iSEC XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
70042740-PF6 JULY 2018 PUBLIC
iSEC
XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
TYPE OF DOCUMENT (VERSION) PUBLIC
PROJECT NO. 70042740 OUR REF. NO. 70042740-PF6
DATE: JULY 2018
WSP 4th Floor 6 Devonshire Square London EC2M 4YE Phone: +44 113 395 6201 Fax: +44 20 7337 1701 WSP.com
QUALITY CONTROL
Issue/revision First issue Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3
Remarks First issue Final issue with client revisions Date 28/06/2018 05/07/2018
Prepared by Andrew Rudge, Reider Payne, Reider Payne Janette Platt
Checked by Janette Platt
Authorised by Jon Chandler, Jon Chandler, Associate Associate
Signature
Project number 70042740 70042740
File reference \\uk.wspgroup.com\ukce \\uk.wspgroup.com\ukce ntral\Environmental\ARC ntral\Environmental\ARC HAEOLOGY\LINC\Units HAEOLOGY\LINC\Units 1-4 East, Grantham 1-4 East, Grantham 70042740 70042740
WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1 1.2 SCOPE 1 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1 1.4 KEY HERITAGE CONSTRAINTS 1
2 PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND GUIDANCE 3
2.1 STATUTORY PROTECTION 3 2.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 3 2.3 LOCAL POLICY 4
3 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES 5
3.1 DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 5 3.2 CONSULTATIONS 6 3.3 SITE VISITS 6 3.4 ASSESSING HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE 7 3.5 ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SETTING 8
4 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT BASELINE 10
4.1 SITE LOCATION 10 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY 10 4.3 GEOLOGY 10 4.4 OVERVIEW OF PAST INVESTIGATIONS 10 4.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11 4.6 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE 13 4.7 FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL 14
5 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 16
5.1 INTRODUCTION 16 5.2 PREHISTORIC 16 5.3 ROMAN 16
XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM WSP Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 July 2018 iSEC
5.4 MEDIEVAL 16 5.5 POST-MEDIEVAL 16
6 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 18
6.1 INTRODUCTION 18 6.2 ABOVE GROUND ASSETS WITHIN THE SITE 21 6.3 SELECTED ABOVE GROUND ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE 22
7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 32
7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 OUTLINE OF THE PROPOSAL RELEVANT TO THE ASSESSMENT 32 7.3 IMPACT ON BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 32 7.4 IMPACT ON ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS 33 7.5 ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE 33
8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 42
8.1 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 44 8.2 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS 42
TABLES Table 1 - Summary of data sources 5 Table 2 - Significance of heritage assets 7 Table 3 - Setting of designated assets: assets scoped out 18 Table 4 - Predicted impacts prior to mitigation 44
APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C
WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC
FIGURES
Figure 1 – Site location
Figure 2 – Historic environment features map within the HER 1.5km radius inner study area
Figure 3 – Above-ground heritage assets scoped in beyond the HER 1.5km radius inner study area
Figure 4 – Geology map (British Geological Survey)
Figure 5 – 1809 Easton Enclosure Award and Plan (Lincolnshire Archives, Kesteven award / 32) Image © Lincolnshire County Council
Figure 6 – Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1887 (not to scale)
Figure 7 – Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1930 (not to scale)
Figure 8 – 1968 Mine Plan (Lincolnshire Archives, 15244) Image © Lincolnshire County Council
Figure 9 – Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1977–76 (not to scale)
Figure 10 – Historical Aerial Photograph (1999)
Figure 11 – Existing and proposed site layout (Marcol)
Figure 12 – Proposed Site Plan showing area of new cold store construction (currently hardstanding) (Campus Park, Site Plan, 1158 - L0101, rev E. dated 12-03-18)
Figure 13 – Proposed Sections showing height of cold store (Campus Park, 1158, B0501, rev D. dated 22-03-18)
XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM WSP Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 July 2018 iSEC
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WSP has been commissioned by iSEC to carry out a historic environment desk-based assessment (HEDBA) in advance of a proposed development by XPO Logistics at Burton Lane, Easton in Lincolnshire. The scheme comprises the redevelopment and replacement of an existing late 20th century cold storage facility, Units 1–4, occupying approximately 20% of the site, and their replacement with a new cold store facility on much the same footprint. The foundations would be piled. No basement is proposed. Several smaller structures are also proposed, together with a new car parking area in the south.
This desk-based study assesses the impact on buried heritage assets (archaeological remains) and above ground heritage assets (structures and landscapes of heritage interest) within or immediately around the site. It also considers the impact of the scheme on the historic character and setting of designated assets within and beyond the site (e.g. views to and from listed buildings and conservation areas). The site does not contain any nationally designated (protected) heritage assets, such as scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered parks and gardens. The site does not lie within a conservation area or within an area of high archaeological potential, as designated by the local planning authority. Above ground heritage The site is on a prominent location in the surrounding landscape, albeit on a site that is already developed with large-scale warehousing. The assessment has included preliminary scoping to identify which designated heritage assets might potentially be affected in terms of changes to their setting. Above ground heritage assets potentially affected comprise: Cold Store office building. The office building in the south-western corner of the site dates to 1973–4 and was at that time the largest cold store facility of its type in Europe. It is not on statutorily or locally listed. It is however mentioned briefly in the Buildings of England, and is an asset of low heritage significance. Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. The eastern boundary of Grade II registered Easton Park lies 90m west of the site. The park was laid out in the 1840s and is an asset of high heritage significance. Easton Park listed buildings. The park contains 13 Grade II listed buildings of high heritage significance. Farm buildings near High Dike. Two farm complexes at Old Park and Stoke Grange, 1.1km north and 1.9km north west of the site. Primarily dating to the late-18th century, there are five listed buildings in total, listed at Grade II and of high heritage significance. Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. This Grade II* Registered Park and Garden was laid out in its current form in the 1840s. Its south-eastern boundary is under 2km north-west of the site. It is an asset of very high heritage significance. Designated heritage assets within the park considered in the assessment include the Grade I listed Stoke Rochford Hall, built in c. 1841–5 (very high significance) (very high significance), three Grade I and two Grade II* listed buildings (very high significance) and three Grade II listed buildings (high significance). The proposed development would entail the demolition of the Cold Store office building. This could be mitigated by an appropriate programme of Historic England standing building recording (e.g. Level 2 basic record), prior to demolition. The proposed development would entail the construction of a new warehouse that is taller than the existing warehouses on site, and would result in less than substantial harm to 10 designated heritage assets beyond the site in terms of slight material changes to setting. The overall heritage significance of the assets would remain unchanged. The adverse effects could however be reduced to some extent by planting across the site, through a colour banded external cladding, ways to minimise the effect of the pitched roofline and through appropriate lighting schemes. Buried heritage The main potential for the site is for Roman remains. The site lies 130m to the east of the course of a former major Roman road, ‘Ermine Street’, 40m east of a potential settlement at Easton. It is thought that a secondary
WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC
road off Ermine Street crossed the south-eastern corner of the site, but there is currently no archaeological evidence for this. The site has moderate potential to contain evidence of settlement, roadside activity and agriculture, of medium or high significance, depending on the nature and extent of the remains. The potential for other periods is low. There is little evidence of prehistoric activity, although this may reflect the lack of past archaeological investigation in the area. Whilst it has been speculated that Ermine Street followed the line of a prehistoric routeway in this area, the geology of the site may not have been a first choice for early agriculture and settlement is more likely to have focused closer to water sources some distance away. The site was located some distance from the centres of historic settlement, and was probably open fields throughout much of the later medieval and post-medieval period. Whilst there is potential for evidence of post-medieval agriculture, remains of field ditches and such would be of negligible significance. Mine entrance excavations in the late 1950s (the mining itself lies are well below any archaeology and will not have had an impact), along with its subsequent development as a large scale frozen food factory, will have compromised archaeological survival across much of the site. The proposed new warehouse would have a smaller footprint than the former Units 1–4 warehouse; any archaeological remains here are likely to have been heavily truncated or removed entirely. Breaking out and replacement of the existing foundation slab would remove any surviving remains present. Proposed ground disturbance for the hardstanding in the southern part of the site has the potential to remove or disturb any surviving archaeological remains, from the preliminary site strip, levelling, the excavation of new services trenches, drainage and planting, the details of which are not currently known. In the light of the archaeological potential of the site for Roman remains, along with the nature and scale of the proposed development, archaeological investigation may be required in order to assess the presence, nature and significance of any archaeological remains in the areas of proposed impact, and to ensure that any significant archaeological assets are not removed without record. Any archaeological work would need to be undertaken in accordance with an approved Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) and could be carried out under the terms of a standard archaeological planning condition set out under the granting of planning consent.
XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM WSP Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 July 2018 iSEC
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1.1. WSP has been commissioned by iSEC to carry out a historic environment desk-based assessment (HEDBA) in advance of proposed development at Units 1-4 Burton Lane, Easton, Grantham, in the District of South Kesteven, Lincolnshire (National Grid Reference NGR 494105, 326720); Figure 1. The scheme comprises the redevelopment of the site and replacement of Units 1–4 which are no longer extant and current comprise only a concrete base. A number of smaller structures are also proposed, together with a new car parking area across the southern part of the site. The total floor area of the proposed replacement warehouse and loading dock is 23,648sqm. The taller structures total 1,102 sqm. The total overall is 24,750 sqm plus new internal road layout and car parking. The proposed height of the replacement warehouse would be 46.0m above existing ground level. 1.2 SCOPE 1.2.1. The report provides a baseline of known or potential buried heritage assets (archaeological remains) and above ground heritage assets (structures and landscapes of heritage interest) within or immediately around the proposed development (hereafter the 'site'). Professional expert opinion has been used to assess heritage significance, based on historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest as well as considering past ground disturbance which may have compromised survival. The report assesses the impact of the scheme on the historic character and setting of designated assets within and beyond the site (e.g. views to and from listed buildings and conservation areas) potentially affected by the proposals. The report includes recommendations to mitigate any adverse effects (e.g. site based investigation and/or design changes), where appropriate. The assessment forms an initial stage of investigation and is required in relation to the planning process in order that the local planning authority (LPA) can formulate an appropriate response in the light of the impact upon any known or possible heritage assets. 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.3.1. Archaeology and built heritage has been a material consideration in the planning process since 1990 and its value is recognised in national and local planning policy. The aim of this report is to assess the impact of the proposed development and to provide a suitable strategy to mitigate any adverse effects, if required, as part of a planning application to develop the site. The aim is achieved through six objectives: identify the presence of any known or potential heritage assets that may be affected by the proposals; describe the significance of such assets, in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), taking into account factors which may have compromised asset survival; determine the contribution to which setting makes to the significance of any sensitive (i.e. designated) heritage assets; assess the likely impacts upon the significance of the assets arising from the proposals, assess the impact of the proposed development on how designated heritage assets are understood and experienced through changes to their setting; and provide recommendations for further investigation and/or mitigation where required, aimed at reducing or removing completely any adverse effects. 1.4 KEY HERITAGE CONSTRAINTS 1.4.1. The site does not contain any nationally designated (protected) heritage assets, such as scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered parks and gardens. 1.4.2. The nearest designated heritage asset to the site is Easton Park, a Grade II Registered Park and Garden. The entirety of Planting Road – an avenue leading from the North Lodge of Easton Park to the junction with the B6403 High Dike – is included in the designation meaning that the eastern boundary of the Registered Park and Garden extends to within 90m west from the boundary of the site. To the south of Planting Road, the bulk of the eastern boundary is located 710 to 765m west and south-west from the boundary of the site. The entire Registered Park and Garden and the 13 designated heritage assets within the park are included in the
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assessment. However, one of the designated heritage assets – the Grade II listed Old School – is considered separately as the nearest listed building to the proposed development (see below). 1.4.3. The Grade II listed Old School is within the boundary of the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. A former school built in 1878 it is now a private residence. It is located 730m west from the boundary of the site. 1.4.4. The Grade II listed Small Pond, 20 Paces from Home Farm Buildings dates from the 19th century. It is located 970m west from the boundary of the site. It is located outside the boundary of the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 1.4.5. The Grade II listed Barn and Stables at Old Park Farm, and the Grade II listed Fenton Cottage and Adjacent Cottage at Old Park Farm, both of which date to the 18th century are located 1.1km north of the site. 1.4.6. Easton Farm, a non-designated heritage asset, is 790m south-west from the boundary of the site. It is considered as part of the assessment as a 19th century ancillary building of the Easton Park estate. It is located outside the boundary of the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 1.4.7. Located 1.9km north-west of the site are the Grade II listed Stoke Grange Farmhouse, the Grade II listed Barn at Stoke Grange and the Grade II listed Stables, Waggon Hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm (listed Grade II). These farm buildings date from the 18th and 19th centuries. 1.4.8. The Grade II* Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden was remodelled in the mid-19th century. The south-east corner of the grounds is located within a 2km radius north-west of the site. The entire Registered Park and Garden and the nine designated heritage assets within the park are included in the assessment. However, one of the heritage assets - the Grade I listed Stoke Rochford Hall – is considered separately as it occupies a prominent position in the park and garden (see below). Designed by W.A. Nesfield, described by the Historic England selection guidance for Rural Landscapes Register of Parks and Gardens Selection Guide (reissued 2017) as ‘the most influential designer’ of the Victorian age, who helped the ‘historically-inspired revivalist gardens become ever more popular’ (p. 12). 1.4.9. The Grade I listed Stoke Rochford Hall was built in the 1840s for Christopher Turnor. Designed by William Burn in the Jacobethan style, the new house reflected the growing wealth of the family and occupies a prominent position within the designed landscape, the centrepiece of the registered park and garden. It is located 2.5km north-west of the site. 1.4.10. The site does not lie within a conservation area as defined by LPA. The LPA does not maintain a list of ‘locally listed buildings’. 1.4.11. The site includes one principal hedge line along its western boundary. This hedge-line follows the roughly north-south alignment associated with the dismantled Highdyke Junction and Sproxton railway line. This does not meet the Hedgerow Regulations criteria for a ‘important’ historic hedgerow.
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2 PLANNING FRAMEWORK
2.1 STATUTORY PROTECTION LISTED BUILDINGS AND CONSERVATION AREAS 2.1.1. There are no listed buildings within the site. It does not lie within a conservation area. There are however a number of listed buildings in the vicinity of the site, the setting of which is a material consideration in the planning process. 2.1.2. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 (hereafter ‘the Act’) is the key piece of legislation in England and Wales that sets out the legal requirements for the control of development and alterations which affect listed buildings and conservation areas. Section 66(1) of the Act states: ‘In considering whether to grant planning permission for development which affects a listed building or its setting, the local planning authority or, as the case may be, the Secretary of State shall have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’. 2.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 2.2.1. The Government issued the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in March 2012 (DCLG 2012) and supporting Planning Practice Guidance in 2014 (DCLG 2014). One of the 12 core principles that underpin both plan-making and decision-taking within the framework is to 'conserve heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, so that they can be enjoyed for their contribution to the quality of life of this and future generations' (DCLG 2012 para 17). It recognises that heritage assets are an irreplaceable resource (para 126), and requires the significance of heritage assets to be considered in the planning process, whether designated or not. The relevant paragraphs from NPPF Section 12: Conserving and enhancing the historic environment, are produced below: Para 128. In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets' importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. Para 129. Local planning authorities should identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset that may be affected by a proposal (including by development affecting the setting of a heritage asset) taking account of the available evidence and any necessary expertise. They should take this assessment into account when considering the impact of a proposal on a heritage asset, to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset's conservation and any aspect of the proposal. Para 131. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of: the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation; the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness. Para 132. When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight should be given to the asset's conservation. The more important the asset, the greater the weight should be. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. As heritage assets are irreplaceable, any harm or loss should require clear and convincing justification. Substantial harm to or loss of a grade II listed building, park or garden should be exceptional. Substantial harm to or loss of designated heritage assets of the highest significance, notably scheduled monuments, protected wreck sites, battlefields, grade I and II* listed buildings, grade I and II* registered parks and gardens, and World Heritage Sites, should be wholly exceptional. Para 133. Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its
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conservation; and conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use. Para 134. Where a development proposal will lead to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal, including securing its optimum viable use. Para 135. The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that affect directly or indirectly non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. Para 137. Local planning authorities should look for opportunities for new development within Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Proposals that preserve those elements of the setting that make a positive contribution to or better reveal the significance of the asset should be treated favourably. 2.2.2. Consultation on a revised version of the NPPF (MHCLG 2018) closed in May 2018. The historic environment in the revised NPPF is dealt with at paragraphs 182-198. Reference in this report is made to the current version of the NPPF. 2.2.3. The web-based National Planning Policy Guidance (http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/) provides supporting information in respect of planning at the historic environment but no additional policy for archaeology to that set out in the NPPF. 2.3 LOCAL POLICY 2.3.1. The South Kesteven District Council Local Plan currently comprises the Core Strategy (adopted July 2010), Site Allocation and Policies Development Plan Document (DPD) (adopted April 2014). At time of writing (April 2018) a new Local Plan that will cover South Kesteven up to 2036 is in production. Policies EN1: Protection and Enhancement of the Character of the District is relevant to Cultural Heritage. It states: EN1: Protection and Enhancement of the Character of the District Development must be appropriate to the character and significant natural, historic and cultural attributes and features of the landscape within which it is situated, and contribute to its conservation, enhancement or restoration. All development proposals and site allocations will be assessed in relation to: 1. statutory, national and local designations of landscape features, including natural and historic assets 2. local distinctiveness and sense of place 3. historic character, patterns and attributes of the landscape 4. the layout and scale of buildings and designed spaces 5. the quality and character of the built fabric and their settings 6. the condition of the landscape 7. biodiversity and ecological networks within the landscape 8. public access to and community value of the landscape 9. remoteness and tranquillity 10. visual intrusion 11. noise and light pollution 12. Conservation Area Appraisals and Village Design Statements, where these have been adopted by the Council 13. impact on controlled waters 14. protection of existing open space (including allotments and public open space, and open spaces important to the character, setting and separation of built-up areas)
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3 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES
3.1 DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 3.1.1. The assessment has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (DCLG 2012, 2014) and to standards specified by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA Dec 2014a, 2014b) and Historic England (HE 2016, HE 2017). 3.1.2. In order to determine the full historic environment potential of the site, a broad range of standard documentary and cartographic sources have been consulted. This includes results from any archaeological investigations within the site and a 1.5km radius study area around it. These were examined to determine the likely nature, extent, preservation and significance of any known or possible buried heritage assets that may be present within or adjacent to the site. 3.1.3. Due to the scale and height of the proposed development and the greater potential for it to affect assets beyond a 1.5km area, a defined study area was not deemed appropriate for the assessment of above-ground heritage assets. A ‘zone of theoretical visibility’ model produced by the Landscape and Visual Assessment was reviewed with Google Streetview and satellite imagery, along with selective site visits in order to assess or scope out designated heritage assets beyond the 1.5km study area. 3.1.4. The table below provides a summary of the key data sources. Occasionally there may be reference to assets beyond this study area, where appropriate, e.g., where such assets are particularly significant and/or where they contribute to current understanding of the historic environment.
Table 1 - Summary of data sources Source Data Comment Historic England National Heritage List for Statutory designations (scheduled monuments; statutorily England (NHLE) with listed buildings; registered parks and gardens; historic information on statutorily battlefields) can provide a significant constraint to designated heritage assets development. Lincolnshire County Historic Environment Record Primary repository of archaeological information. Includes Council (HER) information from past investigations, local knowledge, find spots, and documentary and cartographic sources Historic England National Record of the National database maintained by Historic England. Not as Historic Environment comprehensive as the HER but can occasionally contain (NRHE) additional information. Accessible via pastscape website. This was consulted for the site and its immediate vicinity only. Local Planning Information on conservation An area of special architectural or historic interest the Authority areas character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.
Note that the LPA does not maintain a ‘local list’ of buildings of local interest. British Geological Solid and drift geology digital Subsurface deposition, including buried geology and Survey (BGS) map; online BGS geological topography, can provide an indication of potential for early borehole record data. human settlement, and potential depth of archaeological remains. Landmark Information Ordnance Survey maps from Provides a good indication of past land use and impacts Group the 1st edition (1860–70s) to which may have compromised archaeological survival. present day Provides an indication of the possible date of any buildings on the site. Lincolnshire County Historic maps (e.g. Tithe, Baseline information on the historic environment Record Office enclosure, estate), published journals and local history Internet Web-published local history; Many key documentary sources, such as the Victoria County Archaeological Data Service History, the Survey of London, and local and specialist
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Source Data Comment studies are now published on the web and can be used to inform the archaeological and historical background. The Archaeological Data Service includes an archive of digital fieldwork reports. The client Topographical survey data Survey data can provide an indication of the impact of past land use, e.g. ground raising or lowering, which is useful for understanding possible truncation and likely depth of archaeological remains. The client Proposals plans and The information in the site plans has been used to assess sections. impacts to known or possible buried heritage assets and above ground heritage assets.
3.1.5. Figure 2 shows the location of known historic environment features within the 1.5km inner study area, and selected designated assets outside this study area (for the purposes of setting assessment), as identified by the sources above, the site visit, or during the course of research for this assessment. These have been allocated a unique 'assessment' reference number (A1, 2, etc.), which is listed in a gazetteer at the back of this report and is referred to in the text. Where there are a considerable number of listed buildings in the study area, only those within the vicinity of the site (i.e. within 50m) are included, unless their inclusion is considered relevant to the study. Conservation areas are not shown. Archaeological Priority Zones are shown where appropriate. All distances quoted in the text are approximate (within 5m). 3.2 CONSULTATIONS 3.2.1. Lincolnshire County Council’s historic environment advisors where contacted by email on 27th April 2018. Advice was sought with respect to the site’s archaeology and heritage interest and requirements for potential mitigation. Richard Watts responded on the 27th April 2018 advising that a desk based assessment would be required and that Denise Drury, Senior Historic Environment Officer, at Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire (copied in to his response) was the relevant officer to provide further support or comments if required. 3.2.2. Historic England’s first response of 29th May 2018 confirmed that it was not necessary to enter into pre- application discussions in this case. Historic England’s second response of 18th June 2018 advised: ‘We conclude that this proposal may lead to an application for which Historic England would be a statutory consultee. However, it is not possible or necessary for us to engage with every proposal that affects the historic environment at pre-application stage.’ 3.2.3. A pre-application meeting was held with representatives of South Kesteven District Council and their advisors on 31st May 2018. Discussions confirmed that a defined study area was not appropriate for the purposes of setting assessment. 3.2.4. A consultation meeting was held with Sir Fred Cholmeley and Lady Cholmeley, the owners of the Easton Park Estate on 18th June 2018. The meeting covered the effects of the proposed development on the Registered Park and Garden and the wider estate. Potential mitigation measures were also discussed. 3.2.5. A second pre-application meeting was held with representatives of the council and their advisors on 20th June 2018. It was agreed that a draft methodology would be submitted to the council’s advisors for comment. 3.3 SITE VISITS 3.3.1. The assessment included site visits to determine the topography of the site and the general lie of the land around, and existing land use and the nature of the existing buildings, identify any visible heritage assets (eg structures and earthworks), and assess any possible factors which may affect the survival or condition of any known or potential assets. Selected designated heritage assets beyond the site were visited for the purposes of the settings assessment. 3.3.2. Site visits were carried out on 31st May, 12th June and 18th June 2018. The first site visit included the XPO Logistics site, Planting Road, the Old School, Easton Farm Cottages, High Dike, Pit Lane and the village of Great Ponton. The second visit included Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden, Stoke Rochford Hall and the other assets within the park and garden. It also included Stoke Rochford and Skillington. The third
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visit included Easton Walled Gardens, Bridge over the River Witham (near Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth), Wooldsthorpe by Colsterworth, Wooldsthorpe and Bassingthorpe. 3.3.3. There were limitations to the site visits: Site visit 31st May: it was only possible to view Easton Farm Cottages, Fenton Cottage and Adjacent Cottage at Old Park Farm (listed Grade II) and Barn and Stables at Old Park Farm (listed Grade II) from High Dike. It was not possible to view Small Pond, 20 paces from Home Farm Buildings (listed Grade II), Stoke Grange Farmhouse (listed Grade II) Barn at Stoke Grange (listed Grade II), and Stables, Waggon Hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm (listed Grade II). Site visit 12th June: it was only possible to walk up to the highest point of the south-east corner of the park and garden. It was not possible to view beyond this as the land is part of the Stoke Rochford Golf Club. It was also not possible to view the Old Rectory at Stoke Rochford as this is located at the end of a private road. Site visit 18th June: it was not possible to photograph North Lodge or the Round House. 3.3.4. WSP would like to thank John McKitterick, general manager at Stoke Rochford Hall for permission to visit and photograph the hall and the wider estate. WSP would also like to thank Sir Fred Cholmeley and Lady Cholmeley for permission to visit and photograph Easton Walled Gardens and for taking the time to accompany staff around the gardens. 3.4 ASSESSING HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE 3.4.1. The NPPF defines significance as ‘The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic.’ 3.4.2. Historic England’s Conservation Principles (previously English Heritage, 2008) identified four high level values: evidential, historic, aesthetic and communal. A revised consultation draft of Conservation Principles published by Historic England in November 2017 adopts the values terminology of the NPPF. The determination of the significance of these assets is based on statutory designation and/or professional judgment against the following values referred to in the NPPF and in Historic England Conservation Principles (Nov 2017). The terminology of the revised Conservation Principles consultation draft is used in this report as it is aligned with the terminology of the NPPF: Historic Interest: the way in which an asset can illustrate the story of past events, people and aspects of life (illustrative value, or interest). It can be said to hold communal value when associated with the identity of a community. Archaeological Interest: the potential of an asset to yield evidence of past human activity that could be revealed through future investigation. Archaeological interest includes above-ground structures, as well as earthworks and buried or submerged remains. Architectural and Artistic Interest: derives from a contemporary appreciation of an asset’s aesthetics. Architectural interest is an interest in design, construction, craftsmanship and decoration of buildings and structures. Artistic interest can include the use, representation or influence of historic places or buildings in artwork. It can also include the skill and emotional impact of works of art that are part of heritage assets or assets in their own right. 3.4.3. These values encompass the criteria that Historic England are obliged to consider when statutorily designating heritage assets. There is no single defining criteria that dictates the overall asset significance; each asset has to be evaluated against the range of criteria listed above on a case by case basis. 3.4.4. In relation to designated heritage assets, the assessment takes into account the contribution which the historic character and setting makes to the overall significance of the asset. 3.4.5. The table below gives examples of the significance of designated and non-designated heritage assets.
Table 2 - Significance of heritage assets Heritage asset description Significance World heritage sites Very High Scheduled monuments
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Grade I and II* listed buildings Grade I and II* registered parks and gardens Protected Wrecks Undesignated heritage assets of high national importance Grade II listed buildings High Grade II registered parks and gardens Conservation areas Designated historic battlefields Burial grounds Protected heritage landscapes (e.g. ancient woodland or historic hedgerows) Undesignated heritage assets of lower national, regional or county importance Heritage assets with a district value or interest for education or cultural appreciation Medium Locally listed buildings Heritage assets with a local (i.e. parish) value or interest for education or cultural Low appreciation Item with no significant value or interest Negligible Heritage assets that have a clear potential, but for which current knowledge is Uncertain insufficient to allow significance to be determined
3.5 ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SETTING 3.5.1. In relation to designated heritage assets, the assessment takes into account the contribution that setting makes to the overall significance of the asset. 3.5.2. Setting is the way in which the asset is understood (historic and archaeological interest) and experienced (architectural and artistic interest). It is not an asset in itself. It differs from curtilage (historic/present property boundary); context (association with other assets irrespective of distance) and historic character (sum of all historic attributes, including setting, associations, and visual aspects). 3.5.3. Guidance produced by Historic England (GPA 3 reissued 2017) has been used to adopt a stepped approach for settings assessment. Historic England recommends this broad approach to assessment using a series of steps ‘that apply proportionately to the complexity of the case, from straightforward to complex.’ The guidance sets out five steps, or which the first four are relevant: Step 1: Identify which heritage assets and their settings are affected. Step 2: Assess the degree to which these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s) or allow significance to be appreciated. Step 3: Assess the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful, on that significance or on the ability to appreciate it. Step 4: Explore ways to maximise enhancement and avoid or minimise harm. Step 5: Make and document the decision and monitor outcomes. 3.5.4. The NPPF requires an approach that is proportional to the significance of the asset, and for this reason only the settings of the most sensitive (i.e. designated) heritage assets are considered in this assessment. However, following the pre-application meeting with South Kesteven District Council, WSP was asked to consider the impact of the proposed development on the setting of Easton Farm Cottages, a non-designated heritage asset, due to its location as part of the wider Easton Park estate. 3.5.5. The assessment has considered the physical surroundings of the asset, including topography and intervening development and vegetation. It also considers how the asset is currently experienced and understood through its setting, in particular views to and from the asset and the site, along with key views, and the extent to which setting may have already been compromised. 3.5.6. This assessment has taken into account Historic England’s 2017 Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (GPA3) which outlines the NPPF Annex Glossary 2 and makes clear that the setting of a heritage asset ‘is not
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fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve.’ Although the ‘extent and importance of setting is often expressed to visual considerations’ there are other ways in which we experience an asset, for example ‘by our understanding of the historic relationship between places.’ 3.5.7. Reference should be made to Steer vs SSCLG [2017] EWHC 1456 (Admin). The High Court found in favour of the claimant who challenged a narrow interpretation of setting as only the visual or physical connection between the proposed development and the affected designated heritage asset, leaving aside the fact that the proposed development was located on land that was formerly part of the same estate. 3.5.8. Part 1 addresses Settings and Views. Paragraph 8 deals with the context of settings, and states that extensive heritage assets including parks and gardens ‘can include many heritage assets, historic associations between them and their nested and overlapping settings, as well as having a setting of their own.’ Conservation areas are likely to include the settings of listed buildings and will also have their own settings. In assessing cumulative change, where the significance of a designated heritage asset has been compromised by unsympathetic development affecting its setting ‘consideration needs to be given to whether additional change will further detract from, or enhance, the significance of the asset.’ 3.5.9. Setting and the significance of heritage assets is at paragraph 9. Although setting itself is not a heritage asset its importance ‘lies in what it contributes to the significance of the heritage asset or to the ability to appreciate that significance.’ It further states that the contribution of setting to significance does not depend on public rights or accessibility. 3.5.10. Part 10 addresses views, stating that the setting of a heritage asset ‘is often expressed by reference to views, a purely visual impression of an asset or place which can be static or dynamic, long short or of lateral spread, and include a variety of views of, from, across, or including that asset.’ 3.5.11. Paragraph 14 Landscape and Amenity notes that an analysis of setting is different from a landscape assessment. Landscapes include everything within them while ‘the entirety of very extensive settings may not contribute equally to the significance of a heritage asset, if at all.’ Paragraph 16 further states that ‘setting is different from general amenity. Views out from heritage assets that neither contribute to significance nor allow appreciation of significance are a matter of amenity rather than setting.’ 3.5.12. Paragraph 20 addresses the assessment for a large or prominent development ‘such as a tall building in an urban environment or a wind turbine in the countryside or offshore’ which ‘can often extend for a distance of several kilometres.’ In this case ‘while a proposed development may affect the setting of numerous heritage assets, it may not impact on them all equally, as some will be more sensitive to change affecting their setting than others.’ LPAs ‘are encouraged to work with applicants in order to minimise the need for detailed analysis of very large numbers of heritage assets.’
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4 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT BASELINE
4.1 SITE LOCATION 4.1.1. The site is located 8.6km to the south of Grantham, in the district of South Kesteven, Lincolnshire (NGR 494105, 326720: Figure 1). The site is bounded to the west by a narrow arable field and the B6403 (High Dyke) road, and by Burton Lane to the south. To the north and east the site is bounded by open rectilinear arable fields with hedged boundaries. 4.1.2. The site falls within the historic parish of Stoke Rochford in the township of Easton. Stoke Rochford parish comprises the townships of North Stoke, South Stoke, and Easton, which are united for ecclesiastical purposes, but are separate for civil purposes. South Stoke and North Stoke were originally townships in an ecclesiastical parish named Stoke which became a civil parish after 1776. The civil parish continued until 1866 and until that date also contained the township of Easton. Until the 1830s the parish was within the Wapentake of Grantham Soke and from the 1830s Winnibriggs and Threo. 4.1.3. The nearest natural major watercourse is the River Witham located 1.2km to the west of the site. The river passes through the village of Easton and just south of the village it crosses the A1 road inside the parish of Colsterworth. 4.1.4. The wider landscape is dominated by agricultural fields interspersed with historic woodland and isolated buildings. 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY 4.2.1. Topography can provide an indication of suitability for settlement, and ground levels can indicate whether the ground has been built up or truncated, which can have implications for archaeological survival (see section 5 and 7). 4.2.2. The site is on high ground east of the valley of the River Witham within an otherwise gently rolling landscape. The site itself is level with a gentle slope down from east to west towards the River Witham, between120.0m Ordnance Datum (m OD)I n the east and 117.0m O D in the west (Premier Surveys Ltd, ref: 2113 rev 1, May 2000, not reproduced). 4.3 GEOLOGY 4.3.1. Geology can provide an indication of suitability for early settlement, and potential depth of remains. 4.3.2. According to British Geological Society (BGS) digital data, the geology underlying the site comprises of the Upper Lincolnshire Limestone Member. This is overlain by Quaternary deposits of Till and Diamicton. 4.3.3. No geotechnical ground investigation (GI) data was available at the time of writing. Historic BGS boreholes adjacent to the site (SK92NW252 20m to the south; SK92NW251 30m to the south; SK92NW244 60m to the east; and SK92NW242 120m to the west - see Figure 3) all show Boulder Clay directly beneath the topsoil, overlying Lincolnshire Limestone. At its shallowest this is 3.4m thick. 4.3.4. The soils are mainly heavy, seasonally waterlogged, and more likely suitable for pasture / woodland. 4.4 OVERVIEW OF PAST INVESTIGATIONS 4.4.1. There have been very few archaeological investigations within the study area, with only three past investigations recorded as having been conducted within the 1.5km radius study area and none of these has been within the site itself. Consequently, current understanding of the nature and extent of past human activity within the site and its vicinity is very limited, in particular for the prehistoric and Roman periods, for which there is no documentary record. 4.4.2. The three investigations comprise: Archaeological watching brief of the Harrowby and Easton Water Main, in 2012 (A4). This follows the line of the north-south B6403 road, 90m to the west of the site. The only archaeological features identified were three ditches, one of which was thought to be of possible Roman date. A number of unstratified finds were recovered including two Roman coins of 3rd century date near Easton Lodge, 540m north-west of the site; Archaeological excavation 470m south-west of the site, in the 1970s (A2). The excavation recorded a Roman building, evidence for metal working and Romano-British pottery dated mid-1st to mid-2nd century.
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An intermittent watching brief undertaken during the construction of a water main from Easton to Old Somerby, in 1998–99 (A3). This investigation looked at five areas along the route extending from 940m north-west of the site to 2.5km north of the site. The HER provides no further information and it is assumed that no archaeological remains were identified. 4.4.3. The results of these investigations, along with other known sites and finds within the inner study area, are discussed by period, below. The date ranges below are approximate. 4.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND PREHISTORIC PERIOD (800,000 BC–AD 43) 4.5.1. The Lower (800,000–250,000 BC) and Middle (250,000–40,000 BC) Palaeolithic saw alternating warm and cold phases and intermittent perhaps seasonal occupation. During the Upper Palaeolithic (40,000–10,000 BC), after the last glacial maximum, and in particular after around 13,000 BC, further climate warming took place and the environment changed from steppe-tundra to birch and pine woodland. It is probably at this time that England saw continuous occupation. Erosion has removed much of the Palaeolithic land surfaces and finds are typically residual. There are no known finds data to the Palaeolithic within the study area. 4.5.2. The Mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities of the postglacial period (10,000–4000 BC) inhabited a still largely wooded environment. The river valleys and coast would have been favoured in providing a predictable source of food (from hunting and fishing) and water, as well as a means of transport and communication. Evidence of activity is characterised by flint tools rather than structural remains. There are no known sites or finds dated to this period within the study area. 4.5.3. The Neolithic (4000–2000 BC), Bronze Age (2000–600 BC) and Iron Age (600 BC–AD 43) are traditionally seen as the time of technological change, settled communities and the construction of communal monuments. Farming was established and forest cleared for cultivation. An expanding population put pressure on available resources and necessitated the utilisation of previously marginal land. There are no recorded finds or evidence of later prehistoric activity on the site. Neolithic flint implements (A29) were recovered 270m to the south-west of the site, presumably by chance. Three sherds of Iron Age pottery (A5) were recovered, also presumably by chance, 100m to the west of the site. The site lies 130m east of the north-south aligned Ermine Street Roman road (see below), which is speculated to have followed the line of a prehistoric routeway, the ‘Jurassic Way’, which may have formed a focus for occupation in Lincolnshire. ROMAN PERIOD (AD 43–410) 4.5.4. The site lies 130m to the east of a major north-south Roman road ‘Ermine Street’, which was probably one of the most important thoroughfares in Roman Britain (Margary 1967: Route 26; A9 and A28). The road linked the main centres of military occupation and settlement at Lincoln and York with the provincial capital London, and through this part of Lincolnshire it is speculated to have followed the line of an earlier, prehistoric, routeway. It had regularly spaced settlements along its length which probably owe their origin to military posts. As a major line of communication, the road will have attracted settlement and other activity. 4.5.5. A possible Roman road that leaves Ermine Street 520m to the south-west of the site potentially crosses the south-eastern corner of the site (Margary 1967: Route 261) but there is currently no archaeological evidence for this. 4.5.6. The Ordnance Survey 1st edition 6”: mile map of 1887 (Figure 6) shows the site of ‘Roman Encampment’ in the field immediately adjacent to the western side of High Dyke Road, 250m to the west of the site. 4.5.7. A Roman roadside settlement is thought to have existed at Easton (A27) extending along the course of the current B6403 road, just 40m west of the site at its nearest point. This is based on a mixture of conjectural evidence based on aerial photography which shows a rectilinear earthwork thought to be a potential Roman mansio (official stopping place on a Roman road), surface remains of Roman buildings on either side of Ermine Street, as detailed in the HER entry (A27) and a large number of Romano-British finds, dating from the 1st to early 5th century, also detailed in the HER entry. A partial excavation in the 1970s, 470m south-west of the site (A2), within the conjectured settlement area, identified a Roman building, evidence for metal working and Romano-British pottery dated mid-1st to mid-2nd century. 4.5.8. Four Roman Coins have also been found 730m to the south of the site (A6) while two unstratified further Roman coins of late 3rd century date were found close to Easton Lodge 540m north-west of the site during the archaeological monitoring of the installation of a new pipeline in 2012 (A4).
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4.5.9. Based on this evidence, there appears to have been a centre of potential military/settlement activity located along/ adjacent to the course of Ermine Street, possibly as close as 40m to the west of the site, during the Roman period. Only limited field investigations have been undertaken to date, however. The full nature and extent of occupation and related activity is therefore currently uncertain. It is possible that occupation, or evidence of associated activity (i.e. trackways, satellite settlement, field systems, boundaries and/or burials etc) may extend further east and into the site. EARLY MEDIEVAL (SAXON) PERIOD (AD 410–1066) 4.5.10. Following the withdrawal of the Roman army from England in the early 5th century AD the whole country fell into an extended period of socio-economic decline. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Saxon Minster system began to be replaced by local parochial organisation, with formal areas of land centred on nucleated settlements served by a parish church. 4.5.11. The main centre of settlement during this period is likely to have been Grantham 9.3km to the north of the site, while Easton, 1.16km to the west of the site, is likely to have been the closest settlement. Easton is recorded in the Domesday Survey of AD 1086 as a small settlement in the Hundred (a large administrative unit of a hundred families) of Beltisloe with a total population of nine households, made up of 12 villagers and six smallholders. It is recorded as having had 10 acres of meadow, 440 acres of woodland and 1 mill. The tenant- in-chief is recorded as the Archbishop of York. 4.5.12. No finds and features dated to this period have been recorded on the site. Only one record from this period is recorded within the wider study area. This is a fragment of a moulded strap buckle (A8) found by chance in a field 315m to the west of the site. 4.5.13. During this period the site appears was located some distance to the east of a small settlement at Easton adjacent to the River Witham and its associated meadowlands. The majority of the wider parish, including the site, was probably made up of agricultural land and an extensive area of woodland. LATER MEDIEVAL PERIOD (AD 1066–1540) 4.5.14. The site was located in the township of Easton, within the historic parish of Stoke Rochford. Both appear to have formed part of the Wapentake of Grantham Soke. As with the late Saxon period, Easton appears to have been the closest focus of settlement in the vicinity, located 1.16km to the west of the site. 4.5.15. No finds and features dated to this period have been identified on the site by the HER. Within the inner study area twelve records from this period are recorded. These include areas of ridge and furrow 950m (A31), 790m (A32) and 1.3m (A38) to the west of the site within Easton Park, and by Ridd’s Farm, 1.0 (A34) and 1.3 km (A35) to the south of the site. Ridge and furrow is the earthwork remains of medieval arable cultivation in open fields involving the use of a horse drawn plough. Corrugation of the surface of the ground, which often survives as low earthworks, resulted from the practice of turning the sod inwards towards the centre as the plough was guided along a narrow plot of land. Fields were divided into individual strips, usually in blocks, which often ran at right angles to each other to produce a characteristic patchwork pattern. 4.5.16. A medieval earthwork enclosure is recorded at Easton (A30) 1.2km to the west of the site, while an earthwork platform (A33) is recorded south of this, 1.2km to the south-west of the site. Just to the north of Easton Park the remains of an earthwork lynchet (A36) alongside earthwork remains of a quarry and building (A37) are also recorded. These are located 1.2–1.3km to the north-west of the site. A lynchet is a bank of earth, potentially of medieval date, that builds up on the downslope of a field ploughed over a long period of time. 4.5.17. Three areas of semi-natural woodland, including elements of possible ancient woodland, are also recorded. These are Cockle Holt (A43) 230m to the south of the site, Stoke Park Wood (A44) 830m to the north-east of the site and Easton Wood (A45), 1.1km to the south-east of the site. 4.5.18. During this period evidence for activity is focused some distance from the site, to the west at Easton, or to the south and Ridd’s Farm. The site was located some distance away from the main settlement centres. The site, located on heavy soils, is likely to have been wooded or within open land, either under pasture or arable cultivation. POST-MEDIEVAL PERIOD (AD 1540–PRESENT) 4.5.19. The earliest map consulted is a 17th century plan of Colsterworth (1637–1743) of unknown authorship (Figure 4). This map shows the hamlet of Easton to the west, High Dike, and part of an area named ‘Easton Fields’ in
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the approximately location of the site, alongside a number of named ‘woods’, including Easton Wood. This indicates that the site had by this time been brought into agricultural use. 4.5.20. The Easton Enclosure Award and Plan of 1809 (Figure 5) records that the site was divided into 3 awards, nos. 18, 19 and 59. Number 18 is recorded in the ownership of Sir Montague Cholmeley and is named the ’Moor’. Number 19 is recorded as being for the Rector for tithes, and appears to be pasture. Within the south-west corner of the site award 59 is a small parcel of land named ‘Lady Wongue Close’. Apart from the field divisions no structures are recorded, and it appears as if the site was mostly being used for pasture. The reference to moor might suggest that this was ‘waste’ and not under cultivation. 4.5.21. The majority of the entries on the HER for this period comprise 19th century farmsteads, reflecting the agricultural nature of the area. A number of buildings are listed. The study area also includes two mid-19th century estates that are both Registered Parks and Gardens, which are discussed in Section 6. 4.5.22. The Ordnance Survey 1st edition 6”: mile map of 1887 (Figure 6) shows the site as a number of sub- rectangular open fields. No structures are shown within the site. To the west is the High Dyke Road (Ermine Street, A9). Off of High Dyke Road, to the west of the site, is Planting Road leading to Easton. To the south of the site runs Burton Road. The site of a ‘Roman Encampment’ is recorded in the field immediately adjacent to the western side of High Dyke Road, 250m to the west of the site. No further changes are recorded on the site or within the adjacent area on the Ordnance Survey 2nd edition map of 1905 (neither reproduced). 4.5.23. The Ordnance Survey 25”:mile map of 1931 (Figure 7) shows the ‘High Dyke Junction and Sproxton’ London & North East Railway (LNER) line running north-south along (outside) the western edge of the site, and its associated Burton Lane sidings on the south side of Burton Lane opposite the south-western corner of the site. 4.5.24. In 1958, Easton Mine (A1), was established by the United Steel Company just north of the site and included part of the northern area of the site (Squires S., 2007, 209–210). The ironstone mine is recorded in a plan of 1968 as the ‘Ore Mining Branch of the United Steel Companies Limited, Easton Mine’ (Figure 8). The plan shows that the mine extended west to east across land just the north of (outside) the site - with the southern drift (tunnel) extending into the northern edge of the site. The mine heads (adits) were located off a north- south access road along the western part of the site, with railway sidings located west of this along the western edge of the site. A limited number of associated small buildings/ structures are shown along the access road within the site. The plan shows the drifts on various grades of inclines from the adits. Other than at the adits and the drifts will have been dug mechanically well below any archaeological strata that might be present above. The iron ore was brought to the surface by conveyor belt rather than narrow-gauge tramway, though a temporary one of 2’ 6" gauge was used during the preliminary operations. Ore from the adit was conveyed by belt to a gantry over one of the sidings (irsociety.co.uk/Archives/3+4/Ironstone_3). The mine closed in 1967 ultimately failing due to inconsistency of the strata level, a problem that it was possible to cope with under opencast conditions (rocks-by-rail.org/history/). 4.5.25. The Ordnance Survey maps for the site show no further change on site until the Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 scale map of 1976–77 (Figure 9) which shows that the site is now occupied by the Easton Cold Store. This includes a number of large warehouses oriented north-south to the west of the now-disused railway. These buildings occupy the main portion of the site to the south and include cold store units 1 to 4. These buildings are mainly located in the western and north-eastern parts of the site. To the north of the site are further buildings and tanks, together with a refuse tip. The south-east is open apart from a couple of small buildings and access roads. The only significant change on site after the establishment of the Easton Cold Store is an extension to the south of the eastern most unit on the site, as evidenced by an aerial photograph of 1999 (Figure 10) and recorded on the Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 2000 (not reproduced). The site has remained unchanged up to present day, other than Units 1–4 which are no longer extant other than their foundation slab, following a fire. 4.6 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE 4.6.1. Any elements of historic landscape have been entirely removed from within the area of the site, which is currently developed with late 20th century warehousing. Within a broader context, the site is located within the Kesteven Uplands District landscape character area. This extends from Grantham in the north and to Stamford in the south of the District. The character is one of elevated gently rolling landforms, with the three north/south valleys of the Rivers Witham, East and West Glen providing the main topographic features. The predominant land use is agricultural interspersed with a some historic woodland. Agricultural fields systems are unified, simple, medium-scale fields, enclosed mostly by hedgerows.
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4.6.2. Historic settlement is dispersed and based on a pattern of nucleated settlement that mostly follows the topography, with towns and villages in the valleys, and with a more remote settlement pattern on the higher ground. Most of the central parts of the area have a north/south and east/west communications pattern. The landscape contains a number of historic parks and houses, including Easton Park and Stoke Rochford Hall, discussed in Section 6.2. 4.7 FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL 4.7.1. Archaeological survival across the majority of the site (75% plus) is anticipated to be low since it has been subject to historic mining followed by likely ground remediation and the construction of the present large format food processing factory and associated infrastructure and parking in the latter half of the 20th century. Elsewhere on site, largely to the periphery, modern disturbance (eg construction and dismantlement of railway sidings and land drains) may have reduced survival to moderate or low. The key activities affecting survival of potential archaeological features/ remains are set out below. Existing Frozen Food Factory 4.7.2. The site is in use as a frozen food factory (Figure 15) built in the latter half of the 20th century. As a result the site has been subject to, firstly likely localised ground remediation works following earlier mining activity, and then the subsequent construction of large scale industrial units and related administration, serving and car park facilities. 4.7.3. Any remediation works following the earlier mining activity in the mid-20th century (most likely in the north and west of the site) would have completely removed any archaeological remains within its footprint. Topspoil removal across the rest of the site, in agricultural use until its development for the frozen food factory, would also have had an impact as (in addition to the loss of any residual evidence it contains) it exposes any archaeological remains that may be present immediately beneath the topsoil. These may then have been affected by movement of vehicles and plant involved in construction activities, for example through rutting and compaction. In addition, it is possible that topsoil removal without archaeological supervision may have resulted in overstripping, which would have had an impact upon archaeological remains located beneath the topsoil, or understripping, where archaeological features are concealed beneath a thin layer of topsoil but are then exposed and unprotected from subsequent construction activities. 4.7.4. Existing foundation details are not currently available but are likely to be based on a standard pad foundation or a concrete floor slab (raft foundation). A standard pad foundation would typically remove any archaeological remains locally to a depth of 1.0–1.5m below ground level (mbgl), while a raft foundation would extend to a typical depth of 0.5–1.0m below ground level (mbgl) with localised deeper excavation up to a further 0.5m for ground beams. Such foundations would have completely removed any archaeological remains within their footprint, with the exception of the bases of features cut into the underlying natural Boulder Clay, like pits, wells and ditches. 4.7.5. Given the previous mining activity within the site, piling may also have been used on the larger units. Any archaeological remains within the footprint of each pile, if used, would have been completely removed. The insertion of pile caps and connecting ground beams, along with the excavation of a pile guide trench, typically extend no more than 1.0–1.5mbgl and would also have removed any archaeological remains within the footprint of these works, with the exception of the bases of deep cut features 4.7.6. Hard landscaping associated with the factory (access roads, paths, hard standing would have entailed fairly shallow / superficial ground disturbance but could still have resulted in the truncation of any archaeological remains within their footprint, given the shallow depth of the underlying natural geology. 4.7.7. The excavation for services, utilities and drains associated with the factory would have extended to a typical depth of 1.0–1.5mbgl causing further localised truncation of archaeological remains to this depth within their footprint. 4.7.8. The demolition to slap level of Cold Store Unit 1–4 occupying approximately 20% of the site, in the central western part of the site, where it has had any below ground impact, is likely to have impacted modern made ground only. Mid-20th Century Mining 4.7.9. Easton Mine (A1) extended west to east across the northern edge of the site and the working levels (drifts), were accessed by adits on the western edge of the site. The single drift within the site was on an incline and
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dug well below any possible archaeological horizons. Only ground disturbance for the adit will have had an archaeological impact, with excavations removing entirely any remains from the adit footprint. 4.7.10. A limited number of associated buildings/ structures are also recorded along the western side of the site alongside railway sidings and an access road. These will have removed, truncated or disturbed archaeological features locally.
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5 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.1. This section discusses the potential of the site for each chronological period, based on the archaeological and historical background of the area, its geology, topography and hydrology, the likelihood for evidence of past activity, and considering past disturbance which may have affected survival. For example, the site may have high potential for the presence of activity of a particular period, but with low survival. This section also includes professional opinion on the likely heritage significance of such remains, where there is potential for such to be present. 5.2 PREHISTORIC 5.2.1. The site has an uncertain but likely to be low potential to contain prehistoric remains. There are no recorded finds or evidence of prehistoric activity on the site and only two recorded within the inner study area - a scatter of Neolithic flint implements (A29) identified 270m to the south-west of the site; and three sherds of Iron Age pottery identified on the Romano-British site at Easton (A5) 100m to the west of the south-western corner of the site. It is possible that earlier prehistoric evidence lies in close association with later Roman activity. The lack of available evidence, alongside the rural location of the site, and its heavy soils, suggest prehistoric actively is likely to have been sparse and focused towards the river, although there is a small possibility that prehistoric activity could also have been associated with a prehistoric route way, a possible antecedent to Ermine Street. The limited number of investigations and research within the area however leaves qualifying the potential exploitation of the site and area in this period uncertain but likely to be low. 5.3 ROMAN 5.3.1. The site has moderate, potential to contain Roman remains. Although there are no known finds and features dating to this period within the site itself, there is evidence of activity within the inner study area which may suggest some potential within the site itself (where not removed by later development). 5.3.2. The site is located 130m to the east of Ermine Street (A9) and immediately to the north of a possible secondary Roman road off Ermine Street, which may have crossed the south-east corner of the site, though there is no archaeological evidence of this. A probable Roman settlement/ occupation site is also located just to the west of the site along Ermine Street. Archaeological investigations on this site in the 1970s identified evidence of a Roman building (potential mansio), metal working and a large number of Romano-British finds, dating from the 1st to early 5th century. Evidence from these investigations and the site’s proximity to a junction of a major Roman road indicate that the area is close to a focus of activity during this period, the extent and nature of which has not been fully defined. There is therefore a possibility for evidence of Roman activity to have extended into the site. 5.3.3. If present, such remains could potentially be of medium or high significance, depending on their nature, preservation and extent, and derived from their archaeological interest. Residual remains would be of low significance derived from their archaeological interest. 5.4 MEDIEVAL 5.4.1. The site has low potential to contain early medieval (Saxon) and later medieval remains. There are no recorded finds and features dated to this period on the site. The small settlement at Easton, located 1.1km to the west of the site adjacent to the River Witham, is likely to have served as the nearest focus for settlement from the late Saxon period. Located some distance from this settlement, on heavy soils, in all likelihood the site was probably wooded or open waste. Ermine Street is still likely to have formed an important road but it was probably not until the end of the later medieval period that land was gradually brought in to more direct agricultural use. 5.5 POST-MEDIEVAL 5.5.1. The site has a low to moderate potential to contain post-medieval remains. The majority of this activity relates to the development of 19th century farmsteads. This increased evidence of settlement activity / land use is located away from the site though, and in the site remained open fields under arable cultivation or pasture throughout this period, until 1958 when parts of the site were utilised for iron ore mining operations. Post- medieval agricultural remains would be of negligible significance, derived from their limited archaeological
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and historical interest. The mining operation is well within living memory and is not considered to hold either archaeological or historical interest.
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6 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1. This section of the report provides an assessment on above ground heritage assets, and considers changes to how a designated heritage asset is understood and experienced in relation to its setting. 6.1.2. The site is on a prominent location in the surrounding landscape, albeit on a site that is already developed with large scale warehousing. Following Step 1 of the settings guidance GPA 3, the table below indicates which designated heritage assets within the study area have been scoped out of the assessment as they would not be affected at all by the proposed development, in terms of material changes to their setting. This is based on the distance of the asset from the site; the asset’s location, scale and orientation, and the nature, extent and scale of intervening built form, including built development currently on the site itself, vegetation and topography between asset and the site. 6.1.3. Following Step 2 of the settings guidance GPA 3, this section assesses the degree to which setting makes a contribution to the significance of the heritage assets included in the assessment, or allows significance to be appreciated.
Table 3 - Setting of designated assets: assets scoped out Assessment Name Rationale for exclusion ref. Stoke Rochford Conservation Area The conservation area includes the historic village of Stoke Rochford and extends to the A1 Great North Road on its eastern boundary. It also includes part of the southern edge of Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. Its setting is defined by surrounding farmland, the Stoke Rochford estate, the A1 Great North Road, the boundary of the Easton Park estate and the settings of the designated heritage assets within the conservation area. The intervening topography and woodland means that the asset will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The setting of this asset will not be affected in terms of material changes to setting. UID refs: Designated heritage assets within Stoke The setting of the church is defined and experienced by its 1147858 Rochford Conservation area (excluding relationship to the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and the 1005014 those within Stoke Rochford Registered Easton Park estate, the Saxon cross, its churchyard and 1360352 Park and Garden): the Old Rectory as well as to the wider village. Although 1168492 Church of St Mary and St Andrew (listed the proposed development is on land awarded to the 1062292 Grade I), Saxon cross in churchyard of owners of the Easton Park estate, this is already occupied 1306993 parish church, South Stoke (scheduled by the cold store facility site. The setting of the other listed 1062296 monument), Nos. 1 and 2 School Close buildings within the conservation area are defined and 1306927 (listed Grade II), No. 3 School Close experienced by their relationship to the Stoke Rochford 1360355 (listed Grade II), Nos. 4 and 5 School estate, the church and to the other listed buildings in the 1168606 Close (listed Grade II), Old School and village, many of which were built for the Turnor family. The School House (listed Grade II), Village relationship between the 19th century estate buildings in Pump (listed Grade II), Church Cottages the village is particularly significant. Views out from the (listed grade II), Almhouses (listed village towards the east are defined by the woodland belts Grade II), Church Cottages (listed Grade of the Stoke Rochford Estate, the tree belt along the A1 (II). Great North Road and the treelined boundary of Easton Park. The intervening topography, buildings and woodland means that the assets will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The setting of these assets will not be affected in terms of material changes to setting. UID ref: Old Rectory (listed Grade II) Located outside of the Stoke Rochford Conservation Area 1360345 the setting of the Old Rectory is defined by surrounding farmland and by its relationship to the Church of St Mary
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Assessment Name Rationale for exclusion ref. and St Andrew. Farm buildings and the tree belt of the A1 Great North Road are prominent in views out from the asset. The intervening topography and woodland means that the assets will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The assets will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID ref: Bridge over River Witham (listed Grade Located on Woolsthorpe Road, the bridge dates to the late- 1308581 II) 18th century. Its setting is defined by the River Witham, Woolsthorpe Road and by its relationship to Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth. The view out from the asset towards the location of the site is defined by thick vegetation. The intervening topography and vegetation means that the asset will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID refs: Designated heritage assets in Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth contains Woolsthorpe Manor 1062362 Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth: and the designated heritage assets associated with the 1360311 Woolsthorpe Manor House (listed Grade manor – the birthplace of Sir Isaac Newton. The setting of 1062363 I), Cartshed at Woolsthorpe Manor the Woolsthorpe Manor buildings is defined by their 1365604 (listed Grade II), Barn at Woolsthorpe relationship to each other and to the residential buildings of 1360312 Manor (listed Grade II), Stables and Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth. The setting of the other 1360314 Wagon Hovel at Woolsthorpe Manor designated heritage assets is defined by the residential 1365619 (listed Grade II), Animal Shelter at buildings of Woolsthorpe by Colsterworth. The intervening 1062365 Woolsthorpe Manor (listed Grade II), topography and location of residential buildings mean that 1365614 Manor Cottages (listed Grade II), Chapel the assets will not be visually affected by the proposed 1062364 Cottage (listed Grade II*), 26 Newton development. 1147311 Way (listed Grade II), 47 Newton Way The assets will not be affected by the proposed 1360313 (listed Grade II), Cart Shed and Stables development in terms of material changes to setting. (listed Grade II), Asholme Lodge (listed Grade II), Barn and Stables (listed Grade II). UID refs: Designated heritage assets in The setting of the designated heritage assets is defined by 1360309 Colsterworth: the village of Colsterworth and the relationship of the 1147249 Church of St John the Baptist (listed designated heritage assets within the village centred 1062360 Grade I), Chest Tomb at East End of around the Church of St John the Baptist. The view north 1308590 Church of St John the Baptist (listed out of the village along the B6403 High Dike is defined by 1062366 Grade II), 2 chest tombs at south east woodland. The intervening topography, buildings and 1147318 end of Church of St John the Baptist woodland mean that the assets will not be visually affected 1360310 (listed Grade II), Gatepiers, Gateway by the proposed development. 1147261 and Railings of East Side of Churchyard The assets will not be affected by the proposed 1147268 (listed Grade II), Manor House (listed development in terms of material changes to setting. 1062355 Grade II), 4 Spring Lane (listed Grade 1062356 II), 16 High Street (listed Grade II), 1360307 Former Reading Room and Library 1062357 (listed Grade II), Thirtle (listed Grade II), 1360308 39 and 41 High Street (listed Grade II), 1062358 Acacia Cottage (listed Grade II), 49 High 1062359 Street (listed Grade II), 53 High Street 1062353 (listed Grade II), Home Farm House (listed Grade II), Garden Wall to Home Farm (listed Grade II), War Memorial (listed Grade II), 10 Bourne Road (listed Grade II) Skillington Conservation Area The Skillington Conservation Area Appraisal notes that the character of the conservation area is defined ‘by the curvilinear development that radiates from a central square opposite the Methodist chapel.’ The village core is marked
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Assessment Name Rationale for exclusion ref. by a high density of development which changes to a more rural character outside of the village core. The setting of the conservation area is defined by surrounding farmland and woodland as well as the settings of the designated heritage assets in the village. Key views within the conservation area are defined by the spire of the Church of St James which is very prominent in the landscape. Views out from the conservation area are defined by distant tree belts notably those of the Stoke Rochford estate. The intervening topography, buildings and woodland mean that the asset will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID refs: Designated heritage assets within The settings of the Church of St James, gravestone, Old 1168300 Skillington Conservation Area: Vicarage, The Abbey and its stables and pigeoncote are 1062321 Church of St James (listed Grade I), defined by the relationship with the designated heritage 1360332 Gravestone, 4 paces south of south assets located in or near the church at the north-west of 1168261 porch of Church of St James (listed the village as well as the surrounding farmland and 1360330 Grade II), The Old Vicarage (listed woodland. The church spire is a prominent feature within 1062320 Grade II), The Abbey (listed Grade II), the village. The other designated heritage assets are 1168326 Stables at the Abbey (listed Grade II), defined by the relationship to the wider village of 1307044 Pigeoncote at the Abbey (listed Grade Skillington. Looking north from the village along Grantham 1360331 II), Village Cross (listed Grade II), Manor Road the view is defined by surrounding farmland and 1062323 Farmhouse (listed Grade II), Tyler’s woodland. The intervening topography, buildings and 1307048 Farmhouse (listed Grade II), Barn, woodland mean that the assets will not be visually affected 1168334 Stables and Loose Boxes at Manor by the proposed development. 1062322 Farmhouse (listed Grade II), Lower The assets will not be affected by the proposed Farmhouse (listed Grade II), Stables development in terms of material changes to setting. behind 2 houses that are opposite Shepherds Barn (listed Grade II), 2 Houses opposite Shepherds Barn (listed Grade II). UID ref: North Road Farmhouse (listed Grade II) Located c. 3.1km north-west of the site North Road 1062346 Farmhouse was built in the 18th century and altered in the 19th century. Its setting is defined by the nearby residential buildings of Great Ponton and by its proximity to the A1 Great North Road. The intervening topography, location of residential buildings and woodland mean that the asset will not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID ref: Dunkirk Cottage (listed Grade II) Located c. 3.1km north-west of the site, Dunkirk Cottage 1062349 was built in 1775 and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its setting is defined by Great Ponton located to the north and by surrounding woodland belts and farmland. The intervening topography, location of residential buildings and woodland mean that the asset will not be visually affected by the proposed development The asset will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID refs: Designated heritage assets in Great Located c. 3.5km north-west of the site, the setting of the 1062347 Ponton: Church of the Holy Cross (listed assets is defined by the surrounding buildings of Great 1147917 Grade I), The Old Rectory, Wall and Ponton. The church, rectory and Church Farm are to the 1062348 Gate Piers (listed Grade II*), Barn at north of the village and the relationship of the church and 1307190 Church Farm (listed Grade II*), Stables the rectory is particularly important. The intervening 1147887 at Church Farm (listed Grade II), No. 5 topography, buildings and woodland mean that the assets Archers Way (listed Grade II) will not be visually affected by the proposed development.
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Assessment Name Rationale for exclusion ref. The asset will not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. UID refs: Designated heritage assets in The designated heritage assets are defined by the 1062858 Bassingthorpe: Church of St Thomas a relationship with the other listed buildings in the village of 1062859 Becket (listed Grade I), 2 Gravestones Bassingthorpe. The relationship of the church and the 1062860 in Churchyard 4 and 9 paces from porch buildings associated with the Manor House is particularly 1062861 on south side of Church of St Thomas a important. The village is prominently located on rising 1062862 Becket (listed Grade II), the Manor ground to the north-west of the site. Views out from the House (listed Grade I), Barn at the village are defined by farmland and woodland. The Manor House (listed Grade II), Manor intervening topography, buildings and woodland mean that Farmhouse and Manor Farm Cottage the assets will not be visually affected by the proposed and Attached Farm Buildings (listed development. Grade II). The assets will not be affected by the proposed Note should be made of a scheduled development in terms of material changes to setting. monument: Bassingthorpe Moated Manor Site (UID ref: 1016475).
6.2 ABOVE GROUND ASSETS WITHIN THE SITE 6.2.1. There are no designated heritage assets within the site. 6.2.2. The cold store office building is noted in Pevsner and Harris (revised Antram) Buildings of England. Lincolnshire (1989) as part of the Christian Salvesen Cold Store site built 1973–4. Designed by Rex Critchlow of Pye & Partners it ‘assets itself by means of its vivid colour and striking design’ (p. 266). The office building provides a contrasting presence at the south-east corner of the site with the surrounding cold store buildings. 6.2.3. Its design contrasts with the cold storage units and provides a striking entrance to the XPO Logistics site. Designed by local architect Rex Critchlow (1936–2010) of Pye and Partners (later Pye Critchlow Architects Ltd), the main office accommodation was raised above ground floor level by the construction of four legs. 6.2.4. The office building is not on the statutory list. The local authority does not maintain a local list. It is of low significance, as derived from its limited architectural and historical interest. The Principles of Selection for Listed Buildings (2010) outlines the criteria in terms of age and rarity, stating that: ‘particularly careful consideration is required for buildings from the period after 1945.’ Historic England’s Listing Selection Guide for Commerce and Exchange Buildings (reissued 2017) reinforces this point. Although it argues that offices ‘have become one of the most important building types in post-war England’ (p. 11) it adds that as with all buildings after 1850 a rigorous selection is necessary. Office buildings are likely to have undergone a degree of alteration ‘and cannot be expected to survive in their original configuration. Careful assessment is needed as to whether enough survives of the special interest for designation to be warranted’ (p, 19). 6.2.5. The XPO Logistics main office block was designed with red plastic and grey steel sheeting with concrete base. The interior has recently been refurbished, although much of the building’s internal features have been retained. The use of four feet to raise the main office accommodation to first floor level reflected a design achieved so spectacularly by the contemporary Halifax Building (BDP, 1968–74), although the cold store office building is on a far more modest scale. A single-storey glasshouse was added shortly after the completion of the office building as laboratory space. It is an unsympathetic addition and detracts from Critchlow’s original design. 6.2.6. The setting is defined by the units of the cold store site, the adjacent B6403 road, vehicular traffic using the site and adjacent farmland. However, much of the original cold store site is no longer extant. The setting makes a low contribution to the asset’s significance.
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Plate 1: XPO Logistics Site office building showing the unsympathetic glasshouse extension at ground floor level.
6.3 SELECTED ABOVE GROUND ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE EASTON PARK REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN 6.3.1. Easton Park (A40) is a Grade II Registered Park and Garden. Its eastern boundary is 90m west from the boundary of the site. 6.3.2. The current grounds were laid out by the Cholmeley family in the 1840s as part of the formal setting of Easton Hall. Located west of the hamlet of Easton the north boundary extends to Easton Lane. From here its eastern boundary runs south across farmland until it meets the A1 Great North Road to the south of the site. Much of the park’s setting is defined by the surrounding woodland and farmland of the wider Easton Park estate as well as by the A1 Great North Road to the west and by the cold store site to the east of High Dike. Easton Walled Gardens and other estate buildings are reached via Planting Road accessed via a junction with the B6403 High Dike. This forms the eastern extent of the Registered Park and Garden located 90m west from the site boundary. The Registered Park and Garden contains 13 separate designated heritage assets many dating from the 1840s. The relationship between the Registered Park and Garden and the surviving built heritage assets within the park contributes to the asset’s significance. The associated traffic noise from the A1 is prominent at the western boundary of the estate, especially at North Lodge. The location of the cold store at Easton is prominent in views out from Planting Road. 6.3.3. Planting Road is marked on an 1808 Enclosure map as Public Road No. 1 and Public Road No. 2 (Easton Lane is marked as Public Road No. 4). The main entrance to the estate was reached via North Lodge off the Great North Road. Public Road No. 1 began at North Lodge, continued through the estate and across the River Witham. It continued to the heart of the estate before continuing east towards High Dike on Public Road No. 2 – today’s eastern boundary of the registered park and garden. The eastern end of Planting Road was a secondary entrance into Easton Park – allowing access to the gatehouse and stables as well as access from the estate to the High Dike. Its inclusion in the boundary of the registered park and garden reflects its status as a key route into and out of the estate. 6.3.4. Easton Park Registered Park and Garden formed the setting of the now demolished Easton Hall. Laid out in the 1840s, the park provides high historic interest as an example of a mid-19th formal estate and ornamental garden. It also has a wider communal value as a source of employment for generations of local people. The park’s high architectural interest is in its landscaped design, occupying a roughly triangular shape, characterised by a north to south ridge, a steep slope to the west of the site and by the location of the River Witham which runs through the estate. The relationship of the park and garden to the designated heritage assets within it contributes to the asset’s significance. 6.3.5. As a Grade II Registered Park and Garden the heritage asset is of high significance. The setting of the estate is defined by the surrounding Easton Park estate, by the A1 which formed the historic western
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boundary, the setting of the designated heritage assets within the park and by surrounding woodland and farmland – much of the surrounding land forms part of the Easton Park estate. The busy dual carriageway of the A1 has had an adverse effect on views out from the park and garden, especially at the North Lodge. The location of the Easton cold store site has had an adverse effect in views out from the entrance to the park and garden on Planting Road. Despite these adverse effects, the setting of the Registered Park and Garden makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance.
Plates 2 and 3: detail of Easton Walled Gardens looking west towards the A1 Great North and north towards the Bridge on the west side of the kitchen garden.
DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN EASTON PARK REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN The Old School 6.3.6. The Old School on Planting Road (A18) was built in 1878 and altered in the 20th century for use as residential accommodation. A single-storey building constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings, the Old School is located within the boundary of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. The school was presumably financed by the Cholmeley family for the local population – many of whom would have worked for the estate. The school’s origins accounts for its location within the Easton Park estate and for its high level of design, complete with a number of fine architectural details including the Cholmeley arms and date 1878 inscribed above the canted bay window to the left of the main entrance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its proximity to the Easton Park estate, by neighbouring farmland and by the woodland belt running along the south side of Planting Road. Its setting is also defined by the cold store site which is prominent in views out from the south-east corner of the asset. 6.3.7. The Old School has high historic interest as an example of a late-19th century school building. It has communal value through its former use as an educational space for the community of Easton, probably financed by the owners of the Easton Park estate. Its high architectural interest is reflected in its external finish, influenced by its relationship to Easton Park. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate, the woodland belt along Planting Road and by surrounding farmland. However, the Easton cold store site has had an adverse effect on setting and in the view out from the south-east corner of the asset. Despite this adverse effect, its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. The Round House 6.3.8. The Round House (A46) was built as a cottage and lodge in c. 1810. Listed Grade II, it is a single storey building constructed of limestone rubble, with ashlar dressings and Gothic detailing. It is located off Easton Lane and formed one of the entrances to the park. It is located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden.
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6.3.9. The Round House has high historic interest detail as an estate building pre-dating the mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. Its high architectural interest is in its early-19th century Gothic detailing. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. The setting of the asset is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and by Easton Lane and relationship to the other designated assets within the park and garden. The setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. North Lodge, Gates and Gate Piers 6.3.10. North Lodge, Gates and Gate Piers at North West Corner of Park, onto A1 Road (A47) was constructed in c 1840 as part of the mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. Listed Grade II, the gate lodge is constructed of limestone rubble with ashlar dressings. It is a single storey building with canted bay windows to the front and front side elevations. The cast iron gates and ashlar gate piers, topped with supporting orbs, form a suitably formal entrance. Its location by the A1 Great North Road reflects its position as the former main entrance to the estate. It is located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.11. The North Lodge, gates and gate piers have high historic interest as a part of a mid- 19th century designed landscape and high architectural interest as the formal main entrance to Easton Park. As a Grade II listed building the asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate, by the Great North Road and its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Despite the adverse effect of the busy dual carriageway of the A1, its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. Bridge over River Witham 6.3.12. Bridge over River Witham on North Drive (A23) was built in c 1840 as part of the setting of Easton Hall, rebuilt at the same time. Formed of two semi-circular arches, the bridge is located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.13. The bridge over River Witham has high historic interest as part of a mid-19th century designed landscape. Its high architectural interest is as a formal and attractive crossing point over the River Witham, allowing the grounds to make a feature of the river’s geographic location through the estate. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. The setting of the asset is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate, the River Witham and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. Dower House and Coach House 6.3.14. Dower House and Coach House (A22) was built in the late 18th century. It was altered as part of the mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. It was altered again in the 20th century. Two storeys, constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings, a coach house is attached to the left-hand side. The Dower House and Coach House is located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.15. The Dower House and Coach House has high historic and architectural interest as one of the surviving 18th century buildings in Easton Park. Its alteration reflects its history as part of the remodelling of the estate in the mid-19th century. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. Ashlar cross 6.3.16. An ashlar cross (A7) dating to c. 1840, is located at the western end of Planting Road, as the road turns-north- west. The tapered cross shaft rises from a plinth of two steps. The shaft rises to a square topping. The cross is located above this, sitting on its own square base. Located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden, the cross was constructed to commemorate Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I - as Queen Eleanor’s funeral procession from Lincoln to London would probably have passed close-by to Planting Road after leaving Grantham. 6.3.17. The cross in Planting Road has high historic interest as a commemoration of Queen Eleanor’s funeral procession and high historic and architectural interest as an attractive addition to a mid-19th century designed landscape. As a Grade II listed building, the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate, Planting Road and its woodland belt, as well as its relationship to the Gatehouse and other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance.
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Houses on the north side of the Stables 6.3.18. Located just to the south east of the cross on Planting Road are 3 Houses on the North Side of the Stables (A19). Dating to the late-18th century these former servants’ houses were altered c. 1840. Later altered in 20th century. Constructed from coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings. The houses are located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.19. The 3 houses on the north side of the stables have high historic and architectural interest as surviving examples of servants’ quarters dating from the 18th century which were subsequently altered as part of the 19th century remodelling of the estate. They also have communal value as generations of locally employed people and their families were accommodated in these houses. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate, by its location to the c. 1840 cross, Planting Road and its woodland belt, as well as its relationship to other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. Other assets 6.3.20. Gatehouse, 2 Lodges, Stables, Coach-house, clock tower and walls (A25) date to 1841 and were part of the mid-19th century remodelling of Easton Park. Subsequently altered in the late-19th century and 20th century. The Gatehouse is a three-bay gate tower, constructed of ashlar coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings. The central bay is of two storeys with a semi-circular archway. The projecting towers are topped with pinnacles. Above the central archway is a cross mullioned window. The corbel has a shield with the date 1841 and initials MIC inscribed. To the right of the Gatehouse is a tall wall. Attached to the wall is a lodge, part of a matching pair. The stable yard and clock tower are to the right of the Gatehouse. The clock tower has three clock faces. The buildings are within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.21. The Gatehouse, Lodges, Stables, Coach-house, clock-tower and walls have high historic interest as essential estate working buildings and as part of a mid-19th century designed landscape. They have high architectural interest as finely detailed additions to the estate, once providing the immediate setting for the now demolished Easton Hall. The buildings also have communal value as they are linked to the employment of estate workers, likely consisting of generations of local people. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance.
Plate 4: Easton Park looking north-east towards the Gatehouse, Lodges, Stables, Coach-house, clock-tower and walls (listed Grade II).
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6.3.22. Garden Gateway to the Grotto, in Private Gardens, East of Terrace (A21) dates from the early-19th century but elements may date from the early-18th century. Central gateway with Doric pilasters and irregular steps lead to the grotto. It is located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.23. The Garden Gateway to the Grotto has high historic and architectural interest as a surviving example of an early-19th century private retreat, possibly containing elements dating from the early-18th century. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.24. Garden Wall to East of Kitchen Garden, Sundial, Gateway and 2 Garden Shed (A24) date to c. 1840 and the mid-19th remodelling of the Easton Park. The tall ashlar wall is topped by a sundial. Behind the wall are lean- to sheds. The buildings are within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.25. The Garden Wall, Sundial and Garden Sheds have of high historic and architectural interest as part of the mid- 19th century designed landscape and ornamental garden designed to provide the immediate setting for Easton Hall. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.26. Bridge on west side of Kitchen Garden, over River Witham (A26) is a footbridge built c. 1840 as part of the mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. Constructed of two basket arches with ashlar dressings it has pier heads topped with ball finials. It takes a footpath over the River Witham and provides an ornamental feature of the river’s geographical location. The bridge is within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.27. The Bridge on the west side of the Kitchen Garden has high historic and architectural interest as part of a mid- 19th-century designed landscape providing the immediate setting for Easton Hall. It also has high architectural interest as part of the formal gardens and by providing an ornamental crossing over the River Witham, making a feature of the river’s geography running through the estate. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate, the River Witham and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance 6.3.28. Kitchen Garden Walls and Gateway, Tool House, Apple House and Gardener’s House and Cottage (A48) dates to c. 1810. Remodelled in c. 1840 and again in 20th century. Rectangular kitchen garden wall with central gateway and gardener’s house and cottage at each corner. Located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.29. The kitchen garden walls and gateway, tool house apple house, gardener’s house and cottage have high historic interest as part of the earlier Easton Park estate. The buildings have high architectural interest as part of a mid-19th century estate and ornamental garden. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Despite the adverse effect of the busy dual carriageway of the A1, its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.30. Garden Terrace, Railings and 2 Gateways, South of Gatehouse (A16) was built c. 1840 as part of the mid- 19th century remodelling of the estate. Built as part of the formal gardens, it is located within the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.31. The garden terrace, railings and gateways have high historic and architectural interest as integral and attractive elements of a mid-19th century designed landscape. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Easton Park estate and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. SMALL POND, 20 PACES FROM HOME FARM BUILDINGS 6.3.32. Small Pond, 20 paces from Home Farm Buildings (A17) is located on the Easton Park estate. Located outside the boundary of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden, the small pond consists of an early-19th century ashlar red stone basin. 6.3.33. The small pond basin is of high historic interest as an early-19th century asset, presumably part of the Easton Park estate. As a Grade II listed building the asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined by its location
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on the Easton Park estate, the non-designated Home Farm Buildings and surrounding farmland. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. EASTON FARM 6.3.34. Easton Farm (A13) is located c.735m south west of the site, just to the east of the boundary of the Registered Park and Garden. The farmhouse and cottages do not appear on an Enclosure map of 1808 but are shown on an 1887 map of Lincolnshire, dating the farm buildings from the mid to late-19th century. The farm is located on land owned by the Cholmeley family and is an ancillary building of the Easton Park estate. 6.3.35. Easton Farm has some historic and architectural interest as a mid to late-19th century ancillary building to the Easton Park estate. Located outside of the Registered Park and Garden it is not statutorily listed and is not locally listed. The asset is of low significance. Its setting is defined by its location on the wider Easton Park estate. The asset has views out towards the cold store site, surrounding farmland, the B6403 and tree belts marking the eastern boundary of the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. Despite the adverse effect of the cold store site its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. STOKE ROCHFORD HALL REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN 6.3.36. Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden (A61) was laid out in its current form in the mid-19th century. The grounds were first laid out by the Turnor family in the 17th century and were extended and landscaped in the 18th century. The remodelling of the estate reflected the increasing importance of the Turnor family. Christopher Turnor used his family’s wealth to build a new house on a more prominent location – the current Stoke Rochford Hall designed by the architect William Burn. W.A. Nesfield was commissioned to design the ornamental grounds. Requisitioned during the Second World War the Turnor family sold the estate in 1948. The Registered Park and Garden occupies a largely rural setting with farmland to the north. At its southern boundary (which is the main entrance to the park) is the village of Stoke Rochford. The park is enclosed by dense tree belts. The Cringle Brook runs through the park from north to south. Its eastern boundary is marked by the A1 Great North Road. 6.3.37. Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden is the formal setting of the Grade I listed Stoke Rochford Hall. Laid out in the 1840s it has high historic and architectural interest as a complete mid-19th century grounds and ornamental gardens by W. A. Nesfield. It also has a wider communal value as the estate provided employment for generations of local people – some of whom lived on nearby estate cottages in Stoke Rochford. Stoke Rochford Park and Garden has high architectural interest from its landscaped design which slopes down towards the valley formed by the Cringle Brook. An ornamental feature and pleasure lake was formed by damming the Cringle Brook. The gardens provide the setting to Stoke Rochford Hall. The Stoke Rochford Leisure Centre and the conference centre detract from significance. As a Grade II* Registered Park and Garden the heritage asset is of very high significance. The setting of the estate is defined and epxerienced by the settings of the designated heritage assets within the park and garden, by surrounding farmland and woodland and by the village of Stoke Rochford to the south and by the Great North Road to the east. The south-east corner of the estate is used by Stoke Rochford Golf Club. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance.
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Plates 5 and 6: detail of Grade II* Registered Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden looking out from the house towards the south-east and north-west towards the hall.
Plates 7 and 8: detail of Stoke Rochford Hall (listed Grade I) showing orangery and the rear elevation.
STOKE ROCHFORD HALL 6.3.38. Stoke Rochford Hall (A49) was designed by William Burn in the Jacobethan style for Christopher Turnor MP. Built on an L-plan the principal range is of two storeys plus attic range. To the right of the principal range is a single-storey orangery. To the left of the principal range is a service wing completed in a more restrained style. The main entrance is formed of an advanced two storey porch. At first floor is a semi-circular oriel window. The gable has a clock face with Roman numerals. To either side are obelisks and above the clock face are the Turnor arms and a broken segmental pediment topped by a lion. The rear elevation is of also in a more restrained style – it has a central range with slightly projecting gable wings and facetted bay windows at both storeys. The house has fine leadwater rain goods inscribed with T for Turnor and the year 1843. It is located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.39. Stoke Rochford Hall has high historic interest as an example of a mid-19th century country house designed by William Burn. It demonstrates the increasing wealth of the Turnor family during the mid-19th century and replaced a smaller 1790s house built in a less prominent location. The house has a wider communal value as it employed generations of local people. Stoke Rochford Hall has high architectural interest as a fine example of the mid-19th century Jacobethan country house style. The rich decorations, characterised by obelisk finials and rich decorated cornices reflect the wealth and status of Christopher Turnor MP. As a Grade I listed building the heritage asset is of very high significance. The setting of Stoke Rochford Hall is defined and experienced by its location in the designed landscape and relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden. However, the conference centre and the leisure centre have detracted from the setting of
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the house and are prominent in views out from the main entrance. Despite these adverse effects, the setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. Other designated heritage assets within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden 6.3.40. 3 Gatepiers, Wall and Lodge, South East Entrance, 550 metres south-east of Stoke Rochford Hall (A50) provides the formal entrance to the estate. The single-storey ashlar gate lodge has a 3-bay front, embellished with the initials CT for Christopher Turnor and the date 1834. The Turnor arms are prominently displayed on the front side elevation. The ashlar gate piers are topped by ball finials. The wrought iron railings and squared limestone rubble flanking walls complete the grand entrance. Located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden and Stoke Rochford Conservation Area. 6.3.41. The formal main entrance to Stoke Rochford Hall has high historic and architectural interest as one of the first buildings completed as part of Christopher Turnor’s remodelling of the house and estate. Its high architectural interest is also in its fine detailing reflecting their status as the main entrance to the estate. As a Grade II listed building the heritage asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate, its position as the main entrance and by its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden, as well as by the village of Stoke Rochford. Its setting makes a high contribution to significance. 6.3.42. Bridge approximately 350m south of the Hall (A51) was possibly designed by William Burn. Built in c. 1841, it is formed of 3 pointed arches. Square piers have ball finials. It spans a narrow point of the lake formed by the damming of Cringle Brook. It is located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.43. The bridge has high historic and architectural interest as part of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th century formal estate and ornamental gardens which provided the setting of Stoke Rochford Hall. The damming of Cringle Brook allowed Nesfield to create an artificial pleasure lake for Christopher Turnor. As a Grade II listed building, the bridge is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate, by the River Witham and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to significance. 6.3.44. Ornamental Archway approximately 350m south of Stoke Rochford Hall (A52) was built in 1676, altered in 1704 and again in the 19th century for Christopher Turnor. Ashlar with coursed limestone rubble side walls. Headed archway flanked by Doric pilasters. The blocked doorways indicate former lodges to either side of the archway. Inscription to Sir Edmund Turnor dated 1704. It is located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.45. The ornamental archway 350m south of the hall is of high historic and architectural interest as a surviving ornamental structure from the earlier estate grounds. It was reduced in size in the mid-19th century as part of Christopher Turnor’s remodelling of the estate. As a Grade I listed building the heritage asset is of very high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to the ornamental archway 250m west of the hall, the pleasure lake and the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance.
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Plates 9 and 10: Bridge (listed Grade II) and Ornamental Arch 350m (listed Grade I) 350m south of Stoke Rochford Hall.
6.3.46. Ornamental Archway 250m south west from hall (A53) was built in 1676 and re-erected as part of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th century ornamental garden. Round headed archway flanked by Doric pilasters. It is located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.47. The ornamental archway 250m south-west from the hall has high historic and architectural interest as a surviving ornamental structure from the earlier estate grounds. It was re-erected as part of Christopher Turnor’s remodelling of the estate. As a Grade I building the asset is of very high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to the ornamental archway 350m south of the hall, the pleasure lake and to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to significance. 6.3.48. Gate, Screen Wall and Balustrade to west of Stoke Rochford Hall (A54) was designed by William Burn and built c. 1841–45. It has wrought iron central double gates and square gatepiers. Gate overthrow has initials CT for Christopher Turnor. Located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.49. The gate, screen wall and balustrade has high historic interest as part of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th remodelling of the estate. Designed by William Burn it has high architectural interest as the part of the richly decorated main gateway to Stoke Rochford Hall. As a Grade II* listed building the heritage asset is of very high significance. Its setting is defined by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate, by its position as part of the main approach to the hall and relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially to the obelisk. The conference centre and leisure centre have detracted from its setting but despite these adverse effects, its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.50. Seats, Balustrades and Terraces to east of Stoke Rochford Hall (A55) was built c. 1841-45. Designed by William Burn. Upper and lower terraces with parterre. At the south of the main terrace is a large stone seat with panelled back. At the south end of the lower terrace is smaller seat. The terrace was designed to overlook the valley of the Cringle Brook. Currently on Historic England’s Heritage at Risk Register. Damage is described as ‘progressive and accelerating.’ It is located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.51. The seats, screen wall and balustrade have high historic interest as part of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. It was designed by William Burn it has high architectural interest as an unusual and ornamental feature within the gardens, providing the immediate setting for the hall. As a Grade I listed building the heritage asset is of very high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and proximity to Stoke Rochford Hall, as well as by its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.52. Stables immediately north of Stoke Rochford Hall (A56) were built c. 1841-45. Designed by William Burn for Christopher Turnor, they are built around a courtyard linked to the main house. Central archway formed of
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semi-circular arch of rusticated voussoirs, flanked by panelled pilasters topped by urns. Carriage openings have 20th century brick blocking. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.53. The stables have high historic and architectural interest as key parts of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th century estate. Designed by William Burn with 20th century alterations. The stables also have communal interest as a working building which provided employment for generations of local people. As a Grade II listed building the asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden, by its proximity to the hall and its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.54. Obelisk, approximately 250m north-west of Stoke Rochford Hall (A57) was built in 1847. Probably designed by William Burn. The obelisk stands on 2 deep steps and a square base. On the east side is a slate panel with date of 1847 and recording its completion by Charles Turnor in honour of Sir Isaac Newton. It is located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.55. The obelisk has high historic interest as part of the ornamental garden and for its construction specifically to honour Sir Isaac Newton, born at Woolsthorpe Manor. It has high architectural interest as a notable landmark within a mid-19th century designed landscape. As a Grade II* listed building the asset is of very high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location in the Stoke Rochford Hall estate, its visual relationship to Stoke Rochford Hall and by its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The leisure centre and the conference centre have detracted from its setting. Despite these adverse effects, its setting makes a high contribution to the asset’s significance. FENTON COTTAGE AND OLD PARK FARM 6.3.56. Barn and Stables at Old Park Farm (A15) was built in the late-18th century and altered in the 19th-century. Constructed of coursed limestone rubble. Single bay barn and 3 bay stables. 6.3.57. The barn and stables at Old Park Farm have high historic interest as a group of late-18th century farm buildings. As a Grade II listed building the asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by farmland and woodland and by its relationship to Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm. The chimneys and buildings of the McCain frozen food site to the north of the XPO Logistics site is prominent to the south of the asset. Its setting makes a moderate contribution to the asset’s significance. 6.3.58. Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm (A20) date to the 18th century. Constructed of limestone rubble the cottages were altered in the 20th century. 6.3.59. Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm have high historic interest as a pair of 18th-century cottages. As a Grade II listed building the asset is of high significance. Its setting is defined and experienced by farmland and woodland and by its relationship to the barn and stables at Old Park Farm. The chimneys and buildings of the McCain frozen food site to the north of the XPO Logistics site is also prominent to the south of the asset. Its setting makes a moderate contribution to the asset’s significance. STOKE GRANGE FARM 6.3.60. Stoke Grange Farmhouse (A59), Barn at Stoke Grange and Stables (A58), Waggon Hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm (A60) are a group of farm buildings dating from the 18th and 19th centuries with later alterations. The buildings are located on the Easton Park estate but are outside the boundary of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 6.3.61. Stoke Grange Farmhouse, Barn at Stoke Grange and Stables, Waggon Hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm have high historic interest as a group of surviving 18th-century ancillary buildings of the Easton Park estate. As Grade II listed buildings the assets are of high significance. The setting of the assets is defined and experienced by surrounding farmland and woodland of the Easton Park Estate and by its visual relationship to. Jenkinson and Son Farm to the south-west. The setting makes a high contribution to the significance of the assets.
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7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1.1. This section assesses the likely impact on the significance of buried and above ground heritage assets. 7.1.2. During demolition and construction, anything that would cause ground disturbance, such as preliminary ground works, site strip/topsoil removal, demolition, remediation, landscaping, planting, excavation for basements, foundations, services, drainage and lighting, could potentially have an impact on known or possible buried heritage assets. Above ground heritage assets may also be affected directly through demolition and alteration of historic fabric, where this is proposed, and indirectly temporarily from vibration (e.g. piling), dust and noise. 7.1.3. During the operational phase, effects on buried heritage assets are typically scoped out on the basis that once the proposed development has been completed, no further ground disturbance would occur and consequently there would be no additional impact. 7.1.4. The operational phase can have an impact on above ground heritage assets, due to changes to their setting, and how the asset is understood and experienced. Following Step 3 of the setting guidance GPA3 the report assesses the effects of the proposed development, whether beneficial or harmful, on the significance of the heritage assets or on the ability to appreciate the assets. 7.2 OUTLINE OF THE PROPOSAL RELEVANT TO THE ASSESSMENT 7.2.1. The proposed scheme comprises the redevelopment and replacement of an existing late 20th century cold storage facility (Unit 1–4) occupying approximately 20% of the site, in the central western part of the site and recently demolished to slab level, and its replacement with a new cold store with loading dock within a smaller footprint at its southern end, though with a slight extension to the west beyond the existing footprint (Figure 12). 7.2.2. The proposed height of the replacement cold store is 46.1m above existing ground level (Campus Park, dwg ref: B0501 rev D, dated 18.01.2018, not reproduced). 7.2.3. A number of subsidiary structures in the south-west and south-east corners of the site are also proposed to be demolished (Figure 13). 7.2.4. A new plant room is also proposed on the western side of the site, and a new overhead elevated conveyor bridge and vehicle wash on the eastern side of the site, with updated surface parking provision on the southern part of the site (Figure 12). 7.2.5. No details of the foundation type of the proposed warehouse building are available at the time of writing. It is assumed that the existing slab of the former cold store would be broken out and replaced and that the proposed new warehouse would have piled foundations (B Dobson, Campus Park, pers. comm., 14.06.2018). 7.3 IMPACT ON BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 7.3.1. Archaeological survival across the majority of the site (75% plus) is anticipated to be low due to previous mining activity and the construction of the existing buildings and services on site. 7.3.2. The main potential (moderate potential) is for Roman remains associated with the nearby Roman road and roadside settlement to the west of the site, potentially of medium or high heritage significance, and for post- medieval agricultural remains (low to moderate potential), including evidence of former field boundaries and drainage ditches, of negligible heritage significance. 7.3.3. The impacts from the proposed development on potential below ground heritage assets would largely come from the construction (particularly foundations) of the replacement warehouse and plant building, while provision of new surface parking and services is likely to have a further impact on potential below ground archaeological survival. Site preparation and pile/obstruction removal 7.3.4. Works carried out as part of the initial site set up, including preliminary site stripping and the proposed demolition of a number of subsidiary structures in the south-west and south-eastern corners of the site, the installation of site fencing and welfare facilities, is assumed for the purposes of this assessment to cause
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ground disturbance to a maximum depth of 0.5mbgl, potentially truncating any archaeological remains present immediately below the modern made ground. 7.3.5. The impact of pile probing and the removal of other buried obstructions such as foundations would depend on the size and density of the existing intrusions, which is currently uncertain, but such work can have a considerable archaeological impact in disturbing adjacent remains. Breaking out foundation slab 7.3.6. Breaking out of the existing foundation/floor slab would potentially have an impact, truncating or removing entirely any archaeological remains directly beneath the slab. It is anticipated however that archaeological surviving beneath the existing slab is low. Piled foundations 7.3.7. Any archaeological remains within the footprint of each pile would be removed as the pile is driven downwards. The severity of the impact would therefore depend on the pile size, type and pile density. Where the piling layout is particularly dense, it is in effect likely to make any surviving archaeological remains, potentially preserved between each pile, inaccessible in terms of any archaeological investigation in the future. 7.3.8. The insertion of pile caps and connecting ground beams, along with the excavation of a pile guide trench, typically extend no more than 1.0–1.5mbgl and would remove any archaeological remains within the footprint of these works to this depth. 7.3.9. Within the footprint of the proposed warehouse archaeological survival is anticipated to be low. New service / utilities trenches/ drains 7.3.10. New service trenches and drains would extend to a depth of 1.0–1.5mbgl as assumed for the purposes of this assessment. This would entirely remove any archaeological remains within the trench footprint, with the exception of the bases of deep cut features. Structural landscaping 7.3.11. Any structural landscaping works (e.g. cut-and-fill, ground raising, excavation or cuttings) would also have an archaeological impact. Ground raising would have the effect of burying any buried heritage assets within its footprint. Given the shallow depth below ground level of the natural geology, any excavation below existing ground level will truncate or more likely remove all archaeological remains within its footprint, with the possible exception of the bases of deep cut features like pits and ditches. 7.4 IMPACT ON ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS ABOVE GROUND ASSETS WITHIN THE SITE 7.4.1. The XPO Logistics office building dates to 1973–74. It is part of the original Christian Salvesen site. When it was built it was part of the largest cold store facility of its type in Europe. It is an asset of low significance. 7.4.2. The proposals would see the total demolition of the office building as part of the redevelopment of the site. The proposals amount to substantial harm to the office building, a non-designated heritage asset. 7.5 SELECTED ABOVE GROUND ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE EASTON PARK REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN 7.5.1. Easton Park Registered Park and Garden is the nearest designated heritage asset to the proposed development. The boundary of the park and garden extends along Planting Road, adjacent to the junction with High Dike. The boundary of the proposed development is located 90m from the boundary of the park and garden. 7.5.2. The XPO and McCain facilities within the site are already prominent in the setting of the park and garden, especially in views out from Planting Road. The proposed development would however substantially increase the height of the XPO Logistics facility, increasing its prominence and affecting the visual setting of the eastern boundary of the registered park and garden, noticeably in views out from Planting Road out to High Dike towards the site. The site may also be visible in long views out from the north-east of the park and garden at North Lodge. Easton Park Registered Park and Garden is also defined and experienced by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the estate. Two of these designated assets would be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting, but it would have no impact on the other
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designated assets within the park and garden. The setting of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden is also defined by its relationship to the location of the XPO Logistics site on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act. However, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. 7.5.3. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden.
Plates 11 and 12: detail of woodland belt at Easton Walled Gardens looking out towards the east and south- east.
DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN EASTON PARK REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN Old School 7.5.4. The Old School is the nearest listed building to the proposed development. The setting of the asset is defined by its location in the Easton Park estate. The XPO Logistics site is currently prominent in the setting, especially in views out from the asset towards the cold store facility. 7.5.5. The proposed development will substantially increase the height of the XPO Logistics facility, increasing its prominence that will affect the visual setting of the Old School, especially in views out towards the site. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of the Old School.
Plates 13 and 14: Old School (listed Grade II) and view out from the Old School towards the XPO Logistics site.
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The Round House 7.5.6. The Round House is located to the north of the registered park and garden on Easton Lane – marked on the 1808 Enclose map as Public Road No. 4. It provided a secondary entrance into the estate. The asset’s setting is defined and experienced by Easton Lane, by its relationship to the Easton Park estate, by adjacent woodland and its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. North Lodge, Gates and Gate Piers 7.5.7. The North Lodge, Gates and Gate Piers occupies a prominent location in the north-east corner of the registered park and garden where the land rises to meet the Great North Road. The setting of the North Lodge is defined and experienced by the Great North Road, by the Easton Park estate and the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The location of the North Lodge means that its setting includes views out from the asset across a wide expanse of the estate. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site and might be visible in long views out from the asset which contributes to its significance, especially when the woodland belt is not in leaf. The proposed development would result in minor adverse effect, but less than substantial harm to the significance of the asset. Bridge over River Witham 7.5.8. Bridge over River Witham took the Public Road No. 1 across the river, making a feature of its location in the estate’s landscape. The setting of the bridge is defined and experienced by its relationship to the River Witham and by the Easton Park estate and its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Dower House and Coach House 7.5.9. The Dower House and Coach House is located by the public road. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Ashlar cross 7.5.10. The ashlar cross is located on the public road – in proximity to other estate buildings. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Houses on the north side of the Stables 7.5.11. The three houses on the north side of the stables are located just off the public road, near the ashlar cross. The asset’s setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed
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development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Gatehouse, 2 Lodges, Stables, Coach-house, clock tower and walls 7.5.12. Gatehouse, 2 Lodges, Stables, Coach-house, clock tower and walls are located off the public road near to the 3 houses north of the stables. The ashlar cross is prominent in views out from the asset. The setting of the asset is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Garden Gateway to the Grotto, in Private Gardens, East of Terrace 7.5.13. Garden Gateway to the Grotto, in Private Gardens, East of Terrace is part of the ornamental gardens. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Garden Wall to East of Kitchen Garden, Sundial, Gateway and 2 Garden Sheds 7.5.14. The setting of the Garden Wall to East of Kitchen Garden, Sundial, Gateway and 2 Garden Sheds is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Bridge on west side of Kitchen Garden over River Witham 7.5.15. Bridge on west side of Kitchen Garden, over River Witham is part of the ornamental garden. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the River Witham and the designated heritage assets within the registered park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset.
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Plates 15 and 16: topography of Easton Walled Gardens looking north-east from the kitchen gardens and detail of c. 1840 cross (listed Grade II) and 3 houses north of the stables (listed Grade II).
Kitchen Garden Walls and Gateway, Tool House, Apple House and Gardener’s House and Cottage 7.5.16. The setting of the Kitchen Garden Walls and Gateway, Tool House, Apple House and Gardener’s House and Cottage is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. Garden Terrace, Railings and 2 Gateways, South of Gatehouse 7.5.17. The setting of the Garden Terrace, Railings and 2 Gateways, South of Gatehouse is defined and experienced by its location within the Easton Park estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, but intervening topography and woodland belts means that the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. Although the XPO Logistics site is located on land awarded to the Cholmeley family under the Enclosure Act, this land has been defined by the cold store facility since 1974. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. SMALL POND, 20 PACES FROM HOME FARM 7.5.18. The setting of the small pond, 20 paces from Home Farm is defined by the Easton Park estate as well as by the non-designated Home Farm buildings. The McCain facility is prominent in views out from the asset. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site but the woodland belt along planting Road is likely to mitigate any major adverse effects. The view beyond the tree belt of Planting Road does not contribute to significance nor allows for the appreciation of the asset’s significance. It is a matter of amenity rather than setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. EASTON FARM 7.5.19. The setting of Easton Farm is defined by the wider Easton Park estate. The cold store site is prominent in views out towards the north-east. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site and it is likely to be visible in the setting and in views out across the estate. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of Easton Farm.
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STOKE ROCHFORD HALL REGISTERED PARK AND GARDEN 7.5.20. Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden provides the formal setting for Stoke Rochford Hall. The park is designed to be a self-contained landscape, focused towards Stoke Rochford Hall and the assets within the park and garden – the extensive and thick woodland belts emphasise this effect. The park and garden is a striking designed landscape which utilises the valley of the Cringle Brook to dramatic effect. The setting of the estate is defined by farmland and by the village of Stoke Rochford to the south and by the Great North Road to the east. Easton Park is located to the south-east of the Stoke Rochford estate. The south-east corner of the estate is used by Stoke Rochford Golf Club. 7.5.21. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site and it is likely to be visible in views out from the highest part of the south-east corner of the estate towards Easton, especially when the woodland belt is not in leaf. This is not a matter of amenity but will affect how the heritage asset is experienced. The long views out towards the neighbouring estate and hamlet at Easton contributes to the asset’s significance. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect, resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
Plates 17 and 18: Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden looking out towards the south-east at the edge of the golf course and looking out towards the south-east from Stoke Rochford Hall orangery.
STOKE ROCHFORD HALL 7.5.22. Stoke Rochford Hall is the centrepiece of the designed landscape of the registered park and garden. The house was built on a prominent location – enjoying views over the Cringle Brook valley. The setting of Stoke Rochford Hall is defined and experienced by the designed landscape and by its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. The obelisk, the gate, screen wall and balustrade, the stables, the seats, balustrades and terrace and by the stables are prominent in the asset’s immediate setting. The leisure centre and conference centre have had an adverse effect on setting. The topography of the estate allows for a self-contained setting marked by the thick woodland belts located on the rising ground to the other side of Cringle Brook valley. 7.5.23. The proposed development would significantly increase the height of the XPO Logistics site. The intervening topography and woodland belts means the proposed development would not affect the way in which the asset is experienced as it does not affect its relationship to the designed landscape or the designated heritage assets in the park and garden. The XPO Logistics site is located on land that is not historically part of the Stoke Rochford Hall estate. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset.
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Plates 19 and 20: views out from the terrace at Stoke Rochford Hall towards the south-east
Other designated heritage assets within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden 7.5.24. 3 Gatepiers, Wall and Lodge, South East Entrance, 550 metres south-east of Stoke Rochford Hall forms the main entrance to the estate. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate, the approach from Village Street, the village of Stoke Rochford and its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.25. Bridge approximately 350m south of the Hall takes the estate road over the Cringle Brook. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially the artificial lake created for Christopher Turnor and by the two monumental arches. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.26. The Ornamental Archway approximately 350m south of Stoke Rochford Hall was re-erected in its current location as part of the mid-19th century remodelling of the estate. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially to the ornamental arch 250m south-west of the hall, the bridge 350m south of the hall and Christopher Turnor’s artificial lake. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.27. The Ornamental Archway 250m south-west from Stoke Rochford Hall was re-erected in its current location as part of themed-19th century remodelling of the estate. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially to the ornamental arch 350m south of Stoke Rochford Hall, the bridge 350m south of the hall and Christopher Turnor’s artificial lake. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset.
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Plates 21 and 22: locations of the Ornamental arches 350m south and 250m south-west of Stoke Rochford Hall (both listed Grade I)
7.5.28. Gate, Screen Wall and Balustrade to west of Stoke Rochford Hall forms part of the main entrance to the house. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to the designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially to Stoke Rochford Hall, the stables and the obelisk to Sir Isaac Newton. The leisure centre and conference centre have had an adverse effect on setting. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.29. Seats, Balustrades and Terraces to east of Stoke Rochford Hall is part of Nesfield’s ornamental garden and enjoys views out across Cringle Brook valley. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and proximity to Stoke Rochford Hall as well as by its relationship to the other designated heritage assets within the park and garden. Due to the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.30. Stables immediately north of Stoke Rochford Hall was one of the estate’s main working buildings. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and by its relationship to designated heritage assets within the park and garden, especially to Stoke Rochford Hall and the gate, screen wall and balustrade to the west of the hall. Due to the location of Stoke Rochford Hall, the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. 7.5.31. Obelisk, approximately 250m north-west of Stoke Rochford Hall was built in 1847 in honour of Sir Isaac Newton, born at nearby Woolsthorpe Manor. Its setting is defined and experienced by its location within the Stoke Rochford Hall estate and proximity to Stoke Rochford Hall. The leisure centre and conference centre have had an adverse effect on setting. Due to the location of Stoke Rochford Hall, the intervening topography and woodland belts the asset would not be visually affected by the proposed development. The asset would not be affected by the proposed development in terms of material changes to setting. The proposed development would have a neutral impact on the significance of the asset. FENTON COTTAGE AND OLD PARK FARM 7.5.32. The setting of Barn and Stables at Old Park Farm is defined by neighbouring farmland and woodland and by its relationship to Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm. The chimneys and buildings of the McCain frozen food site to the north of the XPO Logistics site is prominent in the setting and in views south from the asset. The proposed development would substantially increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, increasing its prominence which will affect the views out from the asset, although the McCain facility will
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mitigate its impact. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect, resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of the barn and stables at Old Park Farm. 7.5.33. The setting of Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm is defined neighbouring farmland and woodland and by its relationship to the barn and stables at Old Park Farm. The chimneys and buildings of the McCain frozen food site to the north of the XPO Logistics site is prominent in the setting and views south from the asset. The proposed development would substantially increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, increasing its prominence which will affect views out from the asset, although the McCain facility will mitigate its impact. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect, resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of Fenton Cottage and adjacent cottage at Old Park Farm.
Plate 23: view looking south towards the site from just off the High Dike – smoke from the McCain facility can be seen beyond the woodland.
STOKE GRANGE FARM 7.5.34. The setting of the three designated assets at Stoke Grange Farm – Stoke Grange Farmhouse, Barn at Stoke Grange and Stables, Waggon Hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm – is defined by the Easton Park estate. Jenkinson and Son Farm and the chimneys and buildings of the McCain frozen food site to the north of the XPO Logistics site are prominent in the setting and in views south-east from the assets. The proposed development would substantially increase the height of the XPO Logistics site, increasing its prominence which will affect views out from the asset, although the McCain facility will mitigate its impact. The proposed development would have a minor adverse effect, resulting in less than substantial harm to the significance of the designated heritage assets.
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8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1.1. The site does not contain any nationally designated (protected) heritage assets, such as scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered parks and gardens or battle fields. The site does not lie within a conservation area or within an Area of High Archaeological Potential, as designated by the District of South Kesteven. 8.2 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS 8.2.1. The proposed development requires the total demolition of the cold store office building, part of the original Christian Salvesen site. This will result in substantial harm to a non-designated heritage asset. The NPPF states that the effect of any proposed development that directly or indirectly affects a non-designated heritage asset will require ‘a balanced judgment will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.’ 8.2.2. The XPO Logistics office building was designed by local architect Rex Critchlow. Its red and grey external elevations were designed to contrast sharply with the monotone colour of the cold store site itself. Its design, raising the main office building above ground floor level, was significantly altered through the unsympathetic addition of a glasshouse laboratory soon after the building’s completion in 1973-74. 8.2.3. The proposed redevelopment seeks to prevent vehicle congestion on Burton Lane, provide additional on-site trailer parking, provide improved segregation between employees and vehicles and improved car parking. It also seeks to reduce onsite bottlenecks by providing a ring road system. The decision to demolish the office building is considered necessary for the overall redevelopment of the site. 8.2.4. In mitigation, it is recommended that a building recording survey is undertaken in advance of its total demolition as a condition of any planning permission. The evidence from this survey should be made publicly available. In line with the NPPF the level of survey should be proportionate to the asset’s importance. 8.2.5. The table below summarises the designated and non-designated heritage assets beyond the site which are affected by the proposals.
Table 4 – Heritage assets beyond the site Heritage asset Asset Impact of proposal Assessment Significance Easton Park High Impact on the setting of the park and garden Less than Registered Park and on the view out from Planting Road to High substantial harm and Garden Dike towards the XPO Logistics site. It will have a minor adverse impact. Old School High Impact on the setting of the asset and the view Less than out towards the proposed development site. It substantial harm will have a minor adverse effect. North Lodge, Gates High The proposed development might be visible in Less than and Gate Piers long views out from the asset, especially when substantial harm the woodland belt is not in leaf. It will have a minor adverse effect. Easton Farm Low Impact on the setting and views out from the Less than asset towards the proposed development. It will substantial harm have a minor adverse effect. Stoke Rochford Very high8.2.6. The proposed development will significantly Less than Hall Registered increase the height of the XPO Logistics site substantial harm Park and Garden and it is likely to be visible in views from the south-east corner of the estate towards Easton. It will have a minor adverse effect.
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Heritage asset Asset Impact of proposal Assessment Significance Barn and Stables at High 8.2.7. The proposed development will affect views out Less than Old Park Farm from the asset, although the McCain facility will substantial harm mitigate impact. It will have a minor adverse effect.
Fenton Cottage High The proposed development will affect views out Less than and adjacent from the asset, although the McCain facility will substantial harm cottage at Old Park mitigate impact. It will have a minor adverse Farm effect. Stoke Grange High The proposed development will affect views out Less than Farmhouse from the asset, although Jenkinson and Son substantial harm farm and the McCain facility will mitigate impact. It will have a minor adverse effect. Barn at Stoke High The proposed development will affect views out Less than Grange from the asset, although Jenkinson and Son substantial harm farm and the McCain facility will mitigate impact. It will have a minor adverse effect. Stables, Waggon High The proposed development will affect views out Less than Hovels, Store at from the asset, although the Jenkinson and Son substantial harm Stoke Grange Farm farm and the McCain’s facility will mitigate impact. It will have a minor adverse effect.
8.2.8. Table 5 outlines the less than substantial harm to 10 designated heritage assets beyond the site affected by the proposed development. South Kesteven District Council has a rich and varied historic fabric, recognised at Environment Policies EN1 Protection and Enhancement of the Character of the District. It notes that this historic fabric ‘as well as their settings and the wider landscape all need to be recognised, understood and conserved. This high quality natural and built environment could suffer if the needs of development are met without taking steps to safeguard these finite resources.’ The historic fabric both on the site and beyond the site has been recognised and understood. 8.2.9. Mitigation measures for the proposed cold store facility should be investigated to ascertain their feasibility and to minimise the impact on heritage assets beyond the site. In terms of the view out from the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden this includes incorporating a hedgerow or climbing plants along the boundary fence lines and the use of an appropriate lighting scheme to limit light spread during the site’s daytime and night time operations. Mitigation measures might also include improvements to the access of Easton Park Registered Park and Garden and Easton Park estate as part of the overall scheme. 8.2.10. The height and shape of the building is the consequence of the site’s constraints and to allow for maximum refrigeration. To minimise the impact of the development, mitigation measures are proposed by the client. This includes positioning and orientating the building to the most central point of the site and looking at a 3-colour banding system as opposed to a single colour block. A roof line parapet is also proposed to create the effect of a flat roof line rather than the pitched roof line as well as down pipes and hoppers to break up the flat external elevations. 8.2.11. The NPPF states that where a development leads to less than substantial harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset, this harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposal. In the case of non-designated heritage assets ‘a balanced judgment will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset.’ 8.2.12. The proposed development will lead to less than substantial harm to 10 designated heritage assets and a non- designated heritage asset, through material changes to the assets’ settings. The less than substantial harm to the designated heritage assets and the non-designated heritage asset is outweighed by the public benefits of the proposed development as outlined in the planning application documents.
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8.2.13. The proposed redevelopment of the XPO Logistics site respects both local policy in the form of the core strategy and national policies with respect to the historic environment. 8.1 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 8.1.1. Archaeological survival across the majority of the site (75% plus) is anticipated to be low due to previous mining activity and the construction of the existing buildings and services on site. The potential for archaeological remains is likely to be low to medium towards the periphery of the site (to the north, west and south) where disturbance from the construction of the existing buildings/ structures is likely to have been less impactful. 8.1.2. The table below summarises the known or likely buried assets within the site, their significance, and the impact of the proposed scheme on asset significance
Table 5 - Predicted impacts to buried heritage prior to mitigation Heritage Potential Asset significance Impact of proposals asset Previously Moderate Medium or high Demolition and clearance of the unrecorded existing structures. Roman remains Construction, piling, landscaping etc. Post- Low to moderate Neglibible
medieval Significance of asset reduced to agricultural negligible. remains
8.1.3. It is considered unlikely that the local planning authority would require field evaluation prior to the determination of planning consent. However, in the light of the archaeological potential of the site, in particular for Roman remains of potentially high significance, along with the nature and scale of the proposed development, the local authority may request further archaeological investigation in order to clarify the likely impacts of the development and ensure that significant archaeological assets are not removed without record. Any archaeological work would need to be undertaken in accordance with an approved Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) and could be carried out under the terms of a standard archaeological planning condition set out under the granting of planning consent.
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Appendix A
HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT
GAZETTEER
The table below represents a gazetteer of known historic environment sites and finds within the HER 1.5km inner study area. Each entry has an assessment (A) reference number. The gazetteer should be read in conjunction with the historic environment features map. The HER data contained within this gazetteer is the copyright of the HER. Historic England statutory designations data © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018. Abbreviations: HER - Historic Environment Record NHL - National Heritage List NRHE - National Record for the Historic Environment PCA – Pre-Construct Archaeology OS – Ordnance Survey
Table 4a - Gazetteer of known historic environment assets within the HER 1.5km inner study area Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 1 Easton Ironstone Mine, Easton Modern MLI98804 The United Steel Company began work on the Easton Mine in 1958. It closed in 1967. The owners considered this to be an experimental mine and expected it to produce up to one million tons of ironstone a year. However, it never lived up to its expectations and was closed when the UK ironstone industry contracted. 2 Roman Site, Easton Roman ELI163 A Roman site was discovered during road widening and MLI33915 partially excavated by KSAS and Nigel Kerr in 1971. The plan of a Roman building, possibly a store or workshop was discovered and small pits containing much Romano-British pottery, iron slag and burnt soil. Ironworking occurred at the site although there was no definite evidence of smelting. Two pottery stamps of mid-1st to mid-2nd century date were also found. 3 Watermain from Easton to Old Somerby None ELI2613 A watching brief was carried out by PCA in 1998/99 in five areas along the route of a proposed pipeline. No further information on the HER. 4 Harrowby to Easton Watermain Roman ELI2047 A programme of continuous archaeological monitoring and MLI99438 recording was conducted by NPS Archaeology in 2011 during the installation of a new water pipeline between Harrowby and Easton. Three ditches, one of which was thought to be of possible Roman date, were the only archaeological features identified, although a number of unstratified finds were recovered. The ditches presumably from areas of the monitoring undertaken outside the study area as no monuments associated with this intervention are recorded within the HER report. The only record associated with this monitoring is for two unstratified Roman coins of late 3rd century date which were found near Easton Lodge during the monitoring works. Both coins were of copper- alloy; the first was a radiate of Emporer Probus (276-282), the second coin was worn, however, was also thought to date to the late 3rd century.
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Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 5 Iron Age Pottery, Easton Iron Age MLI33912 Three sherds of Iron Age pottery were found at the Romano-British site at Easton, close to the road leading from Easton from the B6403. 6 Roman Coins, Easton Roman MLI33914 Four Roman coins were found in a field by a farmworker; and AS of Nero, an AS of Antonius Pius, a Sest of M. Aurelius and a silver coin of Valens. 7 Cross, Easton Undated MLI33917 Grade II listed cross dating to c.1840, constructed of ashlar. LB 1360344 The plinth sits on 2 steps and has chamfered angles with pyramidal stops and rolls. The cross is located in the middle of the road to the north of Easton Hall where it meets Planting Road. 8 Strap Buckle, Easton Early MLI33925 A fragment of a moulded strap buckle with stamped and Medieval engraved decor dating to the early medieval period was found in a field to the north of Easton Lane 9 Roman Road, Ermine Street, North and South Kesteven Roman MLI60638 Conjecture line of Roman Ermine Street. Next to Watling Street, this road was perhaps the most important thoroughfare in Britain, for it was designed to give direct communication to the main centres of military occupation at Lincoln and York. It must have been designed and laid out at a very early stage in the occupation and, no doubt, this was done by the leading engineers available. It is unlikely that a direct northern track upon anything like this line had ever existed. The alignments were therefore chosen to give the most suitable and direct course almost due north from London. It has regularly spaced settlements along its length which very probably owe their origin to military posts. 10 Dumpling Farm, Easton Post MLI116699 Partially extant 19th century farmstead in an isolated medieval location. There has been partial loss of the traditional buildings on the site. The farmhouse is detached from the main working complex. 11 Easton Lodge, Easton Post- MLI116705 Extant 19th century farmstead set in an isolated location. medieval The farmhouse is detached from the main working complex and large modern sheds are located to the side of the site. 12 Home Farm, Easton Post- MLI121837 Partially extant 19th century farmstead located within a medieval church and/or manor farm group. The farmhouse is attached to a range of working buildings. More than half of the traditional buildings have been lost and large modern sheds are located to the side of the site.
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Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 13 Easton Farm, Easton Post- MLI121838 Partially extant 19th century farmstead. The farmhouse is medieval attached to a range of working buildings. More than half of the traditional buildings have been lost and large modern sheds are located to the side of the site. 14 Ridd’s Farm, Easton. Post- MLI121839 Partially extant 19th century farmstead in an isolated medieval location. The farmhouse is detached from the main working complex. There has been a partial loss of traditional buildings. Large modern sheds are located to the side of the site. 15 Barn and Stables at Old Park Farm Post- LB 1062327 Grade II listed barn and stables dating from the late 18th medieval MLI96167 century with 19th century alterations. Coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins and a pantile roof. 16 Garden Terrace, Railings and Two Gateways, South of Post- LB 1062343 Gatehouse, Easton medieval MLI94810 Grade II listed garden terrace, railings, two gateways and gates dating to c.1840 built as part of the formal gardens to Easton Hall, seat of the Cholmeley family. The house, which was demolished in 1951, stood to the west of the terrace. Ashlar and cast iron. The single tall terrace is reached by flight of steps with plain sides; the terrace wall has shallow projecting buttresses and a moulded top. To the right a gateway has squared piers with panelled and jewelled sides supported on scrolls, and the tops of the piers terminate in broken segmental pediment. Above, the central gateway is reached by five steps. It is flanked by square piers with corniced, orbed tops. The gates are ramped to the centre and have crested overthrow with shells and the Cholmeley cypher. The flanking walls have cast iron lattice screens with roundels to the top rail, decorative side panels, linked by square piers with cornice tops. 17 Small basin, near Home Farm buildings, Easton Post MLI96170 Grade II listed basin dating from the early 19th century of medieval LB 1062344 red sandstone and ashlar. It is a jeyed oval shallow basin, fed by a hole in the side with four sets of triple steps around it. 18 Old School, Planting Road, Easton Post LB 1062345 Grade II listed former school dating to 1879 with 20th medieval MLI96171 century alterations constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings, slate roof with decorative bargeboards and single ashlar ridge stack. It is now house. 19 Three Houses on North Side of Stables, Planting Road, Post LB 1147836 Easton medieval MLI95338 Three Grade II listed houses, formerly used as servants’ accommodation. The houses date to the late C18 and were altered c.1840. They are constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings, concrete tiled roof with single gable and 2 ridge ashlar stacks. 2 storeys.
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Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 20 Fenton Cottage and Adjacent Cottage at Old Park Farm Post LB 1168430 Grade II listed pair of cottages dating to the 18th century medieval MLI95354 with minor 20th century alterations. The cottages are constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins, a pantile roof, and a pair of red brick gable stacks and ridge stack. 2 storey. To the rear a 19th century lean-to has been overbuilt in the 20th century. 21 Garden Gateway to the Grotto, in Private Gardens East Post LB 1308355 of Terrace, Easton Park, Easton medieval MLI95779 Grade II listed gateway to the grotto dating to c.1810, possibly re-using an early 18th century eared surround. The gateway was built as part of the formal gardens of Easton Hall, seat of the Cholmeley family. It is constructed of Limestone ashlar. 22 Dower House and Coach House, Planting Road, Easton Post LB 1308363 Grade II listed house and coach house dating to the late medieval MLI95780 18th century, altered in the early and mid-19th, and 20th centuries. The buildings are constructed of coursed limestone rubble with ashlar quoins and dressings with a Cumberland slate roof. 23 Bridge Over River Witham on North Drive, Easton Park, Post LB 1308391 Easton medieval MLI95783 Grade II listed bridge dating to c.1840 built as a garden ornament in the park of Easton Hall, for the Cholmeley family. The bridge is constructed of squared coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings. 24 Garden Wall to East of Kitchen Garden, Sundial, Post LB 1308407 Gateway and Two Garden Sheds, Easton Park, Easton medieval MLI95785 Grade II listed wall, sundial, gateway, gate and garden sheds dating to c.1840 built as part of the ornamental garden of Easton Hall, for the Cholemely family. Ashlar and cast iron. Tall ashlar garden wall with gabled and roll moulded coping, ramped to either side of a sundial on top of the wall. The dial has a fluted frieze and pediment. Scrolls support the sides and at the base is a strapwork and jewelled motif in the 17th century style. To the right the garden gateway has a moulded ashlar surround and the cast iron gate has lozenges to the base and spear tops to the verticals. Behind the wall there are a range of lean-to coursed limestone rubble sheds with pent slate roofs. 25 Gatehouse, Two Lodges, Stables, Coach House, Clock Post LB 1360342 Tower and Walls, Easton Park, Easton medieval MLI32995 Grade II listed gatehouse, two lodges, stables, coach house, clock tower, and walls dating to 1841 with later 19th century additions and minor 20th century alterations constructed of ashlar and squared coursed limestone rubble with ashlar dressings, yellow brick, and slate roofs. Easton Hall, seat of the Cholmeley family, was a medieval house rebuilt in the early 19th century, substantially altered c.1840 and demolished in 1951. It stood on the south side of the gatehouse.
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Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 26 Bridge on West Side of Kitchen Garden Over River Post LB 1360343 Witham medieval MLI96059 Grade II listed footbridge over the River Witham dating to c.1840 built as part of the formal garden of Easton Hall, seat of the Cholmeley family. The bridge is constructed of ashlar with two basket arches with a triangular central cutwater. 27 Roman Settlement, Easton Roman MLI33911 Conjectural evidence for a Roman settlement. Trollope Mon No. 325457 records Romano-British finds about 150 yards north of the road leading from Ermine Street to Easton. He claims that there was a camp of considerable size here. There has certainly been no camp here although it is a likely spot for a building. Aerial photographs show a rectangular earthwork (about 120m by 90m) with a clearly defined north side and a rounded north-east corner at, with traces of internal soil disturbances. There is a suggestion that it may be a mansio or something similar. There are surface remains of numerous buildings of Roman date on either side of Ermine Street at this point. Occupation evidence ranges from the mid to late 1st century through to the early 5th century. A very large number of Romano-British finds has been reported by J. Dable. A Roman building and evidence for metal working was discovered during partial excavations at the site in the 1970s (A2). 28 Ermine Street Cropmarks Roman MLI33913 The possible course of Ermine Street has been identified on aerial photographs. 29 Neolithic Flints, South Field, Easton Neolithic MLI33926 A scatter of Neolithic flint implements were found at South Field in 1984. The scatter comprised mostly of convex scrapers of blue flint and one leaf arrowhead. 30 Medieval Earthworks, Easton Later MLI84104 Medieval earthwork enclosure. No further information on the medieval HER. 31 Medieval Ridge and Furrow, Easton Later MLI84105 Ridge and furrow dating to the later medieval period. No Medieval further information on the HER. 32 Medieval Ridge and Furrow, Easton Later MLI84106 Ridge and furrow dating to the later medieval period. No Medieval further information on the HER. 33 Medieval Earthwork Platform, Easton Later MLI84107 Medieval earthwork platform. No further information on the medieval HER. 34 Medieval Ridge and Furrow, Easton Later MLI84108 Ridge and furrow dating to the later medieval period. No Medieval further information on the HER. 35 Medieval Ridge and Furrow, Easton Later MLI84109 Ridge and furrow dating to the later medieval period. No Medieval further information on the HER.
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Assess. Description Period HER ref / NHLE (A) ref. ref. / site code 36 Medieval Earthwork Lynchet, Stoke Rochford Later MLI84124 Earthwork lynchet dating to the later medieval period. No medieval further information on the HER. 37 Medieval Quarry and Building, Stoke Rochford Later MLI84125 Quarry and building dating to the later medieval period. No medieval further information on the HER 38 Ridge and Furrow, Easton Later MLI125264 Remains of medieval ridge and furrow have been noted in medieval this location on the Google Maps and Bing Maps aerial photographic layers. The remains were identified as a series of parallel, east to west aligned linear earthworks. 39 Mine Shaft, Planting Road, Easton Modern MLI98793 Location of a mine shaft dug to determine the thickness of the ironstone bed. The shaft has a brick lined top where the loose strata is found changing to a cut through rock lower down. Site preparation work for Easton mine started in December 1958 so this shaft is likely to predate this. The United Steel Company began work on the Easton Mine in 1958. It closed in 1967. 40 Easton Park Post- LE 1000976 Grade II listed landscape park dating to the 19th century, medieval MLI32993 surrounding the remains of a mid-19th century formal terrace gardens. Easton Park lies immediately west of the hamlet of Easton and is roughly triangular in shape. The park occupies a north to south ridge with a steep slope towards the west side of the site. 41 Limekiln, south of Easton Lane Post- MLI33934 ‘Old Limekiln’ is marked in a disused quarry in the woods to medieval the south of Easton Lane on the OS 6”:mile map of c 1880. 42 Unnamed Farmstead, Stoke Rochford Post- MLI121830 Documentary evidence for the site of a demolished 19th medieval century farmstead in Stoke Rochford. 43 Cockle Holt, Easton Later MLI34304 An area of woodland (all of which is classified as semi- medieval to natural) included in the Nature Conservancy Council's modern 'Inventory of Ancient Woodland'. Ancient woodland status considered to be probable. 44 Stoke Park Wood, Stoke Rochford Later MLI34306 An area of woodland (24 hectares of which classified as medieval to semi-natural and the remaining 12 hectares classified as modern plantation) included in the Nature Conservancy Council's 'Inventory of Ancient Woodland'. Ancient woodland status considered to be probable. 45 Easton Wood Later MLI34307 An area of woodland (32 hectares of which classified as medieval to semi-natural and the remaining 16 hectares classified as modern plantation) included in the Nature Conservancy Council's 'Inventory of Ancient Woodland'. Ancient woodland status considered to be probable.
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The table below represents a gazetteer of known above-ground designated heritage assets beyond the HER 1.5km inner study area. Each entry has an assessment (A) reference number. The gazetteer should be read in conjunction with the historic environment features map.
Table 5b - Gazetteer of scoped in above-ground designated heritage assets beyond the HER 1.5km inner study area Assess. Description Period NHLE ref (A) ref. 46 The Round House, Easton Park Post- UID 1360341 Built as a cottage and lodge c. 1810. Located off Easton medieval Lane it is at the northern boundary of the Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. Listed at Grade II. Located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 47 North Lodge, Gates and Gate Piers at North West Post- UID 1147683 Corner of Park, onto A1 Road, Easton Park medieval Built c. 1840 as the main entrance to Easton Park off the A1 Great North Road. Listed at Grade II. Located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. 488.1.4. Kitchen Garden Walls and Gateway, Tool House, Apple Post- UID 1147762 House and Gardener’s House and Cottage medieval 8.1.5. Built c. 1810 and remodelled in c. 1840 and 20th century. Rectangular kitchen garden wall with central gateway and gardener’s house and cottage at each corner. Listed at Grade II. Located within Easton Park Registered Park and Garden.
49 Stoke Rochford Hall Post- UID 1306963 Designed by William Burn in the Jacobethan style for medieval Christopher Turnor in the mid-19th century. Built on an L- plan the principal range is of two storeys plus attic range. To the right of the principal range is a single-storey orangery. To the left of the principal range is a service wing. Listed at Grade I. Located within the Stoke Rochford Registered Park and Garden. 508.1.6. 3 Gatepiers, Wall and Lodge, South East Entrance, 550 Post- UID 1062295 metres south-east of Stoke Rochford Hall medieval 8.1.7. Built in 1834 the gatepiers, wall and lodge provide the main entrance to Stoke Rochford Hall. Listed at Grade II. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden and Stoke Rochford Conservation Area.
51 Bridge approximately 350m south of the Hall Post- UID 1360354 Possibly designed by William Burn. Built in c. 1841, it spans medieval a narrow point of the lake formed by the damming of Cringle Brook. Listed at Grade II. Located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden 528.1.8. Ornamental Archway approximately 350m south of Post- UID 1168585 Stoke Rochford Hall medieval 8.1.9. Built in 1676, altered in 1704 and again in the mid-19th century for Christopher Turnor. Listed at Grade I. Located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
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Assess. Description Period NHLE ref (A) ref. 538.1.10. Ornamental Archway 250m south west from hall Post- UID 1168574 medieval 8.1.11. Built in 1676 and re-erected as part of Christopher Turnor’s mid-19th century ornamental garden. Listed at Grade I. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
54 Gate, Screen Wall and Balustrade to west of Stoke Post- UID 1306948 Rochford Hall medieval Designed by William Burn and built c. 1841-45. Listed at Grade II*. Located within Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. 558.1.12. Seats, Balustrades and Terraces to east of Stoke Post- UID 1360353 Rochford Hall medieval 8.1.13. Designed by William Burn and built c. 1841-45. Upper and lower terraces with parterre. Currently on Historic England’s Heritage at Risk Register. Listed at Grade I. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
568.1.14. Stables immediately north of Stoke Rochford Hall Post- UID 1062293 medieval 8.1.15. Designed by William Burn and built c. 1841-45. Carriage openings have 20th century brick blocking. Listed at Grade II. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
578.1.16. Obelisk approximately 250m north-west of Stoke Post- UID 1062294 Rochford Hall medieval 8.1.17. Probably designed by William Burn and built 1847. Listed at Grade II*. Located within the Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden.
588.1.18. Barn at Stoke Grange Post- UID 1062329 medieval 8.1.19. Barn dating to 18th century. Listed at Grade II. Part of a group of farm buildings dating to the 18th and 19th centuries.
598.1.20. Stoke Grange Farmhouse Post- UID 1306981 medieval 8.1.21. Grade II listed farmhouse built in 18th century and altered in the 19th century. Listed at Grade II. Part of a group of farm buildings dating to the 18th and 19th centuries.
608.1.22. Stables, Waggon hovels, Store at Stoke Grange Farm Post- UID 1062328 medieval 8.1.23. Farm buildings dating to 19th century. Listed at Grade II. Part of a group of farm buildings dating to the 18th and 19th centuries.
61 Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden Post- UID 1000991 Grade II* Registered Park and Garden originally laid out in medieval the 17th century and extended in the 18th century. Remodelled in mid-19th century for Christopher Turnor.
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Appendix B
REFERENCES
PUBLISHED AND DOCUMENTARY SOURCES CIfA [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists] Dec 2014a, Standards and guidance for commissioning work or providing consultancy advice on archaeology and the historic environment, Reading. CIfA [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists] Dec 2014b, Standards and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment, Reading CIfA [Chartered Institute for Archaeologists] Dec 2014c, Standards and guidance for the archaeological investigation and recording of standing buildings or structures, Reading DCLG [Department of Communities and Local Government], March 2012 National Planning Policy Framework DCLG [Department of Communities and Local Government], March 2014 Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment: Planning Practice Guide Historic England, 2016 The setting of heritage assets. Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3. Historic England, 2017 Conservation principles, policies and guidance. Consultation Draft. Swindon Historic England, 2017 Rural Landscapes. Register of Parks and Gardens Selection Guide Historic England. 2017 Commerce and Exchange Buildings. Listing Selection Guide Bennet, M, 1998-2000 An Archaeological Resource Assessment of the Roman Period in Lincolnshire. East Midlands Archaeological Research Framework: Resource Assessment of Roman Lincolnshire Easton Walled Gardens: A History. Margary ID 1967 Roman Roads In Britain. Pevsner, Nikolaus, Harris, John, Antram, Nicholas, 1989 The Buildings of England. Lincolnshire Squires, S.. 2007. 'The Underground Mines of Lincolnshire' in All Things Lincolnshire. pp.209-10 Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (2013) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3rd Edition (GLVIA3) OTHER SOURCES British Geological Survey Historic Environment Record Historic England designation data Internet – web-published sources Lincolnshire Record Office CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES 1583 edition of the Saxton atlas of England and Wales. ©British Library. A 17th century plan of Colsterworth (1637-1743) of unknown authorship. Lincolnshire Record Office (2 Turnor Box 7 A). Easton Enclosure Award and Plan, 1809. Kesteven Award 32. Lincolnshire Record Office. Ordnance Survey mapping from the 1st edition to the present day. OS Maps Date Coverage Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map (not to scale) 1887 Site and surroundings Ordnance Survey 25” map (not to scale) 1931 Site and surroundings Ordnance Survey 1: 10,000 scale map (not to scale) 1984 Site and surroundings Ordnance Survey 1: 10,000 scale map (not to scale) 2000 Site and surroundings
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Appendix C
FIGURES
File: Drawn By: JS 29-06-17 Date Modified: L i n c o l n s h i r e M e l t o n
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3 Registered Park and Garden )" Past archaeological investigation (point)
20
8 Past archaeological investigation (line) 1 - 15 44 6 0 - 9
2 Archaeological feature/findspot (area)
S
J 36
37 : y B !( Archaeological feature/findspot (point) n w a r D Archaeological feature/findspot (line)
41 Site Boundary 11 HER Study Area (1.5km)
31 42
4 38 23
12 30 22 17 7 19 1 18 8 25 24 21 39 26 16 5 27 40
29 32
33 10 13 2
43
9
6
28
14
34 TITLE:
35 HEDBPAR:O UJEnCitT 1 T-4IT LEEaston 45
FIGURE No: FIGURE 2: Historic environment Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown features maFpIG wUiRthEi nX the HER copyright and database right 2018. 0 0.0750.15 0.3 0.45 0.6 1.5km radius inner study area : e
l Kilometres i F : d e i f i d o Key M e t a D # Liste d B u ilding *# E aston F arm (un designa ted h erita ge a sset) S ite B ou ndary 8 1 - 6 0 - 9 2
S J
: y B n w a r D
#60 #58#59
#57 #56 #4#955 #54
#53 52 #51 # #50 #46 #47
#48
*#13
TIT LE :
H E D B AP :R UO JnEitC 1T- T4I TELaEsto n
FIG U R E N o:
FIG U R E 3 : A bo ve -g ro u n d h e ritag e a ssets Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown sco pe d in b e yoFnIGd UthReE HXE R 1 .5 km copyright and database right 2018. 00.0705.15 0.3 0.45 0.6 ra d iu s in n e r stu dy a rea : e
l Kilometres i F Key
Site Boundary HER Study Area (1.5km)
Till, Mid Pleistocene (Diamicton) Upper Lincolnshire Limestone
Lower Lincolnshire Limestone
Northampton Sand (Ironstone)
Grantham Formation - Sandstone, Siltstone and Mudstone
Alluvium
Whitby Mudstone Formation Till, Mid Pleistocene (Diamicton)
TITLE:
HEDBA:PROJECT Unit 1-4 TITLE Easton
FIGURE No:
Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown FIGURE X copyright and database right 2018. 0 0.050.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 FIGURE 4: Geology Map (BGS) Kilometres CONTAINS BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MATERIALS © NERC 2018 SITE
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
FIGURE No: Figure 5 1809 Easton Enclosure Award and Plan (Kesteven award / 32) Image (C) Lincolnshire County Council SITE
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
FIGURE No: Figure 6 Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1887 (not to scale) SITE
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
FIGURE No: Figure 7 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1930 (not to scale) SITE
Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018.
TITLE: FIGURE No: HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton Figure 8 1968 Mine Plan (15244) Image (C) Lincolnshire County Council SITE
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
FIGURE No: Figure 9 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1977–76 (not to scale) SITE
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
FIGURE No: Figure 10 Historical Aerial Photograph (1999) EXISTING SITE LAYOUT PROPOSED SITE LAYOUT
The main HGV entrance to The new cold store facility would replace the existing the site is from Burton Lane chambers 1 to 4. The new building would be connected in the south west corner of rest of the site by a series of conveyors allowing easy the site. transfer of pallets.
The entrance is shared with The main HGV entrance is to be relocated along Burton the McCains facility located Lane with the existing access point retained as a immediately to the north of separate access to the adjacent McCains facility. the site. A holding area would be created adjacent to the new Cold store chambers 1 to 4 gatehouse for lorries which arrive before their allocated are to be demolished to be time slot. replaced by the proposed new cold store. The car parking would be reconfigured with the number of spaces increased to approximately 122 spaces
SITE
SITE
TITLE:
EXISTING PROPOSED
FIGURE No: Figure 11 Existing and proposed site HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton layout (Marcol) pedestrian walkway route
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Existing9 Overhead10 11 Conveyor12 Bridge13 proposed FLT route proposed FLT route A UNIT 5
B
C
D UNITS 7 and 8
E
F New Overhead Conveyor Bridge
G UNIT 6
H Gate House
I Store 15766 m² 169709.1 SF
J
K
L
M
N
O
P UNIT 9 Q UNIT 10 R
S
T Docks 2586 m² 27835.6 SF RE-PACK U
VMU V Roof Overhang
Plant Room
Loading Yard 20 Docks Vehicle Wash
FTADesign Articulated Vehicle (1998) FTADesign Articulated Vehicle (1998) FTA Design Articulated Vehicle (1998)
Fuel
90 Trailer Parking
263 Parking Bays
TITLE:
HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
Car Parking Entrance FIGURE No: proposed new cold store (Unit 1-4) Figure 12 Proposed Site Plan showing area of new cold store construction (currently hardstanding) (Campus Park, Site Plan, 1158 - site outline L0101, rev E. dated 12-03-18) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Proposed building height: 46.1m OD
U/S Truss 41000
Warehouse FFL rwp rwp 1250
Level 0 Site Level 0
Section 1 1 1 : 500 proposed south-facing section
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
U/S Truss 41000
Level 2 11000 Warehouse FFL 1250 Level 1 TITLE: 5000
Level 0 Site Level 0 HEDBA: Unit 1-4 Easton
Section 2 2 1 : 500 FIGURE No: Figure 13 Proposed Sections showing proposed west-facing section height of cold store (Campus Park, 1158, B0501, rev D. dated 22-03-18)
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