Read the Full Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer
Vanderbilt University Law School Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2019 Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer Ganesh Sitaraman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications Part of the International Law Commons, and the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation Timothy Meyer and Ganesh Sitaraman, Trade and the Separation of Powers, 107 California Law Review. 583 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/faculty-publications/1093 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: Timothy Meyer; Ganesh Sitaraman, Trade and the Separation of Powers, 107 Calif. L. Rev. 583 (2019) Provided by: Vanderbilt University Law School Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Wed Jun 5 12:21:18 2019 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at https://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information Use QR Code reader to send PDF to your smartphone or tablet device Trade and the Separation of Powers Timothy Meyer* & Ganesh Sitaraman** There are two paradigms through which to view trade law and policy within the American constitutionalsystem. -
Political Questions in International Trade: Judicial Review of Section 301?
Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 10 Issue 3 1989 Political Questions in International Trade: Judicial Review of Section 301? Erwin P. Eichmann Gary N. Horlick Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Courts Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Legislation Commons, and the President/Executive Department Commons Recommended Citation Erwin P. Eichmann & Gary N. Horlick, Political Questions in International Trade: Judicial Review of Section 301?, 10 MICH. J. INT'L L. 735 (1989). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol10/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLITICAL QUESTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: JUDICIAL REVIEW OF SECTION 301? Erwin P. Eichmann and Gary N. Horlick Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 ("Section 301")' has become an increasingly potent and widely-used tool in the U.S. arsenal of trade policy measures. The past few years have seen a proliferation of Sec- tion 301 cases, affecting the trade of goods and services in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Even so, in the debate over the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 ("Omnibus Trade Act"), Con- gress expressed impatience with the President's discretion in not un- dertaking more Section 301 retaliations. 2 But while much attention has focused on the politics and policy aspects of Section 301, little has been discussed of the legal issues underpinning it. -
Page 429 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES Ments Relating to the Return As the Secretary Shall Prescribe
Page 429 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES ments relating to the return as the Secretary Sec. shall prescribe; or 2114e. Negotiation of agreements concerning high (2) if not returned to the country of origin, technology industries. be disposed of in the manner prescribed by law 2115. Bilateral trade agreements. 2116. Agreements with developing countries. for articles forfeited for violation of the cus- 2117. International safeguard procedures. toms laws. 2118. Access to supplies. (Pub. L. 92–587, title II, § 203, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 2119. Staging requirements and rounding author- Stat. 1297.) ity. § 2094. Rules and regulations PART 2—OTHER AUTHORITY The Secretary shall prescribe such rules and 2131. Authorization of appropriation for GATT re- vision. regulations as are necessary and appropriate to 2132. Balance-of-payments authority. carry out the provisions of this chapter. 2133. Compensation authority. (Pub. L. 92–587, title II, § 204, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 2134. Two-year residual authority to negotiate du- Stat. 1297.) ties. 2135. Termination and withdrawal authority. § 2095. Definitions 2136. Reciprocal nondiscriminatory treatment. 2137. Reservation of articles for national security For the purposes of this chapter— or other reasons. (1) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- 2138. Omitted. retary of the Treasury. (2) The term ‘‘United States’’ includes the PART 3—HEARINGS AND ADVICE CONCERNING several States, the District of Columbia, and NEGOTIATIONS the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 2151. Advice from International Trade Commission. (3) The term ‘‘pre-Columbian monumental or 2152. Advice from executive departments and other architectural sculpture or mural’’ means— sources. (A) any stone carving or wall art which— 2153. Public hearings. -
MIT Press Journals
MIT Press Journals 2019 catalog Table of Contents General Information 1 Advertising 1 Journal Packages 2 Selected Books 45 Ordering Information 46 Subscription Form 47 Publishing with the MIT Press 48 Science & Technology Artificial Life 4 Computational Linguistics 5 Computational Psychiatry 6 Evolutionary Computation 7 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8 Linguistic Inquiry 9 Network Neuroscience 10 Neural Computation 11 Neurobiology of Language 12 Open Mind 13 Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14 Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 15 The Arts & Humanities African Arts 16 ARTMargins 17 Computer Music Journal 18 Dædalus 19 Design Issues 20 Grey Room 21 JoDS: Journal of Design and Science 22 Leonardo 23 Leonardo Music Journal 24 The New England Quarterly 25 October 26 PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 27 Projections 28 TDR/The Drama Review 29 Thresholds 30 inside front cover Table of Contents General Information 1 Advertising 1 Journal Packages 2 Selected Books 45 Ordering Information 46 Subscription Form 47 Publishing with the MIT Press 48 Science & Technology Artificial Life 4 Computational Linguistics 5 Computational Psychiatry 6 Evolutionary Computation 7 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8 Linguistic Inquiry 9 Network Neuroscience 10 Neural Computation 11 Neurobiology of Language 12 Open Mind 13 Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14 Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 15 The Arts & Humanities African Arts 16 ARTMargins 17 Computer Music Journal 18 -
Journals 2016 Catalog Directors’ Letter
MIT Press Journals 2016 catalog Directors’ Letter Dear Friends, The MIT Press celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012, and the inclination to ponder our distinguished history remains strong, perhaps even more so this year with the change in Press leadership—Amy Brand was named Director of the MIT Press in July of 2015. The Press’s journals division, which was founded in 1972, ten years after the books division, also has a significant publishing legacy to consider, with over 80 journals published since the division’s inception. Some, such as Linguistic Inquiry and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, have grown with us from the very beginning. Other core titles like International Security, October, The Review of Economics and Statistics and Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience joined the Press over the following decades, providing a solid base for the high-quality and innovative scholarship that our journals division is well known for. Today, we continue to push the boundaries of scholarly publishing and communication. We relish discovering new fields to publish in, and working with scholars who are establishing new domains of research and inquiry. In keeping with that spirit, the Press is proud to launch a new open access journal in 2016, Computational Psychiatry, to serve a burgeoning field that brings together experts in neuroscience, decision sciences, psychiatry, and computation modeling to apply new quantitative techniques to our understanding of psychiatric disorders. Developing new ways of delivering journal articles and providing a richer range of metrics around their usage and impact is another current effort. On our mitpressjournals.org site, the Press is providing Altmetric badges for select titles to give an improved sense of the breadth of a journal article’s reach. -
Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015
PUBLIC LAW 114–125—FEB. 24, 2016 TRADE FACILITATION AND TRADE ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 2015 VerDate Sep 11 2014 15:35 Jun 21, 2016 Jkt 059139 PO 00125 Frm 00001 Fmt 6579 Sfmt 6579 E:\PUBLAW\PUBL125.114 PUBL125 dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with PUBLAWS 130 STAT. 122 PUBLIC LAW 114–125—FEB. 24, 2016 Public Law 114–125 114th Congress An Act Feb. 24, 2016 To reauthorize trade facilitation and trade enforcement functions and activities, [H.R. 644] and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of Trade the United States of America in Congress assembled, Facilitation and Trade SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. Enforcement HORT ITLE Act of 2015. (a) S T .—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Trade Facilita- 19 USC 4301 tion and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015’’. note. (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this Act is follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—TRADE FACILITATION AND TRADE ENFORCEMENT Sec. 101. Improving partnership programs. Sec. 102. Report on effectiveness of trade enforcement activities. Sec. 103. Priorities and performance standards for customs modernization, trade fa- cilitation, and trade enforcement functions and programs. Sec. 104. Educational seminars to improve efforts to classify and appraise imported articles, to improve trade enforcement efforts, and to otherwise facilitate legitimate international trade. Sec. 105. Joint strategic plan. Sec. 106. Automated Commercial Environment. Sec. 107. International Trade Data System. Sec. 108. Consultations with respect to mutual recognition arrangements. Sec. 109. Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee. -
Accounts Committee, 70. 186 Adams. Abigail, 56 Adams, Frank, 196
Index Accounts Committee, 70. 186 Appropriations. Committee on (House) Adams. Abigail, 56 appointment to the, 321 Adams, Frank, 196 chairman also on Rules, 2 I I,2 13 Adams, Henry, 4 I, 174 chairman on Democratic steering Adams, John, 41,47, 248 committee, 277, 359 Chairmen Stevens, Garfield, and Adams, John Quincy, 90, 95, 106, 110- Randall, 170, 185, 190, 210 111 created, 144, 167. 168, 169, 172. 177, Advertisements, fS3, I95 184, 220 Agriculture. See also Sugar. duties on estimates government expenditures, 170 Jeffersonians identified with, 3 1, 86 exclusive assignment to the, 2 16, 32 1 prices, 229. 232, 261, 266, 303 importance of the, 358 tariffs favoring, 232, 261 within the Joint Budget Committee, 274 Agriculture Department, 303 loses some jurisdiction, 2 10 Aid to Families with Dependent Children members on Budget, 353 (AFDC). 344-345 members on Joint Study Committee on Aldrich, Nelson W., 228, 232. 241, 245, Budget Control, 352 247 privileged in reporting bills, 185 Allen, Leo. 3 I3 staff of the. 322-323 Allison, William B., 24 I Appropriations, Committee on (Senate), 274, 352 Altmeyer, Arthur J., 291-292 American Medical Association (AMA), Archer, William, 378, 381 Army, Ci.S. Spe also War Department 310, 343, 345 appropriation bills amended, 136-137, American Newspaper Publishers 137, 139-140 Association, 256 appropriation increases, 127, 253 American Party, 134 Civil War appropriations, 160, 167 American Political Science Association, Continental Army supplies, I7 273 individual appropriation bills for the. American System, 108 102 Ames, Fisher, 35. 45 mobilization of the Union Army, 174 Anderson, H. W., 303 Arthur, Chester A,, 175, 206, 208 Assay omces, 105, 166 Andrew, John, 235 Astor, John Jacob, 120 Andrews, Mary. -
The MIT Press Spring 2021 Dear Friends and Readers, Contents
The MIT Press Spring 2021 Dear Friends and Readers, Contents Books are carriers of civilization. Without books, history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled, thought and speculation at a standstill. They are engines of change, windows to the world, “lighthouses” (as a poet said) Trade 1-32 “erected in the sea of time.” Paperback Reprints 33-36 —Barbara W. Tuchman, American historian Distributed by the MIT Press University presses are critical to the academy’s core purpose to create and share knowledge. In these extraordinary times, scholars and scientists are racing to overcome a pandemic, Boston Review 37 combat climate change, and protect civil liberties even as Goldsmiths Press 38-39 they are forced to engage in escalating information warfare. With expanding misinformation and shrinking public trust in Semiotext(e) 40-43 news media, in science and academia, and in expertise more Sternberg Press 44-58 broadly, it falls to universities and mission-driven publishers to uphold sense-making and the spreading of facts—to share Strange Attractor Press 59-61 and translate credible, research-based information in ways that Terra Nova Press 62 maximize its impact on decisions that will shape the future of humanity. University presses have a central role to play in this Urbanomic 63 cause, and the MIT Press continues to be a guiding light. As Director, I am reminded daily of the power of books for posi- Academic Trade 64-68 tive change—to create more beauty, knowing, understanding, Professional 69-91 justice, and human connection in our vast and complex world. www.dianalevine.com Amy Brand All of us at the MIT Press feel a profound responsibility to use Journals 92-94 our privileged perch for good wherever we can. -
John Harvard Scholarship, 1953–1954, 1954–1955 • Phi Beta Kappa, 1955 • Harvard College Scholarship, 1955–1956
Ph.D. Economics FRANKLIN M. FISHER Harvard University Jane Berkowitz Carlton and Dennis William Carlton Professor of Microeconomics, Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of M.A. Economics Technology Harvard University A.B. Economics Harvard University (summa cum laude) Ph.D. Dissertation A Priori Information and Time Series Analysis FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, AND PROFESSIONAL HONORS • Detur Prize, 1953 • Social Science Research Council Undergraduate Research Stipend, 1953 • John Harvard Scholarship, 1953–1954, 1954–1955 • Phi Beta Kappa, 1955 • Harvard College Scholarship, 1955–1956 • Rodgers Fellowship, 1956–1957 • Austin Fellowship, 1956–1957 • Junior Fellow of the Society of Fellows, Harvard University, 1957–1959 • Fellow of the Econometric Society, 1963–Present • Irving Fisher Lecturer at Econometric Society Meetings, Amsterdam, September 1968 • Operations Research Society of America Prize for best paper dealing with a military subject published in Operations Research, 1967 • Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1969–Present • Council Member of the Econometric Society, 1972–1976 • John Bates Clark Award, American Economic Association, 1973 • F. W. Paish Lecturer, Association of University Teachers of Economics, Sheffield, England, April 1975 • Vice President of the Econometric Society, 1977–1978 • David Kinley Lecturer, University of Illinois, 1978 FRANKLIN M. FISHER Page 2 • President of the Econometric Society, 1979 • Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, 1981–1982 • Erskine Fellow, University of Canterbury, summer -
Mitchell-W-City-Of-Bits.Pdf
[ Welcome | Agora | Table of Contents | Surf Sites | Ordering Information ] [ Copyright Information | 1. Pulling Glass | 2. Electronic Agoras | 3. Cyborg Citizens | 4. Recombinant Architecture | 5. Soft Cities | 6. Bit Biz | 7. Getting to the Good Bits | Surf Sites | Acknowledgements ] Title page image/animation: MPEG (900K), Quicktime (4.1M), or GIF (59K) image. City of Bits WWW Team © 1995-1997 MIT City of Bits Space, Place, and the Infobahn by William J. Mitchell First MIT Press paperback edition, 1996 © Copyright 1995-1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, with the sole exception of use at this site. The book was set in Bembo and Meta by Wellington Graphics and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Mitchell, William J. City of bits : space, place, and the infobahn / William J. Mitchell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-13309-1 (HB), 0-262-63176-8 (PB) 1. Computer networks. 2. Information technology. 3. Virtual reality I. Title TK5105.5.M57 1995 95-7212 303.48'33--dc20 CIP [ Comments | Search | Choice Sites | Main Entrance | Contents | Surf Sites | Ordering Info ] City of Bits WWW Team © 1995-1997 MIT As the fin-de-K countdown cranked into the nineties, I became increasingly curious about the technicians I saw poking about in manholes. They were not sewer or gas workers; evidently they were up to something quite different. -
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, Evolution, and Use
Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, Evolution, and Use Updated December 14, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46604 SUMMARY R46604 Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, December 14, 2020 Evolution, and Use Andres B. Schwarzenberg Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative Analyst in International (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action to enforce U.S. Trade and Finance rights under trade agreements and respond to certain foreign trade practices. From the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations in 1994, which resulted in the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, until the start of the Trump Administration, the United States used Section 301 authorities primarily to build cases and pursue dispute settlement at the WTO. The Trump Administration has shown more willingness to go outside of the WTO to act unilaterally under these authorities to promote what the Administration touts as “free,” “fair,” and “reciprocal” trade. The Trump Administration’s use of Section 301 to impose tariffs as punitive measures has been the subject of congressional and broader international debate, and some in Congress have raised a number of questions regarding USTR’s actions, including the scope of USTR’s authorities, the types of trade actions allowed, and the tariff exclusion process. The Trump Administration has attributed its use of Section 301 to impose tariffs as punitive measures to its determination to close a large and persistent gap between U.S. -
U.S. International Trade Library
U.S. International Trade Library A CURRENT AND HISTORICAL ARCHIVE OF U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE HeinOnline’s U.S. International Trade Library brings together more than 3.2 million pages worth of content and more than 11,000 volumes, including USITC Publications Archive, legislative histories, CFR & U.S. Code Title 15 and Title 19, notable publications, scholarly articles, and much more! Presented in HeinOnline’s research platform, the functionality of this database will allow you to easily browse and search between these different sections of the U.S. International Trade library all in one place! Featuring: USITC PUBLICATIONS CRF & US SCHOLARLY ARTICLES CODE: TITLE 15 & LEGISLATIVE HISTORIES TITLE 19 OTHER RELATED WORKS Titles Unique to U.S. International Trade Contains more than 200 titles unique to this database, including: GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Uruguay Round (1994) - Edited by The Institute for International Legal Information. This volume contains the complete official text of the final approved act which resulted from the Uruguay Round of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations. Trade Agreements Program of the United States Annual Reports of the President (1989) - Edited by Bernard D. Reams Jr. These reports provide to Congress statements of U.S. trade policy, summary of major activities by the United States in multilateral and bilateral trade relations, export and investment policy, and a review of litigation before major U.S. agencies. Dictionary of International Trade Terms (1996) - Compiled by the U.S. Department of Commerce. This dictionary brings together more than 1,200 international trade terms to assist international traders and their legal advisors worldwide.