INTERNATIONAL PHOBOS/DEIMOS DATA WORKING GROUP (PDDWG)

PDDWG: STATUS REPORT by the PDDWG STEERING COMMITTEE presented at the 21st Meeting of the NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group June 24–25, 2019 The Hotel, College Park, MD

1 6/24-25/2019 FORMED STEERING COMMITTEE

Dr. Thomas Statler, NASA Science Mission Directorate Planetary Science Division, provided a venue for the working group to establish interactions, a Charter and a Steering Committee: • Saadat Anwar, ASU, GIS Tool Developer and Standards • Olivier Barnouin, JHU/APL, Derived Data Producer and Standards • Tom Duxbury, GMU, Derived Data Producer, Standards and PDDWG Chair • Carolyn Ernst, JHU/APL, Derived Data and DTM Producer, GIS Tool Developer • Brigitte Gondet, IAS, OMEGA Data Expert • Trent Hare, USGS, Standards • Naru Hirata, MMX, Requirements Producer • Emily Law, JPL, GIS Tool Developer • Nicolas Manaud, Space Frog, Derived Data Producer • Susie Slavney, Washington University, PDS Data Standards • Konrad Wilner, DLR, DTM and HRSC Data Expert • Anatolij Zubarev, MIIGIaK, Derived Data Producer • Affiliate member: Brent Archinal, USGS, IAU WGCCRE and MAPSIT SC liaison

6/24-25/2019 2 DEVELOPED CHARTER

• Identify and prioritize existing data sets needed to characterize the surfaces, select sample sites and enable near proximity operations; • Encourage existing missions to continue observations that would expand spectral, spatial, environmental resolution/coverage; • Develop recommendations for PDS4-complaint catalog metadata and registered and map projected Level-3 label and data interchange standards that also assure interoperability with NASA GIS tools; • Engage the international science community and public using workshops and presentations at advisory groups / international meetings; • Members would have expertise in Phobos/Deimos: evolving and archived data; deriving higher level data and data interchange standards, ancillary moon physical models for derived datasets; GIS tools; future mission requirements; . . . • The JAXA MMX missions is the initial focus to have PDDWG requirements traceable to a mission; and • The PDDWG would work within the NASA SBAG. • NOTE: It is expected that active NASA planetary missions and data analysis programs would fund US science activities.

6/24-25/2019 3 INTERACTIONS WITH ACTIVE MISSIONS ESA MARS EXPRESS

• Increased science priority of Phobos and Deimos to the same level as Mars • Changed orbit to improve observations of Phobos • Will continue observations during close flybys and with each other and stars • Added observations of moons with Jupiter, Saturn, asteroids

PHOBOS WITH JUPITER DEIMOS WITH SATURN HUNDREDS OF CLOSE BEGINNING / END IMAGES PHOBOS FLYBYS DURING (NOT STEREO) NEXT 3 YEARS

6/24-25/2019 4 INTERACTIONS WITH ACTIVE MISSIONS NASA MARS ODYSSEY 2001

• Added observing Phobos and Deimos to science objectives • Implemented 3 sequences to date SIMULATED IMAGES WITH NORTH AT THE TOP • Will continue to add phase angle coverage • Will add unique nighttime IR thermal observations

Note: Joshua L Bandfield, ASU, who was leading the THEMIS thermal analysis, passed away unexpectedly, leaving a large void in the 5 team and community

6/24-25/2019 IMAGE-BASED PDS4 COMPLIANT CATALOG

• DEVELOPED IMAGE-BASED SEARCHABLE CATALOG THAT IS POPULATED WITH MEX HRSC, SRC AND OMEGA OBSERVATION METADATA • METADATA, COMMON TO ALL CONTENTS OF EACH OBSERVATION, INCLUDE: – SPACE AGENCY, MISSION, INSTRUMENT, SENSOR – START TIME, STOP TIME, EXPOSURE DUATION – SPECTRAL COVERAGE – PIXEL SUMMING, COMPRESSION – SPACECRAFT AND SOLAR LATITUDES, LONGITUDES (EAST AND WEST), RANGES, PIXEL SCALE AT SPACECRAFT – INCIDENCE, EMISSION, PHASE, MARS SEASON (L_s), MOON ORBITAL ANOMALY ANGLES – MOON-FIXED DIRECTION VECTORS AT IMAGE CORNERS – MUTUAL EVENT INDICATOR (OTHER MOON, MARS, JUPITER, SATURN, ASTEROID, STARS) – MARSSHINE INDICATOR • INITIAL PDS REVIEW COMPLETED

6/24-25/2019 6 SEARCHABLE CATALOG: PROBLEM STATEMENT

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE LIMITS DEFINED NOT DEFINED

DLR/TUB ! CATALOG PROBLEM: MARS IMAGES ARE SMALL WRT MARS; PHOBOS/DEIMOS IMAGES EXTEND BEYOND MOON SURFACES

6/24-25/2019 7 FEATURE-BASED PDS4 COMPLIANT CATALOG

• WILL PROVIDE METADATA TO SEARCH FOR GEO- REFERENCED FEATURES THAT INCLUDE – NORTH AND SOUTH POLES, MARS AND ANTI-MARS POINTS, SUB-SPACECRACT AND SUB-SOLAR POINTS – 30 QUADRANGLES – IAU-NAMED FEATURES – INSTRUMENT IMAGE CORNERS • METADATA FOR EACH FEATURE ARE SIMILAR TO THE IMAGE-BASED METADATA BUT ARE CALCULATED AT THE SPECIFIC IMAGE LOCATIONS OF EACH FEATURE • INITIAL PDS REVIEW COMPLETED !

6/24-25/2019 8 STARTED DEVELOPMENT OF LEVEL-3 DATA STANDARDS

EACH OF THE THREE ODYSSEY THEMIS VIS IMAGING SEQUENCES WERE REGISTERED TO THE DLR PHOBOS DTM AND MAP PROJECTED TO FILL THE RED, GREEN AND BLUE CHANNELS OF A COLOR IMAGE TO SHOW TOTAL SURFACE COVERAGE BY THE THREE SEQUENCES

6/24-25/2019 9 NEAR-TERM ACTIVITIES

• COMPLETE VALIDATATION OF PDS4 COMPLAINCEY OF IMAGE-BASED AND FEATURE-BASED CATALOG METADATA USING SELECTED MEX HRSC, SRC AND OMEGA OBSERVATIONS FOR CATALOG DEVELOPMENT • ASSESS ACCURACY OF DERIVED REGISTERED AND MAP PROJECTED LEVEL-3 DATA PRRODUCTS BASED UPON INPUT DTMs, ORIENTATION MODELS, CAMERA MODELS, . . . • DEVELOP LEVEL-3 DATA INTERCHAGE STANDARDS TO INSURE GIS INTEROPERABILITY – SELECTED GEOTIFF WITH DETACHED PDS4-COMPLIANT LABEL AS STARTING POINT

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