181018 Zhangjiajie & Chengdu -180214-1
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Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region
sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Changes and the Driving Forces of Sloping Farmland Areas in the Sichuan Region Meijia Xiao 1 , Qingwen Zhang 1,*, Liqin Qu 2, Hafiz Athar Hussain 1 , Yuequn Dong 1 and Li Zheng 1 1 Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (M.X.); [email protected] (H.A.H.); [email protected] (Y.D.); [email protected] (L.Z.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-82106031 Received: 12 December 2018; Accepted: 31 January 2019; Published: 11 February 2019 Abstract: Sloping farmland is an essential type of the farmland resource in China. In the Sichuan province, livelihood security and social development are particularly sensitive to changes in the sloping farmland, due to the region’s large portion of hilly territory and its over-dense population. In this study, we focused on spatiotemporal change of the sloping farmland and its driving forces in the Sichuan province. Sloping farmland areas were extracted from geographic data from digital elevation model (DEM) and land use maps, and the driving forces of the spatiotemporal change were analyzed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that, from 2000 to 2015, sloping farmland decreased by 3263 km2 in the Sichuan province. The area of gently sloping farmland (<10◦) decreased dramatically by 1467 km2, especially in the capital city, Chengdu, and its surrounding areas. -
The Utilization of Aerosol Therapy in Mechanical Ventilation Patients: a Prospective Multicenter Observational Cohort Study and a Review of the Current Evidence
1071 Original Article Page 1 of 11 The utilization of aerosol therapy in mechanical ventilation patients: a prospective multicenter observational cohort study and a review of the current evidence Shan Lyu1#, Jie Li2#, Limin Yang3, Xiaoliang Du4, Xiaoyi Liu5, Libo Chuan6, Guoqiang Jing7, Zhenyan Wang8, Weiwei Shu9, Chunjuan Ye10, Qionglan Dong11, Jun Duan12, James B. Fink2,13, Zhancheng Gao14, Zongan Liang15; on behalf of Respiratory Care Committee in Chinese Thoracic Society 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; 3Department of Respiratory Care, Zhejiang University School of Medical Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China; 4Department of Neurosurgical, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China; 5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China; 6Intensive Care Unit, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; 7Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China; 8Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China; 9Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; 10Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; 11Department of Critical -
Crop Systems on a County-Scale
Supporting information Chinese cropping systems are a net source of greenhouse gases despite soil carbon sequestration Bing Gaoa,b, c, Tao Huangc,d, Xiaotang Juc*, Baojing Gue,f, Wei Huanga,b, Lilai Xua,b, Robert M. Reesg, David S. Powlsonh, Pete Smithi, Shenghui Cuia,b* a Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China b Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China c College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China d College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China e Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China f School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia g SRUC, West Mains Rd. Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK h Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ. UK i Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK Bing Gao & Tao Huang contributed equally to this work. Corresponding author: Xiaotang Ju and Shenghui Cui College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Phone: +86-10-62732006; Fax: +86-10-62731016. E-mail: [email protected] Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China. Phone: +86-592-6190777; Fax: +86-592-6190977. E-mail: [email protected] S1. The proportions of the different cropping systems to national crop yields and sowing area Maize was mainly distributed in the “Corn Belt” from Northeastern to Southwestern China (Liu et al., 2016a). -
Supplemental Information
Supplemental information Table S1 Sample information for the 36 Bactrocera minax populations and 8 Bactrocera tsuneonis populations used in this study Species Collection site Code Latitude Longitude Accession number B. minax Shimen County, Changde SM 29.6536°N 111.0646°E MK121987 - City, Hunan Province MK122016 Hongjiang County, HJ 27.2104°N 109.7884°E MK122052 - Huaihua City, Hunan MK122111 Province 27.2208°N 109.7694°E MK122112 - MK122144 Jingzhou Miao and Dong JZ 26.6774°N 109.7341°E MK122145 - Autonomous County, MK122174 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Mayang Miao MY 27.8036°N 109.8247°E MK122175 - Autonomous County, MK122204 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Luodian county, Qiannan LD 25.3426°N 106.6638°E MK124218 - Buyi and Miao MK124245 Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province Dongkou County, DK 27.0806°N 110.7209°E MK122205 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122234 Province Shaodong County, SD 27.2478°N 111.8964°E MK122235 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122264 Province 27.2056°N 111.8245°E MK122265 - MK122284 Xinning County, XN 26.4652°N 110.7256°E MK122022 - Shaoyang City,Hunan MK122051 Province 26.5387°N 110.7586°E MK122285 - MK122298 Baojing County, Xiangxi BJ 28.6154°N 109.4081°E MK122299 - Tujia and Miao MK122328 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province 28.2802°N 109.4581°E MK122329 - MK122358 Guzhang County, GZ 28.6171°N 109.9508°E MK122359 - Xiangxi Tujia and Miao MK122388 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Luxi County, Xiangxi LX 28.2341°N 110.0571°E MK122389 - Tujia and Miao MK122407 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Yongshun County, YS 29.0023°N -
6 Days Zhangjiajie National Forest Park and Fenghuang Old Town Tour
[email protected] +86-28-85593923 6 days Zhangjiajie national forest park and Fenghuang old town tour https://windhorsetour.com/zhangjiajie-tour/zhangjiajie-fenghuang-tour Zhangjiajie Fenghuang View the marvelous mountain peaks in Zhangjiajie, and take the longest cable car up to the Tianmen mountain to express the glass walkway. Continue to Fenghuang ancient town to see Miao people’s hanging house and lights illusions by the night. Type Private Duration 6 days Theme Culture and Heritage, Natural scenery, Photography Trip code ZJJ-02 Price From £ 515 per person Itinerary This is a tour with a fantastic combination of nature and ethnic culture. Zhangjiajie, the first authorized national forest park in China, is a place full of natural wonders and the paradise for nature lovers to pursue excitement and adventure. Dehang village, one of the ideal places to get close to the ethnic Miao Minority's life. Fenghuang (Phoenix) Ancient Town, a town with a history of more than 300 years but still keep in its original appearance, it is considered as a guidebook for people to know the past life in the pre-modernization period, and you can enjoy the typical scenery including wooden houses and stone roads here. Day 01 : Zhangjiajie Arrival Upon arrival at Zhangjiajie airport or train station, to be met and picked up and transferred to your hotel. Then you can have a good rest at your hotel to prepare for your next 5 days trip. Stay overnight at Wulingyuan, Zhangjiajie. Day 02 : Zhangjiajie National Forest Park sightseeing tour, Yuanjiajie - Tianzi Mountain Depart from your hotel after breakfast. -
Tourism Development and the Tourism Area Life-Cycle Model: a Case Study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China
ARTICLE IN PRESS Tourism Management ] (]]]]) ]]]–]]] www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Tourism development and the tourism area life-cycle model: A case study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China Linsheng Zhonga,Ã, Jinyang Dengb, Baohui Xiangc aInstitute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China bRecreation, Parks, and Tourism Resources Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA cDepartment of Human Resources, China Woman’s University, Beijing 100101, China Received 28 June 2006; accepted 10 October 2007 Abstract The conceptual framework of the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) has been frequently examined since it was first proposed by Butler in 1980. However, few studies have applied the concept to national parks and other protected areas. This paper examines the applicability of the model to China’s Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. In addition, both external and internal factors affecting the park’s tourism development as well as the environmental, social, and economic changes of the area are also discussed. Results indicate that the park has experienced the first four stages as described in Butler’s 1980 seminal paper [The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5–12]. Currently, the park is in the consolidation stage. Both governments and the private sector are major players as catalysts for the park’s tourism development from one stage to the next. While the local or even regional economy has become increasingly dependent on tourism, the park has also been experiencing noticeable transformation and loss of traditional cultures since its inception in 1982. -
2 Days Leshan Giant Buddha and Mount Emei Tour
[email protected] +86-28-85593923 2 days Leshan Giant Buddha and Mount Emei tour https://windhorsetour.com/emei-leshan-tour/leshan-emei-2-day-tour Chengdu Mount Emei Leshan Chengdu A classic trip to Leshan and Mount Emei only takes 2 days. Leshan Grand Buddha is the biggest sitting Buddha in the world and Mount Emei is one of the four Buddhist Mountains in China. Type Private Duration 2 days Theme Culture and Heritage Trip code WS-302 From £ 214 per person £ 195 you save £ 19 (10%) Itinerary Mt.Emei lies in the southern area of Sichuan basin. It is one of the four sacred Buddhist Mountains in China. It is towering, beautiful, old and mysterious and is like a huge green screen standing in the southwest of the Chengdu Plain. Its main peak, the Golden Summit, is 3099 meters above the sea level, seemingly reaching the sky. Standing on the top of it, you can enjoy the snowy mountains in the west and the vast plain in the east. In addition in Golden Summit there are four spectacles: clouds sea, sunrise, Buddha rays and saint lamps. Leshan Grand Buddha is the biggest sitting Buddha in the world. It was begun to built in 713AD in Tang Dynasty, took more than 90 years to finish this huge statue. And it sits at Lingyue Mountain, at the Giant Buddha Cliff, you will find out a lot of stunning small buddha caves, you will be astonished by this human project. Leshan Grand Buddha and Mt.Emei both were enlisted in the world natural and cultural heritage by the UNESCO in 1996. -
GGN - Geopark Annual Report 2016
GGN - Geopark Annual Report 2016 1. GEOPARK IDENTITY Geopark name, country, regional Network: Zhangjiajie UNESCO Global Geopark, China, APGN Year of inscription / Year of the last revalidation:2004/2014 Representative Photo (from the most important event this year) 2. GEOPARK FIGURES Number of Geopark staffs: 1351staffs and five geologists Number of Visitors: 22.8605 million Yuan Number of Geopark events: nine major events by management body Number school classes realize Geopark educational programmes: four Number of Geopark press release: Fourteen 3. GEOPARK ACTIVITIES Major achivements in 2016 1. We also upgraded 95- kilometer-long touring path, the Tianzi Mountain cableway and Bailong sightseeing elevator. 2. We established a new visitor center at Yuanjiajie geo-region. 3. We upgraded highway affiliated facilities including the signing system. 4. We upgraded and renovated three restaurants, eleven toilets and 5 first-aid stations. Contribution towards GGN - Networking and Participation 1. We attended the 7th UNESCO Global Geopark International Conference. 2. We signed a sister agreement with English Riviera UNESCO Global Geopark. 3. We made a friendly visit to Maestrazgo and Copper Coast UNESCO Global Geopark and signed a sister agreement with Maestrazgo UNESCO Global Geopark (spain). 4. We attended the international course on geoparks management and development 5. We attended the Annual Conference on Global Geoparks of China 2016 Management and Financial status Zhangjiajie Global Geopark is under the management of the Administrative Committee of Zhangjiajie Global Geopark whose chairman is the district major of the Wulingyuan District People’s Government of Zhangjiajie Municipality. Financial status is good with a total revenue of 10.002 billion yuan. -
Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: a Review
land Review Holocene Environmental Archaeology of the Yangtze River Valley in China: A Review Li Wu 1,2,*, Shuguang Lu 1, Cheng Zhu 3, Chunmei Ma 3, Xiaoling Sun 1, Xiaoxue Li 1, Chenchen Li 1 and Qingchun Guo 4 1 Provincial Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (X.S.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (C.L.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China 3 School of Geograpy and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (C.M.) 4 School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Yangtze River Valley is an important economic region and one of the cradles of human civilization. It is also the site of frequent floods, droughts, and other natural disasters. Conducting Holocene environmental archaeology research in this region is of great importance when studying the evolution of the relationship between humans and the environment and the interactive effects humans had on the environment from 10.0 to 3.0 ka BP, for which no written records exist. This Citation: Wu, L.; Lu, S.; Zhu, C.; review provides a comprehensive summary of materials that have been published over the past Ma, C.; Sun, X.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Guo, Q. -
Interim Report 1 DEFINITIONS
CONTENTS Page Definitions 2 Corporate Information 7 Company Profile 11 Interim Condensed Financial Information 12 Changes in Share Capital and Shareholding of Substantial Shareholders 47 Directors, Supervisors and Senior Management 50 Management Discussion and Analysis 51 Other Significant Events 87 2011 Interim Report 1 DEFINITIONS In this interim report, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the following meanings when used herein: I. Name of Expressway Projects (in Alphabetical Order) “Airport Expressway” Chengdu Airport Expressway “Chengbei Exit Chengdu Chengbei Exit Expressway Expressway” “Chengle Expressway” Sichuan Chengle (Chengdu — Leshan) Expressway “Chengren Expressway” Chengdu-Meishan (Renshou) Section of Sichuan ChengZiLuChi (Chengdu — Zigong — Luzhou — Chishui) Expressway “Chengnan Expressway” Sichuan Chengnan (Chengdu — Nanchong) Expressway “Chengya Expressway” Sichuan Chengya (Chengdu — Ya’an) Expressway “Chengyu Expressway” Chengyu (Chengdu — Chongqing) Expressway (Sichuan Section) “Suiyu Expressway” Suiyu (Suining-Chongqing) Expressway 2 Sichuan Expressway Company Limited II. Subsidiaries, Branches and Invested Companies (in Alphabetical Order) “Airport Expressway Chengdu Airport Expressway Company Company” Limited “Chengbei Company” Chengdu Chengbei Exit Expressway Company Limited “Chengle Company” Sichuan Chengle Expressway Company Limited “Chengren Branch” Sichuan Expressway Company Limited Chengren Branch “Chengya Branch” Sichuan Expressway Company Limited Chengya Branch “Chengyu -
World Bank Document
CONFORMED COPY CREDIT NUMBER 3251 CHA Public Disclosure Authorized Development Credit Agreement (Sichuan Urban Environment Project) between PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized and INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Date January 9, 2001 CREDIT NUMBER 3251 CHA Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPMENT CREDIT AGREEMENT AGREEMENT, dated January 9, 2001, between PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (the Borrower) and INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (the Association). WHEREAS (A) the Borrower, having satisfied itself as to the feasibility and priority of the Project described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement, has requested the Association to assist in the financing of the Project; (B) the Borrower has also requested the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the Bank) to provide additional assistance towards the financing of the Project and by an agreement of even date herewith between the Borrower and the Bank (the Loan Agreement), the Bank is agreeing to provide such assistance in an aggregate principal amount equal to one hundred million Dollars ($100,000,000) (the Loan); Public Disclosure Authorized (C) the Borrower and the Association intend, to the extent practicable, that the proceeds of the Credit be disbursed on account of expenditures in respect of the Project before disbursements of the proceeds of the Loan provided for in this Agreement are made; (D) the Project will be carried out by Sichuan Province (Sichuan) with the Borrower’s assistance, and as part of such assistance, the Borrower will make available to Sichuan the proceeds of the Credit as provided in this Agreement and the proceeds of the Loan as provided in the Loan Agreement; and WHEREAS the Association has agreed, on the basis, inter alia, of the foregoing, to extend the Credit to the Borrower upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and in the Project Agreement of even date herewith among the Association, the Bank and Sichuan; NOW THEREFORE the parties hereto hereby agree as follows; ARTICLE I General Conditions; Definitions Section 1.01. -
Ethnic Minority Development Plan
Ethnic Minority Development Plan May 2018 People’s Republic of China: Hunan Xiangjiang River Watershed Existing Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment Project Prepared by the ADB-financed Project Management Office of the Lanshan County Government and the Yongzhou City Government for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2018) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.158 $1.00 = CNY6.3 34 ABBREVIATIONS 3R – reduce, reuse, and recycle ADB – Asian Development Bank ACWF – All China Women’s Federat ion DI – design institute EMDP – ethnic minority development plan EM – ethnic minority EMG – ethnic minority group EMT – ethnic minority township EMAC – ethnic minority autonomous county EMP – environmental management plan EMRA O – Ethnic Minority and Religion Affairs Office ESB – Environment Sanitation Bureau FGD – focus group discussion GDP – gross domestic product GRM – Grievance redress mechanism HH – household HIV – human immunodeficiency virus HPMO – Hunan project management office IA – Implementing agency IP – indigenous pe oples LSSB – Labor and Social Security Bureau MSW – Municipal solid waste PA – Project areas PRC – People’s Republic of China PMO – project management office SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement STI – sexually transmitted infection TA – technic al assistance XRW – Xiangjiang River watershed YME – Yao minority township NOTE In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.