DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluating Host Resistance to Limit Colletotrichum Coccodes on Onion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluating Host Resistance to Limit Colletotrichum Coccodes on Onion HORTSCIENCE 53(7):916–919. 2018. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12957-18 ley (Syn: Phoma terrestris)andFusarium basal rot incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (H.N. Hansen) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Evaluating Host Resistance to Limit Hansen, but their response to C. coccodes has not been evaluated. The occurrence of this Colletotrichum coccodes on Onion pathogen constitutes a new challenge for í 1 2,3 onion growers in Michigan in maintaining Lina M. Rodr guez-Salamanca and Mary K. Hausbeck productivity and profitability and an integrated Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State disease management strategy is needed. Onion University, East Lansing, MI 48824 growers historically have rotated with celery or carrot which are not recognized hosts of C. Additional index words. Allium cepa, anthracnose, cultivars, disease resistance coccodes and apply fungicides including stro- Abstract. Leaf and neck anthracnose is incited by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) bilurin products which were shown to limit í Hughes, a new foliar disease of onion (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan that has been observed disease in a field study (Rodr guez- in the state since 2010. Symptoms include elliptical lesions on the leaves, necks, or both Salamanca, 2013). In this study, we sought that appear bleached with a pale salmon to dark brown center. To develop an effective to investigate the response of 16 onion culti- integrated disease management strategy, field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to vars to C. coccodes to limit leaf and neck evaluate 16 commercial onion cultivars for their susceptibility to the pathogen. The anthracnose under Michigan field conditions. incidence and severity of anthracnose were evaluated weekly following inoculation. Onion cultivars differed significantly in disease severity and incidence; differences Materials and Methods between years were also observed. ‘Hendrix’ had the lowest disease severity, whereas ‘Highlander’ and ‘Candy’ exhibited severe onion leaf and neck anthracnose symptoms. Field preparation, plant establishment, Using less susceptible onion cultivars combined with effective fungicides against C. and field maintenance. Cultivar trials were coccodes may limit crop losses for Michigan growers. direct-seeded in mineral soil, Oakville fine sand (Natural Resources Conservation Serv., n.d.), at the Southwest Michigan Research A range of pathogens can compromise Environmental conditions especially condu- and Extension Center, Benton Harbor, MI, on onion quality and yield (Carisse et al., 2011; cive to onion leaf and neck anthracnose in- 27 May 2011 and 10 May 2012. The field was Develash and Sugha, 1997; Schwartz and clude a minimum of 12 h at high relative previously planted to rye and vetch cover Mohan, 1995, 2008) and are a yearly threat humidity with temperatures higher than 20 °C crops in 2010 and to onion (C. coccodes– in Michigan. Onion leaf and neck anthrac- (Rodríguez-Salamanca et al., 2018). On to- inoculated plots) in 2011. Although Michi- nose incited by C. coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes mato, severe disease incidence incited by C. gan onions are produced primarily on muck was recently reported as a new disease, and coccodes is most often associated with high soils, some growers have moved a portion of growers in many Michigan counties observed rainfall during the growing season (Dillard, their acreage to mineral soils to avoid pink –1 significant symptoms in 2010 (Rodríguez- 1989). Disease incidence may also be in- root disease. Before bedding, 560 kg·ha of Salamanca et al., 2012) and continue to see creased by the use of overhead irrigation 8–21–29 fertilizer was applied with micro- symptoms yearly (Hausbeck, personal ob- (Raniere and Crossan, 1959). nutrients (0.5% Cu, 1% Mn and 0.5% Zn) and · –1 servation). The symptoms of onion leaf and C. coccodes has been reported to infect 50 side-dressed twice with 11 kg ha of foliar neck anthracnose incited by C. coccodes different hosts worldwide (Farr and Rossman, 20–20–20 fertilizer. The target seeding den- (Rodríguez-Salamanca et al., 2012) are dif- 2011) and 18 within the United States and is of sity was 18 plants per 30 cm. Onion cultivars ferent from the symptoms incited by Colleto- primary importance on tomato (Dillard, 1992) tested for their susceptibility to C. coccodes trichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc and potato [Tsror (Lahkim) and Johnson, under field conditions during 2011 and 2012 included one red-colored bulb cultivar (Red- previously reported in the United States and 2000]. Seed extracted from tomato fruit in- wing) and 15 yellow-colored bulb cultivars the tropics, which is referred to as onion fected with C. coccodes may also be infested (Table 1). The 16 commercially available twister (Ebenebe, 1980; Nischwitz et al., with the pathogen (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010). C. cultivars were planted in a randomized com- 2008; Schwartz et al., 2015) or anthracnose coccodes can also infect weed species in the (Galvan, 2010; Haddad et al., 2003). Onion plete block design (RCBD) with four blocks. families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassi- Each block was 5 m long and consisted of leaf and neck anthracnose symptoms include caceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Malvaceae, oval lesions on the leaves and neck that differ a double row spaced 38 cm apart. A plot Oxalidaceae, and Polygonaceae (Anderson consisted of a double row of onions spaced 38 in appearance from other commonly occurring and Walker, 1985; Raid and Pennypacker, onion foliar diseases (Schwartz and Mohan, cm apart. 1987). The pathogen produces abundant acer- 1995). The onion leaf and neck anthracnose Weed control was achieved by hand vuli and sclerotia on senescent tissues of lesions range about from 0.2 to 0.6 cm in weeding and herbicides were applied as infected plants including tomato (Dillard and width · 0.4 to 3 cm in length and have needed following current recommendations Cobb, 1998), potato (Nitzan et al., 2008), and a characteristic bleached appearance that in- (Bird et al., 2012). Insects, including thrips cludes a salmon- to brown-colored center. some weed species (Raid and Pennypacker, and armyworms, were controlled with appli- 1987). Acervuli give rise to abundant black cations of methomyl (2.3 L·ha–1). The plants globose microsclerotia that have setae (Sutton, had overhead mist irrigation (94.6 L·ha–1)2d 1980). Conidia are produced from acervuli each week for 1–2 h to promote leaf wetness Received for publication 6 Feb. 2018. Accepted for and moisture from rain or irrigation is neces- conducive to C. coccodes dispersal and in- publication 3 May 2018. sary for their release (Dillard, 1992). Sclerotia fection in the field. This work was supported by MSU GREEEN may remain in the soil for up to 1 year in Inoculum preparation, inoculation, and GR11-030 and GR11-020 and the Michigan Onion potato fields [Farley, 1976; Tsror (Lahkim) disease ratings. Several C. coccodes iso- Committee. and Johnson, 2000] and survive associated lates recovered from onion leaves in 2010 We thank all the members of the Hausbeck Lab for with host debris or alone for up to 8 years in and maintained in long-term storage in the their valuable help; special thanks to A. Worth and tomato fields (Dillard and Cobb, 1998). Hausbeck laboratory culture collection were J. Munoz for guidance with statistical analysis assistance. About 40 onion cultivars are available to used as inoculum. The Michigan C. coccodes 1Former Graduate Research Assistant. Michigan growers from various seed sup- isolates 7–1–1–3 (Newaygo Co.), 8–1–1–1 2Professor. pliers. Some of these cultivars offer resistance (Ottawa Co.), 24–1–1–2 (Ionia Co., NRRL 3Corresponding author. E-mail: hausbec1@msu. to pink root incited by Setophoma terrestris accession number 62808), 31–1–2–2 (Calhoun edu. (H.N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp, & Verk- Co.), 34–1–6–1 (Kent Co.), and 38–1–3–1 916 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 53(7) JULY 2018 | BREEDING,CULTIVARS,ROOTSTOCKS, AND GERMPLASM RESOURCES (Eaton Co., NRRL accession number 62809) rinsed three times with distilled water, and cultivars (Table 2). The values for these two were obtained from infected and symptomatic allowed to air dry for 1 h. Isolations were cultivars were significantly different from foliage of onions. conducted on 25% strength PDA and cultures each other in 2012, with ‘Highlander’ having Isolates were transferred from long-term were incubated at 22 ± 2 °C for 14 d under the highest SAUDPC value, whereas in 2011, storage onto 50% strength potato dextrose continuous light. their mean SAUDPC values were similar agar (PDA) and incubated at 22 ± 2 °C for 7 d. Statistical analysis. Final disease inci- (Table 2). A total of 120 plates (20 plates per isolate) dence was analyzed using a generalized lin- After plating, C. coccodes colonies de- with at least 70-mm-diameter fungal growth ear model with a Logit link function and veloped from foliar lesions 5 d after iso- was blended with 500 mL 0.001% tween in binomial distribution. Incidence and sever- lations were conducted, and microsclerotia water and strained through a 19-L paint ity values were used to calculate the area were observed 14 d later. Among cultivars, strainer. This process was repeated until all under the disease progress curve (AUDPC); microsclerotia were not evident on onion 120 fungal plates were used. A total of 25 L IAUDPC and SAUDPC for incidence and roots at the time of field collection. After of inoculum was prepared per trial. The severity, respectively, and yield was ana- incubating onion root isolations for 2 weeks, conidial suspension was adjusted to 2 · 105 lyzed using the PROC MIXED and PROC microsclerotia were observed on cultivars conidia/mL (Rodríguez-Salamanca et al., GLIMMIX procedure of the SAS statistical Bradley (15% of the roots), Marco (15%), 2018) and placed in plastic carboys (Nalgene, analysis software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, Livingston (10%), Stanley (10%), Vespucci Rochester, NY).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Dissection of Three Giant Genomes: Allium Cepa, Allium Sativum, and Allium Ursinum
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Comparative Dissection of Three Giant Genomes: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Allium ursinum Vratislav Peška 1,* , Terezie Mandáková 2 , Veronika Ihradská 1,2,† and Jiˇrí Fajkus 1,2,* 1 Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] 2 Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.P.); [email protected] (J.F.); Tel.: +420-541-517-199 (V.P.); +420-549-494-003 (J.F.) † Current address: Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, P.O. Box 39A, 950 07 Nitra, Slovakia. Received: 4 January 2019; Accepted: 2 February 2019; Published: 9 February 2019 Abstract: Knowledge of the fascinating world of DNA repeats is continuously being enriched by newly identified elements and their hypothetical or well-established biological relevance. Genomic approaches can be used for comparative studies of major repeats in any group of genomes, regardless of their size and complexity. Such studies are particularly fruitful in large genomes, and useful mainly in crop plants where they provide a rich source of molecular markers or information on indispensable genomic components (e.g., telomeres, centromeres, or ribosomal RNA genes). Surprisingly, in Allium species, a comprehensive comparative study of repeats is lacking. Here we provide such a study of two economically important species, Allium cepa (onion), and A. sativum (garlic), and their distantly related A.
    [Show full text]
  • Allium Cepa) Populations Possessing the Cytoplasm of Allium Galanthum
    J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 124(6):626–629. 1999. Seed Yield, Floral Morphology, and Lack of Male-fertility Restoration of Male-sterile Onion (Allium cepa) Populations Possessing the Cytoplasm of Allium galanthum M.J. Havey1 Vegetable Crops Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. cytoplasmic male sterility, alien cytoplasm, introgression ABSTRACT. The primary source (S cytoplasm) of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility (CMS) used to produce hybrid-onion (Allium cepa L.) seed traces back to a single plant identified in 1925 in Davis, California. Many open-pollinated populations also possess this cytoplasm, creating an undesirable state of cytoplasmic uniformity. Transfer of cytoplasms from related species into cultivated populations may produce new sources of CMS. In an attempt to diversify the cytoplasms conditioning male sterility, the cytoplasm of Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir. was backcrossed for seven generations to bulb-onion populations. The flowers of galanthum-cytoplasmic populations possess upwardly curved perianth and filaments with no anthers, making identification of male-sterile plants easier than for either S- or T- cytoplasmic male-sterile onion plants. Mean seed yield per bulb of the galanthum-cytoplasmic populations was measured in cages using blue-bottle flies (Calliphora erythrocephala Meig.) as pollinators and was not significantly different from one of two S-cytoplasmic male-sterile F1 lines, a T-cytoplasmic male-sterile inbred line, or N-cytoplasmic male-fertile lines. Male-sterile lines possessing either the S or galanthum cytoplasm were each crossed with populations known to be homozygous dominant and recessive at the nuclear locus conditioning male-fertility restoration of S cytoplasm and progenies were scored for male-fertility restoration.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Havey Cv
    Michael John Havey USDA-ARS and Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA Telephone: 608-262-1830, Fax: 608-262-4743 Email: [email protected]; Lab URL: http://haveylab.hort.wisc.edu Education Degree Major Year Institution B.S. Plant Pathology 1977 Iowa State University M.S. Plant Pathology 1983 University of Wisconsin Ph.D. Plant Breeding-Plant Genetics and 1984 University of Wisconsin Plant Pathology Refereed Publications 1. Havey, M.J., and K.J. Frey. 1978. Optimal sample sizes and number per plot and replicate number for seed weights in oats. Cereal Res. Comm. 6:113-122. 2. Havey, M.J., and C.R. Grau. 1985. Decline of established alfalfa in soils naturally infested with Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis and level of correlation with a seedling assay. Plant Dis. 69:221-224. 3. Havey, M.J., and D.P. Maxwell. 1987. Inheritance of Phytophthora root rot resistance in two diploid alfalfa species. Crop Sci. 27:225-228. 4. Havey, M.J., D.P. Maxwell, and J.A.G. Irwin. 1987. Independent inheritance of genes conditioning resistance to Phytophthora root rot from diploid and tetraploid alfalfa. Crop Sci. 27:873-879. 5. Havey, M.J., and D.P. Maxwell. 1988. Transfer of disease resistance from diploid to tetraploid alfalfa using unreduced female gametes. Plant Disease 72:603-604. 6. Havey, M.J., J.C. Faria, D.P. Maxwell, and D.J. Hagedorn. 1988. Partial resistance to anthracnose in Brazilian land races of dry beans shows race specificity. Euphytica 39:167-174. 7. Havey, M.J., and F.J.
    [Show full text]
  • MOLEKÜLER MARKIR KULLANARAK BAZI YEREL SOĞAN (Allium Cepa L.) ÇEŞİTLERİNDE Ve ISLAH EDİLEN SAF HATLARDA SİTOPLAZMALARIN BELİRLENMESİ
    MOLEKÜLER MARKIR KULLANARAK BAZI YEREL SOĞAN (Allium cepa L.) ÇEŞİTLERİNDE ve ISLAH EDİLEN SAF HATLARDA SİTOPLAZMALARIN BELİRLENMESİ Elif ÖZOKUTANOĞLU T.C ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ MOLEKÜLER MARKIR KULLANARAK BAZI YEREL SOĞAN (Allium cepa L.) ÇEŞİTLERİNDE ve ISLAH EDİLEN SAF HATLARDA SİTOPLAZMALARIN BELİRLENMESİ Elif ÖZOKUTANOĞLU Prof. Dr. Erdoğan BARUT Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ali Fuat GÖKÇE (Danışman) (İkinci Danışman) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ ANABİLİM DALI BURSA 2013 i TEZ ONAYI Elif Özokutanoğlu tarafından hazırlanan “Moleküler Markır Kullanarak Bazı Yerel Soğan (Allium Cepa L.) Çeşitlerinde ve Islah Edilen Saf Hatlarda Sitoplazmaların Belirlenmesi” adlı tez çalışması aşağıdaki jüri tarafından oy birliği ile Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı’nda YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ olarak kabul edilmiştir. Danışman: Prof. Dr. Erdoğan Barut İkinci Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ali Fuat Gökçe, Niğde Üniversitesi Başkan : Prof. Dr. Erdoğan BARUT Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Üye : Prof. Dr. H. Özkan SİVRİTEPE Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Üye : Doç. Dr. Himmet TEZCAN Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Fitopatoloji Anabilim Dalı Üye : Doç. Dr. Nuray AKBUDAK Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Üye : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ali Fuat GÖKÇE Niğde Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri ve Teknolojileri Fakültesi, Genetik ve Uygulamalı Islah Anabilim Dalı Yukarıdaki sonucu onaylarım Prof. Dr. Ali Osman DEMİR Enstitü Müdürü
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Evolution, Domestication and Taxonomy
    1 Evolution, Domestication and Taxonomy R.M. Fritsch1 and N. Friesen2 1Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany; 2Botanischer Garten der Universität, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany 1. The Genus Allium L. 5 1.1 General characteristics 5 1.2 Distribution, ecology and domestication 6 1.3 Phylogeny and classification 10 2. The Section Cepa (Mill.) Prokh. 14 2.1 Morphology, distribution and ecology 14 2.2 Cytological limitations 15 2.3 Grouping of the species 15 2.4 Enumeration of the species 16 3. Allium cepa L. 19 3.1 Description and variability 19 3.2 Infraspecific classification 20 3.3 Evolutionary lineages 21 3.4 History of domestication and cultivation 22 4. Other Economic Species 23 4.1 Garlic and garlic-like forms 23 4.2 Taxa of Asiatic origin 24 4.3 Chives and locally important onions from other areas 25 5. Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 27 References 27 1. The Genus Allium L. controversy. In early classifications of the angiosperms (Melchior, 1964), they were 1.1 General characteristics placed in the Liliaceae. Later, they were more often included in the Amaryllidaceae, The taxonomic position of Allium and on the basis of inflorescence structure. related genera has long been a matter of Recently, molecular data have favoured a © CAB International 2002. Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances (eds H.D. Rabinowitch and L. Currah) 5 6 R.M. Fritsch and N. Friesen division into a larger number of small mono- • Ovary: trilocular, three septal nectaries of phyletic families. In the most recent and various shape, two or more curved competent taxonomic treatment of the (campylotropous) ovules per locule, monocotyledons, Allium and its close rela- sometimes diverse apical appendages tives were recognized as a distinct family, the (crests and horns); developing into a Alliaceae, close to the Amaryllidaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • INDUKCIJA HAPLOIDNIH GINOGENETSKIH REGENERANTOV ČEBULE (Allium Cepa L.) IZ KRIŽANJA LINIJ OH-1 X 5225B
    UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA AGRONOMIJO Barbara OVTAR INDUKCIJA HAPLOIDNIH GINOGENETSKIH REGENERANTOV ČEBULE (Allium cepa L.) IZ KRIŽANJA LINIJ OH-1 x 5225B DIPLOMSKO DELO Univerzitetni študij Ljubljana, 2008 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA AGRONOMIJO Barbara OVTAR INDUKCIJA HAPLOIDNIH GINOGENETSKIH REGENERANTOV ČEBULE (Allium cepa L.) IZ KRIŽANJA LINIJ OH-1 x 5225B DIPLOMSKO DELO Univerzitetni študij INDUCTION OF HAPLOID GYNOGENETIC REGENERANTS OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) FROM CROSSING OF LINES OH-1 x 5225B GRADUATION THESIS University Studies Ljubljana, 2008 Srce že ve zakaj solze sreče, ko gledam te. Foto in besedilo: A. Kralj & B. Ovtar Ovtar B. Indukcija haploidnih ginogenetskih regenerantov čebule (Allium cepa L.) iz križanja linij OH-1 x 5225B. II Dipl. delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Odd. za agronomijo, 2008 Diplomsko delo je zaključek univerzitetnega študija agronomije. Poskus je bil opravljen na Univerzi v Ljubljani, Biotehniški fakulteti, Oddelku za agronomijo, Katedri za genetiko, biotehnologijo in žlahtnjenje rastlin. Študijska komisija Oddelka za agronomijo je za mentorja diplomskega dela imenovala prof. dr. BOHANEC Boruta. Komisija za oceno in zagovor: Predsednik: akad. prof. dr. Ivan KREFT Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Član: prof. dr. Borut BOHANEC Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Članica: prof. dr. Marijana JAKŠE Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Datum zagovora: Naloga je rezultat lastnega raziskovalnega dela. Podpisana se strinjam z objavo svoje naloge v polnem tekstu na spletni strani Digitalne knjižnice Biotehniške fakultete. Izjavljam, da je naloga, ki sem jo oddala v elektronski obliki, identična tiskani verziji Barbara OVTAR Ovtar B.
    [Show full text]
  • Triparental Origin of Triploid Onion, Allium
    Fredotović et al. BMC Plant Biology 2014, 14:24 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/14/24 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Triparental origin of triploid onion, Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani, 1842), as evidenced by molecular, phylogenetic and cytogenetic analyses Željana Fredotović1, Ivica Šamanić1, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss2, Juraj Kamenjarin1, Tae-Soo Jang2 and Jasna Puizina1* Abstract Background: Reconstruction of the parental origins of cultivated plants from wild relatives, especially after long periods of domestication, is not a trivial task. However, recent advances in molecular phylogenetics, among other approaches, have proved to be very informative in analyses of the origin and evolution of polyploid genomes. An established minor garden crop, triploid onion Allium × cornutum (Clementi ex Visiani, 1842) (2n =3x = 24), is widespread in southeastern Asia and Europe. Our previous cytogenetic analyses confirmed its highly heterozygous karyotype and indicated its possible complex triparental genome origin. Allium cepa L. and Allium roylei Stearn were suggested as two putative parental species of A. × cornutum, whereas the third parental species remained hitherto unknown. Results: Here we report the phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of 35S rDNA and the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) region of 5S rDNA of A.×cornutum and its relatives of the section Cepa. Both ITS and NTS sequence data revealed intra-individual variation in triploid onion, and these data clustered into the three main clades, each with high sequence homology to one of three other species of section Cepa: A. cepa, A. roylei, and unexpectedly, the wild Asian species Allium pskemense B. Fedtsh. Allium pskemense is therefore inferred to be the third, so far unknown, putative parental species of triploid onion Allium × cornutum.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity Test of Genus Allium: a Review
    Fadhilah Arifa et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2020, 11 (12) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF GENUS ALLIUM: A REVIEW Fadhilah Arifa, Anzharni Fajrina*, Aried Eriadi, Ridho Asra School of Pharmaceutical Science (STIFARM) Padang, Indonesia *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 4/12/20 Approved for publication: 31/12/20 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.1112102 ABSTRACT The genus Allium plants are often used by people as a food flavoring. These plants are also used for medicinal purposes. The genus Allium plants are known to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites by having the Allicin, Ajoene main compounds, and secondary metabolites. This review article describes plants from the genus Allium that have antimicrobial potential. In the writing process, this review article used literature study techniques by finding literature in the form of official books, national journals, and international journals in the last 10 years (2010-2020). The literature search in writing this review article was conducted through online media search with keywords as follows: antimicrobial, Allium, and inhibition zone diameter. The search for the main references in this review article was done through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Reserachgate, and other published journals. Some plants of the genus Allium such as Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa, Allium chinense, Allium porrum, Allium roseum, Allium sativum, Allium staticiforme, Allium subhirsutum, Allium tuberosum, Allium tuncelianum, and Allium wallichii showed antimicrobial activity. The potential antimicrobial activity of each part of the plant depends on the solvent used, the concentration and levels of secondary metabolites contained therein.
    [Show full text]
  • Taufiq Hidayat
    Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) Vol. 3 No. 2 August, 2018: 66–71 Available online at http://journal.ugm.ac.id/jip DOI: doi.org/10.22146/ipas.26749 The Growth and Yield of Shallot ( Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) in Application of Beneficial Microorganisms T aufiq Hidayat 1, 2 , Prapto Yudono 1, Endang Sulistyaningsih 1*, Arif Wibowo 3 1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 5528, Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta JL. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183 3Department of Phytopatholoy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 5528, Indonesia *Corresponding email: [email protected] Received: 19 th July 2017; Revised: 21 st March 2018; Accepted: 05 th May 2018 ABSTRACT Shallot ( Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the most widely utilized vegetables in Indonesia. Some technologies have been adapted to improve its productivity, e.g. the application of beneficial microorganisms. Mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis as well as the combination of these microorganisms were applied on shallot cultivations. The experiment aims to investigate the effect of those microorganisms on the growth and yield of shallot. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with two treatment factors: (1) two shallot cultivars, Biru Lancor and Crok Kuning and (2) six beneficial microorganism treatments, i.e., control, mycorrhizae, Trichoderma sp., Bacillus thuringiensis , mycorrhizae and Trichoderma sp., combination, and those three microorganism combination. The objective was to study the effect of those microorganism application and their combination on the improvement of growth and yield of Crok Kuning and Biru Lancor cultivars.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological, Cytological and Embryological Characterization of F1 A
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 57/2: 98–105, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2015-0025 MORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOLOGICAL AND EMBRYOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF F1 A. CEPA × A. ROYLEI HYBRIDS ALICJA CHUDA*, KAROLINA KŁOSOWSKA AND ADELA ADAMUS Unit of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland Received July 28, 2015; revision accepted November 17, 2015 In the previous study we obtained a population of interspecific F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids. In this study, in comparison to the parental species: A. cepa and A. roylei, the F1 hybrids were evaluated in terms of plant mor- phology, pollen viability, microsporogenesis and female gametophyte. Most of the morphological characters of the F1 hybrids were intermediate as compared to those of both parental accessions. In pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the F1 hybrids abnormalities were observed in meiosis as well as at the tetrad stage. Pollen viability of F1 A. cepa × A. roylei hybrids was reduced to 30.1%. In the F1 hybrids, 45.8% of the analyzed ovules showed developmental disturbances, whereas in 26.7% of the ovules necrotic processes were observed. Key words: Allium cepa, A. roylei, embryo sac, interspecific hybrids, microsporogenesis, morpho- logical characters, pollen viability INTRODUCTION al., 2007). The first sexual hybridization between Allium cepa and A. fistulosum was reported by Interspecific hybridization has always been consid- Emsweller and Jones (1935). However, backcross- ered an important tool for broadening the genetic ing and successful introgression of desirable traits variation of cultivated Allium species (Kik, 2002; such as resistance to pink root and onion leaf blight, Chuda and Adamus, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored
    L ATIN for GARDENERS ACANTHUS bear’s breeches Lorraine Harrison is the author of several books, including Inspiring Sussex Gardeners, The Shaker Book of the Garden, How to Read Gardens, and A Potted History of Vegetables: A Kitchen Cornucopia. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 © 2012 Quid Publishing Conceived, designed and produced by Quid Publishing Level 4, Sheridan House 114 Western Road Hove BN3 1DD England Designed by Lindsey Johns All rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in China 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrison, Lorraine. Latin for gardeners : over 3,000 plant names explained and explored / Lorraine Harrison. pages ; cm ISBN 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth : alkaline paper) — ISBN (invalid) 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) 1. Latin language—Etymology—Names—Dictionaries. 2. Latin language—Technical Latin—Dictionaries. 3. Plants—Nomenclature—Dictionaries—Latin. 4. Plants—History. I. Title. PA2387.H37 2012 580.1’4—dc23 2012020837 ∞ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). L ATIN for GARDENERS Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored LORRAINE HARRISON The University of Chicago Press Contents Preface 6 How to Use This Book 8 A Short History of Botanical Latin 9 Jasminum, Botanical Latin for Beginners 10 jasmine (p. 116) An Introduction to the A–Z Listings 13 THE A-Z LISTINGS OF LatIN PlaNT NAMES A from a- to azureus 14 B from babylonicus to byzantinus 37 C from cacaliifolius to cytisoides 45 D from dactyliferus to dyerianum 69 E from e- to eyriesii 79 F from fabaceus to futilis 85 G from gaditanus to gymnocarpus 94 H from haastii to hystrix 102 I from ibericus to ixocarpus 109 J from jacobaeus to juvenilis 115 K from kamtschaticus to kurdicus 117 L from labiatus to lysimachioides 118 Tropaeolum majus, M from macedonicus to myrtifolius 129 nasturtium (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytological Evaluations of Advanced Generations of Interspecific Hybrids
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Cytological Evaluations of Advanced Generations of Interspecific Hybrids between Allium cepa and Allium fistulosum Showing Resistance to Stemphylium vesicarium Natalia Kudryavtseva 1 , Michael J. Havey 2, Lowell Black 3, Peter Hanson 4, Pavel Sokolov 1, Sergey Odintsov 1, Mikhail Divashuk 1 and Ludmila Khrustaleva 1,* 1 Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (RGAU-MTAA), 49, Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (S.O.); [email protected] (M.D.) 2 USDA-ARS and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; [email protected] 3 Seminis Vegetable Seeds, DeForest, WI 53532, USA; [email protected] 4 The World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box 42, Shanhua Tainan 74199, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 13 December 2018; Accepted: 27 February 2019; Published: 4 March 2019 Abstract: Interspecific crossing is a promising approach for introgression of valuable traits to develop cultivars with improved characteristics. Allium fistulosum L. possesses numerous pest resistances that are lacking in the bulb onion (Allium cepa L.), including resistance to Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB). Advanced generations were produced by selfing and backcrossing to bulb onions of interspecific hybrids between A. cepa and A. fistulosum that showed resistance to SLB. Molecular classification of the cytoplasm established that all generations possessed normal (N) male−fertile cytoplasm of bulb onions. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to study the chromosomal composition of the advanced generations and showed that most plants were allotetraploids possessing the complete diploid sets of both parental species.
    [Show full text]