Republicans and Demo­ lives of their boys, and retribution will be on the statute books as the result of a crats, but that the fight has been between swift and sure and terrible in its conse­ well-financed and an insidious campaign Republicans and Democrats on the one quences. that has been carried on through various side and Communists and new dealers It is long past time when all Ameri­ publications in this country. To my on the other. And there is where I cans, good, bad, or indifferent, either mind, this is such an important issue to stand. I am ready to join hands with come to the aid of their country or take the American peoPlt and involves such the Democrats who stand for constitu­ the consequences. , far-reaching benefits to business and to tional government any and at all times. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE the people of this country that a UNITED STATES- INDEPENDENCE OF thorough investigation of the whole sub­ CONGRESS HAS FAILED TO LISTEN ject of the use of silver as money should The Republican Party has not as yet, THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (H. DOC. NO. 885) be conducted by this House. I have been nor have the Democrats in Congress as unable to get the Committee on Coin­ yet, listened to the resentment which has The SPEAKER laid before the House age, Weights, and Measures to conduct been growing against that ·kind of pro­ the following message from the President such an investigation. cedure throughout· the country. True, of the United States, which was read and You will find in the RECORD of Novem­ the House twice has passed legislation referred to the Committee on Insular Af­ ber 11, as a sample of the kind of cam­ which would have tended to remedy the fairs and ordered printed: paign that is being carried on against situation. But the other body across the To the Congress ot the United States: the best interests of the American people Capitol, under the influence of the Presi­ and the only profitable fiscal operation of dent, has refused to even vote upon that As required by section 7 (4) of the act of Congress approved March 24, 1934, en­ the Treasury, a statement which is a legislation. condensation of the newspaper articles There is now pending before the House titled "An act to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, appearing here in Washington, as a the Hobbs bill; so-called, which would aid part of the campaign to influence the in preventing racketeering which hinders to provide for the adoption of a constitu­ tion and a form of government for the · Congress and stampede its Members into the war effort but it has been buried repealing the only money-creating pro­ by the leadership of this .House and that Philippine Islands, and for other pur­ poses", I transmit herewith, for the in­ gram of the Treasury on which our Gov­ has caused resentment. ernment is making a profit~ WHAT THE PEOPLE WANT formation of the Congress, the fifth re­ port of the United States High Commis­ [Here the gavel fell.J Yes, the people are back of this war sioner to the Philippine Islands covering EXTENSION OF REMARKS and they mean to win it. There is, the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1940, and throughout the country wherever I have