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Jefferson Rodrigues Maciel1,2,4, Rafael Louzada2 & Marccus Alves2,3

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Jefferson Rodrigues Maciel1,2,4, Rafael Louzada2 & Marccus Alves2,3 Rodriguésia 66(2): 477-492. 2015 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566215 Aechmea Ruiz & Pavón from the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest Jefferson Rodrigues Maciel1,2,4, Rafael Louzada2 & Marccus Alves2,3 Abstract Herein we present a taxonomic synopsis of Aechmea species from Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará states. The lack of a taxonomic key for identification of species, the high rate of endemism and the recent novelties published within Aechmea from this region motivated this work. Samplings were conducted in areas of all states studied between 2010 and 2014. We identified 27 species in the study areas while two names were excluded from the species list compiled from the literature. The subgenus Aechmea was the most representative with 20 species. Of particular importance was the Gravisia complex, represented by ten of the 14 species that form this informal taxonomic group. Pernambuco and Alagoas were the most species-rich compared to the other states. For each species found in the study area, we present identification keys, comments on the taxonomic relationships, habitat information and geographical distribution. Key words: Bromeliaceae, Poales, taxonomy, morphology. Introduction In the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest, Sousa & Wanderley (2000) recorded ten species of Aechmea Ruiz & Pavon comprises nearly 250 Aechmea for the state of Pernambuco and later, Leme species distributed in eight subgenera and is one of & Siqueira-Filho (2006) found 23 species in the states the most representative genera of Bromelioideae of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Martinelli et al. (2008) (Forzza et al. 2014; Smith & Downs 1979). The recognized Pernambuco and Alagoas as a region with species occur from Mexico to southern Brazil, high diversity and endemism of Bromeliaceae within Uruguay and northern Argentina (Butcher & Gouda the Atlantic Forest which was confirmed by Maciel cont. upd.; Forzza et al. 2014; Smith & Downs et al. (2015). 1979). In the Atlantic Forest, 140 species have been The Atlantic Forest fragments have not yet cited (Martinelli et al. 2008; Forzza et al. 2014), received enough attention concerning their diversity which represents more than 50% of the species of bromeliads, especially in the Brazilian Northeast. richness of Aechmea. These forest remnants exhibit a range of edaphic, The relationships among lineages within geomorphological and altitudinal aspects (Ferraz & Aechmea are still unclear (Givnish et al. 2014, Rodal 2008). Sometimes these remnants can be found 2011; Sass & Specht 2010; Schulte et al. 2009; inserted in a semiarid matrix and are locally known Horres et al. 2007; Givnish et al. 2007; Schulte et as “brejos de altitude” (Thomas & Barbosa 2008). al. 2005), reflecting the traditional difficulties in In this region, recent discoveries have expanded the classifying and establishing a precise definition of geographical distribution of species (Magalhães et the genus (Faria et al. 2010; Wendt 1997; Smith & al. 2014) and new taxa have been described (Leme Downs 1979). However, the delimitation proposed & Scharf 2011). Furthermore, recent advances in our by Smith & Downs (1979) has been largely used in knowledge of Aechmea phylogeny have indicated the taxonomic studies (Butcher & Gouda cont. upd., role of biogeography on the systematics of the genus Forzza et al. 2014; Aguirre-Santoro & Betancur (Sass & Specht 2010), highlighting the importance 2008; Martinelli et al. 2008; Martins et al. 2007). of regional taxonomic studies. 1 Prefeitura da Cidade do Recife, Jardim Botânico do Recife, Km 7,5 da BR 232, s/n, Curado, 50000-230, Recife, PE, Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Morfo-Taxonomia Vegetal, Av. Moraes Rego, s.n., CDU, 50670-930, Recife, PE, Brasil. 3 Temporary address: Senckenberg Naturmuseum. 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 4 Author for correspondence: [email protected] 478 Maciel, J.R; Louzada, R. & Alves , M. In this work, we studied Aechmea species from (12 spp.), Rio Grande do Norte (3 spp.) and Ceará (4 the northern part of the Atlantic Forest (Alagoas, spp.) states. Species richness decreases from south Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and to north, reflecting on a local scale the same pattern Ceará states) and provide identification keys as discussed by Martinelli et al. (2008) for the Atlantic well as geographical and ecological information Forest. No specimens were found to confirm the for the species. occurrence of A. marauensis Leme cited to Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraiba (Forzza et al. 2014). Material and Methods Aechmea conifera L.B. Smith was also excluded Field work was performed from December because the specimens cited by Sousa & Wanderley 2010 to July 2014 in montane, submontane and (2000) belong to A. serragrandensis Leme & J.A. lowland Atlantic Forest fragments from Alagoas, Siqueira-Filho. Thus, A. conifera and A. marauensis Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte are now restricted to Bahia. states. We have included the “brejos de altitude” in Among the 27 species recorded here, Aechmea our study area, although they are not recognized as subg. Aechmea Baker is represented by 20 species, part of the Atlantic Forest (Thomas & Barbosa 2008). A. subg. Chevaliera (Gaudichaud ex Beer) Baker by Voucher specimens were deposited at UFP four, and Aechmea subg. Lamprococcus (Beer) Baker, herbarium and duplicates sent to RB and NY. A. subg. Macrochordion (De Vriese) Baker, and A. Collections at ALCB, ASE, CEPEC, EAC, HRB, subg. Pothuava (Baker) Baker by one species each. HUEFS, IAN, INPA, IPA, JPB, MAC, MBML, The Gravisia species complex (Read & Luther MIRR, MPEG, NY, PEUFR, RB, UFP, UFRN, 1991) is the richest informal taxonomic group in the UFRR, US and VIES were also analyzed. To confirm study area with 10 of the 14 species recognized as species identification, protologs and type specimens belonging to this complex by Leme & Siqueira-Filho were consulted. (2006) and Read & Luther (1991). The Aechmea lingulata complex is represented in the area by four Results and Discussion species. This taxonomic complex combines 21 species We registered 27 species of Aechmea in distributed in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest of Brazil Alagoas (17 spp.), Pernambuco (20 spp.), Paraíba and the Caribbean (Leme & Siqueira-Filho 2006). Key to the Species of Aechmea from the northern Atlantic Forest 1. Leaf blade margins entire ................................................................................. 18. Aechmea marginalis 1ʼ. Leaf blade margins dentate or serrulate 2. Leaf blades variegated ................................................................................2. Aechmea atrovittata 2ʼ. Leaf blades green on both surfaces or adaxially green and abaxially vinaceous 3. Inflorescences simple 4. Floral bracts absent; inflorescence axis wholly exposed ...........22. Aechmea nudicaulis 4ʼ. Floral bracts present; inflorescence axis completely hidden by bracts 5. Leaves shorter or nearly as long as the inflorescence, 20–60 cm long ................... ............................................................3. Aechmea bromeliifolia var. bromeliifolia 5ʼ. Leaves much longer than the inflorescence, 65–220 cm long 6. Inflorescences 11–15 cm long, fertile part 7.5 cm long .................................. ......................................................................................14. Aechmea gustavoi 6ʼ. Inflorescence 60–80 cm long, fertile part 11–25 cm long 7. Floral bracts with margins densely serrulate ........................................... ............................................................................20. Aechmea multiflora 7ʼ. Floral bracts with margins entire 8. Inflorescences glaucous; floral bracts 1.9–2.8 cm × 1–1.4 cm ........ .....................................................................21. Aechmea muricata 8ʼ. Inflorescences yellow; floral bracts 7–7.5 cm × 3.8–4.5 cm ........... ......................................................... 25. Aechmea serragrandensis Rodriguésia 66(2): 477-492. 2015 Aechmea from northeastern Atlantic Forest 479 3ʼ. Inflorescences compound 9. Floral bracts ≥ 1 cm long 10. Inflorescence 10–12 branched 11. Primary bracts as long as or longer than the basal branches, erect, suberect or reflexed 12. Primary bracts suberect to erect; floral bracts 1.2–1.4 cm long; pedicels 4–5 mm long ....................................................................................5. Aechmea catendensis 12ʼ. Primary bracts reflexed; floral bracts 1.5–2 cm long; pedicels 1–2.5 mm long ...... .........................................................................................9. Aechmea emmerichiae 11ʼ. Primary bracts distinctly shorter than the basal branches, divergent 13. Leaf blade apex attenuate, acute; primary bracts ovate-lanceolate; floral bracts much shorter than the internodes ..........................................10. Aechmea eurycorymbus 13ʼ. Leaf blade apex truncate, pungent; primary bracts ovate; floral bracts slightly longer than the internodes ...................................................13. Aechmea guainumbiorum 10ʼ. Inflorescence 4–8 branched 14. Peduncle bracts green; branches spreading; rachis partly exposed, sepals yellow ......... .................................................................................................. 6. Aechmea cephaloides 14ʼ. Peduncle bracts red or orange; branches erect; rachis hidden, sepals orange 15. Inflorescence orange; fertile part 19–25 cm long; peduncle bracts
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