Roving on Phobos: Challenges of the Mmx Rover for Space Robotics
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Matematikken Viser Vej Til Mars
S •Matematikken The viser vej til Mars Kim Plauborg © The Terma Group 2016 THE BEGINNING Terma has been in Space since man walked on the Moon! © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Terma powered the first comet landing ever! BREAKING NEWS The mission ends today when the Rosetta satellite will set down on the surface In 2014 the Rosetta satellite deployed the small lander Philae, which landed on the cometof 67P morethe than 10 comet years after Rosetta was launched. © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Rosetta Mars Express Technology Venus Express evolution and Galileo enhancement Small GEO BepiColombo ExoMars © The Terma Group 2016 Why go Mars? Getting to and landing on Mars is difficult ! © The Terma Group 2016 THE EXOMARS PROGRAMME Two ESA missions to Mars in cooperation with Roscosmos with the main objective to search for evidence of life 2016 Mission Trace Gas Orbiter Schiaparelli 2020 Mission Rover Surface platform © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 14th March 2016 Launched from Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 16th October 2016 Separation of Schiaparelli from the orbiter © The Terma Group 2016 SCHIAPARELLI Schiaparelli (EDM) - an entry, descent and landing demonstrator module © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2020 © The Terma Group 2016 TERMA AND EXOMARS Terma deliveries to the ExoMars 2016 mission • Remote Terminal Power Unit for Schiaparelli • Mission Control System • Spacecraft Simulator • Support for the Launch and Early Orbit Phase © The Terma Group 2016 ExoMars RTPU The RTPU is a central unit in the Schiaparelli lander. -
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur To cite this version: Alex Soumbatov-Gur. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution. [Research Report] Karpov institute of physical chemistry. 2019. hal-02147461 HAL Id: hal-02147461 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02147461 Submitted on 4 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur The moons are confirmed to be ejected parts of Mars’ crust. After explosive throwing out as cone-like rocks they plastically evolved with density decays and materials transformations. Their expansion evolutions were accompanied by global ruptures and small scale rock ejections with concurrent crater formations. The scenario reconciles orbital and physical parameters of the moons. It coherently explains dozens of their properties including spectra, appearances, size differences, crater locations, fracture symmetries, orbits, evolution trends, geologic activity, Phobos’ grooves, mechanism of their origin, etc. The ejective approach is also discussed in the context of observational data on near-Earth asteroids, main belt asteroids Steins, Vesta, and Mars. The approach incorporates known fission mechanism of formation of miniature asteroids, logically accounts for its outliers, and naturally explains formations of small celestial bodies of various sizes. -
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae 13 How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care about Best Practice Rosetta and Philae Claudia Mignone Anne-Mareike Homfeld Sebastian Marcu Vitrociset Belgium for European Space ATG Europe for European Space Design & Data GmbH Agency (ESA) Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Carlo Palazzari Emily Baldwin Markus Bauer Design & Data GmbH EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Keywords Karen S. O’Flaherty Mark McCaughrean Outreach, space science, public engagement, EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) visual storytelling, fairy-tale, cartoon, animation, [email protected] [email protected] anthropomorphising Once upon a time... is a series of short cartoons1 that have been developed as part of the European Space Agency’s communication campaign to raise awareness about the Rosetta mission. The series features two anthropomorphic characters depicting the Rosetta orbiter and Philae lander, introducing the mission story, goals and milestones with a fairy- tale flair. This article explores the development of the cartoon series and the level of engagement it generated, as well as presenting various issues that were encountered using this approach. We also examine how different audiences responded to our decision to anthropomorphise the spacecraft. Introduction internet before the spacecraft came out of exciting highlights to come, using the fairy- hibernation (Bauer et al., 2016). The four tale narrative as a base. The hope was that In late 2013, the European Space Agency’s short videos were commissioned from the video would help to build a degree of (ESA) team of science communicators the cross-media company Design & Data human empathy between the public and devised a number of outreach activ- GmbH (D&D). -
Why Do We Explore?
Why Do We Explore? Lesson Six Why Do We Explore? About This Lesson Students will work in small teams, each of which will be given a different reason why humans explore. Each team will become the expert on their one reason and will add a letter and summary sentence to an EXPLORE poster using their reason for exploration. With all the reasons on the poster, the word EXPLORE will be complete. Students will be using the skills of working in cooperative learning teams, reading, summarizing, paraphrasing, and creating a sentence that will best represent their reason for exploration. Students will also be illustrating and copying other teams sentences so that each student will have a small copy of the large class- room poster for reference or extension purposes. The teacher will lead a discussion that relates the reasons humans explore to the planned and possible future missions to Mars. Objectives Students will: v review the seven traditional reasons why people explore v write a summary of their reason why humans explore v illustrate their exploration summaries v relate the reasons for exploration to the missions to Mars Background Students do not always realize that the steps in future exploration are built on a tradition of Why Do We Explore? exploration that is as old as humans. This lesson is intended to introduce the concept of exploration through the seven traditional reasons that express why humans have always been explorers. Social scientists know that everyone, no matter how young or old, is constantly exploring the world and how it works. Space exploration, including the possible missions to Mars, has opened up a whole new world for us to explore. -
Appendix 1: Venus Missions
Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M. -
DLR Developments and Application Ideas for Interplanetary Cubesats
DLR developments and application ideas for interplanetary cubesats iCubeSat, Milano 2019 Jens Biele1, Michael Maibaum1, Caroline Lange2, Thimo Grundmann2, Stephan Ulamec1, Marcus Thomas Knopp3, Frank-Cyrus Roshani3 1DLR German Aerospace Center, RB-MUSC, Cologne, Germany 2DLR German Aerospace Center, Bremen, Germany 3DLR German Aerospace Center, GSOC, Munich, Germany www.DLR.de • Chart 3 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date SKAD-Study [FRANK, MARCUS] • Orbiter as relais station for Mars-Rover • ………. Designs flown or studied (DLR) Hopper(10-25 kg) MASCOT (30, 70 kg) Philae (100 kg) Leonard MASCOT (10 kg) Folie 4 > Vortrag > Autor Folie 5 > Vortrag > Autor Study Flow of MASCOT („how to shrink a lander..“) • December 2008 – September 2009: feasibility study, with CNES, in context of Marco Polo and Hayabusa-2, with common requirements: • 3 iterations of different mass (95kg, 35kg & 10kg) and P/L • Settled on 10 kg lander package including 3 kg of P/L • Ho, T.-M., et al. (2016). "MASCOT—The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Onboard the Hayabusa2 Mission." Space Science Reviews 208(1-4): 339– 374. • ➔ Design of MASCOT 10 kg: a nanosat (30x30*20 cm³) . Could be a 18 U cubesat! Large ~ 95 kg, Philae hertitage Middle ~ 35 kg, Xtra Small ~ 10 kg, No post-landing Up-righting + mobility mobility MASCOT Payload (25% of total mass!) Instrument Science Goals Heritage Institute; PI/IM Mass [kg] MAG magnetization of the NEA MAG of ROMAP on Rosetta TU Braunschweig Lander (Philae), ESA VEX, 0,15 → formation history Themis K.H. Glassmeier / U. Auster mineralogical composition ESA ExoMars, Russia and characterize grains Phobos GRUNT, ESA size and structure of Rosetta, ESA ExoMars IAS Paris µOmega surface soil samples at μ- rover 2018, Rosetta / Philae J.P. -
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons of Jupiter
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the other Galilean Moons of Jupiter P. Wurz1,*, D. Lasi1, N. Thomas1, D. Piazza1, A. Galli1, M. Jutzi1, S. Barabash2, M. Wieser2, W. Magnes3, H. Lammer3, U. Auster4, L.I. Gurvits5,6, and W. Hajdas7 1) Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 3) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, 4) Institut f. Geophysik u. Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany, 5) Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingelo, The Netherlands, 6) Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7) Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. *) Corresponding author, [email protected], Tel.: +41 31 631 44 26, FAX: +41 31 631 44 05 1 Abstract We present a study of an impacting descent probe that increases the science return of spacecraft orbiting or passing an atmosphere-less planetary bodies of the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The descent probe is a carry-on small spacecraft (< 100 kg), to be deployed by the mother spacecraft, that brings itself onto a collisional trajectory with the targeted planetary body in a simple manner. A possible science payload includes instruments for surface imaging, characterisation of the neutral exosphere, and magnetic field and plasma measurement near the target body down to very low-altitudes (~1 km), during the probe’s fast (~km/s) descent to the surface until impact. The science goals and the concept of operation are discussed with particular reference to Europa, including options for flying through water plumes and after-impact retrieval of very-low altitude science data. -
SWIFTS and SWIFTS-LA: Two Concepts for High Spectral Resolution Static Micro-Imaging Spectrometers
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 9, EPSC2014-439-1, 2014 European Planetary Science Congress 2014 EEuropeaPn PlanetarSy Science CCongress c Author(s) 2014 SWIFTS and SWIFTS-LA: two concepts for high spectral resolution static micro-imaging spectrometers E. Le Coarer(1), B. Schmitt(1), N. Guerineau (2), G. Martin (1) S. Rommeluere (2), Y. Ferrec (2) F. Simon (1) F. Thomas (1) (1) Univ. UGA ,CNRS, Lab. IPAG, Grenoble, France. (2) ONERA/DOTA Palaiseau France ([email protected] grenoble.fr). Abstract All these instruments use either optical gratings, Fourier transform or AOTF spectrometers. The two SWIFTS (Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier first types need moving mirrors to scan spectrally Transform Spectrometer) represents a family of very thus adding complexity and failure risk in space. The compact spectrometers based on detection of interesting solution of AOTF, without moving part standing waves for which detectors play itself a role (only piezo) is however limited in resolution to a few in the interferential detection mechanism. The aim of cm-1 due to limitation in monocrystal size (fragile). this paper is to illustrate how these spectrometers can Strong limitations of these instruments in terms of be used to build efficient imaging spectrometers for performances (spectral & spatial resolution and range, planetary exploration inside dm3 instrumental volume. S/N ratio) come from their already large mass, The first mode (SWIFTS) is devoted to high spectral volume, and power consumption. Further increasing resolving power imaging (R~10000-50000) for one of these characteristics will be at the cost of even 40x40 pixels field of view. The second mode bigger instruments. -
7'Tie;T;E ~;&H ~ T,#T1tmftllsieotog
7'tie;T;e ~;&H ~ t,#t1tMftllSieotOg, UCLA VOLUME 3 1986 EDITORIAL BOARD Mark E. Forry Anne Rasmussen Daniel Atesh Sonneborn Jane Sugarman Elizabeth Tolbert The Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology is an annual publication of the UCLA Ethnomusicology Students Association and is funded in part by the UCLA Graduate Student Association. Single issues are available for $6.00 (individuals) or $8.00 (institutions). Please address correspondence to: Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology Department of Music Schoenberg Hall University of California Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Standing orders and agencies receive a 20% discount. Subscribers residing outside the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, please add $2.00 per order. Orders are payable in US dollars. Copyright © 1986 by the Regents of the University of California VOLUME 3 1986 CONTENTS Articles Ethnomusicologists Vis-a-Vis the Fallacies of Contemporary Musical Life ........................................ Stephen Blum 1 Responses to Blum................. ....................................... 20 The Construction, Technique, and Image of the Central Javanese Rebab in Relation to its Role in the Gamelan ... ................... Colin Quigley 42 Research Models in Ethnomusicology Applied to the RadifPhenomenon in Iranian Classical Music........................ Hafez Modir 63 New Theory for Traditional Music in Banyumas, West Central Java ......... R. Anderson Sutton 79 An Ethnomusicological Index to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Part Two ............ Kenneth Culley 102 Review Irene V. Jackson. More Than Drumming: Essays on African and Afro-Latin American Music and Musicians ....................... Norman Weinstein 126 Briefly Noted Echology ..................................................................... 129 Contributors to this Issue From the Editors The third issue of the Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology continues the tradition of representing the diversity inherent in our field. -
The Search for Exomoons and the Characterization of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Astronomia e Astrofisica The search for exomoons and the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres Relatore interno : dott. Alessandro Melchiorri Relatore esterno : dott.ssa Giovanna Tinetti Candidato: Giammarco Campanella Anno Accademico 2008/2009 The search for exomoons and the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres Giammarco Campanella Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Associate at Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London A thesis submitted for the MSc Degree in Astronomy and Astrophysics September 4th, 2009 Università degli Studi di Roma ―La Sapienza‖ Abstract THE SEARCH FOR EXOMOONS AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES by Giammarco Campanella Since planets were first discovered outside our own Solar System in 1992 (around a pulsar) and in 1995 (around a main sequence star), extrasolar planet studies have become one of the most dynamic research fields in astronomy. Our knowledge of extrasolar planets has grown exponentially, from our understanding of their formation and evolution to the development of different methods to detect them. Now that more than 370 exoplanets have been discovered, focus has moved from finding planets to characterise these alien worlds. As well as detecting the atmospheres of these exoplanets, part of the characterisation process undoubtedly involves the search for extrasolar moons. The structure of the thesis is as follows. In Chapter 1 an historical background is provided and some general aspects about ongoing situation in the research field of extrasolar planets are shown. In Chapter 2, various detection techniques such as radial velocity, microlensing, astrometry, circumstellar disks, pulsar timing and magnetospheric emission are described. A special emphasis is given to the transit photometry technique and to the two already operational transit space missions, CoRoT and Kepler. -
Human Spaceflight Plans of Russia, China and India
Presentation to the ASEB Committee on NASA Technology Roadmaps Panel on Human Health and Surface Exploration June 1, 2011 by Marcia S. Smith Space and Technology Policy Group, LLC Russia Extensive experience in human spaceflight First animal in space (1957), first man in space (1961), first woman in space (1963), first spacewalk (1965), first space station (1971) Seven successful space stations (Salyut 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and Mir) before partnering in International Space Station (ISS) No people beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), however For earth orbit, continues to rely on Soyuz, first launched in 1967, but upgraded many times and is key to ISS operations Designed space shuttle, Buran, but launched only once in automated mode (no crew) in 1988 06-01-2011 2 Russia (2) Existing reliable launch vehicles Proton is largest: 21 tons to LEO; 5.5 tons to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) Attempts to build Saturn V-equivalent in 1960s and 1970s failed (N1 failed four times in four attempts 1969-1972) Energiya booster in 1980s only flew twice (1987 with Polyus and 1988 with Buran). Abandoned for financial reasons. Was 100 tons to LEO; 18-20 tons to GTO; 32 tons to lunar trajectory. RD-170 engines for Energiya’s strap-ons live on today in other forms for Zenit, Atlas V, and Angara (under development) 06-01-2011 3 Russia (3) Robotic planetary space exploration mixed Excellent success at – Moon (Luna and Lunokhod series, plus Zond circumlunar flights) Venus (Venera series) Halley’s Comet (Vega 1 and 2—also Venus) Jinxed at Mars More than a dozen failures in 1960s - 1970s Partial success with Phobos 2 in 1988 (Phobos 1 failed) Mars 96 failed to leave Earth orbit Phobos-Grunt scheduled for later this year; designed as sample return from Phobos (includes Chinese orbiter) 06-01-2011 4 Russia (4) Grand statements over decades about sending people to the Moon and Mars, but never enough money to proceed. -
Lesson -14 the Outer Space
Lesson -14 The Outer Space Q1. Fill in the blanks: 1. The moon rotates around the earth. 2. A group of stars is called constellation. 3. Moon is the natural satellite of earth. 4. When we cannot see the moon in the sky, it is called amavasya. 5. The sun is a star. Q2. Choose the correct answer: 1. Huge glowing balls of fire are called___________. a) Satellites b) sun 2. The moon rotates around the _____________. a) Earth b) Mars 3. A group of stars forms a ___________. a) Satellite b) constellation 4. We can see full moon on ___________. a) Amavasya b) purnima 5. The moon gets its light from the _____________. a) Earth b) sun Q3. True or False: 1. Stars go away from the sky during the day – False. 2. Moon gets its light from earth –False. 3. We can live on moon –False. 4. Earth is the first planet from the sun – False. 5. Sun gives us heat and light – True. Q4. Match the following: 1. Sun - dwarf planet (5) 2. Moon - constellation (4) 3. Earth - satellite (2) 4. Leo - star (1) 5. Pluto - third planet from sun ( 3) Q5. Give two examples each of: 1. Heavenly bodies: Ans: (i) Moon (ii) planets. 2. Planets: Ans: (i) Earth (ii) mars 3. Stars: Ans: (i) Sun (ii) pole star 4. Constellations: Ans: (i) orion (ii) Leo 5. Satellites: Ans: (i) moon (ii)Earth Q6. Short answer: 1. What does the universe consist of? Ans: The universe consists of heavenly bodies like stars, planets and moon. 2.