規劃與拓展 Planning and Development 香港規劃師學會期刊– 二零一三年第二十八卷第一期 Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners – Volume 28, Issue No

規劃與拓展 Planning and Development 香港規劃師學會期刊– 二零一三年第二十八卷第一期 Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners – Volume 28, Issue No. 1, 2013

Contents Page HKIP EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CHIEF EDITOR Mr. Edward LO

“People First, District-based, Public Participatory” 1 HON. EDITOR Approach for Urban Renewal – a Practical Case of Prof. Sidney WONG the Kowloon City District Urban Renewal Forum COMMITTEE MEMBERS Lily Y.M. YAM Dr. Ernest LEE Dr. Mee-kam NG

Dr. Kenneth TANG Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town 17 Dr. Joanna LEE Mr. Kim On CHAN Centre Redevelopment Project – a Practitioner’s Ms. Lily Y.M. YAM Experience Ms. Jannie LEUNG Mr. Yee-ming FU LEE Shu Wing, Ernest Ms. Jacqueline CHEUK

HKIP COUNCIL (2013-14) Community-based Approaches as the Key to 34 PRESIDENT Renewal: the Practice and Potential for Hong Kong Mr. Raymond K.W. LEE

NG Ka-chui, Isaac VICE-PRESIDENTS Dr. Eunice H.C. MAK Mr. Kenneth L.K. TO Special Paper

Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity – 47 HON. SECRETARY Mr. Jon C.H. MAK a Key for Strengthening Hong Kong’s

Competitiveness HON. TREASURER Mr. Cho Ming LI K.K. LING

IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Dr. Peter COOKSON SMITH

LIST OF HKIP MEMBERS AS AT JUNE 2013 71 COUNCIL MEMBERS Mr. Kim On CHAN

Mr. Lawrence Y.C. CHAU LIST OF REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS 76 Ms. Flora S.K. Lai Ms. Sharon C.G. Liu AS AT JUNE 2013 Ms. Fiona S.Y. LUNG Prof. Bo Sin TANG Dr. Kenneth S.S. TANG Ms. Lily Y.M. YAM Miss Theresa W.S. YEUNG

STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Edwin Y.T. TANG Mr. Mathew W.H. FUNG

All materials in Planning and Development are copyrighted and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without permission from the Hong Kong Institute of Planners. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the Editorial Committee, the Council or the Institute. © Hong Kong Institute of Planners 2013

Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 1 governmental Planning Department,

ory” Approach for Urban Urban for Approach ory”

. charge of established established of non- charge

- in ict of Forum ict Renewal Urban the a term of three years, DURF is chaired by an

e- Renewal Urban District City Kowloon

Forum based, Public Participatory” approach for urban for approach based, Public Participatory” - the

Lily Y.M. YAM Lily Y.M. section of the local community, including District Council including District Council local the of community, section

-based, Public Participat based urban renewal initiatives from a holistic and comprehensive years of review, the new Urbanyears Renewal of review, Strategy (URS) was -

Practical Case of of Case Practical –a based, Public Participatory” approach at the early planning stage of urban renewal renewal planning stage urban at of approach early the Public Participatory” based, District Urban Renewal Forum Renewal Renewal “People First, District Ms. Lily Y.M. YAM is the Planner/Chief Town YAM Distr Ms. Lily Y.M. the Hong Kong SpecialAdministrative Region Government

1 perspective, including targets, including advice on regeneration preservation perspective, and areas, redevelopment models 2011). (Urban implementation Renewaland Strategy, Abstract After more than two in Februarypromulgated 2011. of One the in key the promoted principles new URS is the District First, “People the adoption of renewal. Renewal Forum Kowloon (DURF) up in set JuneThe District Urban was City into practice. this approach to put pioneer a as 2011 author the to DURF, Secretary the As towishes share with in plannin the practitioners andg relevant fields the pioneering experience of DURF and its work. 1. in public participation more and for aspirations call the community the changing of the With the new URS calls for active promotion of future the ofshaping “People the First, our city, - District embraces newand the initiative setting of up a in old urbanDURF districts to strengthen renewal planning urban at district the level. an As platform, advisory DURF will advise the on district Government which a contains large pilot first in City, Kowloon The DURF was up set in June 2011 redevelopment of projects few a only but involving buildings dilapidated and aged of number Urban Renewal the Authority (URA). With experienced engineer familiar with urban renewal issues. membersIts comprise representatives from a wide cross centr members, Committee Area members, disciplines, relevant district, and the the professionals from serving organisations/groups

Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 3 based, - -building -building ial impact impact ial ommunity ommunity will alsoensure that

initiatives contributing to a quality city city to quality a contributing initiatives based Urban Renewal Plan for Kowloon City has been a -

-based Urban Renewal Plan for Kowloon City Kowloon City -based Urban for Renewal Plan DURF website). ty as the key player in formulating an Urban Renewal Plan for Kowloon City. as key the ty player in formulating Urban Renewal Planan for City. Kowloon In Community environment ( environment District First, “People the in putting pilot platform a and advisory independent an As for blueprint consideration a for is taskedDURF to putGovernment’s essence, forward In includes for and suitable which redevelopment areas in Kowloon renewal City, urban and plus preservation rehabilitation, revitalisation of the into acknowledges practice, importance approach DURF Public Participatory” communi engaging theextensively has community which knowledge best the of aspirations and for ofc the local priorities and the aspirations reflect to clearly has DURF district, their to so put as views, professional the consolidate and renewal to urban on issues related forward to the Government an Urban Renewal Plan that can encompass local characteristics and reflects local aspirations and community interests at large. DURF work,their including the formulation plan process, is open transparent and to public. the In all DURF public open are meetings for this observation. regard, 2. of formulation The a community great challenge to DURF. On the technical aspect, it is necessary to commission consultants Urban the Plan with planning to formulate toRenewal a assist DURF study to undertake proposals.able implement it is also the for community, formulated it toAs plan be is a community the consensus with to promoting view engage important a to extensively process. formulation in plan the possible the important is to soc identify equally It be that may tocaused the in community early plan the stage, to formulation propose and as measures mitigation key suitable a component Urban Renewal the of Plan. a Hence, social a and public engagement (SIA), which assessment impact are the study, planning have in City, Kowloon renewal blueprint urban a for for components formulating integral been theconducted at same time, and all three tasks will provide interact and input to one another.

Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 5

6 Planning & Development

2 majornotifications to stakeholders Thai ethnic minorities the urban and renewal the engagement proposals activities servicegroups in the district to enlist their assistance in disseminating information relating to engagementandgiven leaflet,have NGOs briefings and digest local special been to soc publicity as poster, measures such newspaper and radio advertisement,banner, public affectedgroups the in communitypublic engagement, during the from apart the normal order reach these to groups to among out vulnerable and disadvantaged Hongyears Kong7 for lessthan are and ethnic minorities In City, Kowloon s the proportion follows: as are PE of stages Activities carried2 the during out their views on possible the social mitigation measures. 2010. in St PURP was formulated the on basisofgathered as local views fromDistrict the Aspiratio gauging their viewsthe on possible social impacts arising from the PURP.In fact, the affected and potential identifying the PURP; and stakeholders priorityon public views and Stage at aims ascertaining 1PE residents of Kowloon CityDistrict and the general public. proposals, renewal urban the by affected stakeholders the at targeted are PE of stages Both URP. formulating the for publicengagement (PE) stages of As are mentionedthere two above, P 2.2

responses Face Roving and Exhibitions Mobile and other bodies 7 Forums Public 2 3 9 FocusDiscussions Group schools,youth associations, NGOs and local professional etc. bodies concerned groups, residents’ organisations, local conservation and art groups, business/trade associations, Ma udy on Urban Renewal for Kowloon City completed by the Kowloon City District Council District Kowloon City bythe completed Kowloon City for Renewal udyUrban on jor s jor apart from sending apart sending from PE, Stage 1 the in gained With experience prepared. been also have Briefin Walking ToursWorkshops cum - ublic Engagement to takeholders owners’ include owners’ incorporations, mutual committees, aid committees, relevant - Face Questionnaire Survey ( Survey Questionnaire Face Stage 2 PE aims at gauging public feedback on the proposals of the Stagegauging DURPfeedback proposals The at aims onthe PE public 2 and ) ) esost tttr,avsr g statutory, to Sessions advisory , in particular, publicity leaflets in their StagePE 1

of the elderly (agedand arrivals above), new 65residing in 2

in thein district, Hongkong Circular Post Service 1,222 Roving and Exhibitions Mobile and other bodies 6 Briefing statutory, to Sessions advisory Forum1 Public workshops) Topical the form of (in Discussions 5 FocusDiscussions Group 4

languages e.g. Urdu otecnendgop. For the theto concerned groups. . In. average territorial the above StagePE 2 st

, Punjabi Punjabi , the potential

and and has has ial ial ns ns Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 7

same

, which , which arbourfront arbourfront in areas that

ct. the In case of the URP at an early plan inception stage /business operators projects, it should be noted that the that the noted projects, be it should objective of the SIA is to identify and objective of the SIA

to solicit detailed local views on specific specific on views local detailed solicit to

that residents that in Stage 2 engagementinStage activities such as focus

ensure

committee of the Land and Building Advisory Committee, Committee, Advisory of and Building the Land committee face questionnaire survey questionnaire survey face conducted 1 PE the during Stage - to face- act Assessment out workshops, aim at conducting more focused discussions more out on specific workshops, conducting aim at -

be affected by the urban renewal proposals will be notified of the latest development of development proposals latest urban the by the renewal of notified will be be affected been employed in 2 the PE Stage to

project. project. will be conducted only urban projects For undertakenrenewal by URA, SIA an assess the social impacts of the urban renewal proposals as proposed renewal as impacts in PS proposals the social urban to the the and assess of was mainly directed to residents in Kowloon City, and the and public,general provides also mainly directedwas to in Kowloonresidents City, the of acceptability analysis quantitative proposals. the of general 1018 total, there were In from Kowloon the responses residents 204 City and the responses from public. general Last advisory and bodiesother such but in not least, givingbriefing sessions to various statutory, District Council, Kowloon the H City the Planning Board, Town the as Commission, Sub- Planning the proposals on the DURF to solicit is professional etc., able institutes views NGOs and relevant broader much perspective. a andfrom professional 2.3 Social Imp has commenced SIA the however, by DURF, formulated to be proposals,urban continues renewal any and DURF finalises recommends and before i.e. the planthroughout formulation process. The overall after URA has decided has on a announced and redevelopment proje URA after is normally conducted after decisiona been has made Hong on In SIA specificKong, a plan or urban renewal proposals formulated for specific areas. On the other hand, the topical topical other the the On hand, specific areas. for proposals renewal formulated urban academics in the and and residents, local professionals at targeted discussions, are which form of break structured more soliciting to view a with areas, geographical specific within issues/proposals consolidatedand views and reaching consensuscertain on or of acceptability general specific The proposals. ethnicity or through their religious leaders. leaders. their through or religious ethnicity but views will their give male the only Besides, usually very busy working it find are and they to spare time for engagement hard the activities. from PE not of are too different two stages the for activities of conducted While type the other infrastructure planning and for conducted those focus group discussions were targeted at affected residents of specific geographical areas/neighbourhoods. is able DURF such, As may the URP thoughts.and views their to activities express engagement in participate the and There is indeed increased participation public discussions workshops.group and out in to reaching the there is still difficulty However, more minority whoethnic groups willing to are communicate their people through from also

Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 11 in storey - (over 200(over residential

ethnic minority and ethnic minority

and5 Streets

noise and air nuisances to residents in in to residents nuisances air and noise

, will be adversely affected. While the vehicle , the SIA consultants at their early assessment stage stage assessment early their at consultants the, SIA

in other parts of the urban area. area. urban the of parts in other conducted focus Having group these groups and stakeholders. other these groups finalise will The consultants established service industry in To Kwa Wan serving not customers serving only Wan Kwa industry in To service established comments received during the Stage 2 PE to update findings of the Stage 1 SIA. 1 SIA. Stage the of findings update 2 PE to Stage the during received comments

A mitigation measures to ameliorate the ameliorate to measures to mitigation proposing suitable view on them, with a and affecting smooth on pedestrian movement and affecting vehicular streetsand pavements, and rhoods, it has been identified at the early planning and SIA stage that upon possible stage possible that upon SIA early and planning the at identified it been rhoods, has hops in total), which are usually small businesses and amount to about 51% of all all of 51% about to amount small and businesses usually are hops inwhich total), top residents have been identified in the Stage 1 SIA. 1 SIA. in Stage top the identified residents have been discussions Focus group have 5 Streets is a general term describing a neighbourhood in To Kwa Wan bounded by 5 streets, namely Ming Ming namely 5 streets, by bounded Wan Kwa To in neighbourhood a describing term general a is 5 Streets 13 Streets is a general term describing a neighbourhood in To Kwa Wan bounded by 13 streets, namely Ma namely 13 streets, by bounded Wan Kwa To in a neighbourhood describing term general a is 13 Streets Lun St, Chung Sun St, Hing Yin St, Hing Yan St and Ma Tau Kok and Rd. St Tau Ma Lun ChungSt, Yan HingSt, Sun HingYin St, Tau Kok Rd, MokTau Cheong Luk St, Pang Lung St, St, to Ming Fung St, Lun St, Yi Cheung Yeung Ying St, Fat andSt, OnTsun Shim HokSt, Ching St, Yin Ling St,Luen HungWan St. St,

4 3

consultants the in progress, will 2 assessment make is currently which Stage the During reference to that may be caused. example, 13 Streets in the be For caused. that may neighbou of livelihood operators the of employees and 5 Streets, and of 13 the redevelopment Streets operating in repairing workshops these two neighbourhoods currently vehicle works shops in the floor ground neighbourhoods generating use incompatible operationis an repairing areas in industrial in building repairing Kwai Chungvehicle to cater for the need of the operators. affected potentially no strong concerned have operators the from views Sofar, the have to be received proposal, which to with the of details further regard been yet developed. 2 SI Stage lessees, including owners, groups potential affected above, mentioned As roof- been subsequently held specific inwith detail these togroups study impact the the of DURP proposals on impact social possible details of the mitigation measures as part of the whole package of the URP.

the areas - well a it is but also those City Kowloon be should there their noted business and wish to continue discussions operators with these in neighbourhoods the redevelopment these for sites relocation suitable PS the advised consultantsing find have importance of the location based and on their requirements. operational operators view this, of PS the In multi a of development the proposed have DURP, the consultants, in formulating

12 Planning & Development

engagement activity. Apart from the roving exhibitions, mobile exhibitions the in formexhibitions, of from Apart the roving engagementactivity. attending community, D the including such explain to every opportunity use work,of makes its DURF ofand DURF understand function In the public letthe orderto programme. implementation anybuildings without sincere undertake to a with intention concrete renewal urban enga of the URA and the publicengagementof DURF functionas wasanother considered endless misunderstood was DURF DURF’stowards work. early the At 3.2 revision boundary in etc. of areas redevelopment/rehabilitation suitable for of the proposed ‘ These the deletion include been publicviews. after deleted revised takingaccountof the or and engagement of public extensive twostages of the forums group the discussions/workshops/public focus by local people the They gather also City district. Kowloon of the parts older and the in issues problems existing and people, ofconditions local understand to members and theliving conductedquitea visits building site number of reference the to groundwork prepared by and the Secretariat the various consultants,DURF the talkto people. and eyes your with see the community, go ofto the theis The problem district and into best way issues understand to 3.1 fields. areI which some observations practitioners sharewith to wish the in planning and relevant finalisation of the detailed urban renewal and the social proposals mitigation planning study, impact engagement, assessment, and to social public earl the mode to strengthen renewal urban planning at district the level has Government to submission establish been has DURF Observations 3. gement exercise which would only prolong the suffer of people living in dilapidated the suffer dilapidated in prolong wouldonly living ofgementwhich people exercise To explain in reaching mutual understanding To listenand talk see,

y inception stage of planning for DURF’sofy planningfor stage inception work , district council meetings

stageformation of of DURF, the was there misunderstanding amongst the public

listen food streets , talked to the stakeholdersand District Council members, ed

ed for two years now. While the URP While yet to has yearsed twonow. for to the to ; ;

and a review of the effectiveness of DURF as a pilot operation effectiveness operation areview ofand pilot the aas DURF of istrict ’ ed ir at Pak Tai Pak at Street/Tam Tai Road/Man Kung the and Street views.

information from the locals by studyingsubmissions made Council Council and stating clearlyDURF’s role at every single Some proposals Some of the PURP have subsequently members Throughout

as a Government organisation or as part

and concerned locals. This includesThis concernedand locals. the actual undertaking of the various theactual various of the undertaking apart from making making from apart work, their

yet to be conducted, from yetbe conducted, to

the current stage of the of currentthe stage the to stakeholders in the stakeholdersto in measures, there there measures, be finali be

participated in public public s ed for for ed Lily Y.M. YAM – “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” Approach for Urban Renewal 13 s s ’ ’ by

People First, “ With DURF’s DURF’s With ir acceptability acceptability ir the

be implemented as ing uring theuring 2 stages of s s submission to the ’ will etc. d t the early identification of of identification early t the

n implementation agency as agency implementation n URP for DURF Ma Tau Kok Nga Road, such as Ma Tau Tsin

aspirations and community interests at large at interests community and aspirations

are now more receptive to DURF’s role as an advisory advisory an as role toDURF’s receptive more now are

approach for urban renewal. renewal. for urban approach solid of After two years ” ” However, there is a need for DURF to public the for DURF there need ismanage a However, latter

to the URP, the better chance that the to theURP,

and reflects local large.

up approach has yet to be to be on the has much willassessed,up approach which depend very yet - Pak Tai Street, Lok Shan Street, Road Lok and Street Whampoa Pak Tai based, Public Participatorybased, s experience in formulating the URP so far has proved tha proved so far has URP in the formulating s experience s acceptability of the Urban Renewal Government of of extent Urban the the Plans and acceptability ’ Road, mobile van stationing in areas in pedestrian stationing mobilewithvan high flow areas Long work. and its of DURF permeability and the visibility increase also PE gradually stakeholders amongst the misunderstanding skepticism and work, hard persistent intoturn mutual understanding. Although DURF is still not a stakeholders, the the by aspired more to put eager views City their Kowloon are forth and for to prepare an help URP body understand that the they as refining proposals and the suggestions in revising concrete and render support they more DURF iswork, togoing submit Urban Renewal Plan the for City Kowloon to Government by 2013. of end the plan a to pilot truly deliver meet the of DURF that can The effectiveness the needs of the locals

it is a ‘People’s Plan’ that encompassesit Plan’ isa ‘People’s local characteristics and reflectslocal aspirations and at interests community to implementation plan. future the expectation with the of regard 3.3 plan early at formulation stage identify social impact To DURF in useful is proposals planning by preliminary be caused that may impact social possible mitigated have that elements incorporating DURP a prepare to the PS consultants facilitating measures. mitigation suitable propose ltants to consu SIA the and impact possiblethe social single package, a views forming proposals measures mitigation from and planning the With stakeholders andthe the again 2 were public sought PE Stage on the during the measures. mitigation and proposals the of received positive rather response Theoverall towith the regard direction general and approach the of is proposals indeed very useful in se their finali to proposals the consultants facilitating Government. 4. Conclusion first the and Renewal Strategy the Urban under creation new DURF new is a City Kowloon pilot DURF. all in experimental and are reali setup modus operandi Its - District adopting the bottom the adopting public’ DURF the that believed it is theimplementation of twithstanding, No proposals.

14 Planning & Development

WebsiteDURF UrbanKowloon City, for Plan Renewal Stage Engagement Digest, 2Public April 2013 UrbanKowloon City, for Plan Renewal Stage Engagement Digest, 1Public 2012 August Strategy, 2011 Renewal February Urban References respects. different the community for approach in of the planning alternative light on experiencecan some shed

(http://www.durf.org.hk)

Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 17

Planners, and

Hong Kong, and and Kong, Hong is a Fellow of the ais of the Fellow

EE planning (Cheung, (Cheung, planning

1 wun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Redevelopment Centre Town wun Tong Practitioner’s Experience Practitioner’s LEE Shu Wing, Ernest LEE Wing, Shu rector, Project, Kwun Tong Urban Renewal Authority face interviews, telephone surveys, public telephoneface surveys, interviews, forums, shows, road

- Di

to - the

is public engagement has become fashionable in the recent decades as

Project –a Project

all formula or rules (Leeds City Council 2006, RTPI 2010). With the the With 2010). Council 2006, RTPI City (Leeds rules or all formula - fits - size - table discussions,table shops, topicalidea debates, formal discussions committee so on. and listed and evaluated before a decision is made. In the present political environment in in political environment present the decisionIn a is made. before evaluated listed and LEE Shu Ernest Wing, Dr. an Honorary Associate Professor in Geography, the University of Hong Kong. Kong. Hong of University the Geography, L in Professor Dr. Associate Honorary an Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport, Member of the Hong Kong Institute of Institute Kong Hong the of Member Transport, and of Logistics Institute Chartered Registered Professional Planner Hong Kong. The views expressed are personal and do not represent those of of those represent not do and personal expressed are The views Kong. Planner Hong Professional Registered the Urban RenewalAuthority. Community Engagement inhe K t Engagement Community

1 Hong of that community is ableKong, degree being some Hong engagement regarded to as confer on policy the legitimacy making process, such as urban in and heritage Preamble the disturbance to life to my continuing due to daily live in working am As on this paper, I to Compared time. to time from ates reson rehabilitation, is under building the when flat my is centre town a of redevelopment the mansion, a of rehabilitation or flat a of renovation times morehundred complicated. While justified by need, up by backed and law supported controversial. socially and sensitive politically is renewal majority public opinion, urban by while engagement implementing in community his experience shares author the this paper, In Centre Project Kong. Redevelopment in Hong Town Tong Kwun the 1. Engagement Community or civic or Community be tool regarded outreaching can making. toan accountable, facilitate public decision an as It and iterative theparticipative process in which opinions stakeholders accessed,are optio of ns short- 2011). focus groups, envisioning forms: can take practice,different community engagement In surveys, face questionnaire round- is objectives, but there to achieve continuum techniques a and tools to of employ needs One no one advancement of electronic personal beyond gone also media, has engagement community the Centre of up (IMB for toolsBusiness Government). on-line catching are contacts,

18 Planning & Development plans. these wil engagement functionsConducting public Ordinance). evidentroad as objections is (Roads well as plansof andhearing schemes, gazetting openingandand thefor of need closure publicationof roads, making,depositing, for objections (s be open must government The councils. local district the advice of the seek newspapers, and planning ofthe government railway publish schemes, to the proposal has thein Gazette and route franchise take grantee account will into public views atcoun district cil meetings.In the bus from approving in a government applications Notwithstanding, userswith silent. is the (s. statute by specified is gran franchisetee authority betweenand approving the consultation thefranchised routes, bus (Townbefore deliberation planningboard town In planningofPlanning Board,the 2013). thecouncil district would require support of out, be to which have set planningparameters In Hong Kong, a land- 2. and dismiss mistrust. Transpa logistics. management of public engagement functions apt in timing requires strategies tactful and 24- era ofIn this public. the to accessible is the venue as long so legislature, at the council or the in media, district and ata a deliberation substance publicplace,publication of in schemes The can community forms andengagement differ. of venues Theydisplay range from of the subtle. be can distinguished from political lobbying, doctoring spin or though negotiations, the distinction of decision- com (Sheedy players of ‘listening’gather ‘consulting’ information, to and ‘engaging’ at discussions, participation with ‘informing to the or educating’, highest one of ‘partnering’, with the intermediate levels of engagementdifferentPublic involve can contacts.the lowest level levels from of Ranging hour blog news internet, free channels, reports, newspapers, boards, bulletin the effective munications, interactively and iteratively. consider Some thateven itmay permit sharing Consultation In Development rencyand are openness of qualities important engagement, help theywin support will

making power or prioritising responsibilities. But engagement should be But be engagement should responsibilities. prioritising or making power

.6, Railways Ordinance) and resolve ,

2008), the list can add on. Partnering engagement two- involves Partnering add can on. the list 2008), use planninguse thatrequires scheme the preparation of planning briefs in 12A, Public Bus Services Ordinance) but the need for consultation for the but need Ordinance) Services Bus 12A, Public

l facilitate acceptance and implementation of of implementation and acceptance facilitate l

them. Inthem. road planning,including way way Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 19

ted that generation - total a 1) allow ure Fig commercial block, and an commercial an and block, -

com - Ordinance). The urbanexecution of Ordinance). preparing of itsIn programme Authority Authority up areas by replacing old and dilapidated areas level public transport interchange, a hawker and bazaar, level retail block, a GIC - upon redevelopment, with residential 5 blocks providing 1,980 2 20, Urban RenewalAuthority

The Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project Redevelopment Centre Town The Tong Kwun s, public open space, a multi a space, s, public open gross floorgross area 401,250 of m proposals, its programme of implementation for projects, and budget, the URA is required to its implementationproposals, for of programme projects, and the budget, URA to attend set the follow out in URS.guidelines the requires The also Ordinance URA the public has therefore questions.URA answer The and council legislative the before important. more community the engagement make duties which accountability 3. first a 1960s as the built (KTTC) was in Centre Town Tong existing Kwun The 50 than more After 60,000 people. about population of a serving Kong, town in Hong new almost-fold. ten increased district has Tong of genericowth, years gr Kwun populationthe of complete KTTC of revamping. hub, the system is in transport need road a As 5.35 ha., theMeasuring 24 siteKTTC has buildings 1,650(about flats), is zonedand as a has site KTTC into the divided 5 Development The development URA comprehensive area. phased redevelopment. approved ( for layout plan Areas The master flat The redevelopmentThe of urban sites is a ofresponsibility the UrbanRenewal Authority (URA), housing of and include, alia, roles standard inter the to improve in statute 2001. up by set It’s built the environment and layout the build of - development Renewal (s.6, with new Urban it urban in is (URS), the which renewal strategy by isguided redevelopment stipula the URS, finalising before must government the that it public inconsult the such may manner determine (s. addition,In two- a tower. office/hotel in completed all to be podium to a structure, underneath provided are be carparks residents’ 14 years.

20 Planning & Development the project, 3 yearsthe project,allowed acquireto private for 3were treaty. negotiation by properties The stipulated by the legislative council weretheyear. made insame In view the of magnitude of offers acquire Formal int propertyBoard 2009. to in affected and the social impacts. The plan was master approved layout bythe Town Planning full In 2007,a and function the preserve toby as so stages go,redevelopment wouldbe one be in made property would interests Itresults. was agreed by URA the during publicengagement that,while offers acquire to prepare a master layoutplan, taking consideration into comments received earlier and survey survey toconducted.In commissioned opinion an architectural also 2007, was consultant was were for prepared at publicconsultation road- In three MLPs students. notional 2006, architectural of university thewere with help prepared conceptual schemes result, six 2005. As a was in centre. This town future survey ontheir an join aspiration council district inhabitants, members beingto invited and key stakeholders projectPrior to commencement 2007,community in engagement had already with begun, Figure 1: The Master Layout Plans of the Main Site and the Yuet WahStreet Site, the Kwun TongKwun TownProject Centre Redevelopment - scale census within the KTTC was done to ascertain the size of populationsize ascertain the done the KTTCto was within census scale vibrancyKTTC. of the shows visited byshows visited people, when 58,000 an erests,according valuation to criteria

Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 21

top - -provisioning to

elopment, their re full their elopment, acquired interests was done theby

and mitigation objections and their to of the due

and reversion of un- of reversion and backyard” sentiments; - ic/transport services and facilities was successfully completed without -jong schools;-jong my - -chaired users, on the-chaired facilities. GIC re-provision of 2010) E, S.W. (Lee in provision of public transport termini. The target population include those from the from provision those of population include public transport target termini. The - Engagement of residents prior to commencement of the project so as to gauge their to so gauge as project the of residents to of commencement prior Engagement Social and published results The (Departmentaspirations. were Social Work of Administration, 2006); owners, tenants, property roof groups, individuals target of and Engagement KTTC, as well as those in those as well as KTTC, its hinterland; occupiers, land of illegal occupiers time toand government from time; occupiers, forFocus groups transport andoperators, road potentialshows for users, road on upon and management measures, changes on bus route traffic and closure re of assistants, andgovernment and occupiers hawkers, of hawkers’ Engagement land;private Meetings and site tests for special clients, such as the blind, the aged and wheel District Council the Tong Kwun the and departments 9 government of Engagement offices for which were to be decanted for redev Engagement of specialists transplant of trees; and of on preservation Engagement game video centres as such trades, entertainment operators of special of Engagement and mah and URA’s committees, area council, district the local of members of Engagement interim furnished premises near the KTTC, and their customers; customers; their and the KTTC, near premises furnished interim stakeholders of Engagement “not-

a) b) d) c) e) f) h) i) j) g) legal process of resumptionof process legal in Government 2012. Demolition vacant reverted then of buildings followed. 2009 Between roads, closure of including schemes, and road on traffic stakeholders of engagement 2011, and traff of diversion by schemes The government approved inwere 2012 in Gazette. the objection. redevelopment KTTC The is complex involves in demolition it that old buildings not of only services, transport existing of public but maintenance also ones, new of erection and redevelopment. hygiene process and services facilities The environmental government during requires ‘decantation’, or interim venues, units work to or existingservices transferring of management. meticulous with and extensive change engagement stakeholders Community All above the work are to be done or concurrently in sequential order. implementation. following The facilitating and consensus is in building used engagement types of engagement are noby means exhaustive:

22 Planning & Development In emphasised thefollowing case,of engagement importance respect this and fromwere conditions their angles. theirand out spell needs check to site invited The wereevenings PWDs NGOs before when active, and themost construction. throughout checking users’continued the into Engagement needs. and evaluate to their routes access the NGOs serving engage PWDs, by the to efforts briefingspecial at them their offices, The URA considered thatthe needs of be these should catered people It as well. for made These peoplewith disabilities (PWD) were not representedat the district council. the wheelblind, was aware that the proposed site was close to social some welfare institutions serving the frequency, routeing,bus service URA The shelters. impacts, and fumepassenger noise and about were publicconcerns the main council, district at the agreed and was discussed the plan Tong a to Fuk GIC in reprovision site the terminus bus about 300metres away. Road, When searches of the and operator bus andURA engagement commuters, the proposed to 6terminating bus of relocation be first, requiring redeveloped theAccording development programme, theYuet to KTTC Wah Street Bus Terminus site is to 4.1 below illustratethe to different approaches taken. Rather thanthe covering engagement all overyears, work done the past 73cases are sha 4. was removed after engagement, due to concerns from a special school. The pavement was The was pavement school. special from a concerns engagement, duewas to after removed beeping device at a pedestriancrossing, afor provision standard people with hearing hardship, visually The impaired. the lp he to contrast, enhance to changed was tiles tactile of colour The 2). The pedestrian were routes revised after visits site with district councillors and PWDs. ( out were pointed PWDs the to after hazards certain safety interchange modified was declined were parties by certain use exclusive for requests example, For though. accepted, were compa from explaining the schemes from the technicalangles, skills soft -- k) Facilities for persons with a disability Case Sharing

ssion anddesignersssion putting the in PWD’s the shoes -- , while some were accepted after fine after accepted were some while , district advisorydistrict committee, and adviceand forsupport, monitoring the URA’s creatingnewengagement work, challenges. in stance independent an take to tend which teams service social with Liaison - chair bound, and people requiring special care, who were also bus users. andchair people bound, requiring care, special who were alsousers. bus

- tuning. Thepublictran layoutofsport the

were deployed. Notallrequests were deployed.

routes. In after extensive 2008, routes. attentiveness, patience, patience, attentiveness, - through. Apart

Fig ure red red

Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 23

KTMC) ly elected district provisioned. Whenprovisioned. -

show in 2006, residents accepted the inshow 2006, residents accepted

zoning application, application, zoning newa - inic (KTJCC) which will be re be will which (KTJCC) inic district council subsequently district councilagreed subsequently in same the year

ns were made. The extra work paid off. So it was a So a it was off. paid extra work The made. ns were in feedback functions. The PWDs invited to the site were were site to the functions. invited PWDs The in feedback - provisioned at the vacant land underneath the elevated MTR underneath land elevated the provisioned vacant the at - assessed the by stakeholders themselves. Site trials revealed

term substitute heroin for is addicts, drug dispensed users to registered -

The methadone clinic and the NIMBY syndrome NIMBY the and clinic methadone The win situation. win - provisioning of the KTJCC (which includes the Kwun Tong Methadone Clinic -- Tong Kwun KTJCCprovisioning the the of includes (which - Figure 2: Layout of the Fuk Tong Road PTI Before and After Community Engagement Community After and Before Road PTI Tong 2: Layout of Fuk the Figure that the KTMC could be re be KTMC could that the Road Roundabout. is It about 50 metres the from / Road Hoi Yuen the at Tong Kwun Station henceexisting one should not hardship cause to the users which were about 300 in number. Planning to rezoneBoard is land zoned The planning“road”, a hence application to Town the it to “GIC” had to be made. 2008, beforeIn the TPB to was consider the re 4.2 built model has This engagement changes The facilities. finished the test and agent, site the to comments their out air to asked were agreed, made and re- inadequacies and timely rectificatio win aMethadone, as short Club Cl Jockey Tong Kwun existing the at re in- a proposed road site was Street Wah to Yuet the KTJCC to KTMC. The the but objected to site mobilised trying opposition, to Roundabout the close constituency in a councillor to userswidened tosteer enable wheelchair their Newways tree more plantations easily. were replaced by potted plantsto facilitatewheelchair users.

24 Planning & Development was performed byURA. 2006. in The upheld after the Council decision deliberation ag an as deliberated repeatedrefused and mitigating explanations budge matter to despite measures. The had be to councillor district Politically, local the needed. again was MTRC the of engagement area, convinced accept to thelayout, revised and itdid. As the site is within the railway protection the was Roundabout proposed ( In site. provide orderto a steppingpotential opposer, stone for the use of a different part of URA be the located, the Roundaboutcould other acceptablesites revisit to choice but had no After publicengagement, and this consultation Governmentwithin which advised thatno scratch. from reconsideration for asked vociferouslegislator, objectors, the of who wasthe proposal, supportive changed and position councillor,district when 800people turned up.TheyIn votedtheir with feet. front of the In URA May 2009,the project teamweekend attend‘seminar’ a organised by the local clinic fortheir in backyard drug too. addicts follow clarifications during deploring the URA, despite mounted, were and Banners posters objections. musteringlocal in constituency quick was However, asnews as soon this was councillor district broken,the in the Yau Street Shun GIC. zoned already is it since approval neednot planning would site this was UseGovernment. recommended of bythe KTJCC, alternative A sites. Yau in site GIC Street, Shun which about 1km is from the existing The TPB disapproved rezoning and directed the application the URA other exhaust to backyard (NIMBY) was strong. controversThe However, was the councillor un- councildistrict which supportedhad it dulyaccount into taken the interests of residents. was thatthecouncillor Site as convince to good him as URA council. district given The by previous reverse the the support engaged novice the had expected. Thea large neighbourhood, middle URATPB. was feasibility Theadvice of exploring the strongreaction the wasonthe enda item at district the council meeting. Anotherengagement of wave Fig convinced. The viewbe not my thatthein convinced. The should KTMC ure

3). The government user had department be first to - class residential estate, wouldnot like to see a y was covered the in press.

- the existing one, and the one, previous existing the up engagementmeetings the that Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 25

linic C nning and nning and scale engagement - month period the in which plan exhibited was for - Reprovision of the Kwun Tong Methadone Tong Kwun the of Reprovision Figure 3: Sites Considered in the in Considered Sites 3: Figure

the of for rezoning part approval Planning Board’s Town council, district the support of With Full treaded more cautiously. Roundabout site was again sought. The URA 2 made. the stakeholders During was of 000 were Of 6,000 were Board. these by the received were representations consultation, 8,500 some application with approved planning conditions. The was supportive. pla in sentiments “NIMBY” of tackling the difficulties illustrates case This to is private needsengagement. hard interests. public and whencompromise something But It won URA preparations. most will the elaborate and strong with a done be it to done, has to be its Town of support. The public and work, this meticulous engagement because battle project team Planning hadBoard misjudged local the objection in 2008, by advising the URA to try another site thereby triggering obstacles. more off NIMBY By then the reactions were made, to technical in be ittime.When good a must made ought decision be too big.

26 Planning & Development ,870 m about 3,870 Measuring later). redeveloped be Area will 4(which was in the KTTC itself -- The only practical decanting site forfacilities GIC that could be identified near KTTC the were question. of out the rest of space gardensthestops, KTTC, flowerbeds, or outside convertedrelocation or from clear.reprovision together was Temporary ‘make earlier. vacated be 78carparkse to with wouldhav m gross floorwhich areaand occupieda thecouncilof district total 6,500 site. GIC all allow not does available space the so, Even Tong Kwun and the government departments major indeed. Council, stakeholders District for wish engaged, one their facilities were GIC users theWhen operatorsof and un- of the fornot residential sites is This decantation of population. nearbystakeholders accommodate be to to displaced. have The KTTCthe does privilege not In re planningfor GIC Decantation of facilities 4.3 when the oppositions new commissioned. required, is KTMC possible mitigate to ofNevertheless, stakeholders Follow engagement stop. not did ,000 m Phasewhich be in 2.About6,000 will redeveloped and They atoilets point. refusecollection are3 of the Areas Main Development 2andSite, in stands used by green routes, publicand hawker 19red 120stalls, minibus about with bazaars several PLB used routes, by9bus including space,franchised termini publicopen bus 2 facilities, GIC of spectrum afull has KTTC The different. is facilities GIC of case The could rent flats nearby. use the compensation received buy to of their choices, accommodation better and tenants Use of this Site for decanting ( development of a large scale, suitable decanting sites should be available available be should sites decanting suitable scale, alarge of development

the Kwun Tong OfficesGovernment B

Fig ure ) also means that the 9 government means departments thatthe4) 9 also - facilities to be accommodated in the same same the in accommodated be to facilities

shift’ sites, such as kerb 2 of interim decanting space is needed. is space decanting interim uilding Site in Development - up reports were made, as as made, were reports up acceptable if owners owners if acceptable 2 , the Site was home to 9 to wasSite home , the 2

- of office spaces officeof spaces sides, on- could street street - off off

Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 27

Project

Redevelopment ons on terms and standard ofons on terms standard and and Mido Mansion Sites for for and Sites Mido Mansion Redevelopment, the Kwun Tong Town Centre Centre Town Tong the Kwun Redevelopment, e of the Government Offices Building s Decanting of Hawker stalls, Bus and Minibus termini, and Public Toilets Toilets Public and termini, Minibus and Bus stalls, Hawker of Decanting During provisioning, fitting out works, and migration of offices to new the premises. outprovisioning, migration whole fitting and The works, offices of - operators. commercial that of from different was the users of government engagement The postneeds office (examples include Some were requirements to unique departments’ the teams). for control hawker had offices They to be and at should be which ground floor, persuaded to accept the interim office premises at locations which were limited in choice. The also rejects requestsURA for facilities which are entitlements. above the departments’ Engagement was intensive. There were hard negotiati re Figure 4: U took 2.5 a to about short time the exercise record government. according years, special were premises, interim readyWhen departments these the government to into move of their users publicengagement customers, of users (e.g. post of office centres enquiry Home Affairs Department) had to be made to mitigate complaints due to the changed building was The locations. and demolished Governmentthen office reconstructed into an a terminus for minibus green PLB red and hawker a interim bazaar, complex comprising collection public toilet refuse a above point. a routes, hawkers decantation for customers, and their and to government departments Compared

28 Planning & Development organised new venue. publicise the to bazaar. interim migrate the to helpapproved them to be campaigns would Special promotion A was assistance hawkers’ cash understanding. assist relocation to made were models meetings coverIn to were expanded the population. full maps and to addition diagrams, 3- engagement To meetings. some eng and consensus, build avoid misunderstanding at explained details technical the appreciate not could hawkers’Some representatives requirement, only newalthoughanother is away. publictoilet 50m added be to has a toilet abuilding, in is bazaar the As accepted. was air barrier (a lift the of top on added was escalator an concern, double- badly,was bazaar received However level a even split arguingcustomers like not did that difference and the the road to north. the site level between split a as designed is bazaar the Site, later,met. To were requests the of size andfor the space need between the compromise compromise and for the sake of of orderly the the hawkersite to interim decantation bazaars and low The retention of the bazaars a is requirement of stakeholders, was as it considered thathigh well. which is impossible needed, be will area larger amuch that means requests the to Acceding Government. the aisle (the existing stalls ais exposure in are row hence of 4 similar to the Chinese character 3x were some for stalls (existing feet 6 by feet 4 measure should stalls all that demanded bazaar. hawker the hawkers of The thedesign A is example classic compromised and compact. the more be new interim faciliti to have es heavily was design layout retained, be to had which trees mature some has Site the government of standards.the size decantation The cannot site be expanded. Plus the fact that other hand, the URA’s criterion one- reprovision was were On tolerated. the expansions unauthorised licences andthe of entitlements such their beshould carefullyyears the managed. Over theyhad activities beyond also expanded their claim that they have established their roots in the KTTC overy the also they but welcomed, is renewal hence dilapidation of astate in are 2 Area Development minibus operators demand different engagement techniques.existing Their facilities in - conditioning was made, but not supported by other hawkers; so mechanical ventilation ventilation mechanical so hawkers; byother supported not but made, was conditioning

deck Several markets. meetings rounds of engagement were To added. allay - As a As after redevelopment. for shoppers available be to end had commodities

as the Site has to be shared by minibuses and public hygiene facilities as as facilities hygiene public and byminibuses shared be to has theSite as ‘田’, so each that stall will h - level facility, takingadva limited). The requests supported are by for - one, and according prevailingone, to - free facility). A facility). free for request

5), be to laid in out a group as a Building Departmentas a ntage of the 2.5m level of thelevel 2.5m ntage ears, hence any changes changes any hence ears, ave two sides facing the the facing sides two ave

agement agement the the D Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 29

down can plans -

fficient, or the compensation policy unfair. In fact In unfair. policy compensation the or fficient, ity Engagement Strategy Strategy Engagement ity Allow sufficient time for proposals to brew. In order to identify to order identify In proposals time for to brew. Allow sufficient

which case they would they allowance case which more from while get URA) the

-- In the present political climate in Hong Kong, top Kong, Hong in climate political present the In --

enerate misunderstanding. misunderstanding. enerate shortfalls, facilitate deliberations, prevent mismatch of facilities, and reduce abortive abortive reduce and facilities, of mismatch prevent deliberations, facilitate shortfalls, do not side, time is push notIf through. on your early. start work, easily g Engage early Bottom up

e are entitled to their views. The URA’s work,engagement professional and are e views. toentitled their The URA’s Limitations The KTTC Commun KTTC The owned premises (in b) a) - agement is restricted. restricted. is agement authorised structures and public pavements. In these cases, the scope for amicable scope cases, the for these public pavements. structuresIn and authorised ffective community engagement requires a practical The main strategies strategy. adopted in the URA’s compensation policy is as good as, if not better than, government’s. Some government’s. is as, than, as not if better good compensation policy URA’s the their in live that they may argue owners Certain reality. and myth the illustrate will examples self Old For Concern Joint Forum’s Workers “Social (see criticised is URA the time, to time From Kong to Rights”, This avoid. is 2007). is hard andDistrict an Hong society open Living peopl it is, topeople-oriented is public scrutiny. open when is first The situations. two in help satisfactorily not may engagement Community insu is compensation the that claim owners eng 5. records have that show actual rented they their to tenants premises whoruthlessly were premises the had site but is that they the Some claim actually occupiers bought away. driven land. SomeGovernment shop owners that claim compensation the is not to buy enough or rent premises of the same size nearby; the fact is that the site have they been using include un- destructs network, disrupts social that allege URA the who situation people isAnother from old the by Changes heritage, local area. unavoidable redevelopment. are in a gentrifying After their out anxious of ownersmove of were KTTC toconfirmed, redevelopment was with leaky buildings flooded dilapidated concrete, floors spalled ceilings, sewage. and smelly be may the gentrification concern to take eager up public housing. were Interestingly, Tenants who KTTC people the have out who notfrom moved of or long ago, have lived in at KTTC capsule a in time town centre a dilapidated putting people advocate to unjust is for all. It world the do not wish of on. residents rest when the while and genuine to is stay moving, 6. E following: the in summarised are Project KTTC the

30 Planning & Development engagementbe representedfollowing modelmay bythe formula: aelements successfulcommunity managing of theexperience KTTCFrom ofproject, the g) f) e) h) d) c)

Be practical Be warnings be followed received up. should Following than one-off, big- project talents of different backgrounds. Acentre, of display resource with 3 All their views. share and given face the away.appreciate moved have They they though even events resources support. resources support. areasonableAllow budget for engagement ex helpprovide later. useful some InKTTC, them as partners. and treat Retain them, engage Partnering and disability, mah operators, passengers, hawkers, transport with occupiers, operators, shop people cases tenants, owners, KTTC, property of Identify and connect ifrn tgso lnigadipeetto. different stages of planningand implementation. at connected engagement for and are identified journalists and servants, politicians - - owners and ex weather, 360degree engagement Where Where E

documents, seminar rooms, help desks, will help. Regular rooms,helpdocuments, desks, seminar will are contacts better CE

-through T, F, H, V P, S, C, M, R

= People-oriented, people- --People-oriented, E A A V H F Timing.= T R M M C S P ce

= Appraisal, following Appraisal, = = Venuewherework engagement the conduc is ted = Human resourcesinput, seniority representation of input Financial = = Reaching outway atransparent in = Multi = = Compassion, caring, corrective consensus, actions = Skillsets depending deployed, circumstances on = Preparation ( = Effective community engagement bang campaigns. +A ------tenants are invited to the resource centre to celebrate milestone milestone celebrate to centre resource the to invited are tenants – – - Engagement after does stop not a Feedback milestone. and media presentation skills presentation media Allow for sufficient time, do not rush not do time, sufficient for Allow DifferentIn be clients should identified and connected. the

-- , options, feasibility study) feasibility options, , envisioning

Sustained linkages with ‘ with linkages Sustained -

through, feedback

-- first, are just slogans. not

The URA engagement personnel comprises comprises URA personnel The engagement Thereno time is limit.

, including financial, time and time financial, human, including

-jong

willing stakeholders

school operators,

- D models ’ civil

and and can can Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 31

through back,through underpinned time and by good reporting - acceptance, delays and social discordance. 7. Conclusion is justifiedrole by engagement partial urban and of isCommunity part redevelopment. It’s results, opinion of proposals, survey acceptance district urbansupport at design traffic and processing issues, and resolution acquisition, timely clearance rate of the of meetings, council complaints. of but not expensive hardware, are engagements community effective of ingredients The prepared schemes, an patiently and professionally include These skills. soft extensive of use approaches in caring and the stakeholders, of compassionate of wishes understanding specialhandling stakeholders, and perseverance in of face oppositions. The execution policy with following pragmatic, should be management. Support of the management by reasonable resources allocation by reasonable Support resources The of management management. the is needed. of opposition costs expended risks of time because and reduced during gainful are delays and complaints, manageable respect stakeholders, and from cooperation clearance, acquisition and scheme risks of the will outweigh benefits implementation. The smoothened and non-

32 Planning & Development Planning Briefs”. Briefs”. Planning Town Planning Board (2013): “TPB PG 建，市區重建服務彙編》, Urban of WorkersSocial Forumt Join Networks. Research Sheedy, Engagement: onCitizen , Canadian Handbook Consultation Beyond A. (2008): Policy Schemes Development Royal Town in Engagement Practice Public to (2010):Institute GoodGuide Planning LawsRoads (works, and Chapter Compensation) UseOrdinance, Hong 370, Kong. of RailwaysLawsKong. Chapter of Ordinance, Hong 519, BusPublic Laws Services of Ordinance,Hong 230, Kong. Chapter public” Leighninger:Matt (undated): “ Kong. Conference onTransport Disability. with People for andMobility a with for Disability and Commuters Persons Lee, S.W.E. (2010): Leeds CommunityPolicy Engagement City(2006): Council University HongChinese). Kong (In of ReportPublic Consultation Law, W.T., Chui, C.K, Wong, Y.C. Tong Kwun et al., (2006): Town Centre Redevelopment and Continuity”. Public andDevelopment,Administration 113-121. 31: Cheung, T.Y. Peter (2011) “ References 塘市中心公眾諮詢報告》。 IBM Centre theGovernment. Business for of . Redevelopment Services Redevelopment

(Downloaded from website on 4 June 2013), Hong (Downloaded 4June Kong. on from website

, London, UK. , “ Community Engagement in Provision of Public Transport of Public Provision in Engagement Community Inte Civic Engagement the in Policy Proce ’ 香港大學社會工作及社會行政學系，2006 s Concern For Concerns 立法會議員張超雄辦事處出版。 , DepartmentSocial Work of and Social Administrati Using on- Using . (In Chinese). 關注舊區住屋權益社工聯席：《書寫重 (In Chinese). . 羅致光、徐永德、黄於唱、李迦密、高淑芬：《 . No. 39: – engage to – line tools Old District Living Rights ” , ConsultationWith District Councils On Paper presented the to . United Kingdom. . United Kingdom. and be engaged – by and be ss in Hong Kong: Change Hong in Kong:Change ss TRANSED 2010,Hong (2007) 年

10 11 th : International 月。 Compendium rchange rchange on, the the 觀 Ernest LEE – Community Engagement in the Kwun Tong Town Centre Redevelopment Project 33

” Zone. Authority Chapter of 563Ordinance, Kong. Hong the of Authority Laws Comprehensive Development Area (1) Application Site Main – S16A Centre Town Renewal(2012): TheUrban Authority Kwun Tong Redevelopment in Comprehensive for Class AmendmentsB to for Permission Approved “ Urban Renewal

34 Planning & Development 1 Engagement, BasedPublic Participation, District Partnership, Approach Keywords renewal. urban such bottom o effectiveness the determining are factors what at looks paper This beautify. and preserve rehabilitate, redevelop, to where including renewal, district's the of strategy and scope F Renewal Urban the “District Government established The has Presently, an is step there important forward. areas. public for management re community for in agents the asthey the would act andconsultation role of set up independentor local district committees whichg would need to local andinadequate residentstackling with consultation to involvementof problemsis of the One of way regeneration. urban ofaspect asuccessful is keyCommunity development renewal Renewal projects by Urban (UAuthority although improving stepsin have positive the situation recent been in undertaken urban The the in urban involvement of residents renewal still a is partnership major problem, a is before made there havedecisions been key thatthe Kong is renewal urban Hong in the community in glaring problemsinvolving in theOne most of Abstract

University of Hong Kong Dr. Dr. Community NG Ka

- chui, Isaac chui, - up community the in context of approach the changing participation features of

based -based orum” (DURF)orum” planlocal ato with with resident purpose participation the is the Lecturer the is . . Approaches asthe toKey Renewal: the Practice and

Potential for Hong Kong at theSchool Continuing of and NG Ka NG -chui, Isaac -chui, RA). RA).

ycnatwt oa eiet. contactwithny local residents. Professional o beyond the traditional o beyond

Education Education - establishing a of the City the of f

Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 35

, Ashgate. . The search for for search . The 2 , Oxford University Press,

. Community participation board enjoys . Community vely with local communities in identifying identifying in communities local with vely s to owned their needs”meet

. 3 ability of future future generation of ability

ble development has become one of the popular buzzwords in the late 1990s. 1990s. late the buzzwords popular in the of one become has development ble

Urban Renewal in Hong Kong: Nature and Scope and Nature Kong: Hong in Renewal Urban Introduction Our Common Future Common Our (1987), Development and Environment on Commission World Liverpool in Regeneration Urban and Planning Challenge: and Change of City (2000) C. Couch, p. 8. p.

2 3

2. solutions to a sustainable city or sustainable urban form has been the subject of several the several of been subject has urban form sustainable or city sustainable solutions a to views and contradictory and Varied by privategovernments. studies, promoted organizations it debate provides healthy a about approaches the thesefrom studies; emerged however, have serious the about a baseconcern and knowledge the best towards contribute that may urban city. our environment our of and protection the of surviving capacity the has is as identified which sustainableone a city this paper, In of and change, process at time to address same the implementation comprehensive in the a social economic, towards wider way equitable which to more of renewal responds urban way communityand concerns. face In of a variety of urban renewal programmes labelled differently and exhibiting attempts have characteristics, several been madecontrasting by scholars to provide spectrum these for of wide urban classifications the definitionsrenewal and accounting programme and policies unthinkablewould be It to discuss urban renewal to without referring community local the the for need the Since 21st Century engagement. public and participation one to be ofcommunity players in urban key the projects increasingly has renewal been seen as a necessary prerequisite of effective renewal 1. or URA policy maker, to HKSAR find Government’s is difficult political support. It from therepresentatives concern oppose who groups principle, the many although bemay effecti and closely to work how about uncertain problems. local have project) Street Tung the (i.e. ChaiLee district people Wan Recently, which exists for tremendousneighborhoods the withindemonstrated energy amount of action. community innovative Sustaina quoted often Development,the Commission and on Environment to World According needs the without the of is achieve “to present development sustainable definition of the compromising

36 Planning & Development 9 8 7 6 5 4 bureaucracy of aspects the in discussed be Duck Corporation” or However, there are many on criticisms the LDC operation. and its The LDC standsfor “Lame process Public- relies whichonthe (1990) argue thatthe workLDC of the as “a a cityrestructuringis dynamic programme achieve the results bestin transformation possible of the Hong Kong theboth publicand private sectors, the urban programme and commercializing renewal to To achieve tasksas one thesethe its Corporation of objectives, sees combining the efforts of policy.has of becomeand the urban agentthe major the instrument renewal leading commercial prudent independent with accordance in statutorybodyoperating principles.It an was LDC The participation. sector private facilitate and renewal urban up speed to order GovernmentInLand Corporation Hong Development Kong (LDC) set upthe 1988,the in government. control of centra and the direct under singlethe agencies private through function sector policy and forthegovernment towards initiative urban transferring awayfrom shift, renewal ofinstruments urban aIt fundamental renewal Hong policyin Kongthe in 1980s. reflected approach priv the the potentialof about ideasand American influencedby European Hong Kong’s context, In this were heavily 1990s the in evolved strategies renewal urban public policy delivering of means effective amore represents it that belief genuine a than funding access to model enlargement organization’sindividual her in budget Mackintosh as suggested by activities, budgets and each safeguarding of ameans as primarily regarded often is partnership that reveals particular locality. Analysisof parties’ for redevelopment aspirations projects, however, interes an with parties together bring to seeks it because beneficial financially and politically being as perceived is “Partnership” of concept the Nevertheless,

Kong. Hong Workshop Kong, Asian of Hong ersity Southeast and Univ 88, Conference Cap Plenary 5th Development 251 Use/Transport Interaction, Interaction, Use/Transport Publisher, New York.New Publisher, Far East Economic Review (1991) Lame DuckStill Hops, November 7, 1991. pp.3 Kong, Hong in Corporation Development Land the and Renewal Urban (1988). A. Razack, Walzer, Public B. D. (1998) N.and Jacobs, Too (1994) and A. Tickell, J. Peck, Partners Many ( M. Mackintosh, Pryor, E. G. and Robb, B. D. (1990) Metroplan Metroplan G.(1990) Pryor, E. D. B. Robb, and - 65.

6 . Urban Development Corporations (UDC) were the most prominent of(UDC) the most were Corporations the . Urban Development 5 . 1992) Partnerships: Issues of Policy and Negotiation. Local Economy Negotiation. and Policy of Issues Partnerships: 1992) 4

. Commitment to partnership to may. Commitment more a have therefore dowith to desire

“Let’s Developer with Care” with “Let’s Developer Planning andDevelopment

Pr rtnership” Pa ivate - Private Pa Private - - the Future for Regeneration Partnerships, Local Economy Partnerships, for Regeneration Future the public interaction: (i) control and accountability, - ,

6, 46 6, A Frameworkfor City Growth: Some views on Land rtnership for Local EconomicDevelopment - 61. 9 . Problems associated with the LDC can LDC can the with associated Problems .

8 .

, 7 t in redeveloping in t a , 210 7 - ate . Pryor and Robb - 224. led partnership - 7 in Planning and and Planning 7 in

, Praeger, , 9 l ,

Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 37 called

Authority stone forstone the -

, building and works and , building relocated community is community relocated related. - and transition; the URA must must URA the transition;

-be- providing a stepping a providing reas of the LDC were limited by her her by limited the were of LDC reas

way partnership under a more visionary and partnership and a visionary more under way - public interface level, problems link to the concept problems level, link concept topublic interface the - m”. All these problems are inter are problems these All m”.

up” approach. up” The a working - . up” approach. The former implementation mechanisms (i.e., the LDC) were not were implementation the (i.e., LDC) former mechanisms The approach. up” 10 , GovernmentKong Hong in Printer, Renewal Hong Urban (1996) Kong. Government Kong Hong

10 regeneration of a sustainable community. Three sustainable a community. of regeneration suggested but the supplement to would not urban overwhelm, approach renewal URA The “bottom- for “bottom the designed

(ii) public participation and top down implementation approach, (iii) lack of (iii) lack appreciation of approach, implementation top down and participation public (ii) bureaucracy need. At the community the of “constituent”, “client”, and “victi no the given Government has in resources, and expertise. Moreover, capability powers, then to the supportLDC. guidance framework, and policy from still suffer is URA the But action? remedial the with no then by LDC issues encountered the the in criticisms Among past decade, to what extent has failed the to URA address the to is ironically in most conflict the issues, which of debatable with so- the one by the approach” Kong highlighted This Hong inquiry government. “people-centered ongoing attempts to gain a better understanding of how “people” and “community” are perceived alternately in the discourses around these debates. positive A seriously. engagement and elements public participation essential of the consider Public opinion Kong. in Hong taken should be engagement and on public participation view but block as stumbling a as should viewed not be of improve for life quality Kong. the in can Hong robust approach people the

urban fact, the In policy is currently renewal throughgoing a 3. Urban Renewal Model of Kong’s Hong Transformation the urban of criticisms slowdown and with a society, renewal from in pace Faced the the new The in2001 to replace LDC. announced URA to up the Government set urban renewalwill with tackle a ofcombination Government financial wider and support agency all in one’ an’ shouldbe sites. Thus, URA the to secure red to through cut tape powers l in planning, operation professional and expertise in of terms matters

38 Planning & Development redevelopment. Although with a lot of limitations, the communit perspectives of urban renewal which focus provided different for renewal urban community has model The based onthe discussion 5. city”. development residents of the and local community butphysical revitalization also concern and economic renewal on concern onlynot on renewal urban thatis based of community model anhas ideal provided urban renewal which requires involvementof different approach This parties and stakeholders. It stress urbanin also community renewal. involvement c in established are principles These g. f. e. d. c. b. a. This (Duncanand 2000,P.29)Thomas, community to: thewith primary stakeholders tasksfor the in renewal described process as working the with significantthe most factor ensuring in the genuine involvement of the community renewal, as emerges engagement givenpublic above, renewal urban experience of Building the past on aLong as Renewal Urban Community Based Term City Strategy Sustainable 4.

of urban renewal and to allow forofof urban allthe andthe strategic allow achievement to renewal objectives. ascheme in encompassed aims the between balance abroad maintain to order in resources different of additionalof resources provision redirection or maythe speeds;require the this at progress make to likely are astrategy of elements various the that reality the Recognize Provide reliableinformation;and and necessary working theChoose simple process; and clearly arrangements, throughout communicate comprehensive consensusPromote participation throughand early and partnership; development; economic and development physical development, social Balance Take along renewal; urban for approach local Seek resources community-based for activity andprojects through acapacity plan.” building structuresparticipatory andimplement acomprehensive programme and support of “… ogtr rcs fubnrnwl oee,ta eurs ofrenewal, process aurban however, long-term as described requires: is that An Ideal Model of Community

identify priorities, develop a community vision or plan, establish consultative and consultative establish plan, or developidentify priorities, vision community a - term strategic of community development; Based Urban Renewal Urban Based ommunity

on community renewal rather than physical physical than rather renewal community on

based urban renew urban based -- es to achieve what we call “sustainable “sustainable call we what achieve to

on the multidimensional aspectson the of multidimensional

y based urban renewal is not not is renewal urban y based the long term impactand al which stress on al

Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 39

. Although they have centered, it shouldbenefit the affected -

LDC and URA’s physical approach of urban renewal renewal approach urban physical of URA’s and LDC physical renewal. LDC and URA, the following aims to provide an ideal model of model ideal and an aims to theURA, provide following LDC

room for improvement. With reference to the experience of the urban renewal of to experience the urban the reference With improvement. for room integrated urban should incorporaterenewal three dimensions; they are economic Physical Renewal Economic Renewal Social Renewal

real

some some c. b. Physical environmental are improvement, re themes;development major they three has community of landmarks preservation and arrangement. rehousing isIt similar to the it economic, local of competitiveness the stimulate and improve to aims renewal Economic scheme, upgrade labour retraining industry traditional as programmes such the includes scheme and loan scheme which can help the local economic to regain it competitiveness and attractiveness. Social renewal is a comprehensive renewal programme aims to improve the social of term individual community a the itconditionas individual and of whole. renewal, In programmes includes as such retraining, employment services, compensation and development should community of term includes be arrangement. rehousing In building, such rehabilitation. community cultural and as programmes preservation provided social services for the affected community, there without comprehensive are any community, affected the for services social provided the to helps improve which programme renewal economic and substantial social and community. and social affected economic the condition of overall A renewal, social renewal and only focuseson the physical redevelopment of urban decay areas Firstly, urban renewal should be community be should renewal urban Firstly, community: theIn current practice, both the then a.

totally impossible in the context of Hong Kong. However, from impossible experiment intotally the there to reality is context Kong. Hong of However, still

programmes done by the done then programmes urban renewal. based community The real communitybased urban renewal has two important characteristics: A.

40 Planning & Development B. 12 11

Cooper, C. and Hawtin, M TownRoyal the of Journal USA. in Planning A the (1971) R. ofCitizen S. Participation Arnstein, Ladder Institute of Housing. of Institute Institute, 57, 176- management theyproblem by the this in UK, types three of overcome developing than one Writing dimension. from of tenant the perspective participation publichousing in suggest itis impossible that to constructa hierarchy becauseon more vary the processes l Furthermore, process. arerenewal the in urban publicparticipation LDC, found of the onlyelementary levels the Inalso ontheArnstein’s placea outcome. restriction short,if the to case of idea applied is may that factors external of set awhole are there and influence of level final the determine Inover set. the wayis necessarily thewordsof not budget participation the other form does spent may,is be lessempoweringgiving illustration, influence residents of than byway may be severelycircumscribed. Delegating the responsibility decide to how a budget small received the views of influence if processwith However, power they confusingconflate because some arerespects models in of sorts these influence. degreetherefore, power. uponthe participant based modelis, of This community of levels high have end participants all. Atthe upper at if present minimal, of influence thethe level lowest point end. at theis andAt over other outcomes decisions control direct participants have they with information about theirwhere to services, a level The idea, brief, in thatthere is a is scale of involvement,from merely As mechanism of different community in participation stages renewal. urban of own its decide can which participant active an a urbanIn communitypolicyreceiver, just a not communityrenewal, real is based also but Second place. development of andof the thesense preservation new of balance the on emphasizes However, it renewal. urban of approach physical current Arnstein 216) andeconomicthe political processes, be included to the deliberately in future “ “The redistribution“The power of enables that have ly

, the 11 (1971) claims thatcitizen claims participation (1971) is predicated on:

12 Effective be to has Participation Mechanism Community of 182. . So, for. So, example, a is consultation process high which may degrees permit adders of participation are also are participation of adders

(1998) ‘Resident involvement and Community Action, Coventry: Chartered Chartered Coventry: Action, Community and involvement ‘Resident (1998)

are noted and acted upon, whereas ‘delegated power’ ‘delegated whereas upon, acted and noted are c future. Thus, there should be an effective be an should Thus,there future. riticized byriticized et al Cairncross (1997) who - not citizens,prenot

sently excluded from excluded sently providing providing (p. Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 41

. d 13

) conducted by the by the conducted )

Cairncross et al construct

bout information given mensions, participation - Has delegated power in local affairs withJoint authority making the decision opinion seek change and Organize on feedback Supportplan and Learning a consumptionService Non The Participation’s Action Resource and Administrative Control

up institution enhance the community participation participation community the up institution enhance - tion. The citizenshiption. The model is predicated on increasing the or Community Based Urban Renewal? Urban Based Community or f

ting mechanisms of participation that provide tenants with higher higher tenants with provide that participation of mechanisms ting to plan the scope and strategy of the district’s renewal, including including renewal, of district’s scope the to the and plan strategy

are 71, pp. 216-223. 71, pp. 216-223.

this proposed bottomthis proposed

Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation and the Participant’s Action Participant’s and the Participation of Ladder Arnstein’s

recommended to establish the“District Urban Renewal Forum” (DURF)

could could has r methods (from letter writing to to writing letter interaction.tenant (from methods structures upon or This is based Delegated Power Partnership Placation Informing Therapy Levels and Ladder of Participation andLevels Ladder Table 1: 1: Table Is DURF the Best PracticeIs DURF Source: ArnsteinSource: 19 4 Consultation 3 2 1 Manipulation 8 Citizen Control 7 6 5

Urban Renewal Strategy Review Exercise (i.e. started from June 2008)

tenant representation); processes providing information representation); (from toprocesses tenant and giving control); such betterobjectives, housingas housing moreand and choice management, power to and satisfaction.tenants tenant From these three di landlord- three ideal types of participation; namely, traditionalist, consumerist and citizenship models. models. citizenship and consumerist traditionalist, namely, participation; of types ideal three to political relate the adopted and processes structures that the thesis is the summary, In administra local of the culture that move processes adopts and tenants powers consequently of structures and collective They simple forms. aim to as consultative shift such the feedback mechanisms beyond balance of power by adop influence. of levels the Urban Renewal Strategy Review’, HKSAR Government, Hong Kong. Development Bureau (2010) ‘Public and Future Views Direction, Paper for the Consensus Building Stage of

t out a few principles that influentially contribute to the the to contribute influentially here that principles would likeabove, few to a poinI t out effectiveness of the DURF: The DURF of purposes The where to redevelop, rehabilitate, participation. resident preserve local and with beautify Nevertheless, projects? renewal in urban the engagement and provide concepts two basic on the Building 13 6. Government Government

42 Planning & Development Principle 5: Principle 4: Principle 3: Principle 2: Principle 1: Preserve andpromote sense place: of sense and community of the Balanceandphysical renewal the economic social, the affected for community: affected Put the in center individual communityrenewal: urban of and decision approach This making process. of requires active involvement most important element in the process is the community participation in the of and comprehensiveof partnership participation different The stakeholders. partnership: Promote consensus through early andcomprehensive and participation DURF may involve manydifferent inte government involvement; and long investment required term term dedication a but investment long programme. the establishmentof Therefore, - re social term a long is approach renewal urban based Community Take community of term development: along strategy historical cultural root; order with and aenvironment create new to opportunity space of preserve restructuringto promote the sense and of place i the take should DURF of the work The the process. be in placewill destroyed community and communitywhich layout represent the culture landmarks of consideration, thecommunity valuable suc heritages prudent rebuilding, without and of destruction Urban a is process renewal community affected the of the affected community. of renewal could thesebenefit All dimensions three development physical and economic social, the balance to tries approach DURF physical improvement the of affectedcommunity; based urban renewal approach, the social, theis majoreconomic concern and improvement environment. of the However, built integrated in community redevelopment. Community renewal a urban is based different approach form physical Inmajor physical concern redevelopment,the physical the is Hong Kong as a whole; a Hong Kong as as well as rests; it requires an effective mechanism mechanism effective an requires it rests;

the DURF a not one is

h as communityactivities, engineering engineering - off off n Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 43 nstrumental in in nstrumental art demolishing demolishing art

to st ble side effects of the based process. There is an -

Sustainable Future Sustainable

city decay, and the cityeconomic decay, and social needs of residents. If we

of benefits social and everyone; , economic opportunities for district to centers social resources the promote and economic

t thet Communities decide their

community in every stages of urban renewal. However, process should have process However, urban of renewal. stages inevery community clear and simple procedures. Preparing the Community Renewal Plan and development framework for the district district the for framework and development Plan Renewal the Community Preparing the agreement gaining stakeholders; of and attracting feasibility studies private and project the partnership, undertaking Building funding; community engagement; consultation and Undertaking or these cannot should not environmental schemes where improvement Undertaking private developer; by a undertaken be up more Setting regeneration effort. They are generation Improvement in condition the Improvement buildings. of Improvement in the quality of the urban the environmen in quality the of t; and Improvement has to share its power of decision making with community the so that community the can

Conclusions: Le Conclusions: • • • • •

(i) (ii)

want to transform such ideal two important such workable are to model a to transform model, there want factors. the processes, renewal in urban the URA the of role attitude and is changing the one first The URA more participationhave thenchannels and to choose own their decision and future. Of course, is i URA and private developers, from community, participation the genuine objectives: there must basic regeneration to social happen three For genuine be 7. URA Kong the renewal from plans await in Hong everywhere Bulldozers residential slum way development. and oldfor to clearanceThe homes make new offices approach, has however, generated heated Thedebated pain of destroying recently. existing unavoida redevelopment comprehensive are risk of communities and renewal process. (iii) community a through objectives these is possible to achieve It needurgent for a comprehensive package of regeneration measures to address the physical of inner our redevelopment involve: may the specific new of the roles Then URA pride. and of sense confidence building

44 Planning & Development life. urbanalso foridealcity only renewalthe modelnot urban attainment of but for sustainable areas regeneration of process facilitatoras andthus the act agents forcommunity the re in project URAtheNevertheless, renewal the of role the traditional go beyond to would need service planning, delivery and review process. strong knowledge local of the services community personalLocal beyond interest. can properly be planned with only Secondly, DURF’sthe commoninterest put and together to people link to functions are major 15 14

As StrategynewRenewal ofwas Urban consultations, aresult extensive February in introduced The 2012. City, Kowloon has large a DURFin which pilot first the has established 2011,In June the Government URA then URA future. in initiatives such of effectiveness the review and planning, and initiatives would enhance that help Government’s the experiences pioneering will provide DURF urban renewal number of dilapidated buildings but involves onlyfew a URA redevelopment projects. The Kowloon City scheme. of the first bitch in requirements major met all that projects 3 selected and owners, from applications of the owners agree to signand 80% of them accept our of “demand •

ma and achieve- high the coherence ofbasic services maintain standard, co as Act

- led” project which project led” owners can URA approach collectivelyfor redevelopment, two provided thirds

nagement in the regeneration areas. regeneration the in nagement had to undertake two newventures: (1) to redevelop old industrial buildings, (2) to introduce -coordinator between government departments and local businesses to set the to businesses and local government departments -coordinator between 14 distinct advantages in involving the community the in the advantages involving in distinct are There . 15

. These factorscritical two are deciding in feasibility the the of

fer.year,first Last The bitch we 25 received - establishing a management a establishing

quality of urban of quality

Isaac NG – Community-based Approaches as the Key to Renewal 45 . Hong . Hong

. Hong . Hong theKong: ’ . Hong Kong: Wanchai District District . Hong Kong: Wanchai Housing Management, Consumers and Consumers and Housing Management, enewal in Kong: Hong from Transition enewal -146. -146. 79(2): 153. 79(2): Neighbourhood Regeneration: Resourcing Community Community Resourcing Regeneration: Neighbourhood

Street Paper of Wanchai’ led Urban Renewal in Hong Kong: Any Place for the for Place Any Kong: Renewal in Hong Urban led Final of Report Strategy Renewal Urban - ‘

Where the Yellow Flags Flying, See Our Lee Lee Yellow Our the Tung See Stree’t Flying, Where Flags ge.

d). (2006) e ds), ds), (2007) ‘ e , Bristol: Policy Press. Press. Policy Bristol: , ’

t , L. Clapham, D. and Goodlad, R. (1997) ‘ R. Clapham, (1997) Goodlad, and D. , L. artists publisher. artists : Routled ’, London ong, Y.K. A.ong, ( 10(3): Development, Community?’ Sustainable 140 Citizens (2011) ‘ Development Bureau V- Kong: ‘Property (2002) M. K. Ng, London. Publishing, Sage , Regeneration Urban (1999) M (eds) Sykes, and P. Robert, inKong's Hong Estate Real J. Role of the ‘Financialization & and Smart, A., Lee, (2003) geography, Economic of Accumulation’, Regime W References Hastings, R ‘Urban & M. E. (2001) D., Adams, 245-258. Authority’, Corporation 18(3): Policy, to LandDevelopment Renewal Use Cairncross Government. Region Administrative Special Kong Hong Department, Logistics ‘ (2000) S. Thomas, and P. Duncan, involvemen W., ( al. et Lee, Council.

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 47 . region global of extending spatial spatial extending -

sighted under perspective - Key for Strengthening Strengthening for Key

increasing regional mobility. mobility. regional increasing - –a

economic interactions between Hong Kong Kong Hong between economic interactions boundary transport infrastructure could be be could transport infrastructure boundary - -

K.K. LING of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government

Special Paper was the President of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners from 2007 to 2007 to from Planners of Institute Kong Hong the of President the was

Hong Kong’s Competitiveness Kong’s Hong LING boundary transport infrastructure is not merely hardware infrastructureabout is transport not merely boundary - the Director of Planning

is hairman of the Metro Planning Committee and Rural Planning New& Town Committee of the ING

K. L boundary transport infrastructure, Greater Pearl River Delta region, HK2030 Study HK2030 Study Delta River Pearl region, Greater transportboundary infrastructure,

boundary activities that could meet the rising public aspirations. aspirations. public the rising meet could that activities boundary strategic the Within - - Mr. K. He is also the C Town Planning Board. Board. Planning Town Mr. 2009.

Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity Connectivity and Mobility Regional for Planning 1 Keywords Cross regional mobility, Territorial Development Strategy Development Territorial mobility, regional

Abstract the of emergence theWith Greater Pearl River Delta region as a city significance and the intensified regional socio PRD the strategic cities, considerationand planning Kong Hong for is

horizon beyond the territory across the boundary the thetowards the territory horizon boundary across beyond GPRD region. This is also afar to more future the imminent horizon from time the stretching are trend direction and development regional the and territory the of vision overall the which Cross in picture. the that would monetary construction the cost ever reduce an of planners perceive it the as to key promote convenience, safety comfort and of Town cross developmenton the opportunities addressing while context, capitalising through planning constraints, cross environmental provision of instrumental to achieving vibrant economy, social progress, quality social progress, environment and global vibrantinstrumental to economy, achieving competitiveness.

48 Planning & Development 2 years. the socio ( (GPRD) Delta River Pearl Greater Guangdong the (GD) of and forms Province part Geographically, the adjoins (HKSAR) Administrative Region Kong Special Hong the rising cost associatedwith increasing extending its mobilityby regional enhanced arising from harness opportunities the the citymay constituent While well the constituent cities interact to facilitate regional mobility of peopleand goods. competition. Estab global keen of face in role important an plays and connectivity globalisation, interaction regional era of In the Planning Regional The Context 1.1 1.

Figure 1 Figure HKSAR and Macao SAR 2009). urban areas ofHuizhou andZhaoqing, with total a land area of about 42,800 km the and Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, viz. Delta, River Pearl Greater PearlThe River regio Delta Planning Framework Planning -economic interaction between Hong Kong (HK) and the region have been growing been between-economicHong region Kong (HK)andover have the interaction

). Since the economic reform economic the Since ).

economic also hinterland regionalit and securing position, has cope to its with Figure 1: Pearl GreaterFigure 1: The ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR the Department, Planning Source:

n comprises Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and the nine cities in the the in cities nine the and SAR, Macao SAR, Kong Hong n comprises lishment regional mobility.

and openingand upof1978,the in China

of a vibrant region heavily depends onhow River Delta Region River Delta

Government

) )

(Government 2 s of GD, GD, of s region

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 49

a living living boundary boundary boundary boundary - - marriages -boundary -boundary region. A A region. .

enting enting about over past the growth in the in the growth rticularly GD. rticularly In 2011, about 2011, In cross -boundary th a view to developing to developing view th a i ” ” and developing into , including 177 400 , including 6

) in the last three decades, . W

, with a noticeable , with a year Planyear advocates to strengthen 3 - KSAR. KSAR. cross of numbers The in the Mainland, in Mainland, the repres about about 2001 to 2011, From 510 000

were around 272 000 were ing ing . women bornwomen in the Mainland 5 work there factory of the world -aged and 4 ssued HK. in Applicants of CAMR normallywould it use for the middle boundary marriages registered in HK and the number of Certificate of of number the Certificate and HK of registered in boundary marriages conducted by the Department conducted in 2010 Statistics Census and - way permit scheme. permit way

- 7

(CAMR) i

acclaimed as the “ . these workers, Among usually worked in 89% Province, GD the GPRD region is now coming into shape. is into coming GPRD now shape. region than more a is indeed It region region of(Governments HKSAR GD, Macao and SAR). 2009 - boundary transport infrastructureboundary isinstrumental to transport enhancing considered henzhen (SZ), 30% in Dongguan and 12% in in Guangzhou Dongguan 12% 30% (SZ), and henzhen (GZ) - during July to September 2010. September to July during Department and ensus Statistics This situation may be related to the large number cross of This situation be to related the may large

HK workforce -economic Interaction and Mainland -economic between Hong the Kong of Marriage Records Marriage of class metropolitan cluster, the National National the 12th Five metropolitanclass cluster,

- by C . class metropolitan cluster with enhanced competitiveness enhanced with cluster metropolitan class - planned cross planned with either the husband the wife the beingwith or Mainlander either a Socio arriages. n enquiry on Hong Kong residents working in the Mainland was conducted via the General Household way permit holders entered HK permit entered way holders - t developed t developed city world he GD Province. GD he survey A marriages (either the brides or the grooms are Mainlanders but their spouses are Hong Kong residents) were residents) Kong were are Hong spouses their but are Mainlanders grooms the brides or the (either marriages cross number of the from estimated Absence purpose of registering marriages in the Mainland. However, CAMR holders may not get married cross number total of of crude the estimates are only figures Therefore, the eventually. m Survey April 2011 and July 2012 July and 2011 April Sources: Home Affairs Department and Immigration Department, Government of the HKSAR Department, of Government Department Immigration and Affairs Home Sources: Source: Census and Statistics Department, Government of H the Source: Census and Statistics Department, Government of the HKSAR Government of Department, and Statistics Census Source: A Source: 6th National Population Census results published National the by Bureau of of Statistics China in

one- marriages between HK residentsers Mainland and in t the of 5% 33% inincluding S 7 6 In 2010, around In 234 800 residents livingHK were in Mainland the were residents 175 100 HK some showed also 4 5

the the system in the transportation comprehensive coordination a and of planning the well of populationproportion or younger ten years (i.e. number qualified of Mainland husbands in wives, children coming toand large resulting a the reunion under for one HK the comprehensive competitiveness of the entire GPRD region to benefit the competitiveness entire HK. the GPRD comprehensive of of the region 1.2 Ties Social very long strong social had has pa HK ties with Mainland, the Historically, Theemergence of the unit. geographical it isone of the fociChina of coastal development and the Nationally, mos well- it is Internationally, world Recent statistics evidenced that such strong social ties have been sustained. born HK population of in 31% resident the were Mainland

50 Planning & Development 8 10 9 2). increased an with annual growth rate of15900 4.8% from 1991 in 42 to 400 2012 in ( Incomparison, of thedaily number - land 2012(average 553000in soaredto the number the Mainland, but 21 were there cross than rate faster a much at increased have movements the and decades The 1.3 with value service (or import about 56% ofvalue at total HK$140billion M component was the largest the to Mainland, travel of ofservices Among exports components various of HK, values with at (orHK$479 about billion cross These strong economic between bonds HK and the GD Province also stimulate 2011.in HK is also a significant trading partner of HK$3 of The Mainland the largest is trading partner of HK terms in of merchandise trade, values with years back ten offices and 160 resp upfrom 242 ectively HK, in offices regional local or headquarters and 248regional companies 557 established have were H onthe listed HK partner, and HK was direct andversa investment vice 2011 in Re Economic Interaction

anufacturing servi anufacturing

garding the economic links, HK continues to be the HK Mainland continues links, economic to garding the Source: he cumulative value of HK’s direct investment in the the in investment HK’s of direct value According cumulative t he to Statistics the Department, and Census Source: investment. Mainland to HK amounted to HK$3 , Mainland reached HK$3 is a major funding centre for Mainlandcentre aente for is major funding high growthhigh of socio- Surge in Cross - boundary cargoboundary also the is The Mainland largest movements. services trading partner

to to led has ,444 billion Census and Statistics Department Statistics and Census Guangdong Statistical Statistical Guangdong Yearbook Statistics Bu 2012, Mainland. A worth that notingon is phenomen cross with value at HK$153 at value with

000average dailyland- a tremendous growth in the cross growth the in a tremendous ces wereces largest the of of services imports from component the Mainland, - 9 boundary Travelboundary Movements

the o lothl ftettlmrhnietae n21. In particular, merchandise trade)2011. in (or halftotal almost of the , stock market as at the end ofstock marketat 201 the as 346 billion end at

Mainland economic ties between HKeconomic and between the ties Ma

043 billion at end at billion 043 billion ( ’ s fourths largest trading partner , Government ofHKSAR the Government , based cross based 8 The MainlandHK has been long . -

2011. Themarket value of direct investment the GD Province, with values of US$193 billion Province, US$193 valuesthe with GD of or about two- about or based pie. rprises. - 2011, accounting for 36% of HK’s total inward direct - boundary passenger trips betweenboundary passenger trips HK and

38%o cross reau of Guangdong Province Guangdong of reau

- boundary travel activities between HK HK between activities travel boundary thirds of total export service value export of thirds total - AMainland enterprises of total 640 boundary vehicle trips have trips vehicle boundary only r eil lw. In 1980, flows.-boundvehicle ary f total tradetotal in services) 2011. in . 1.

. . As atAs mid ’ growth s largest source of foreign foreign of source largest s inland inland in in 2011. Furthermore, - boundary passenger ).

aeo 07 ... p.a.). 10.7% of rate in

- ’ 2011, Mainland s largest trading the past three three past

from the the from Figure Figure 10 ). ).

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 51

42.4

) people -border

provided -boundary -boundary majority were

Government

uth China (HK outh China (HK and the Mainland Mainland the and HK of of cross the

Year facilities

trips between t planning framework for the t planning framework and in theand fact the of proportion and theand Mainland by made

S, the need to improve cross to improve S, need the ds, TD -transpor Immigration Department and Customs and Excise Department and and Excise Customs Department Immigration ('000 trips) ('000 15.9 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 residents living in the Mainland and 2% by in Mainland the 2% living and residents 0 boundary Passenger and Vehicle Trips Trips Vehicle and Passenger boundary Source: Source: Annual average daily vehicle daily average Annual 50 40 30 20 10

s has increased from s has from in early increased around the 60% 553 having to the regard interaction with in development

and the Mainland the and ong Kong ed s the in 2011, in HK trips living by people made . The strong social interactions recogni term integrated land land termuse integrated - betweenH boundary Travel Survey (CBTS) 2011 conducted by the Planning the conducted by Survey 2011 (CBTS) Travel boundary 1980s, strategic planning has 1980s, extended its strategic perspective beyond the -boundary -boundary - principal goals of the Territorial Development Strategy which (TDS), Strategy Development Territorial the of principal goals can also be reflected fromcan reflected be also trip purposes the Year

cross boundary passenger trips between HK the the trips - primary roles of HK at the time, as an entrepot for S entrepot as an the of time, HK at primary roles took up the largest share, constituting 61% of all trips. all of 61% share, constituting took largest up the were 24% Another Average Daily Land-based Cross- Average . Of the the . Of of HK, toof was ensure that necessary physical infrastructural

Immigration Department Department Immigration Sources: Immigration Department and Customs and the HKSAR DepartmentExcise Customs and Department, Immigration Sources: were for leisure and visiting relatives and frien relatives and visiting leisure for were 21 ( ('000 trips) ('000 Territorial Development Strategy and Territorial Development Development Review Strategy andTerritorial Strategy Territorial 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 0 Figure 2: 600 500 400 300 200 100 Source: Source: Annual average daily passenger daily average Annual travellers making trips for these two purpose two these for trips making travellers 2000s in to 2011. 71% 2. Planning Initiatives Strategic 2.1 to Cross the According Department, cross HK in living by HK 13% Mainland, by visitors the from made travellers them In HK, as early as the of One territory. long first the established growth to support the 1990). Government formulation the the During of links transport was already

people living in other places in other living people as mentioned before mentioned as (HK Government 1984). SZ

52 Planning & Development further ( future in consideration P about enhancingHK were mainly which concepts vision distant set out The also TDSR roles of the key andterritory.positively retain economic trendsto to GD in recommendati the in options of flexibilityincorporated the assessment into of findings the The of HK 1993). development Government (HK of for scenarios bycommissioned the The Study of Trends Development GD in Province (the GD Study) was (PRD) region. the to reference closer making In RD regionRD and Figure 3 Figure the

1990s, the1990s, Territorial Developmenta Strategybreakthrough by (TDSR) made Review Distant Vision Concepts of the the Territorial of Strategy Review Vision Concepts : Distant Development the the ons in respect of economic land uses and transport systems to respond respond to economic uses systems and transport of land respect in ons capitali PRD regionand identify spatial their and infrastructure implications for ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR Government) HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: Planning produce Department to a frameworkprobable of growth sing development opportunities alongdevelopment opportunities the increasingly significant increasingly Figure 3). Figure

the the in developments

TDSR, which forwardTDSR, put regional transport axes for transport for regional axes

’ s accessibilitys to the

Pearl River Delta Delta River Pearl GD Study were GD Study were (1998)

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 53 vel se se on the he he HK2030 (HZMB), the

boundary tra boundary capitali - A to world. the ecifically, effective pecifically, boundary links can be - Macao Bridge s springboard so proposed in West Kowloon, Kowloon, in West so proposed -Zhuhai-

to development the HK of (HKSAR (XRL) and the Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Wai and Yuen (XRL) the Liantang/Heung

designated for logistics for tourism major designated and

existing and planned and cross existing axes are proposed along the regional transport corridors, transport corridors, regional the along proposed axes are on how well the city could position could well itself toon how city the boundary planning matters, including cross including matters, planning boundary

- Express Rail Rail Link Express gateway to China China’ gateway and HK - s transport networks and transportation system were proposed to and system were networks transportation s transport heavily SZ - development development 2007 the to update TDS. more the studies about Study, HK2030 In GZ position a as boundary transport infrastructure projects mentioned in the HK2030 Study Study in HK2030 transport mentioned the infrastructureboundary projects - ilst hilst he ’s ’s HK s rapid development. this smooth regard, and of flows maintaining unimpeded In ). W ’ orthern Development Axis proposed fortechnology is primarily and business zones, and nks with the Mainland as one of the three three the of one as Mainland the links with strengthen to set out explicitly Study HK2030 Southern DevelopmentSouthern Axis is specifically Figure 4 activities and HK people living in the Mainland were conducted. conducted. were in Mainland people the living HK and activities the aAs forward, step on the added a national chapter dimension. Study HK2030 that the study suggested The would rely HK of future people, vehiclesand people, pivotal goods would be Mainland and surveys on cross surveys and Mainland 2.2 Strategy and Vision Planning Hong 2030: Kong was (HK2030 Study) Strategy and on Hong 2030: Kong Planning Study The Vision in- 2000 undertaken Mainland 2007). Government The with enhancing economic development, along for territorial directions the broad S environment. living quality a providing and competitiveness ’ to Mainland connections strengthen

are under either are construction planning, viz. or HK the number of cross of number BCP). Control Point (LT/HYW Boundary the opportunitiesfrom arising Development the N the HK Section of t Section of HK the in development HK. spatial devising axes for capitalised t this regard, In of opportunities the full advantages take Plan to Concept Strategic a has formulated Study ( facilities. Besides, a new cluster of prime offices is al Section HK terminus of the of future the adjoining XRL.

54 Planning & Development

into ainto coordinated and sustainable world- quality of environment thewith ultimate were devised region objective the GPRD develop to strat Three major development amongst involved. the parties cities in PRD as wellas avaluable and Province GD of andthe proposals theplanningvision strategic about understandto more under the “One Country,Two Systems” framework. forward Macao strategic As a step forward previous t studies, from 2.3 Townships Planning Study on the Co

-looking perspective to consider the opportunities and constraints of the G of and constraints the consider opportunities to perspective -looking with the aim at formulating a regional development strategy by taking a regional regional Figure 4 Figure (GPRD S planning study undertaken jointly by planning authorities of byplanningauthorities undertakenplanning study jointly ( : Strategic thePlan HK2030 of Study Concept (2007) Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR Government HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: t udy) egies - ordinated Development of Development ordinated

for optimising spatial structure, accessibility high and arena he GPRD Study he GPRD class city class

for cross for -

region, which vibrant, is energeticregion, and This Study served as ap as Study served This - fertilisation of planningideologies , promulgated ,

the Greater Pearl River Delta River Greater Delta the Pearl )

in 2009, in latform for HK for latform

GD, was was region region PRD and HK the first K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 55 s ’ re, a regional tudy (2009) tudy (2009) s status as Asia as s status ’

t) Foshan Area Foshan Metropolitan - Zhuhai Metropolitan Area that that Metropolitan Area Zhuhai - region under the GPRD S GPRD the under region - were concluded as essential in reducing the time and ” ” s economic centres; (ii) (ii) GZ centres; economic s ’ s status an integrated as a key city, gateway and a regional ’ ). ). metropolitanThree were areas identified in the GPRD s status as an international leisure and tourism cent tourism and leisure international s an status as ’ Source: Planning Department, HKSAR Governmen the ( Figure 5 SZ Metropolitan Area that aimed to consolidate HK consolidate to aimed that Area Metropolitan SZ - seamless connections Spatial Structure of the GPRD City GPRD the of Structure : Spatial ompetitive ( ompetitive -boundary -boundary “ h the view to strengthening GZ to strengthening view h the Figure 5

World City and SZ one China as of City World wit centre of culture and educationof China; and (iii) Macao c globally Study, with (i) HK (i) with Study, made full use of Macao service and platform, trading commercial key the and as city onZhuhai the of bank west PRD. strategies the high Amongst for recommendedaccessibility in the GPRD Study, cross in GPRD the efficiency increasing traffic and overall the boundaries on crossing spent cost region.

56 Planning & Development and seamless cross seamless and Go HKSAR the to challenge the demandever the cost andof the minimise ( decades the over mobility regional tremendous the of face In 3. facilities. cross to relating work government planning sharing Information” Department To sharing the with promote knowledge cross study other to stakeholders SZ HK biennial CBTSs include These the 1990s. have the late conductedsince been offor andsituation aspirations different forms. For In academics. and professionals G both cooperation the in GPRD region throughproactive a more and approach institutional led by strateg cross closer the advantagesfull of infrastructure t adopted a more visionary approach thatemphasised cross the on pressure grave exerted that the increasingly to response in needs the transport on addressing the in 1980- attempts Early past decades. The above illustratethe studies evolutionary 2.4

” response to increasing to response cross useful useful as serve results survey These etc. , People LivingWorking andPeople the in PRD Cross Evolving Approach Strategic in Cross with Planning as well as infrastructure well -boundary transport as The GPRD Studyco GPRD The HK. for ies overnment and relevant mostly stakeholders, including advisors expert planning of of

from Strategic Planning Perspective Facilities –from Strategic-boundary Planning took a took cross among among for better regional mobility and connectivity and recognised the needs to take take recognised to the needs andand connectivity mobility regional better for - , travelboundary information - lead lead boundary services, town planners consider cross consider services, town planners boundary four neighbouringfour cities including better understandingbetter of in

establish changes in cross in changes enet Withfor accessible more aspiration raising public vernment.

making -boundary cross - ing boundary connections in setting out spatial development development spatial out setting in connections boundary Figure 6 Figure - a boundary travel activities travel boundary cross platform mobility - 90s in cross in 90s uld be regarded as a pioneer step in fostering fostering step in a pioneer as regarded be uld boundary infrastructure. The HK 2030Study HK The infrastructure. boundary -boundar - ), timely provision of provision ), new meet timely to infrastructure - regional counte regional a movements, travel boundary - intensifying regional interaction is alwaysa big

HK and of “Survey HK Region” progress ofprogress strategic HK planningin over the boundary transport infrastructure transport boundary the cross the reference material reference community- and community- tourism-

on “Cooperation ofon “Cooperation Cross , regional planning initiatives have planninginitiatives , regional taken wh y travel characteristics and accelerating accelerating and characteristics y travel ich is -boundary -

trends and people’ and boundary trends travel he need expand to cross HK,and SZ, Zhuhaithe for Macao -

boundary Dimension rparts, rparts, an

planning focused primarily focused primarily planning importance reference for for reference importance s for theand Government for s

cross - i boundary infrastructure infrastructure boundary for the for n 2008, the Planning the Planning n 2008,

- boundary activities boundary related facilities. - People Living People in series of surveys surveys of series boundary Travel

planning of planning of

, and related related and “Survey of of “Survey -boundary

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 57

situation, economic -boundary s. geographical in 2012. Source: Planning Department, Department, Planning Source: aspiration 3. Lok Ma Chau Spur Line Chau3. Lok Ma Spur Line BCP ( the HKSAR HKSAR Governmen the

boundary passenger and goods and passenger boundary

- services to GZ was suspended in was to the GZ suspended services

Yesterday Source: Planning Department, Department, Planning Source: 2. Lo Wu BCP in the early inthe BCP Wu 2. Lo 2000s. ( the HKSAR HKSAR Governmen the reasons for nearly thirty engendering cross years,

ties –

boundary passenger and freight movements are made through the through made are movements and passenger freight boundary a at that time. time. that at a train Through - From Past to the Past to Present – From Facilities -based Cross-boundary

: Rail Canton Railway (KCR) was the first modern transport infrastructure in the in the infrastructure transport (KCR) modern first the was Canton Railway -boundary Facili MTR Corporation Corporation MTR

boundary boundary : - Figure 6 city of Southcity Chin - based movements between HK and the Mainland. HK between the movements and based to this Owing Cross - Source

1. Cross the crossing passengers bridge to the Wu old Lo Mainland in 1960s. ( BCPs between HK SZ boundaries. and BCPs between - Kowloon The the GZ, and HK between services train through to passengers enjoy 1910s enabling metro not merely means to reduce journey time and lower travel cost but also a key to promote lower key time travel and but means a cost also journey to reduce not merely the public meet safety that could and rising comfort convenience, 3.1 cross of the majority the 1940s duelate to political to having passengers for trainwalk in services the across the railway at bridge Wu Lo the period, same during cross However, Mainland.

southern locates the at GPRDHK tip the region of isall indeed main SZ the for and gate land movements had increased at a quick pace. pace. quick increased a had at movements political and of - After decades socio most the of one turns out to be BCP Wu Lo boundary, the on both sides of developments used cross-boundary points control heavily all over world. the Kowloon opportunities and provide urban also for Wu services KCRLo railway between The expansion of towns in form the new in New the Territories. 1970s, the In Government the Shui, and all Sheung Po, Fanling Tai small the Shatin, to towns of develop market decided growing the towns to accommodate new of series a KCR located the along line, into being Limited)

58 Planning & Development 12 11 BCP. the of discomfort thealso reduces to passengers, it the efficiency operational procedures clearance customs the completing immigration two the between travel Chau/Huanggang buses are shuttle popular the most meanscross for Lok Ma river. the spanninga over bridge by are linkedtogether and other fromapart each areabout HK 1600mboth and quarantinesides immigrationthe customs, SZ on and facilities a convenient and user the number of cross approxim busiest BCP the Chau is Ma Lok andcomfort. the level of convenience of terms in demand travel future anticipated the BCP meet this at to capacity in To Manhighway Kam ofconnection the BCP, further enhancementfor therescope limited is Due the to geographical constraints and Kam To BCP thatcommenced onSZ side 2010. in have works Man The to improvement problemsinstigated periods Kam for To Man BCP. years, Inrecent w there sidesofboth the boundary. the HK and andgovernments resulted the SZin design mismatch in onBCPs capacity of the BCP constructed,the were by BCPs independently were two implemented whenfacilities the time Atthe of the boundary. easternHK/SZ section alongare located the and1980s they Both Man Kam To ShaTauand Kokearly were BCPs opened in on their developments. The highway and connections physical Territories metropolitan the and New between connection northeast transport a major provides named, so which now is services about 13% (equivalent to In 2011,of about 953000 a population accommodate these new four towns population.

Source: Census Source: Immigration Department and and Customs Excise Department, GovernmentHKSAR. the of

in the 1980s and the development full Line, the and in 1980s of the four East Rail new the towns, ately 26

, Government of the HKSAR the of Government , Statistics Department and 000 vehicles per 000vehicles day - boundary HK, in passengers Lok Ma Chau BCP be cannot considered as - Figure 7 friendly facility. As shown Figure in

fH ouain. With the modernis HK population). of

area. area. road

halls and passengers have to board and alight twice for twice alight and board to have and passengers halls

based BCP based and day per about with 80000passengers 12 layouts road of - Beingheavily third the . . Not only cause doesinconvenience it and . ere ere based BCPs have imposed constraints have BCPs based imposed “ bottleneck . . ation - , the passenger halls of of halls passenger the , utilised BCP in terms of -boundar ” problems in the in peak problems

ofKCR the railway y passengers to to y passengers

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 59 . Man . Man periphery 8) -boundary

) Figure

Governemnt and mostand vehicular popular

boundary traffic movements movements traffic boundary

- Point Point

vehicle trips trips ( vehicle Control ents 2, cross Immigration Hall Immigration Huanggang Huanggang -boundary -boundary

-boundary vehicle trips a over day the past Figure

point Z side 2010. since Z The majority of vehicles the us b all cross

. eastern the at situated BCP, Kok Sha Tau

huttle boarding us us alignment point b b boundary traffic at Lok Ma Chau Ma boundary at risen traffic has from by 50% Lok - General Layout ofGeneral BCP Lok Chau Ma Shuttle Shuttle Routing of s :

Immigration Hall Immigration Lok Ma Chau BCP BCP Chau Ma Lok Figure 7 Source: Aerial Photo from Lands Deparment, the HKSAR the Deparment, PhotoLands from Aerial Source: ( -boundary Traffic and Passenger Movem and Passenger Traffic -boundary -boundary Facilities – Today Today -boundary – Facilities 2007, handling nearly 75% of 75% nearly 2007, handling Cross 3.2 Trends in Cross the decades, past Over there has been significanta and continuous increase in cross freight and passenger traffic. As revealed from showed a steady growth in the 1990s but increased at a faster pace in the early 2000s. in early pace the faster a at steady in 1990s but a the growth increased showed Due busiest remains the as BCP Chau Ma Lok accessibility, to good crossing. The volume cross of 20 000 trips in per day around of early 2000s to its 31 about peak day historical 000 trips per in 2006-

Kam To BCP handled handled around000 cross 6 000-7 BCP To Kam decade before the improvement works on S making use of this BCP are goods and container vehicles as this BCP is the designated point point designated is the this as BCP vehicles container and goods are this of BCP use making all vegetables of livestock entry and of

60 Planning & Development overloadedand queuescross of BCP,connectionLok Ma Chau leading to adjoining and its traffic have been networks With a large cross volumeof taken upthe largest of the inc share In particular,LokMa Chau BCP has for havepassengerBCPs three traffic. more cater to cross Man Kam To, Tau Sha for wereBCPs designed originally Lok mainly Kok Chau and Ma a passenger Lo Wu been BCP has Unlike which days) festive of 262000passengers per day 2002(with passenger in demand surging over to 350000on Mainland and the trafficdemand BCP at this reached a historicalaverage high an with value ( Th average 2000trips. around daily flow of of the HK/SZ boundary, used is by10% of allcross lessthan

Figure Figure Notes: 10 15 20 25 30 35 e cross 0 5 - 9119 9519 9920 0320 0720 2011 2009 2007 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 ( boundary freight traffic. Withcross increase traffic. in a freight boundary continuous Source: 4.3 ('000 trips) 1.9 9.7 ^ # . Lo Wu BCP has long beenbusiest the 2). Passengerclearancereconstruction To BCPreducedto servicesfrom Kam 2010 due Feb Man at works. Shenzhen into BCPcame Bay operation on1.7.2007. - 6.3 boundary passenger movements have been increasing at a fast rate since the 1990s since rate fastat a increasing been have passengerboundary movements 9.7 1.8 Man Kam To ^ Kam Man Kok Sha Tau Chau Lok Ma Shenzhen # Bay ( Immigration Department and Customs Customs and Department Immigration ). 9). Figure 8.9 1.7 9.4 11.1 . 1.8 1.8 9.5 A 12.3 9.1 nnual a nnual Figure 8 Figure

13.6 1.9 8.8 verage vehicl 15.7 1.9 8.4 - boundary traffic,San Tin Interchange, primary highway the : Cross -boundary 17.8 2.0 6.9 rease amongst rease 18.1 2.4 7.8 - e trips per operation trips e land day by boundary TrafficMovements boundary 20.8 2.4 7.5 traffic tailed back and blocked the operation the blocked and back tailed traffic 21.8 and 2.3 6.9

Year

- Excise DepartmentExcise 23.8

2.4 7.7 only crossing right from the beginning only from right crossing these land these 25.8 boundary crossing between HK and the 2.3 7.7 29.6 2.2 7.5 bsdcosns -based crossings. 30.6 2.3 7.5 , the HKSAR the , 31.1 2.5 7.5 - based BCP based - boundary traffic an with 31.0 3.1 2.3 6.9

- boundary travel, the travel, boundary 27.9 2.4 5.8 5.9

Government 25.5 7.5 2.2 5.2 27.4 8.8 2.3 4.6 26.6 9.5 2.4 4.2 ) of the of the

25.9 , the , the 9.9 2.5 4.2

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 61

77 81 113 261 94 69 86 after the 254

handling 79 59 92 250

% in 2007 to to in 2007 72% 66 46 94 239 51 34 104 244 ) 35 24 based BCP 132 260 - 134 254 land shows that the share of total total of share shows that the boundary Facilities boundary

122 249 Government

half 2007 to over in of second 7% 104 245 Figure 9 67 233 46

262 Year works for theworks enhancing passenger has lessened the traffic loading at the Lok Ma

34 245 boundary traffic demand and to relieve traffic - 30 236 -2007 -2007 25 211 Lok Ma Chau BCP has declined from declined has BCP Chau Ma Lok noting that the improvement works have alleviated the alleviated have works improvement that the noting -boundary Passenger Movements Passenger -boundary

per operation day by day operation per passenger trips 21 BCP has increasedBCP from was implemented at Lok Ma Chau BCP in 2003 implemented Mawas at Chau Lok BCP 181 used Lo Wu BCP. BCP. Wu used Lo

in mid in - boundary passenger activities at the BCP remained limited. limited. remained BCP the at activities passenger boundary P - 14 154 : Cross Immigration Department, the HKSAR verage verage BC Z Bay boundary freight traffic only, but due to site constraints, room the only, traffic boundary freight 9 - 131 the share of 7 via S 119 st Source: Source: ( Annual a Figure 9 morecross 4 based BCPs - 110 traffic ssenger clearance 3 103 2012. services commenced also the Chau Ma Lok BCP, Spur Line Similarly, 2 Lok Ma Chau Spur Line MaLok ChauLine ^ Spur Bay # Shenzhen MaLok Chau Lo Wu land Other 95 Shenzhen Bay BCP came into operation on 1.7.2007 on 1.7.2007 operation Baycame BCP into Shenzhen # on Ma^ Lok 15.8.2007. BCP operation ChauLine came Spur into hour pa 1 85 ('000 trips) ('000 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 since 2010; whil since -boundary -boundary ort for passengers using this BCP. passengers this BCP. for ort using accommodating accommodating 0 50 Notes: 300 250 200 150 100

20% Chau BCP which appeared to be near saturation near 2004 onwards. to be from appeared which BCP Chau of proportion The cross Forward-looking and Holistic Approach in Planning of Cross- in of Planning Approach Forward-looking Holistic and Bay of SZ the opening The in 60% nearly heavily the relieved in 2007, has

The 24- The thecompletion of hall passenger improvement capacity. there is still improving degree for room of theconvenience and of level However, comf strategic highways. surrounding were Interchange atImprovement works San Tin in 2005 to with the commenced cope cross congestion at the BCP. BCP. the at congestion is worth It conditionstraffic for cross for

62 Planning & Development People- land planning HK in as townplanners have cross Links (1997 recommended S the in Crosslinks cross and is movements betweenSZ HK With upcoming western in developments significant SZ, goods eastern onboth and vehicles westernsides. cross the strengthen to was Plan Master pursuit ofpursuit “ the to crossBCPs convenience, availabliltyof accessibility and -orient apeople Instead, BCPs. cross new The planningof “ industry amodernof service onthe transport Based planning zone. policyof Qianhai positioned is as the second CBD for SZ, playingthe role corridors of HK and GZ. Bao SZ of 田/ (2010-2020)Shenzhen ( was further realised the in “ spatial development This plan 山區), and extended along the Pearl Riverconnect to GZ. ( Cluster Nanshan the from originated axis western The axes. eastern and central western, the plan, future According to Zonerest of alsothe the but cityoutside Zone. Special SZ in Economic 1990s, The Master of Plan Shenzhen (1996- Planning a Consideration in Wider Context Spatial the following aspec forward more a demonstrated has BCPs new two planning these of The 50% 2012. in cross East ) were identified as the two municipal two the as identified were 羅湖) bsdtasotifatutr ta al tg. -basedat an infrastructure stage. early transport - - -boundary - boundary travel demand. These studies marked momentous changes in strategic strategic changes in momentous marked studies These demand. travel boundary boundary traffic which used concentrate to the in east, the SZ Bay BCP was in Oriented Design Oriented delineated - - looking and holistic approachandlooking holistic planning to cross East ’ co an an - - out, Westout, - 2000), commissioned by the Planning Department to cater for future future cater for Department to by Planning the commissioned 2000), location International passengers of Lo of Wupassengers BCP lessthan 2007to from dropped above before 60%

development of SZ should follow three development structures with the follow three the of with SZstructures development development should

the spatial planning covering proposals onlySpecial not Economic the ts:

”

- 2010) whereQianhai ( 深圳市人民政府 of immigration and customs facilites at SZBCP Bay was a pioneer in - West - boundary facilities concerns not only the handling capacity of handlingcapacity of boundary concernsthe only not facilities Airport and with her strategic location along the development along development location strategic and the her with Airport Dual CBD Dual -out” tudy ed design is adopted in the planning stage to ensure to planningstage adopted the in is ed design , one of the transport development 2010) ( (1996) Feasibility and Study Cross Additional

started involvein to the planning of cross - anticipated boundary infrastructure and transport facilities for and infrastructure transport boundary ” concept established the Master under of Plan 深圳市人民政府 ete o Z Qianhai the to south locates centres for SZ.

. To of distribution rationalise the - boundary HK in with infrastructure growthcross in 2010) completed the in early - 前海 boundary boundary passengers. The ) and Futian and ) strategies of the - boundary travel - Luohu ( -boundary -border 福南 K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 63

the -boundary -boundary ied on heavily convenient cross boundary transport infrastructure transport infrastructure boundary Planning Study and Engineering - as well as cultural and creative who previouslywho rel

(NDA)

ansport infrastructure and the potential of and of potential the infrastructure ansport ccess via Kong Sham Western Highway, the Highway, ccess via Kong Sham Western

erritories Lok Ma Chau Ma BCPs. Lok Provision public domestic of buses/green minibuses to access the BCPs, increasing

boundary services to shorten the time the boundary to services shorten in involved the relevant strategic tr o Wu or o Wu

L to SZ Bay BCP with a with BCP Bay SZ to

rovides provides BCP SZ the Bay of opening he - cross less tech research and development ) (HKSAR Government 2012a). 2012a). (HKSAR ) Government Ma Chau transport The links to Lok . To up thesefollow initiatives, series of a . planning engineering and To region Figure 10 Figure ung Shui Kiu Development Area New boundary trips. T boundary - GPRD in making flexibility and choice more BCPs open two new public, these the To cross services for people in New T northwest viz. east the in facilities transport services was thoroughly inconsidered thestage planning the of Ma SZ and Bay Lok choice of is modes public. available to the wider transport BCPs so that a SpurChau Line of survey 14% total about results, the cross to the CBTSAccording 2011 passengers made use of franchised in 6% share of a 2007. from year OpportunitiesDevelopment customs clearance procedures and thereby enhancing travelling convenience and comfort. construction the cross of undertaking strategic planning, In step in promoting seam instep promoting

Government leisure (HKSAR into business and centre a 2011). the NDA developing to the in proximity close location of the strategic the land resources sing optimi to view a With existing BCPs, the Lok Chau Ma (theLoop is proposedLoop) for higher education, to be by high- complemented is not an end in itself but instead, a means to achieving sustainable development in HK and development and in sustainable HK achieving to means a instead, but in itself end is not an the ongoing H the from Territories New Northwest to the gateway a as NDA Kiu Shui Hung identifies on the capitalising Mainland, industries ( studies have recently been or are being out. carried are been recently or studies have its proximity Considering and public transport highway strategic provide would Spur Chau Line Ma and Lok BCP the other respectively in HK.and Loop areas connections between

64 Planning & Development HZMB, the HK Section of t HZMB, Section the HK among As thereview aspirations andaccount of requirements of take to cross- Planning cross for 3.3 thealso formgreen a of system. framework transport NOL Inaddition, would aland sources longer demand the housing term. addressing in function of NOL Territories theNew in northern servethe to NDAs is are important which movement for of the residents New Territories lines railway two the between interchange passenger RDS, crossing for commuting or Line. urban to from the area East Rail LineBCP. In the project woulddivert addition, some of the passengers Ea consideration the in current Development Strategy 2000(HKSAR in (RDS) Government under is 2000) detailed and T the the Stability HK of he he st Rail Line Rail st the with West Rail Line possible with connection the to Lok Ma Chau Spur strengthening stipulated Figure 10 Figure Cross implementation ofimplementation the NorthernLink( Kwu TungLok StationLine might beexisting addedSpur theMa to Chau PRD PRD - boundary

Region, in the dedicated chapter entitled “ chapter dedicated in the : under under Macao” and Photomontage of the Photomontage of of of - boundary infrastructure is an on- an is infrastructure boundary the planningthe and - co Facilities – Tomorrow HK HK ( Source: Planning Department, the HKSAR the Department, Planning Source: and Macao and R n h THWBP XRLhe LT/HYW and the BCP. r eview and and eview the Nationalthe 12 , Proposed Loop Ma Development Chau Lok on by means of some major co major some of means by ordination of a comprehensive transportation system transportation comprehensive of a ordination pdate of the RD the of update

NOL

MaintainingLong the (HKSAR2012b). Government Another - 5 Plan 5 going process and requiring continuous and continuous going requiring process ) to to was promulgated , facilitate

a key message message a key Gov S . The NOL upthe would join . ernment onaytaelr. boundary travellers. more effective east effective more - I ) operation projects,operation viz. n the current review of of review current the n

- term Prosperityand term was highlighted in was in highlighted in the Railway

for boundary

enabling enabling - west west

K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 65

” ”

ct city near - udy is to to is udy the status status the t 杭福深客 This would ( -Guangzhou many places

and commodityand

In particular, it will it will particular, In

HZMB, the HZMB will also also will the HZMB

seamless connection

speed network rail now and further to SZ to SZ SZand at further boundary connection in boundary connection in that 60 population of a

- railway railway routes, inter

th the the th Beijing

crossing link across Pearl Zhuhai Zhuhai Areas Metropolitan - ith the ith - wi

s position as the global city in city global as the position s investment, is conducive which speed

. W majorPRD cities. The enhanced ”

estimated udy. This “ udy. HK t Shenzhen Passenger Line journey zone from HK. to It is is It boundary transport boundary facilities in the - implementation of implementation -hour -hour SZ and Macao point of regional transport point regional of - connecting HK

The zone from the West Kowloon Terminus in HK, in HK, Terminus Kowloon West the zone from three a in the Bay Areain the Bay and the Central the andand Mainland Southern variousand “Bridgehead benefit the “Bridgehead from positioned to enjoy - K as tourism, finance and and commerce. tourism,as finance structure. structure. estern PRD region and Hangzhou-Fuzhou-and ial ial in the Mainland, r

-hour -hour journey be greatly shortened. be greatly HZMB otherand cross will will fall within ng Chung as the focal Chung the as ng will will u International Airport andInternational Airport Zhuhai heras hinterland. The future hour traffic circle with circle hour traffic 京廣客運專線 ) “one- position as trade a logistics and hub as thegoods from western PRD places and and thereby becoming a transportation hub for both tourism and logistics transportation logistics a and both tourism hub for thereby becoming and , such as Guangxi, as , such and exported from ports in be airport container could the HK. Chek Lap Kok Link and Tuen Mun Western Bypass would provide a dire a would provide Bypass Mun Western Tuen and Kok Chek Lap Link completion of thecompletion of south link to HKIA serving Territories Northwest the New south link to HKIA estern PRD region - to rapid transit routes, urban transit routes, and GZ rapid lines various of metro and highways major public transport of Humen at System PRD with the Rapid Transit interchanging Through services. will put also HK within of easy reach the Dongguan, XRL between HK’ will HK Mainland strengthen the connectivity and our service international competitiveness centre. reinforce an as and GPRD the region The HZMB the HK link the in missing fill will across the Pearl River as identified in the GPRD S cross the strengthen would River two banks the Pearl of between in w the further west Passenger Line ( time運專線). Journey H between cities Mainland major achieving the enhance the attractiveness of the w ofto upgrading the its indust sectors such in various HK, benefit enhance HK’s With the million will fall within a four a within fall will million in world. the coverage largest will the which be the terminus future region, PRD the Within Shibi at in GZ served extensively will be by high- XRL of Chung would well be Tung future, in 16 000- the will plug high km national of Section HK XRL The in developed fullbeing stream Economy” region. PRD industries in the Extension S New Town Chung ongoing Tung The development such territory the realise potential for Government 2012c). (HKSAR Also, HK sea the from benefited would be (HKIA) Airport International

River with the Macao Mun- Tuen north- movements. Bay BCP. BCP. Bay the regional context, In of openings infrastructures wouldthese boost T and North of Lantau

66 Planning & Development advantages. clear enjoys HK where could provide space development dustries in for the areasacuteaddressing major the development in demand, the housing serve2013 Policyto potentials with Address future Apart from housing demands. in New areas Territories adjoining the for access North identified transport in the required the improve thewill existing road network the in New Territories North as a whole, and provide LT/HYW the Fanling beand to constructedlinkingHighwayroad Theconnecting new BCP to meet public aspirations are limited due to physical constraints o east, To i.e. Man Kam ShaTau and which performance Kok for worksimproving BCPs, for InBCP the new HK, re will captialising the 峽西岸經濟區 that ) taken by establishing closer interaction( with the Western Zone Taiwan Economic Straits ( transport connections the with municipalities thewith improvedFurthermore, East forward thatput in the Master of Plan Shenzhen. ( Longg ang in new districts development associated opportunities grab the with the development to andenabling development,HK cooperationfor of regional HKfuture thehinterland economic extend the boundary would cross Both of confirmedthe the studies strategic new BCP need recognised thatthis and 2008). Government traffic, (HKSAR crossing point new engineeringof issues the and environmental BCP. theThe aexamine planning, commissioned further Planning study Department to People’ Municipal was jointly by commissioned and the Planning the relevant Department authorities of the SZ LT/HYWIn Study 2006, the Planning on BCP HK Associatedin its Connecting Road and northwestNew Territories wouldfacilitate link Kiuarea,possible spur Hung this lineto Shui development the of the provide interchange convenient which still under is publicengagement the in current would review andof RDS, updated and Taking railway apossible step forward, between linkage HK in the twoairports ) and Hieyang ( Hieyang and 潮州) -boundary economic cooperationeconomic with T infrastructure togetherwith th s Government in 2006 to explore 2006to in Government s benefits the need, and of a function new 揭陽 aims a hl HSRGvrmn 02) as 2012b). a Government whole (HKSAR east in Fujianfurther east ) and places ( - distribute thedistribute cross t strengthen at services for passengers for services ) and Pingshan ( Pingshan ) and 龍崗中心區 aiwan by ing the by competitiveness cities of coastal

in the GD East like Meizhou ( e associated e - boundary trafficboundary the amongst crossingsthe in .

between

highway linkages on both sidesof onboth highway linkages 福建

), opportunity could also be ), could opportunity the two ohH n Zsds n both HK and SZ sides.

) of SZ SZ ) of 坪山新城中心 New TerritoriesNew North airport 梅州), Chaozhou s . With its

SZ, SZ, 海 K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 67 e tronger trategic trategic driven or or driven attraction attraction economic for s

s. Greater job s. Greater more accessible, studies shown that that shown studies gravitational boundary infrastructureboundary - advantage become

mpirical mpirical ly vital for those industries and those vital for industries and ly

ties and ties and associated transport connections, the boundary traffic needs on a- demand needs traffic boundary - boundary development between HK and SZ, the the SZ, betweenboundary and development HK - economic interaction in the GPRD region and with and region in GPRD the economic interaction economic connections that eventually strengthen the strengthen economic connections that eventually cy of GPRD region as a whol for a reinforcing as GPRD of region thecy vibran urban thereby core, contributing to balancing the spatial geographical distance. E boundary facili -

s competitiveness as a global city.

has been applied in predicting intercity movements intercity people of in predicting and applied been has ’ ’ momentum s in the northern New Territories would s in northern the New Territories boundary transport infrastructure is not an end in infrastructure itself. boundary is end transport not an Improved - for HK. -looking and forward integrated more to a fromed individual projects increasing boundary transport infrastructure has been evolving with the strategic evolving transport been infrastructurewith strategic boundary has the

- and attractiveness of the constituent cities. cities. constituent the of attractiveness and the the from ctivities to transport linkages within a region could be regarded as as catalyst a regarded region within be a could linkages to transport of cross gravity model y focused on addressing basic basic cross focused on addressing y based basis. - socio closer With - Conclusion Conclusion eir population sizeeir and scale of economic development with the th new and improved and th new cross accessibility across theaccessibility would indeedboundary intensified facilitate more - socio cross the of from history evidenced As construction interactions. a set This in reinforcing turn which HK’ regional mobility and mobility and closer- regional socio competitiveness cross for Planning cross of planning early years, the HK. process for In planning improvement improvement primaril diminishing with with diminishing project deepening andthe their broadening of regional initiatives, cooperation the scope of s of area The time horizons. both and spatial of in been terms extending has planning concerns has stretch strategy development Wi valuable land resource offering a wider choice for location of home, employment and schools for the locals. locals. the schools for and employment home, choice for of location wider a offering Also, particular would be to Mainland the proximity inland close business that closer connections with GPRD could greater enjoy goods. goods. two places bondage is between of proportional strength that theorises relative the It th to The classic “ 4. and activities economic would boost Territories New in northern the opportunities available decentralise a

distribution of job opportunities over the territory and bringing jobs closer to bringing territory the and homes. over distribution job opportunities of

68 Planning & Development andDevelopment Government Planning Department Department, of the HKSAR DevelopmentNew Area Study andEngineering Planning HKSAR 委員會, (2010) 深圳市人民政府 Department, Government HKSAR Control and Point its Associated (20 Government HKSAR Development Bureau (20 Government HKSAR Government HKSAR 00) (20 Government HKSAR 圳市人民政府 (1996) 深圳市人民政府 Guangdong Province Su HK Government Executive (1993) Planning Government Department, HK HK (1990) Government and Works Branch, Government HK HK (1984) Government Secretar Department ofConstruction Guangdong of Bureau H Development Province, StudyPlanning on the Coordinated Development the of Greater Pearl River Delta Townships (2009) and Macao SAR HKSAR Governments GD, of References iat for Transportand Public Works of M Government Government 深圳市人民政府

and Planning Department, HKSAR Government Government Planning and Department, HKSAR , Planning Department, HK Government Government , Planning Department, HK

(201 Inception Report of the Review Territorial of Inception Report the of Development Strategy H 07) 08) 「深圳市城市總體規劃（「深圳市城市總體規劃（ ong K 1 1 Community Community ) Stage 1 Final Report of Hong Kong 2030: ReportHong of Kong PlanningFinal Vision and Strategy Planning StudyPlanning Liantang/Heung Yuen on Wai Cross Railway Development Strategy Development Railway 2000,Transport ong Territorial Development Strategy Results Initial

Connecting H Road in mmary of theof Studymmary Development of Trends in acao SAR acao Engagement Digest of the Hung Shui Kiu Hung Shui the DigestEngagement of 2010-2020 1996-2010

Consolidated Final Report Final Consolidated ng Kong –ong Kong ）」）」 ,

Civil Engineering and Engineering Civil 深圳市規劃和國土資源 , 深圳市規劃國土局 Feasibility KSAR Planning , -boundary

Bureau , Lands

of theof

and and 深 , , , , K.K. LING – Planning for Regional Mobility and Connectivity 69 , Transport Civil Engineering and and Engineering Civil , Government of the the , of HKSAR Government Chung New Tung of Digest the Engagement Public Engagement Digest of Digest Planning Engagement Public the and Public Engagement Consultation Engagement Public Document Stage Stage 2 Our Future Railway Review and Update of “Railway the Future Our Stage Stage 1 Public ) ) 2c Civil Engineering and Development Department and Planning and Department and Development Civil Engineering , (201 vernment (2012b) Go Government Government (2012a Development Department and Planning Department, Government of the HKSAR the of Department, Department Planning Government Development and HKSAR 2000” Strategy Development Stage 1 Department Highways and Bureau Housing and HKSAR Study Extension Town Engineering Study on Development of Lok Ma Chau ofLoop Ma Lok , on Development Study Engineering Government HKSAR the Department, of HKSAR

LIST OF HKIP MEMBERS AS AT JUNE 2013 71

M249 M250 M252 M253 M254 M255 M257 M258 M260 M261 M262 M263 M265 M266 M267 No. M209 M210 M211 M212 M213 M214 M216 M218 M221 M222 M223 M224 M225 M226 M227 M228 M229 M230 M233 M234 M236 M237 M238 M240 M241 M243 M244 M245 M246 M247 M248

3 3 Smith Peter

hung Shing,

Yuen Ling, Paulina Yuen

y Davidy John

g Wing g Wing Kwong,

Ng Yuk Man, David Yuk Ng Cheuk Hau Kwan MaggieChinYi, Man Chan Simon Pak Hay, Kiu Chung Yin, Alexander Siu Yee Lin, Richard Yee Siu Cookson Chan Yin Sang Ho Cheung,Tsang Robert Leung Mei Ling Yee Man Woo Sum Kuen,Tsang Simon Ho Chi Wing Fong Sally Sum Yee, Ha Sau Lam Chan C Harry Yin, HoLam Ka Angelica Ng Mun Sing Lam Chi Man, David Siu Sing,Tang Kenneth Cheung Cho Lam, Vincent Soh Chun Kwok Kau Kin Hong, Louis Shaw Catherine Jane Tim FungYin, Tin Leun Kris Man Hung,Tang Roger Name Li Cho Ming Chan Wallace Siu Wan, John NgYee, Cheuk Kitty Tsook, Shu Lam Sang Tak Wong Tze Hoi, Tom Tam Chi Wai Yeung Leung Wai Tang Kwan Lily May, Ya Yam Karen Yee, Fung Wong Sum, Terence Tak Chao Tim Ng Kwok Shun Wong Wun, Rebecca Austin Joseph Jerry Kiang Yin Kam Chung Man Kit, Ivan Agnes May, York Tang Fishle

M199 M200 M201 M202 M203 M208 M155 M158 M159 M162 M163 M166 M169 M170 M171 M172 M174 M175 M178 M179 M182 M184 M186 M187 M188 M189 M190 M191 M193 M194 M197 No. M132 M133 M134 M135 M137 M138 M139 M141 M143 M144 M145 M147 M150 M151 M152 M154

Fai, Marino Wah, Anna Wah,

lip Chau Yat Cheung,Chau Yat Lawrence Leung, Yan Chum Phillip Chan Po Ling, Margaret Fiona LungYuk, Siu ChengLai Sum, Lisa Ng Suk Kwan, Sandy Lai Ting Kwok, Vincent Ann OiWong Yee, Lam Wing Man Khong Yon Alice Chun, Liu Yee KamLIU Ming, Silas Chang Kwok Shing, Phi FrederickNgTsun, Siu Lau Wing Seung Kwong Po Ip Li Pui Leung Chap Ho Yau Lau Cheung Ching Pang Caroline Y Edward Ming, Wai Lo Derek SunYung, Che Man Vivian Wai Tsang Nam, Tony TSO Yiu Yue Chi Kin, Eric Yue Ling Chi Tack Lee Anthon Chi Yuen, Chu Hing Yin Sheung, Yuen Wong Ophelia Pauline Choi Yee, Lai Ikegaya Hiroshi Ngai Sik Keung Wilson Leung, Ying So Mei, Heidi Yuet Chan Rose Karen Seddon BrendaAuYing, Kit Kelvin Li Chi Huen, Roy Chan Chun Fung, Michael FONGShiu, Tak Teresa Chow Mun Margaret Fun, Wai Yip Chin, Steve Yiu Lo Kwok Chee Ho Ying Suet ChanShun, Wai Wilson Leung Yip Hung, Raymond Cheng Chi Ho,Wilfred Name

04 05 02 - - - M099 M101 M102 M107 M108 M109 M115 M126 M127 M130 M131 A A M042 M051 M05 M072 M074 M085 M090 M094 M096 F27 F28 F29 F30 F31 F32 F33 F34 F35 F36 F37 F38 A F03 F06 F09 F11 F12 F17 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26 No.

LIST OF HKIP MEMBERS AS AT JUNE 201 JUNE AT AS MEMBERS HKIP OF LIST

ristina

Siu Fong, Betty

Chung Pui Kai Chan Kwok Wing, Perry Keith Douglas Keith Perry OiLo Ling, Ch Yee Pong Yuen Lee ShuWing, Ernest Chi Fai, Charles Yum Chung,Lai Wai Lawrence Chan Yiu Chan Yiu Kwong, Michael Keung Tak Lee Chan Wing Wing Stephen Yiu, Man Wong Man, Wai Wong Raymond Tsang Ching Tsang Lun, Edwin David Yee, Oi Wong Chan PingAndrew Chiu, Leung Shu Ki ChanChoi, Tat Ted Lau Sing Teresa Chu Ying, Lai Li Chi Miu,Li Phyllis Bo Sin Tang Ho Kwan Pak William Lau Man Kwan, Julia Paulus Johannes ZIMMERMAN To Lap Kee, Kenneth Lap To Kwong ElvisWai Au Lit Fung, Owen Yue Shek Chi Man, Lillian Ling Kar Ka Kam Mee Ng Alan MacDonald Forbes Chan Kim On Ho Mak Hoi Cheung, Eunice Stanley Tat, Cho YIP David AuWai, Chi Man BunTang Leung Cheuk Fai, Jimmy Lo Chai Wan, EdmundLo ChaiWan, Tam Po Yiu Fong KwokWing, Peter IrisYing, Siu Tam Tse Suk Ava Ying, Lam SiuAndrew Lo, Ian Brownlee Name Pun Kwok Shing, Peter Anthony Gar On, Yeh Fung Chee Keung, Bosco

72 Planning & Development

Leung Siu Ping, Ping, Amy Siu Leung Johanna Wan Cheng Ying, TsangKeung Wing William Chau, Ying Kong TakNg Wah Siu Wah,Fan Connie WaiChan William Man, Woo Jacin Ching, Kit Hoi Yun,Chan Helen WaOn Cheung Tong Wu YiuChung, Kwan Lit Lam William Bernard Harrad Cecilia Ching, LEUNG Mi Ho YingKwong Kevin Pan, Chu Ng Kenneth Wai,Man Li Sui Yan,Lo Stephanie Hung, Pik Lai Ming Law Ng Shu Kar Kennie Fong, Mei Liu Fonnie Ling, Fung Hung Lau Siu Ha,Helen Kai Wah,Chan Eva Ronnie Cheong, Ming Chiu Yu Lap Kee,Richard Wong Ki Lap Mun Wah,Lam Joanna Young Pui Yin, Edwin NG Yuk Serena Hing, Name Christine Tse Ching, King Helen Lai Mui, So Pong Tat Law Alice Mak WongFong,Kit Au Hei Fan TANG Man Yee, Esther Wan, Al Chun Lui Tam Donna Yin Ping, Chau Kwai Chan Ping Siu Kong Tam Shang Kui Yip Oi Fong TatCheong Cheng PANG Willy Fai, Lai Yong,Ng Stella Yin Bo Lam Kim Bonita Ho Kam, YuetSo Sin Yin, Ka April Kun YunChung Chan Kit CHIU Yee, Kitty

John

Philip

M316 M315 M314 M313 M312 M310 M309 M3 M307 M306 M305 M303 M302 M301 M300 M299 M298 M297 M296 M295 M294 M290 M289 M288 M286 M285 M284 M283 M281 M280 M279 M278 M277 M276 M275 M274 M272 M271 M27 M269 M268 No. M329 M328 M326 M325 M324 M322 M321 M320 M319 M318 M317 08

Leung WaiSze, Hong Man Chow Otto Chan Wong Fung Kam Yiu Kuk Hung, Portia Name Cheung Simon Cheung Tse Pui Keung, Derek Yuk Cheung Yi, Alice Suet TING Yi, Doris Hannah Yick Nien, Hong Hon Meng WONG Michael CHEUNG Kee, Kin Wu Yuk Illis Ha, Dennis Kwong, King Mok Leong YeeTak, Yvonn Chu Pui Leung Yin Wai Wong Dickson Hung, Chak Hui WanBo HO CHU Fan Ha Tong Mei Kit TangTsui Yee,Caroline Joshua Chee, Kwok Kan Vivian Foon, Man Lai On, Anthony Kwok Luk Tak Eureka Yiu,Cheng Wong Erica Mee, Siu Shing Kin Lee James Wong King, Hau Hau Yin,Chan Margaret Ernest Man, Chi Fung WaiLai Yee, Anissa Kai Raymond Wing, Lee Lee YamSang Amy YiMei, Cheung Kam Suk Chan Wing Yuen Lam Benny Chung, Ping Kwan Douglas Philip Black Eliane Ling, Mei So Lee Kit Tak, Jessica Wai Sin Yu Yee, Ming Wu Amy Tong Wong, Po Emily Paulina Shuet, Lim Pun Nga Man Andrew Biu, Wing Cheng Ho Yuen Jessica Ching, Chan Yuen Phoebe Mei, Edmond Pak, Sung Chiu Otto Lun, Ping Cheng Wong Wai Gina Man, Wai,ToKam Annie Fong Wai Billy Kit, Lam TakKeung

Chee, Irene

Mina

M361 M360 M358 M357 M355 M354 M353 M352 M351 M348 M346 M345 M344 M343 M342 M341 M340 M339 M338 M337 M336 M335 M333 M332 No. M392 M391 M390 M389 M388 M387 M386 M385 M384 M383 M382 M381 M380 M379 M378 M377 M376 M375 M374 M373 M3 M371 M370 M369 M368 M367 M366 M365 M364 M363 M 362 72

Chan WaiChan Li Lam KwokChun, Greg LAU Fung Yee, Rebecca Ng Wai Candy Man, Raymond Pong, Chun Law Dickson Chung, Kwok Mok Kwan Yee Fai, Mike YingKit Lau Yiu Yuk,Isabel Yu Au Alan Lun, CHU Wi Wong Kan Man Theron Kong, CHAN King Steven Leung, Ng Kwok Cindy Lee, Tsang Ann Theresa Yeung Shan, Wing Simon Keung, Chi Cheung WingWongHeung Tam YeeTing,Pamela Lee Hoi Yee, Evelyn K Ling, Cheuk Chan Name TSANG Chiu Kei TSANG Chiu Herman Ming, Hiu Ng Terence WaiCheung, Leung Hing Chung Hung Lee Thomas WaiHo Hung Cynthia Kiu, Sze Fung YunKok Chan Josephine Ying,Man Lam Venus WaiChan Sum, Lay, Ka Siu Lo Yuk Josephine Man, Yuen Michelle Sin, Man Viola Hung, Chu WaiLee Ying,Joanna Jennifer WAN Ting, Cheuk Lai Mei Yue, Daisy Yee,Hou YUEN Angela Anna Chu, WongOi Flora Kwan, Shin Lai Helen YanLung Cheung, WongWai Yee,Michelle Ling Wai Chow YuLui Timonthy Man, Yang Channy Ching, Wong Sheung Chiu Sze LaiLily Hung, YiChung Cheng WongElaine Yuk Ling, Oi Tsz,So Teresa

ng Hei, Alvin Hei, ng

Grace ng

athy

M447 M446 M445 M444 M443 M442 M441 M440 M439 M438 M437 M436 M435 M434 M433 M432 M431 M430 M429 M427 M4 M424 M423 M422 M421 M420 M419 M417 M416 M415 M414 M413 M412 M411 M410 M409 M408 M406 M405 M404 M403 M402 M401 M400 M399 M398 M397 M396 M395 M394 M393 No. 25

LIST OF HKIP MEMBERS AS AT JUNE 2013 73

M593 M594 M595 M596 M597 M598 M599 M600 M601 M602 M603 M604 M605 M606 M607 M608 M609 M610 M611 M612 No. M558 M559 M560 M561 M562 M563 M564 M565 M566 M567 M568 M569 M570 M571 M572 M573 M574 M575 M576 M577 M578 M579 M580 M581 M582 M583 M584 M585 M586 M587 M588 M589 M590 M591 M592

Joe

Edith

Yee

Hong Lei Hong

濤濤晨

Au Yeung Wan Man Wan Au Yeung Ka Kan Lo Ho,Siu Yik Steven Ting, Yik FloriaTsang Cheung Hoi Hiu Kwan,Wai Apo 徐國輝王巍劉建浩伍傳順余勇李海宏吳頌 Nga, Gladys Sze Ng Chan Chin Hung, Hoong Voon Lay Lam , Wai LirivsLee Leung Zin Hang, Ebby Mou Yan Ka Lau Sau Yee Katherine Yee, Ho Wong Cheung Hiu Nam Ki Yik Lee Kit,Wing Chan Kenny Sincere Sze, Chung Kan Fung Ka Wun, Chui Wong Tracy Ying, LeungSze, Lok Lucille ChanTing, Sin Sandy Cheng Pui Kan Lau Ka Wing Yan Au Yue Name Jacqueline Chan Pak Kan ChanLam Wai Mak Chung Hang Li Sok Ching Nelson HungTan, Yung Chan Ka Ho Yip, Mak Weng Alexander Hei Yin Wong 李吳慶軍周鄧孟仁朱 Sing, Ka Charles Li Pui Sze, Canetti Yu Ling,Sze Yuen Gloria Chan Ho, KennethYin Chiu Shing, GaryTak Lui Lo Sing Wun KARMIN Tong Chung Lai,Wong Frank 趙振宇

M552 M553 M554 M555 M556 M557 M527 M528 M529 M530 M531 M532 M533 M534 M535 M536 M537 M538 M539 M540 M541 M542 M543 M544 M545 M546 M547 M548 M549 M550 M551 No. M504 M505 M506 M507 M508 M509 M510 M511 M512 M513 M514 M515 M516 M517 M518 M519 M520 M521 M522 M523 M524 M525 M526

萍丹叱凱兵偉放曉 Pui Yee, Pearl Yee, Pui

吳曉莉項昺馮鳴黃大田何化忠王周為 Li Man Hon HelenYing, Hoi Wan Ming Yee Fu Kit Man, JaniceWan Cheuk Ching Ping, Yu Lap Kei, Kei, Lap Lake Yu Leung HoiTing, Jannie Karen Wai, Ka Chan KwongNgai Wang Ivy ChoWa, Wong Au Pui Yu Kay Ka Lee So Shuk Yee Pui Sai, KittyWong 周龔建新左泓范朝陽鐘紅梅唐震黃巍李凌華陶小羊孫儀鵬周安偉伍潔袁浩志鄧煜軍吳濤 Cheung Ka Kei 徐董張詠梅齊 Hui Tak Wing Wong Alan Kay, Kar Lau David FokWai, Chi Leung Pui Ching 丁秀雲白晨曦周珂 Name 李宗赤呂周胡獻麗李

M491 M492 M493 M494 M495 M496 M497 M498 M499 M500 M501 M502 M478 M479 M480 M481 M48 M483 M484 M485 M486 M487 M488 M489 M490 M464 M466 M467 M468 M469 M470 M471 M472 M473 M474 M475 M476 M452 M453 M454 M455 M456 M458 M459 M460 M461 M462 M463 No. M448 M449 M450 M451

wun Hang, Hang, wun

hung Gay, Sharonhung Gay, 敏

g Po Kwan

g Ka Wah 盧秀華朱文華 Tan Shui Ling,Erin Yeung MingCheuk Yuk Leung Kam Shing ChanJoseph Yeung, Tin 王冼京暉 Yeung Chi Shing Yeung Cheung Chi Ming Lee Po Kwan, Edmund Alison Yi, Ip Wai Kin NingLam Lam Yee Mei Lau Chi Fai, Stanley Chan Wing Chuen Sheung,Luk Yin Veronica Winnie Yin, Wan Wu Chi Kwai Yip Chan Lai Cheung Kan Ka Man Ka Kan Poon Chi Fai, Larry Sujata Subbu GOVADA Anthony Chi, Kui Ip Yee Leung Wai Na Ki Lee Fai, Wing Ng Stanley Patrick Kenny Him, Chun LAU Ying, ChanKenneth Tsz N Kin YU Wai David Wai, Tai Tam Kin Ki Lee Carmen WONG Elim Emily Man, Wai IP Leung Hoi Chun, Edward Fun, Mei Rowena Lee FUNG Mo Yeung, NG Kim Wai Leung Kwok Man, Lautrec CHAN K Coway CHAUMai, Yin Lisa CHAN Suet Ying, Christine Ma Yiu Chung, Denis Francis Fai, Ka Lam Chun KwokWong Lee Yee Sin Hui Chi Ming, Lawrence Kepler ShingYip, Yuen Name Liu C Wing, Yin Wong

74 Planning & Development

Hurlow John Wong Wan, King Bille Yap Kevin Keung, Kwok TangYork Wan, Angela Connie Yuk Lam Ching, LoWing Yee Mok Wai Karina Man, Chung Pun Chan Man Pak Au Catherine Ip WaiChan Nor, Stewart Cook Alison Doreen Chi, YimChan Sung Chen Chan Winnie Che, Siu Ho Hyslop JohnStewart Chiu Ping Mok Alfred Kwong, Yiu Lau Li Kwong Chi Anthony TsoiKwan Kwai, Woo Chi Sun Wong Kui Chi Son Cham Chau Stewart Yeung Chiang, Kam Lai Yee,Siu Maria Leung Chun Wai, Joseph Yu,Tze Henry Kwok Lam Pui Tse YanMing Leung Li YeeTing Fai Wing Kwan YuHing Sit Lee Kent Ka Ho, Name Lau Chui YuChui Lau Wing Suet Ng Philip Sang, Dick Chan Eva Wa, Hiu Wan WahMan Cheng WaiFung Sze, Ada YeeWongHang WaiLeung Man ChoiLung, Kam Franky Tam Josephine Wing Ka, Thomas Chuen, Siu Luk Wan WaiCheuk Chrisilia Ching, Wing Lam Chun Ka Cheung Lee WingSee Fung WingSze Vivian Tsang YiChing, Regina Lai, Ming Chang Kit Chun LEE Tim Chi IP SUN Kwok Kee Tak,Francis Lau

, Collette ,

Heather Heather

Philip

S585 S583 S579 S576 S575 S566 S529 S522 S461 S430 S410 S403 S375 S369 S341 S329 S325 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R20 R18 R17 R16 R1 R12 R08 R06 M618 M617 M616 M615 M614 M613 No. S640 S639 S630 S628 S625 S620 S616 S610 S602 S600 S599 S589 3

Lo YeeHa Serena Tong Yau Sau Yee, Sophie Li WaiKit Cheng Calvin Name Lam Sin Mei Sin Lam Lam Cheuk Kan Chung Ho Ting, Elton WaSuet Chu Chi Ling Cheung Brian Leung, Cheuk Chau A.F.M. Ashraful Alam Chan Judy YingChui Cheung Ernest Yip Man, Kin Clement Miu Wendy WanLee Ling, Young Heyson Hei, Ping Lam TszKwan LaiMa Kei, Vicky Shirley Kei, Ka Chan Mak Tsz Wai Po Kai Chan Wu Peter Kate Kit, Sin Kwok Wing TakChan Kit Man Choi Choi YatNang Yeung Li Jing TatLeung Lam YingMei Law John Ho, Che Chan YiChui Ng Tam Ka Yan, Eva Lee Carol Ka Ho, ManHo Sze Tang Daniel Yiu Chung, Nga Sze Kong Yeung,Chi Eric Chiu Chue Wai Raymond Ho, Tam Chi Lo Hau Elizabeth Men, Leung Wai Ricky Kit, Cecilia Ying,Kwok Chan WaiChiu Yee,Betty Maggie Wu Kei, Ho Wan Ho Ka Benson Kit, Fu Poon Yin,Shaun Cheuk Chan Chung Chun Yu Keung Lin Ronnie Siu Kei, Pui Man Pok Or Lu,So Kar Carol Tam WingLun Clement Man, Ka Cheng Law Alfred Shue Nam Shue Law Alfred

Wai Cathy Shan,

n Yue,Willie

Man, Ricky

S717 S715 S710 S708 S707 S703 S702 S699 S695 S694 S693 S691 S690 S688 S685 S684 S683 S680 S678 S677 S673 S672 S667 S666 S655 S653 No. S773 S771 S S769 S768 S767 S766 S765 S764 S763 S762 S761 S760 S757 S755 S751 S750 S748 S747 S746 S745 S744 S743 S742 S741 S738 S736 S734 S733 S732 S728 S723 770

Fung WingHang, Melanie RIACH Tang Yik YiuFai Pang Nancy Ho Wing Hei, Winnie Sin Yi,Pang Cindy Him Chung YinHo Chan Ning Hom Lok Wong Cheong Pak Yin, Wong Anita Mo Lake Hang, Lek So Abraham C Leung Lee YinTing Steve Hung, Siu Cheung Wing Yan Chan Hung Wei Daniel Cherk James Lok Yi,Natalie Chan YanChing Cheung Leong Ho Ka Yee Kam Yip WanWai Yan Name Ng Pui Shan Pui Ng Yu Cui Mo Chuen Ka Liu Li Qian Barton YinCheung, Leung Hei Sui Leung Esther Man, Sau Leung Lee Ho Ching, Adrian Lau Sze Hong Hon Tin Lam Hei Lam WaiKwok Michell San, Hin Man Kwok FungChi Keong Catherina Ning, Kar Chu Choy Edwin Yik Fung, YatChan Man Silvia Lee, Kwan Chan Ka Connie Wing, Chan Stephanie Kei, Hoi Chan Distinction Chan Wong Po Wong Tak Wun Ming Chiu Ma Law Hei Ho Ngai Sung Chiu Wing Ho Cheung YukLaw Ling Woo Ching Man Heng Cheung Kan WaiLau Cheung Mathew Yuen Ling, Wing

hik Keung, Keung, hik

Ting, Edwin Kit

S833 S832 S831 S830 S829 S828 S827 S826 S825 S824 S823 S822 S821 S820 S819 S818 S817 S816 S815 S814 S813 S812 S811 S810 S809 S808 S807 S806 S805 S803 S802 S800 S799 S798 S797 S796 S765 S794 S793 S792 S790 S788 S787 S786 S785 S784 S783 S782 S781 S779 S778 S777 S776 S774 No.

LIST OF HKIP MEMBERS AS AT JUNE 2013 75

869 No. S859 S860 S861 S862 S863 S864 S865 S866 S867 S868 S S870

Name Chiu Pak Him Joe KwanYam, Cho Kwok In Wai Lau Chi King,Vincent Li Chun Yu Mokhlesur RAHMAN Lap Wai Tang Hai Tian Wang Cho Ting Wong Kin Ho, KennethYeung Sheung Chi,Yeung Henry Zhang Yuan

No. S846 S847 S848 S849 S850 S851 S852 S853 S854 S855 S856 S857 S858

iel

Man Yee

Yeung Kwan Yeung - Chan Yuk Yee, Anna Yee, Chan Yuk Yin Sau Lam Sin Ho Ting David Steven WALLIS Meng Ya Yu Au Chan Chun Yim Cheung Name Mak Ka Ar Lam, Jacqueline Ha, Kit Tse ShuangZi Wong Hiu Lam, CheryIYeung Cynthia Chan

S839 S840 S841 S842 S843 S844 S845 No. S834 S835 S836 S837 S838

Gwun

Koon Sun Fai Sun Koon Kwan Ling, Dorcas Lo Yin, Wing Bryanne Janice Tse ChunTse Yu Nan Yan San, Helena Yuen Pang Brownlee Loren Kira Chan Lok Ting Bing Chen Yu Chow Chun Chi, Cecil Name So Tsz Lui To Yuen

76 Planning & Development

LIST 44 43 42 39 38 34 30 29 28 26 21 19 18 17 15 12 11 10 9 7 6 3 1 No RPP 87 85 79 78 75 73 72 69 68 67 66 61 59 55 49 47 46 45

NAME PETER COOKSON SMITH COOKSON PETER CHENG LAI SUM LISA LING KAN KAR WAI WILLIAM MAN CHAN SIMON TSANG SUM KUEN REBECCA SHUN WUN WONG TO LAP KEE ROSE SEDDON KAREN KHONG YON FAI MARINO YAMLEE SANG PANG Y.CAROLINE HARRY CHUNG SHING CHAN MAN WING LAM TACKCHI LING WAISHUN CHAN CHI WAI YEUNG AU TAMHOI TZE TANGMAY YORK AGNES KAI CHUNG PUI LAWRENCE LAI WAI CHUNG CHEUK FAILEUNG JIMMY HO SIUFONG BETTY KIT IVANCHUNG MAN TAM SIU IRIS YING CHAN ON KIM TANG SIN BO FAN SIU WAH CONNIE RAYMOND WAIWONG MAN CHIYUM FAI KELVIN WING KWOK CHAN TANG SIUSING AU KIT BRENDA YING ANTHONY YUEN CHI LEE TAM YIU PO GARYEH O EDWIN LUN TSANG CHING SHING KWOK PUN WANCHAI LO ANDREW CHIU CHAN PING CHAUCHAM SON

OF PROFES REGISTERED WAI ELVIS KWONG

N ANTHONY N

姓彭陳林凌陳楊區譚鄧鍾黎梁何鍾譚陳鄧范黃任陳鄧區李譚葉曾潘盧陳周鄭凌陳曾黃杜薛鄺李

浣松永志偉志偉子若沛偉焯小文小劍寶小偉志國兆潔志寶嘉正國濟炳湛禮嘉偉森舜立嘉潤鑫名

儀盛文德信威光愷薇佳聰輝芳傑瑩安善華民輝榮星英源堯安麟城環釗燊森勤文權浣基蓮輝生 SIONAL PLANNERS AS A AS PLANNERS SIONAL No RPP 109 108 106 105 104 103 101 100 99 98 96 95 93 92 89 88 148 147 146 144 142 139 138 137 134 132 131 13 128 127 126 123 122 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 111

0 .

NAME SIT KEUNG KWOK LAWRENCE CHAU YATCHEUNG LAU SIUHA HELEN LAPWONG KI ME CHEUNG YI YU LAP KEE LO YU KWAN RUPERT FONG KWOK PETER WING EUNICE CHEUNG MAK HOI NG CHEUK JOHN YEE SIKKEUNG NGAI LEUNG SO YING LEE SHU WING ERNEST BROW LAU CHEUNG CHING IKEGAYA HIROSHI LAM TAKLAM KEUNG LAM HA SAU PA CHAN BENNY KWAN CHUNG PING DOUGLAS BLACK, PHILLIP YIP FONG OI CHENG TATCHEONG JOHANNA WANCHENG YING AUCHEUNG MING FAN HEI AU CHUNG YIU WU YIN BO LAM NG SUK KWAN LAW MING BONITA KAM HO KIM STELLA NG YONG KWONG HO YING SHU KI LEUNG LO WAI EDWARD MING FAI WILLYPANGLAI CHAN TATCHOI TED TSO OPHELIA SHEUNG YUEN WONG KWONG WING LEUNG WONG WAI GINA MAN CHAN HOI YUN HELEN

YIU NAM, TONY YIU NLEE IAN THOMAS IAN NLEE

K HAY SIMON

I AMY I

T 201 JUNE

薛周劉黃張余羅方麥伍倪蘇李劉池姓林林陳關寶葉鄭鄭區區胡林吳羅何黃何梁盧彭陳曹黃梁黃陳

國日笑立綺立如國凱灼錫應樹長谷德秀  炳力愛達韻長晞燿寶淑民劍蓉應樹惠禮達耀婉榮慧凱名

強昌霞基薇基琨榮薔宜強亮榮正弘強霞熙松勤芳昌瑩明凡聰燕君琴光基明輝材南霜光敏恩 3 LIST OF REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL PLANNERS AS AT JUNE 2013 77 春兒華民梅薇儀常玲琼鵬蒂偉樂剛煌仙慈敏忠玲輝虹兒熙雯強用強紅強倫儀強群清貞森森邦霞儀怡勤文珊

名國慧淑國麗雅潔超惠月展思志啟勁寶月愛慧國玉以麗鳳永慧佩知志碧永裕慧永列玉美德旭振玉玉愷民業詠

林汪陳梁蘇任譚黃周湯歐曾區潘陳唐蘇蘇吳莫黃關施劉朱曾姓謝孫張賴曾區陳鄧藍林梁巢黃羅胡張李王張楊

ING

NDY ANNE ANNE NDY LEE

LAM KWOK LAM CHUN WONG WAIYEE MICHELLE ANNIE CHAN SHUK WAH KWOK MANLEUNG LAUTREC THERESA HELEN MUI LAI SO YAM YA MAY LILY TAM KIT I WONG SHEUNG CHIU LING WAI CHOW YUET TONG KING PANG AU CHIN CI TSANG DAVID AU WAI CHI POON KAI LOK KING KONGCHAN THERON WONG EMILY PO TONG YUET SO SIN SO TERESA TSZ OI MAN NG WAI MOK KWOK CHUNG DICKSON WONG YUK L MIKE YEE FAI KWAN HUNG SZE LAI LAU FUNG YEE CHU WING HEI ALVIN MAN VIVIAN WAI TSANG TSE PUI KEUNG YUNG DEREK CHE SUN CHEUNG KEUNG CHI SIMON PIKLAI HUNG WINGTSANG KEUNG YU AU LUN YICHAN WAI WING KEUNG TANG LAM LIT KWAN YUK LAM CHING MI CHINGLEUNG CECILIA SUMCHAO TERENCE TAK WONG YUK SUM CHUN PONG LAW WU YUK HA YUKCHEUNG ALICE YI LEE YEE HOI WONG MAN KAN SIMONCHEUNG YEUNG WING SHAN NAME

. 19 267 268 269 270 234 235 236 237 238 241 243 244 245 247 248 250 251 252 253 255 256 258 259 260 264 266 208 210 213 214 215 216 217 218 2 221 222 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 232 233 RPP RPP No 瑩珠鴻玲揚霖良安德業儀源鴻紅森國誠國榮賢賢卿威然炘輝德邦雄儀芬經賢偉明韶治柏萍庭

名淑佩業寶武祖國敏鎮智偉瑋玉民沛瑞永懿國潔承展翠正澤菊潤偉孝巧劍自德國崇燕志達文明霞

謝梁梁陳馮張吳吳黃何黃蕭吳李楊盧吳梁陸李袁姚鄧馬許饒甄劉黃陳吳許方簡趙譚劉姓羅鄧胡朱

LAM

CHEUNG CHO CHO CHEUNG NG KWOK LEUNG STEVEN LEUNG PUILEUNG CHU YIP LEUNG HUNG RAYMOND PO CHAN LING MARGARET FUNG MO YEUNG PATRICK LO SUI YAN PHILIP YAN SUI LO STANLEY WING FAI NG YVONNE YEE LEONG TAK HARRAD BERNARD WILLIAM TSE SUK YING AVA WONG WAI YIN WONG WAI YIN FLORENCE SIU WAI YUK HING SERENA NG KENNETH WAI MAN LI JOHN YIN EDWIN YOUNG PUI YIU KUK HUNG, PORTIA YIU KUK HUNG, SUM BARRY YAN YAN KWOK JASI WAI LIU NG MUN SING WONG KWOK CHUN HO WINGCHI YIU STEVE CHIN TSUI YEE TANG CAROLINE YUEN JOSEPH CHING MA HUNGHUI CHAK DICKSON JOSHUA EDMOND PAK SUNG CHIU YIN PING DONNA TAM LAU TINGCHI KWOK ONLUK JESSIC TAK KIT LEE KEPLER YIP YUEN SHING CHAN CHAN HAU YIN MARGARET NG KIM WAI HUI MING CHI LAWRENCE SHIU TERESA TAK FONG KAN KWOK CHEE TANG MAN HUNG ROGER TANG WU MING YEE AMY FAN HA CHU WONG HAU KING JAMES MACDONALD ALAN FORBES LAW TAT PONG TAT LAW NAME

. 78 205 206 200 201 202 203 189 190 193 195 198 181 182 184 186 188 175 176 177 1 179 180 170 172 173 174 164 165 166 167 168 169 157 158 160 161 162 151 152 154 155 156 RPP RPP No 149

78 Planning & Development

315 314 313 310 309 308 306 305 304 302 300 299 297 296 295 294 292 291 288 287 282 281 280 278 276 275 274 273 No RPP 322 321 320 319 317 316 .

NAME HUI PUI YEE, PEARL YEE,PUI HUI LING SHUI YEUNG WAIIP YI, ALISON SIU KALAY, GRACE LEE KA KAY HERMAN MING NG HIU VERONICA SH LUK YIN CHUENLUK SIU IP CHI KUI KAN KA MAN LAICHAN CHEUNG LEE KI KIN TAKFRANCIS LAU VIVIAN CHING TSANG YI LAI REGINA CHANG MING LEE THOMAS LISA MAI CHAU YIN MEI YEE LAM KANG WAH KIT YING LAU LIU GAY, CHUNG SHARON YUN KOK CHAN COWAY HANG CHAN KWUN CHOW HONG MAN HELEN LUNG YAN CHEUNG JOS YING MAN LAM SIN MAN YUEN LEE SIN YEE CINDY YEE WING LO SHEEBA TSANG HUNG YANG CHING WAILEE JOANNA YING LO JOSEPHINE YUK MAN LAI SHINKWAN FLORA EPHINE

EUNG EUNG

楊李盧黎姓許楊葉蕭李吳陸陸葉簡陳李劉曾張李周林吳劉廖陳陳周龍林阮李盧曾

倩慧玉倩貝瑞慧嘉家曉迎紹鉅嘉禮建德薏明建燕美家潔頌國冠文欣敏文倩穎紅名

瑩敏君兒玲儀莉琪鳴霜傳志敏璋基澄麗華薇儀華瑩基欣恆康翔瑩倩儀儀 No RPP 341 340 339 338 337 336 335 334 333 332 331 330 329 328 327 326 325 324 323 354 353 352 351 350 349 348 347 346 345 344 343 342 .

NAME AU PUI YU PUI AU NG SZE NGA GLADYS HO KONCHUNG LUI TAK SHINGGARY KIT LEE CHUN LI KA SINGCHARLES JOSEPH YEUNG TIN CHAN SZE CANETTI YU PUI HEI WONG JULIANYIN LAU KAY, KAR ALAN NELSON TAN,HUNG YUNG HO WAN POON TANG KWAN PO ANNY JACQUELINE PING CHEUK CHING CARMEN YING,SUET CHAN MING FU YEE M SAI, KITTY PUI WONG FOK CHI WAI, DAVID CLEMENT CHENG KA MAN, YIN WING LO BRYANNE JANICE TANG KING YAN SU SIU HOSTEVEN YIK LEICHAN HON EBBY ZINLEUNG HANG LAM SIN MEI YEE SAU LAU LEE KAI RAYMONDWING LINGLO CHRISTINA OI PAKCHAN KAN L YI MO LEE O SING WUN SING O AK CHUNG HANG AKCHUNG

NNY

區吳何呂李李陳余黄劉翁潘鄧卓陳傅麥黃霍姓鄭盧鄧蕭陳梁林劉李盧陳盧李

佩詩幹德俊嘉天佩曦家胸浩保靜雪義仲沛志加穎敬亦康善善秀啓愛伯星霧名

瑜雅忠成傑聲揚詩然麒坦雲君萍盈明恆茜偉文妍恩豪妮姮美儀榮玲勤桓儀