iSEC XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment 70042740-PF6 JULY 2018 PUBLIC iSEC XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment TYPE OF DOCUMENT (VERSION) PUBLIC PROJECT NO. 70042740 OUR REF. NO. 70042740-PF6 DATE: JULY 2018 WSP 4th Floor 6 Devonshire Square London EC2M 4YE Phone: +44 113 395 6201 Fax: +44 20 7337 1701 WSP.com QUALITY CONTROL Issue/revision First issue Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks First issue Final issue with client revisions Date 28/06/2018 05/07/2018 Prepared by Andrew Rudge, Reider Payne, Reider Payne Janette Platt Checked by Janette Platt Authorised by Jon Chandler, Jon Chandler, Associate Associate Signature Project number 70042740 70042740 File reference \\uk.wspgroup.com\ukce \\uk.wspgroup.com\ukce ntral\Environmental\ARC ntral\Environmental\ARC HAEOLOGY\LINC\Units HAEOLOGY\LINC\Units 1-4 East, Grantham 1-4 East, Grantham 70042740 70042740 WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1 1.2 SCOPE 1 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1 1.4 KEY HERITAGE CONSTRAINTS 1 2 PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND GUIDANCE 3 2.1 STATUTORY PROTECTION 3 2.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 3 2.3 LOCAL POLICY 4 3 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES 5 3.1 DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 5 3.2 CONSULTATIONS 6 3.3 SITE VISITS 6 3.4 ASSESSING HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE 7 3.5 ASSESSING THE CONTRIBUTION OF SETTING 8 4 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT BASELINE 10 4.1 SITE LOCATION 10 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY 10 4.3 GEOLOGY 10 4.4 OVERVIEW OF PAST INVESTIGATIONS 10 4.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 11 4.6 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE 13 4.7 FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL 14 5 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 16 5.1 INTRODUCTION 16 5.2 PREHISTORIC 16 5.3 ROMAN 16 XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM WSP Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 July 2018 iSEC 5.4 MEDIEVAL 16 5.5 POST-MEDIEVAL 16 6 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 18 6.1 INTRODUCTION 18 6.2 ABOVE GROUND ASSETS WITHIN THE SITE 21 6.3 SELECTED ABOVE GROUND ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE 22 7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 32 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 OUTLINE OF THE PROPOSAL RELEVANT TO THE ASSESSMENT 32 7.3 IMPACT ON BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 32 7.4 IMPACT ON ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS 33 7.5 ASSETS BEYOND THE SITE 33 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 42 8.1 BURIED HERITAGE ASSETS 44 8.2 ABOVE GROUND HERITAGE ASSETS 42 TABLES Table 1 - Summary of data sources 5 Table 2 - Significance of heritage assets 7 Table 3 - Setting of designated assets: assets scoped out 18 Table 4 - Predicted impacts prior to mitigation 44 APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC FIGURES Figure 1 – Site location Figure 2 – Historic environment features map within the HER 1.5km radius inner study area Figure 3 – Above-ground heritage assets scoped in beyond the HER 1.5km radius inner study area Figure 4 – Geology map (British Geological Survey) Figure 5 – 1809 Easton Enclosure Award and Plan (Lincolnshire Archives, Kesteven award / 32) Image © Lincolnshire County Council Figure 6 – Ordnance Survey 1st edition 25” map of 1887 (not to scale) Figure 7 – Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1930 (not to scale) Figure 8 – 1968 Mine Plan (Lincolnshire Archives, 15244) Image © Lincolnshire County Council Figure 9 – Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 scale map of 1977–76 (not to scale) Figure 10 – Historical Aerial Photograph (1999) Figure 11 – Existing and proposed site layout (Marcol) Figure 12 – Proposed Site Plan showing area of new cold store construction (currently hardstanding) (Campus Park, Site Plan, 1158 - L0101, rev E. dated 12-03-18) Figure 13 – Proposed Sections showing height of cold store (Campus Park, 1158, B0501, rev D. dated 22-03-18) XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM WSP Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 July 2018 iSEC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WSP has been commissioned by iSEC to carry out a historic environment desk-based assessment (HEDBA) in advance of a proposed development by XPO Logistics at Burton Lane, Easton in Lincolnshire. The scheme comprises the redevelopment and replacement of an existing late 20th century cold storage facility, Units 1–4, occupying approximately 20% of the site, and their replacement with a new cold store facility on much the same footprint. The foundations would be piled. No basement is proposed. Several smaller structures are also proposed, together with a new car parking area in the south. This desk-based study assesses the impact on buried heritage assets (archaeological remains) and above ground heritage assets (structures and landscapes of heritage interest) within or immediately around the site. It also considers the impact of the scheme on the historic character and setting of designated assets within and beyond the site (e.g. views to and from listed buildings and conservation areas). The site does not contain any nationally designated (protected) heritage assets, such as scheduled monuments, listed buildings or registered parks and gardens. The site does not lie within a conservation area or within an area of high archaeological potential, as designated by the local planning authority. Above ground heritage The site is on a prominent location in the surrounding landscape, albeit on a site that is already developed with large-scale warehousing. The assessment has included preliminary scoping to identify which designated heritage assets might potentially be affected in terms of changes to their setting. Above ground heritage assets potentially affected comprise: Cold Store office building. The office building in the south-western corner of the site dates to 1973–4 and was at that time the largest cold store facility of its type in Europe. It is not on statutorily or locally listed. It is however mentioned briefly in the Buildings of England, and is an asset of low heritage significance. Easton Park Registered Park and Garden. The eastern boundary of Grade II registered Easton Park lies 90m west of the site. The park was laid out in the 1840s and is an asset of high heritage significance. Easton Park listed buildings. The park contains 13 Grade II listed buildings of high heritage significance. Farm buildings near High Dike. Two farm complexes at Old Park and Stoke Grange, 1.1km north and 1.9km north west of the site. Primarily dating to the late-18th century, there are five listed buildings in total, listed at Grade II and of high heritage significance. Stoke Rochford Hall Registered Park and Garden. This Grade II* Registered Park and Garden was laid out in its current form in the 1840s. Its south-eastern boundary is under 2km north-west of the site. It is an asset of very high heritage significance. Designated heritage assets within the park considered in the assessment include the Grade I listed Stoke Rochford Hall, built in c. 1841–5 (very high significance) (very high significance), three Grade I and two Grade II* listed buildings (very high significance) and three Grade II listed buildings (high significance). The proposed development would entail the demolition of the Cold Store office building. This could be mitigated by an appropriate programme of Historic England standing building recording (e.g. Level 2 basic record), prior to demolition. The proposed development would entail the construction of a new warehouse that is taller than the existing warehouses on site, and would result in less than substantial harm to 10 designated heritage assets beyond the site in terms of slight material changes to setting. The overall heritage significance of the assets would remain unchanged. The adverse effects could however be reduced to some extent by planting across the site, through a colour banded external cladding, ways to minimise the effect of the pitched roofline and through appropriate lighting schemes. Buried heritage The main potential for the site is for Roman remains. The site lies 130m to the east of the course of a former major Roman road, ‘Ermine Street’, 40m east of a potential settlement at Easton. It is thought that a secondary WSP XPO LOGISTICS, UNIT 1–4 EASTON, GRANTHAM July 2018 Project No.: 70042740 | Our Ref No.: 70042740-PF6 iSEC road off Ermine Street crossed the south-eastern corner of the site, but there is currently no archaeological evidence for this. The site has moderate potential to contain evidence of settlement, roadside activity and agriculture, of medium or high significance, depending on the nature and extent of the remains. The potential for other periods is low. There is little evidence of prehistoric activity, although this may reflect the lack of past archaeological investigation in the area. Whilst it has been speculated that Ermine Street followed the line of a prehistoric routeway in this area, the geology of the site may not have been a first choice for early agriculture and settlement is more likely to have focused closer to water sources some distance away. The site was located some distance from the centres of historic settlement, and was probably open fields throughout much of the later medieval and post-medieval period. Whilst there is potential for evidence of post-medieval agriculture, remains of field ditches and such would be of negligible significance. Mine entrance excavations in the late 1950s (the mining itself lies are well below any archaeology and will not have had an impact), along with its subsequent development as a large scale frozen food factory, will have compromised archaeological survival across much of the site.