The Excretory System Excretion

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The Excretory System Excretion ● The process by which the body collects and removes wastes ● Several organs involved in excretion ○ Minor Role ■ Liver ■ Lungs ■ Skin ○ Major Role ■ Kidneys ■ Large Intestine ■ Bladder ■ Urethra Liver ● Converts impurities and poisons in the body to less harmful substances ● Makes urea ○ Substance formed from a waste product of protein breakdown ● Some of these substances become a part of bile ● After aiding fat digestion in the small intestine, bile is eliminated from the body during stool Lungs and Skin ● Lungs ○ When you exhale lungs remove ■ Carbon Dioxide ■ Some water ○ Why can you see your breathe when it's cold outside? ● Skin ○ Sweat glands ■ Water ■ Urea Kidneys ● 2 kidneys, about the size of your fist ● Major organ of urinary system ○ Urine- Watery fluid produced by kidneys ● Filter urea and other wastes from blood ● Wastes are eliminated through urine ● Maintain water balance ○ Hot day (sweating) and little water consumption ■ Kidneys do not release much water ○ Cool day (no sweat) and drink plenty of water ■ Kidneys release more water ● Homeostasis ○ Stable internal environment The Urinary System ● Kidney ○ The kidneys produce urine by filtering urea and other wastes from the blood. ● Ureter ○ One ureter extends from each kidney. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. ● Bladder ○ The bladder is a saclike muscular organ that stores urine. ● Urethra ○ Urine travels through the urethra as it exits the body. Filtration of Wastes ● Nephrons ○ Tiny filtering units that remove wastes and produce urine ■ First both needed materials and wastes are filtered from the blood ■ Then, the needed materials are returned to the blood, and wastes are eliminated Nephron ● Blood flows from an artery into a nephron ● In the glomerulus, urea, water, glucose and other materials are filtered from the blood. ● Materials pass through the long twisting tube, surrounded by blood vessels. ● In the tube, the water and glucose are reabsorbed into your blood. ● Most of the urea and other waste stay in the tube. ● Liquid remaining in the tube is urine. Keeping Healthy ● Drinking plenty of water ○ Can dilute harmful substances ● Medical Checkups ○ Urine Tests ■ Glucose - diabetes ■ Protein - High blood pressure ● Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) ○ Bacterial infection of the urethra or bladder ○ Bacteria from digestive system come in contact with the urethra ■ Frequent painful urination ■ Blood in urine ● Prompt treatment with antibiotics ● Can lead to kidney damage Kidney Disease ● Kidney Stones ○ Pebble like masses that form in the kidney ○ Very painful ○ Most pass through excretory system on own ○ May have to have stone shattered ○ Low-sodium diet to reduce risk ● Kidney Failure ○ Result of injury, diabetes, or high blood pressure ○ Kidneys unable to remove excess waste and fluid ■ Kidney Dialysis ● Machine is used to filter waste and excess fluid from blood ● Tubes carry blood from the body through the machine ● Performed 3 times a week for 3-5 hours ■ Kidney Transplant ● Patients damaged kidney is replaced with a healthy kidney from another person.

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Primary Excretory System Organs Kidneys Are Bean-Shaped Organs of a Reddish Brown Colour That Are Found in the Sides of the Vertebral Column
Organs in the Excretory System and Their Functions The excretory system is essential to one’s health. Its responsibility is to remove waste from the body. The excretory system is made up of numerous organs that work in unison to ensure that waste is effectively removed from your body. Below are the details of the organs of excretory system, along with the roles they play in detoxification. Primary Excretory System Organs Kidneys are bean-shaped organs of a reddish brown colour that are found in the sides of the vertebral column. Once the body has extracted what it needs from food and drink, it sends the wastes to the kidneys. The kidneys filter the wastes, including urea, salt and excess water, which are flushed out of the body as urine. s 2. Skin The skin performs its excretory function via the sweat glands. These glands produce sweat that contains salt, excess oils, water, and other unnecessary substances which are then excreted out of the body through small pores. Sweating also helps to cool the body during evaporation. 3. Lungs The lungs are very important excretory organs as they expel carbon dioxide from the body via exhalation. The lungs use cells known as alveoli to remove the carbon dioxide from our blood. Otherwise, the carbon dioxide would accumulate and have a detrimental effect to our body. Accessary Excretory System Organs 1. Liver Although considered a secondary, or accessary excretory system organ, the liver plays a vital part in keeping the body clean. Harmful poisons and chemicals that are either produced in the body or consumed are broken down and detoxified by the liver.
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