Interiors of Small Bodies and Moons ✉ Erik Asphaug 1
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Planetary Science Division Status Report
Planetary Science Division Status Report Jim Green NASA, Planetary Science Division January 26, 2017 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommiBee Outline • Planetary Science ObjecFves • Missions and Events Overview • Flight Programs: – Discovery – New FronFers – Mars Programs – Outer Planets • Planetary Defense AcFviFes • R&A Overview • Educaon and Outreach AcFviFes • PSD Budget Overview New Horizons exploresPlanetary Science Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Ascertain the content, origin, and evoluFon of the Solar System and the potenFal for life elsewhere! 01/08/2016 As the highest resolution images continue to beam back from New Horizons, the mission is onto exploring Kuiper Belt Objects with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera from unique viewing angles not visible from Earth. New Horizons is also beginning maneuvers to be able to swing close by a Kuiper Belt Object in the next year. Giant IcebergsObjecve 1.5.1 (water blocks) floatingObjecve 1.5.2 in glaciers of Objecve 1.5.3 Objecve 1.5.4 Objecve 1.5.5 hydrogen, mDemonstrate ethane, and other frozenDemonstrate progress gasses on the Demonstrate Sublimation pitsDemonstrate from the surface ofDemonstrate progress Pluto, potentially surface of Pluto.progress in in exploring and progress in showing a geologicallyprogress in improving active surface.in idenFfying and advancing the observing the objects exploring and understanding of the characterizing objects The Newunderstanding of Horizons missionin the Solar System to and the finding locaons origin and evoluFon in the Solar System explorationhow the chemical of Pluto wereunderstand how they voted the where life could of life on Earth to that pose threats to and physical formed and evolve have existed or guide the search for Earth or offer People’sprocesses in the Choice for Breakthrough of thecould exist today life elsewhere resources for human Year forSolar System 2015 by Science Magazine as exploraon operate, interact well as theand evolve top story of 2015 by Discover Magazine. -
Exomars Schiaparelli Direct-To-Earth Observation Using GMRT
TECHNICAL ExoMars Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth Observation REPORTS: METHODS 10.1029/2018RS006707 using GMRT S. Esterhuizen1, S. W. Asmar1 ,K.De2, Y. Gupta3, S. N. Katore3, and B. Ajithkumar3 Key Point: • During ExoMars Landing, GMRT 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 2Cahill Center for Astrophysics, observed UHF transmissions and California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, 3National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune, India Doppler shift used to identify key events as only real-time aliveness indicator Abstract During the ExoMars Schiaparelli separation event on 16 October 2016 and Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) events 3 days later, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) near Pune, India, Correspondence to: S. W. Asmar, was used to directly observe UHF transmissions from the Schiaparelli lander as they arrive at Earth. The [email protected] Doppler shift of the carrier frequency was measured and used as a diagnostic to identify key events during EDL. This signal detection at GMRT was the only real-time aliveness indicator to European Space Agency Citation: mission operations during the critical EDL stage of the mission. Esterhuizen, S., Asmar, S. W., De, K., Gupta, Y., Katore, S. N., & Plain Language Summary When planetary missions, such as landers on the surface of Mars, Ajithkumar, B. (2019). ExoMars undergo critical and risky events, communications to ground controllers is very important as close to real Schiaparelli Direct-to-Earth observation using GMRT. time as possible. The Schiaparelli spacecraft attempted landing in 2016 was supported in an innovative way. Radio Science, 54, 314–325. A large radio telescope on Earth was able to eavesdrop on information being sent from the lander to other https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006707 spacecraft in orbit around Mars. -
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur
Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur To cite this version: Alex Soumbatov-Gur. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution. [Research Report] Karpov institute of physical chemistry. 2019. hal-02147461 HAL Id: hal-02147461 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02147461 Submitted on 4 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Phobos, Deimos: Formation and Evolution Alex Soumbatov-Gur The moons are confirmed to be ejected parts of Mars’ crust. After explosive throwing out as cone-like rocks they plastically evolved with density decays and materials transformations. Their expansion evolutions were accompanied by global ruptures and small scale rock ejections with concurrent crater formations. The scenario reconciles orbital and physical parameters of the moons. It coherently explains dozens of their properties including spectra, appearances, size differences, crater locations, fracture symmetries, orbits, evolution trends, geologic activity, Phobos’ grooves, mechanism of their origin, etc. The ejective approach is also discussed in the context of observational data on near-Earth asteroids, main belt asteroids Steins, Vesta, and Mars. The approach incorporates known fission mechanism of formation of miniature asteroids, logically accounts for its outliers, and naturally explains formations of small celestial bodies of various sizes. -
(101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-Rex Imaging and Thermal Analysis
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0731-1 Properties of rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx imaging and thermal analysis D. N. DellaGiustina 1,26*, J. P. Emery 2,26*, D. R. Golish1, B. Rozitis3, C. A. Bennett1, K. N. Burke 1, R.-L. Ballouz 1, K. J. Becker 1, P. R. Christensen4, C. Y. Drouet d’Aubigny1, V. E. Hamilton 5, D. C. Reuter6, B. Rizk 1, A. A. Simon6, E. Asphaug1, J. L. Bandfield 7, O. S. Barnouin 8, M. A. Barucci 9, E. B. Bierhaus10, R. P. Binzel11, W. F. Bottke5, N. E. Bowles12, H. Campins13, B. C. Clark7, B. E. Clark14, H. C. Connolly Jr. 15, M. G. Daly 16, J. de Leon 17, M. Delbo’18, J. D. P. Deshapriya9, C. M. Elder19, S. Fornasier9, C. W. Hergenrother1, E. S. Howell1, E. R. Jawin20, H. H. Kaplan5, T. R. Kareta 1, L. Le Corre 21, J.-Y. Li21, J. Licandro17, L. F. Lim6, P. Michel 18, J. Molaro21, M. C. Nolan 1, M. Pajola 22, M. Popescu 17, J. L. Rizos Garcia 17, A. Ryan18, S. R. Schwartz 1, N. Shultz1, M. A. Siegler21, P. H. Smith1, E. Tatsumi23, C. A. Thomas24, K. J. Walsh 5, C. W. V. Wolner1, X.-D. Zou21, D. S. Lauretta 1 and The OSIRIS-REx Team25 Establishing the abundance and physical properties of regolith and boulders on asteroids is crucial for understanding the for- mation and degradation mechanisms at work on their surfaces. Using images and thermal data from NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, we show that asteroid (101955) Bennu’s surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo. -
Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter Operations ESOC
Training Opportunity for Swiss Trainees Reference Title Duty Station CH-2019-OPS-OPE Exomars Trace Gas Orbiter operations ESOC Overview of the unit’s mission: OPS-OP is responsible for mission preparation and flight operations for the ESA fleet of solar and interplanetary spacecraft. The division currently operates four missions (Cluster, Mars Express, ExoMars TGO, Bepi Colombo) and prepares for the launch of three others (Solar Orbiter, ExoMars Rover and Surface Platform, JUICE). Within OPS-OP, the ExoMars TGO unit (OPS-OPE) is responsible for the operations of the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) in-orbit around Mars. This includes monitoring, control and mission planning of the satellite as well as the mission responsibility for the required data systems and related interfaces. Overview of the field of activity proposed: The ExoMars TGO is the first in a series of Mars missions undertaken jointly by ESA and Roscosmos. From its 400-km- altitude science orbit TGO shall gain a better understanding of methane and other atmospheric gases present in small concentrations (less than 1% of the atmosphere) which could be evidence for possible biological or geological activity. The Orbiter is also an invaluable Mars telecommunications asset, currently providing communication services to NASA rovers (or landers) on the Mars Surface: it acts as a data relay hub for sending commands to the rovers and downloading rover data to Earth using ESA, NASA and Russian space communication networks. This relay function will serve the ExoMars 2020 mission, combining a European Rover and a Russian science Surface Platform, planned to land on Mars in March 2021. -
DMC Grants Since Inception.Xlsm
Grants Since Inception as of April 7, 2020 Grant Total Grant Board Approval Organization Name Number Grant Purpose Amount September Wayne State University School of 20131771 Support for the Henry L. Brasza Endowed $ 51,885.00 2013 Medicine Directorship of the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics to link the understanding of diabetes and its complications at the molecular level with clinical investigations into the strategies to treat, Wayne State University School of 20131772 Supportprevent and for thecure Marie diabetes E. Brasza Endowed Chair in $ 51,255.00 Medicine Gynecologic Oncology to advance research involving cancer of the ovaries, cervix and uterus Wayne State University School of 20131774 Support for the Lambert/Webber Endowed Chair for $ 121,907.00 Medicine Hematology/Oncology to support research Wayne State University School of 20131775 Support for the Parker-Webber Endowed Chair in $ 84,414.00 Medicine Neurology for academic pursuits and neurological research by the individual named to hold the chair Wayne State University School of 20131776 Support for the Dong H. Shin, M.D., Ph.D. Endowed $ 31,277.00 Medicine Professorship in Ophthalmology & Glaucoma Research for glaucoma research. education or Wayne State University School of 20131777 Supportpatient care for theactivities Fann Srere Endowed Chair in $ 74,268.00 Medicine Perinatal Medicine for development, maintenance and application of services and programs to benefit pregnant women and newborn infants, and to facilitate innovative perinatal research Grants Since Inception as of April 7, 2020 Grant Total Grant Board Approval Organization Name Number Grant Purpose Amount Wayne State University School of 20131778 Support for the Edward S. -
Exomars 2016 TGO and Schiaparelli
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use estec European Space Research and Technology Centre Keplerlaan 1 2201 AZ Noordwijk The Netherlands T +31 (0)71 565 6565 F +31 (0)71 565 6040 www.esa.int ExoMars 2016 Mission Brief description of TGO and Schiaparelli Prepared by H. Svedhem (SCI-S), K. O’Flaherty (SCI-S) Reference EXM-MS-REP-RSSD-001_TGO-EDM-Description_Iss.1 Issue 1 Revision 0 Date of Issue 28/01/2016 Status 1 Document Type RP Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Reason for change Issue Revision Date Original issue 1 0 4/02/2016 Issue 1 Revision 0 Reason for change Date Pages Paragraph(s) Page 2/20 ExoMars 2016 Mission - Brief description of TGO and Schiaparelli Date: 4/02/2016 Issue 1 Revision 0 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use Table of contents: 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 4 2 EXOMARS TRACE GAS ORBITER AND SCHIAPARELLI MISSION (2016) . 5 3 EXOMARS TRACE GAS ORBITER (TGO) .................................................. 9 4 EXOMARS TRACE GAS ORBITER INSTRUMENTS .................................. 10 5 SCHIAPARELLI: THE EXOMARS ENTRY, DESCENT AND LANDING DEMONSTRATOR MODULE ........................................................................ 12 6 SCHIAPARELLI SCIENCE PACKAGE AND SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS17 Page 3/20 ExoMars 2016 Mission - Brief description of TGO and Schiaparelli Date: 4/02/2016 Issue 1 Revision 0 ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use 1 INTRODUCTION This document presents a brief summary of the ExoMars 2016 mission and its two major elements, the Trace Gas Orbiter, TGO, and the Entry descent and landing Demonstrator Model, EDM, - Schiaparelli. It also gives an overview of the TGO and Schiaparelli scientific investigations and the corresponding instruments. The text is derived from information available on the ESA Exploration web-site, http://exploration.esa.int/mars/. -
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the Other Galilean Moons of Jupiter
An Impacting Descent Probe for Europa and the other Galilean Moons of Jupiter P. Wurz1,*, D. Lasi1, N. Thomas1, D. Piazza1, A. Galli1, M. Jutzi1, S. Barabash2, M. Wieser2, W. Magnes3, H. Lammer3, U. Auster4, L.I. Gurvits5,6, and W. Hajdas7 1) Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden, 3) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria, 4) Institut f. Geophysik u. Extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany, 5) Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingelo, The Netherlands, 6) Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands 7) Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. *) Corresponding author, [email protected], Tel.: +41 31 631 44 26, FAX: +41 31 631 44 05 1 Abstract We present a study of an impacting descent probe that increases the science return of spacecraft orbiting or passing an atmosphere-less planetary bodies of the solar system, such as the Galilean moons of Jupiter. The descent probe is a carry-on small spacecraft (< 100 kg), to be deployed by the mother spacecraft, that brings itself onto a collisional trajectory with the targeted planetary body in a simple manner. A possible science payload includes instruments for surface imaging, characterisation of the neutral exosphere, and magnetic field and plasma measurement near the target body down to very low-altitudes (~1 km), during the probe’s fast (~km/s) descent to the surface until impact. The science goals and the concept of operation are discussed with particular reference to Europa, including options for flying through water plumes and after-impact retrieval of very-low altitude science data. -
Deep Impact As a World Observatory Event Held in Brussels, Belgium, 7–10 August 2006
Other Astronomical News Report on the Workshop on Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event held in Brussels, Belgium, 7–10 August 2006 Hans Ulrich Käufl1 One of the spectacular deconvolved images from the Christiaan Sterken2 Deep Impact Spacecraft High Resolution Imager shown in the conference (courtesy Mike A’Hearn and the Deep Impact Team). This is a colour composite of an infrared, a green and a violet filter forced to av- 1 ESO erage grey. Note the blueish areas on the surface 2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium close to the crater-like structure. Those were entirely unexpected. It is highly interesting to find out if those structures can be correlated with the jets which were meticulously monitored from ground-based ob- In the context of NASA’s Deep Impact servers worldwide. This aspect in the picture – en- space mission, Comet 9P/Tempel1 tirely unrelated to the impact plume – illustrates very well how comet research, apart from the impact has been at the focus of an unprece- experiment, will profit from the synergy of spacecraft dented worldwide long-term multi- data and the unprecedented worldwide coordinated wavelength observation campaign. The observing campaign. comet has been studied through its perihelion passage by various spacecraft including the Deep Impact mission it- self, HST, Spitzer, Rosetta, XMM and all To make full use of the global data set, a To inspire new ideas, it was very helpful major ground-based observatories in workshop bringing together observers and interesting to have Roberta Olson basically all wavelength bands used in across the electromagnetic spectrum and from the New York Historical Society, astronomy, i.e. -
Mars, Phobos, and Deimos Sample Return Enabled by ARRM Alternative Trade Study Spacecraft
Mars, Phobos, and Deimos Sample Return Enabled by ARRM Alternative Trade Study Spacecraft Jacob A. Englander,∗ Matthew A. Vavrina,† Bo Naasz ,‡ Raymond G. Merill,MinQu§ ¶ The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission (ARRM) has been the topic of many mission design studies since 2011.1 The reference ARRM spacecraft uses a powerful solar electric propulsion (SEP) system and a bag device to capture a small asteroid from an Earth-like orbit and redirect it to a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) around the moon. The ARRM Option B spacecraft uses the same propulsion system and multi-Degree of Freedom (DoF) manipulators device to retrieve a very large sample (thousands of kilograms) from a 100+ meter diameter farther-away Near Earth Asteroid (NEA). This study will demonstrate that the ARRM Option B spacecraft design can also be used to return samples from Mars and its moons - either by acquiring a large rock from the surface of Phobos or Deimos, and/or by rendezvousing with a sample-return spacecraft launched from the surface of Mars. I. Introduction The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission (ARRM) Option A concept, first introduced in 2011,1 is a mission design to capture and return a small near-Earth asteroid (NEA) to cislunar space. The ARRM Option B concept is a similar spacecraft, but designed to return a very large sample from a more difficult to reach NEA.2 In this work we show that the spacecraft designed for ARRM Option B is also well-suited to sample return from Mars and its moons. This work presents low-thrust interplanetary trajectories from cislunar space to Mars and back, including descent from the Martian sphere of influence (SOI) to the desired orbit altitude and ascent to the SOI after the sample retrieval is complete. -
Efficient Radar Forward Operator for Operational Data Assimilation
Efficient Radar Forward Operator for Operational Data Assimilation within the COSMO-model Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN von der Fakultät für Physik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Math. Yuefei Zeng aus Fujian, China Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 05.07.2013 Referent: Prof. Dr. Klaus D. Beheng Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Christoph Kottmeier Abstract The new weather radar network of the German Weather Service (DWD) will, after its complete update in 2014, comprise 17 dual-polarimetric C-Band Doppler radars evenly distributed throughout Germany for complete coverage. They provide unique 3-dimensional information about dynamical and microphysical characteristics of precipi- tating clouds in high spatial and temporal resolutions. Up to now, these data are not used in the operational COSMO-model of DWD except within the framework of the latent heat nudging and for a simple nudging method of Doppler velocity. Future applications are, however, planned to take better advantage of radar data within an upcoming new 4-Dimensional Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (4D-LETKF) data assimilation system, which will be based on the operational convective-scale ensemble prediction system (EPS) COSMO-DE-EPS (grid spacing of 2.8 km, rapid update cycle, Central Europe domain). It is assumed that the assimilation of weather radar data is a promising means for improvements of short-term precipitation forecasts, especially in convective situations. However, the observed quantities (reflectivity, Doppler velocity and polarization prop- erties) are not directly comparable to the prognostic variables of the numerical model. In order to, on one hand, enable radar data assimilation in the framework of the above- mentioned 4D-LETKF-assimilation system and, on the other hand, to facilitate compar- isons of numerical simulations with radar observations in the context of cloud micro- physics verification, a comprehensive modular radar forward operator has been developed. -
Size of Particles Ejected from an Artificial Impact Crater on Asteroid
A&A 647, A43 (2021) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039777 & © K. Wada et al. 2021 Astrophysics Size of particles ejected from an artificial impact crater on asteroid 162173 Ryugu K. Wada1, K. Ishibashi1, H. Kimura1, M. Arakawa2, H. Sawada3, K. Ogawa2,4, K. Shirai2, R. Honda5, Y. Iijima3, T. Kadono6, N. Sakatani7, Y. Mimasu3, T. Toda3, Y. Shimaki3, S. Nakazawa3, H. Hayakawa3, T. Saiki3, Y. Takagi8, H. Imamura3, C. Okamoto2, M. Hayakawa3, N. Hirata9, and H. Yano3 1 Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan 3 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan 4 JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan 5 Department of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan 6 Department of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan 7 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan 8 Aichi Toho University, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan 9 School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan Received 28 October 2020 / Accepted 26 January 2021 ABSTRACT A projectile accelerated by the Hayabusa2 Small Carry-on Impactor successfully produced an artificial impact crater with a final apparent diameter of 14:5 0:8 m on the surface of the near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu on April 5, 2019. At the time of cratering, Deployable Camera 3 took± clear time-lapse images of the ejecta curtain, an assemblage of ejected particles forming a curtain-like structure emerging from the crater.