HUNTINGTON THEATRE COMPANY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE BY LYNN NOTTAGE | DIRECTED BY KIMBERLY SENIOR TABLE OF CONTENTS

Common Core Standards 3

Massachusetts Standards in Theatre 4

Artists 5

Themes for Writing and Discussion 7

Mastery Assessment 10

Further Exploration 11 SWEAT Suggested Activities 15 by LYNN NOTTAGE Directed by KIMBERLY SENIOR JAN. 31 – MAR. 1 Huntington Avenue Theatre

© Huntington Theatre Company Boston, MA 02115

JANUARY 2020

No portion of this curriculum guide may be reproduced without written permission from the Huntington Theatre Company’s Education Department

Inquiries should be directed to:

Meg O’Brien | Director of Education [email protected]

This curriculum guide was prepared for the Huntington Theatre Company by: Regine Vital | Manager of Curriculum and Instruction Logan Nelson | Education Apprentice with contributions by Marisa Jones | Education Associate COMMON CORE STANDARDS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS

STANDARDS: Student Matinee performances and pre-show workshops provide unique opportunities for experiential learning and support various combinations of the Common Core Standards for English Language Arts. They may also support standards in other subject areas such as Social Studies and History, depending on the individual play’s subject matter. Activities are also included in this Curriculum Guide and in our pre-show workshops that support several of the Massachusetts state standards in Theatre. Other arts areas may also be addressed depending on the individual play’s subject matter.

Reading Literature: Key Ideas and Details 1 Reading Literature: Craft and Structure 5 • Grades 9-10: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to • Grades 9-10: Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and inferences drawn from the text. manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks), create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise. • Grades 11-12: Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as • Grades 11-12: Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the to structure specific parts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to text leaves matters uncertain. begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well Reading Literature: Key Ideas and Details 2 as its aesthetic impact. • Grades 9-10: Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, Reading Literature: Craft and Structure 6 including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific • Grades 9-10: Analyze a particular point of view or cultural details; provide an objective summary of the text. experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature. • Grades 11-12: Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, • Grades 11-12: Analyze a case in which grasping point of view including how they interact and build on one another to produce required distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. is really meant (e.g., satire, sarcasm, irony, or understatement).

Reading Literature: Key Ideas and Details 3 Reading Literature: Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7 • Grades 9-10: Analyze how complex characters (e.g. those with • Grades 9-12: Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of poem (e.g. recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text develop the themes. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist). • Grades 11-12: Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop related elements of a story or drama (e.g., where a story is set, how the action is ordered, how the characters are introduced and developed).

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 3 MASSACHUSETTS STANDARDS IN THEATRE

ACTING • 1.7: Create and sustain a believable character throughout a scripted or AUDIENCE ETIQUETTE improvised scene (By the end of Grade 8). • 1.12: Describe and analyze, in written and oral form, characters’ wants, Attending live theatre is a unique experience with needs, objectives, and personality characteristics (By the end of many valuable educational and social benefits. To Grade 8). ensure that all audience members are able to enjoy the performance, please take a few minutes to discuss the • 1.13: In rehearsal and performance situations, perform as a productive following audience etiquette topics with your students and responsible member of an acting ensemble (i.e., demonstrate before you come to the Huntington Theatre Company. personal responsibility and commitment to a collaborative process) (By the end of Grade 8). • How is attending the theatre similar to and different • 1.14: Create complex and believable characters through the integration of from going to the movies? What behaviors are and physical, vocal, and emotional choices (Grades 9-12). are not appropriate when seeing a play? Why? • 1.15: Demonstrate an understanding of a dramatic work by developing a • Remind students that because the performance character analysis (Grades 9-12). is live, the audience’s behavior and reactions will • 1.17: Demonstrate increased ability to work effectively alone and affect the actors’ performances. No two audiences collaboratively with a partner or in an ensemble (Grades 9-12). are exactly the same, and therefore no two READING AND WRITING SCRIPTS performances are exactly the same—this is part of what makes theatre so special! Students’ behavior • 2.7: Read plays and stories from a variety of cultures and historical should reflect the level of performance they wish periods and identify the characters, setting, plot, theme, and conflict to see. (By the end of Grade 8). • Theatre should be an enjoyable experience for • 2.8: Improvise characters, dialogue, and actions that focus on the the audience. It is absolutely all right to applaud development and resolution of dramatic conflicts (By the end of Grade 8). when appropriate and laugh at the funny moments. Side conversations with your friends during the • 2.11: Read plays from a variety of genres and styles; compare and performance, however, are not allowed. Why might contrast the structure of plays to the structures of other forms of this be? Be sure to mention that not only would the literature (Grades 9-12). people seated around them be able to hear their TECHNICAL THEATRE conversation, but the actors on stage could hear • 4.6: Draw renderings, floor plans, and/or build models of sets for a them, too. Theatres are constructed to carry dramatic work and explain choices in using visual elements (line, shape/ sound efficiently! form, texture, color, space) and visual principals (unity, variety, harmony, • Any noise or light can be a distraction, so please balance, rhythm) (By the end of Grade 8). remind students to make sure their cell phones • 4.13: Conduct research to inform the design of sets, costumes, sound, are turned off (or better yet, left at home or at and lighting for a dramatic production (Grades 9-12). school!). Texting, photography, and video recording CONNECTIONS are prohibited. • Strand 6: Purposes and Meanings in the Arts — Students will describe • Food, gum, and drinks are not permitted in the the purposes for which works of dance, music, theatre, visual arts, and theatre or lobby. This includes our lobby spaces architecture were and are created, and, when appropriate, interpret their before, during, and after the performance. meanings (Grades PreK-12). • Students should sit with their group as seated by • Strand 10: Interdisciplinary Connections — Students will apply their the Front of House staff and should not leave their knowledge of the arts to the study of English language arts, foreign seats once the performance has begun. languages, health, history and social science, mathematics, and science and technology/engineering (Grades PreK-12).

2. Who is the Artistic Director of the Huntington Theatre Company? FIND US ONLINE! Who is the Managing Director? How long have they each been in Did you know the Huntington Theatre Company’s website provides their respective positions? What are the primary responsibilities students and teachers opportunities to more deeply explore the season’s of each of these jobs? offerings and learn about upcoming events in the Education department? 3. Your friend broke her foot and needs to use a wheelchair. Utilizing the website at huntingtontheatre.org find the answers to the What accessibility services does the Huntington provide for following questions: patrons like her? 1. Which other plays by Lynn Nottage have been produced at the 4. Did you know the Huntington Theatre Company is on Facebook? Huntington Theatre Company? When was the last time a play by Like us at Facebook.com/HuntingtonTheatre and Facebook.com/ Nottage appeared in the Huntington’s season? EducationAtHuntington.

4 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE MEET THE ARTISTS

PLAYWRIGHT LYNN NOTTAGE Lynn Nottage is a multi-award-winning playwright from Brooklyn, New York. Nottage’s work centers around complex moments in American history that revolve around the lives of working class African Americans—specifically women. Her critically-acclaimed played Ruined (directed by Liesl Tommy at the Huntington Theatre Company in 2011) won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2009, and Sweat garnered the same achievement in 2017. Lynn Nottage and August Wilson are the only playwrights of color to win this award twice; Nottage is also the first woman to win this award twice since the Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917. Other awards include the MacArthur “Genius Grant” Fellowship, Steinberg Distinguished Playwright Award, Laura Pels Master Playwright Award, Helen Hayes Award, Lee Reynolds Award, the Merit and Literature Award from The Academy of Arts and Letters, and more. She is a board member for the Dramatist Play Service, Donor Direct Action, Second Stage, and the Dramatists Guild, as well as the co-founder of Market Road Films, a production company that has developed television shows for HBO and Showtime. Lynn Nottage received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brown University and an MFA from the Yale University School of Drama. She currently lives in Brooklyn with her husband and two children, and is an Associate Professor of Theatre at Columbia University and a guest lecturer of playwriting at the Yale School of Drama (Zhong 2019). A select list of her plays include: Las Meninas; Crumbs From The Table of Joy; Intimate Apparel; Fabulation; Playwright of Sweat, Lynn Nottage Mud, River, Stone; and By The Way, Meet Vera Stark. For more JEESE DITMAR/REDUX information, visit her website, lynnnottage.com. QUESTIONS: 1. Lynn Nottage and August Wilson are the only two playwrights of color to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama twice. What similarities do you notice between their work? What are the differences? 2. Nottage writes about complex moments in history. What complex moments in American history would you choose to write about? What complex moments in your own life would you choose to write about? 3. How is Cynthia’s experience as a working class African-American woman different from Tracey’s experience as a working class White woman? How is it different from Stan’s experience? From Oscar’s experience?

DIRECTOR KIMBERLY SENIOR Kimberly Senior is a prolific freelance director of over twenty years; her numerous credits include the 2013 Pulitzer Prize winning play Disgraced by Ayad Akhtar, a play she has directed multiple times, as well as Eleanor Burgess’ 2018 play The Niceties, and the upcoming Our Daughters, Like Pillars by Kristen Greenidge (both at the Huntington Theatre Company). She is the director of Sweat, a play the New Yorker calls “the first theatrical landmark of the Trump era” (huntingtontheatre.org).

Her career began when she was 22-years-old at Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago to begin an internship. Today, Senior has many Zainab Jah, Carla Duren, and Pascale Armand in theatrical homes in Chicago, including the Collaboraction Theatre the Huntington’s production of Ruined by Lynn Nottage

KEVIN BERNE Company which she founded in 1997. Additionally, she is a Resident

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 5 JOAN MARCUS

Gretchen Mol, Hari Dhillon, Karen Pittman, and Josh Radnor in Disgraced, directed by Kimberly Senior.

has also directed off-Broadway at Lincoln Center Theater (LCT3), the Goodman Theatre, Seattle Repertory Theatre, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, and Mark Taper Forum. Recently, Senior made her HBO debut with Chris Gethard: Career Suicide, which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. She is the recipient of the 2016 Special Non-Equity Jeff Award for her Chicago career achievements as a trail blazer, champion, and role model for emerging artists. She also received the 2016 Alan Schneider Award (TCG), and the 2018 Einhorn Award (Primary Stages). Senior has a long resume and an established career; after twenty years, she has no intentions of slowing down. “I’m 43, and I’ve been directing 6 to 9 plays a year for 20 years,” Senior says, calling herself a “directing machine.” I’m going to get to do this for a really long time, and I’m only at the beginning” (American Theatre).

In addition to her work as a director, Kimberly Senior is also an educator. She spent ten years as both an administrator and Resident Artist with Steppenwolf for Young Adults and has also either managed Director Kimberly Senior or taught programs for Court Theater, Northlight Theater, Redmoon BRANDON DAHLQUIST BRANDON Theater, and Acting Studio Chicago, among others. She has taught Chekhov, Dramaturgy and Text Analysis at Columbia College as well as Director at Writers Theatre and an Associate Artist at TimeLine numerous classes at DePaul University and University of Chicago. She Theatre. She spent ten years as an associate artist at Strawdog has also served as Program Director and dramaturg for Steppenwolf’s Theater, eight years as an associate artist at Chicago Dramatists, and First Look Repertory of New Work and continues to develop new plays six years as an associate artist at the much beloved Next Theatre. with the Ojai Playwrights Conference. Senior also served as the first board president of The Hypocrites (kimberlysenior.net). QUESTION: Senior is a director in high demand and has worked with theatre 1. Consider the plays Kimberly Senior has directed (Disgraced, companies all over the country. In addition to Disgraced’s Broadway The Niceties, Sweat, etc); what themes and ideas do they have debut and productions with the Huntington Theatre Company, she in common? How do they differ?

6 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE THEMES FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION

NAFTA AND THE RUST BELT high during World War II) had begun to diminish, along with the jobs associated with its manufacture. One of the most damning days in , or the North American Free Trade Agreement, began in January NAFTA Rust Belt history was September 19, 1977, known as Black Monday. of 1994. Under the agreement, tariffs and restrictions between the US On this day, Youngstown Sheet and Tube in Ohio closed down, and and Canada, as well as the US and Mexico, were eliminated (North immediately furloughed five thousand workers. The closure affected American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)). A consequence of NAFTA the entire community long afterwards; over time, an estimated forty is that many US jobs, especially those rooted in manufacturing and thousand jobs were lost. The Rust Belt’s population and job availability agriculture, started to disappear with the increase of imported products hasn’t reached or exceeded those numbers since (Trubek 2018). from Mexico and Canada. Not only did imported goods become more accessible, but companies began to take advantage of the dwindling According to Dennis Davin, Pennsylvania’s Secretary of the job market in Mexico, realizing they could pay Mexican employees less Department of Community and Economic Development, the state is money to work longer hours. Workers were also replaced with machines no longer “plagued by a declining population, a weakened economy, that could complete more work without a paycheck, and employees and urban decay due to a faltering industrial sector,” but the shadow often received no warning when a machine was slated to take over a of the Rust Belt stills informs people’s perceptions of the region job, or when a machine was moved out of a factory, eliminating jobs. (Davin 2019).

THE RUST BELT. Sweat takes place in Reading, a manufacturing town Reading, Pennsylvania now has a diverse mix of agriculture, in southern Pennsylvania. During the American Revolution, the Reading manufacturing, and service industries. Reading’s top agricultural Iron Industry exceeded England’s iron production, and supplied product are mushrooms. Although iron, metal fabrication, and textile cannons, rifles, and ammunition for Washington’s troops. In the 1800s, canals were constructed as inexpensive and efficient transportation routes for bulk cargo. After the Reading Railroad was developed, farming and agriculture boomed (The History of Reading). Today, Reading exists within the Rust Belt, a region with no definitive borders, where areas and cities with high concentrations of manufacturing and industry suffered due to NAFTA. The “Rust Belt” is an informal region of the United States, much like New England or The Sun Belt. ‘Rust’ refers the rusty machines and materials left behind after the factories were shut down in those communities. The area includes parts of New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Idaho, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconson; or, as the saying goes, “As far west as Milwaukee and as far east as Buffalo.”

The woes of the Rust Belt are primarily blamed on NAFTA, though many also blame the economic policies of Ronald Reagan, also known as Reaganomics. However, the demand for steel (which had been

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 7 a part of American culture as a way to protect workers from the stress and dangers associated with various aspects of their jobs. The most famous US union is the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which was founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. This union is credited with increasing wages for its members and improving safety protocols in work environments (What is a Union?).

Some of the benefits of being in a union are health care, job security, strength in numbers and community, and seniority when it comes to hiring and firing, which can often eliminate favoritism. Some of the drawbacks include union fees, a loss of autonomy or individuality, elected supervisors that act as bosses instead of teammates, and greater challenges for young people to break into the industry (Keller 2017). However, even with unions, floor jobs in a factory can be highly challenging, even dangerous. Employees still work long hours on their feet with little break time. As Chris says, “Nobody tells you that no matter how hard you work, there will never be enough money to rest” (Act 1, Scene 3). QUESTIONS: 1. What are some other examples of professions with unions? Are there any that you think could benefit from a union? and apparel manufacturing have declined since 2000, Reading now produces batteries, specialty steel, candy, and snack foods (Analysis 2. Would you want to join a union? Why or why not? of the Reading, Pennsylvania Housing Market 2013). WHAT IS THE AMERICAN DREAM? QUESTIONS: There’s no one definitive meaning. Does the American Dream include 1. What is a tariff? amassing great wealth like businessmen Warren Buffet and Jeff 2. Why do you think factory executives would choose not to Bezos? Is it growing up bi-racial with your single mom and becoming tell employees about new machines? Do you think this is fair? the first African American president like Barack Obama? Is Oprah the Why or why not? American Dream? Or Tom Brady? Or Lin-Manuel Miranda? Or Taylor Swift? Is it you? 3. Take a look at your food packaging, clothing, and electronics. How many of them are manufactured in the U.S., and how The idea of the “American Dream” is everywhere in our society. It is a many of them are imported from overseas? trope of American films and TV shows, songs and books, and plays and 4. Why do you think the Rust Belt hasn’t been able to bounce paintings. It has almost become cliché. Politicians continually invoke back completely from its traumatic history? its promise in campaign speeches, as if simply speaking the phrase magically wipes away social inequities, in the process leeching it of 5. Think of the characters from Sweat—how do each of them any real or useful meaning. Immigrants speak of coming to America in deal with the difficulties of living within the Rust Belt? search of the Dream: refuge, safe haven, opportunity, financial security, 6. The Rust Belt, New England, and The Sun Belt are defined and new beginnings. In today’s America, is any of that possible? as informal regions. Can you think of any others? If your In being over-used and perhaps oversold, the American Dream can region doesn’t already have one, what would you call it? be an empty promise, a too-broad catch-all with no real value. And yet, it endures in American imagination, civic discussion, and ideals. LABOR AND TRADE UNIONS IN THE US According to UnionPlus, “a labor union or trade union is an organized group of workers who unite to make decisions about conditions affecting their work. Labor unions strive to bring economic justice to the workplace and social justice to our nation.” Currently, there are over 60 unions representing 14 million workers across the United States. Some examples include teachers, actors, firefighters, bus drivers, nurses, engineers, office workers, and more. Many people choose to join a union because salary and benefits are usually better. Unions also can provide a platform for workers to share their thoughts and opinions on contracts, working conditions, and salary increases. STEVE JURVETSON/FLICKR

Unions can operate like a democracy: many of them elect officers to make decisions on behalf of the group. Labor unions date back to the eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution was booming in Europe, creating a surge of new workers and a definitive need for Lin Manuel Miranda in Hamilton. representation in the workplace. In the United States, unions became

8 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE CHRIS KUTARNA/PSYCHOLOGY TODAY CHRIS KUTARNA/PSYCHOLOGY

Quintessentially American, the phrase acts as a barometer for what definition of the American Dream is a problem, an actual nightmare the quality of an American life could be. In Sweat, we watch as the for the country. Some call it a “cruel myth”—so long as racism, sexism, characters continue to chase their American Dreams, grappling with and other forms of discrimination and inequality exist, the American the possibility that their dreams may never be fulfilled. Dream can’t be real. As George Carlin, comedian and social critic once joked, “It’s called the American dream because you have to be asleep Where did the phrase, “the American Dream” come from? What does to believe it” (Kiger). it actually mean? The term was first coined by James Truslow Adams in his 1931 book, The American Epic. In the book he describes his new Still, for many, the Dream is real. As we see in Sweat, several characters idea as “that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer are always in pursuit of their more ideal future: Chris wants to leave the and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability factory line to pursue his education; Cynthia wants a promotion from or achievement” (The Atlantic, June 2007). He went on to specify that the floor to be the first Black female manager; Jason wants to move to the Dream “is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but Myrtle Beach and open a Dunkin Donuts; Brucie’s friend Garth opens a dream of a social order in which each man and each woman shall be a Bed and Breakfast in Honduras; Oscar wants to earn enough money able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, to live comfortably, an honest wage for hard, honest work. And then and recognized by others for what they are.” Adams’ description there’s Tracey who remembers her immigrant grandfather, a German sounds utopic, but it is in keeping with how the Americas, particularly craftsman who came to the US and made a comfortable life for himself the United States, had always been viewed: a land of plenty, of using his skills. Tracey seems to want to go back to James Truslow promise, a land of endless possibility for anyone who wanted it. As Adams’ definition of the Dream, “that dream of a land in which life explained by Yale economist, Robert J. Schiller, Adams’ “innovation should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity in language…replaced older terms” to describe a “trajectory to a for each according to ability or achievement.” She feels the Dream has promising future, a model for the United States and for the whole been stolen from her; however, she seems unable to extend the right world” (New York Times, 2017). to that dream to others. Her grandfather’s story isn’t much different from that of Oscar’s father, but she cannot accept Oscar’s story. It begs While Adam’s idealistic description is familiar, the invocation and another question: Who owns the American Dream? Is it a birthright? use of his phrase hasn’t always been so wholesome. After its 1931 Or is it the dreamer’s—any dreamer—inheritance? introduction into the American lexicon, advertisers started to use the term “American Dream” to sell products. In the 30s and 40s, it was QUESTIONS: occasionally used to sell books and plays; in the 50s, it was held up as 1. How would you describe or define the American Dream? Is it a the admirable goal of freedom and equality in a fight against fascism. phrase that has any special meaning for you? In the 60s, its most famous iteration was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, in which Dr. King shared Adams’ vision for 2. In Sweat, characters discuss their dreams and sometimes argue equality of opportunity and freedom (NYT). But by the 1970s and about what makes a dream real. What are some of your dreams? 80s, the term began to be frequently associated with “conspicuous 3. It is considered a compliment to be told “You are the American consumption.” The Dream, once an idealistic measure of potential Dream”. Who is someone you think has accomplished the self-actualization, had evolved into a measure of worth based on what American Dream? Are they rich? Famous? Or an everyday you owned and could afford to buy. Some believe this materialistic person? Why do you think they are the American dream?

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 9 MASTERY ASSESSMENT ACT ONE 38. Why is Jessie upset with Tracey? 1. In what year does the play begin? 39. How has Cynthia’s job changed now that she works in the office? 2. Who is Jason talking to in the beginning? 40. When did Jessie and Cynthia first meet? 3. Why is Jason talking to this person? 41. How long has Jessie been working in the factory? 4. What sort of tattoos does Jason have? Where did he get them? 42. What was Jessie’s dream? 5. Why does Chris talk to Evan? 43. Why is Tracey mad at Cynthia? Is this the truth? 6. What happened when Jason and Chris saw each other? 44. On what day do people find out the factory took away the Where do they meet? machines? 7. What is the date when we see Cynthia, Tracey, and Jessie in 45. What does Brucie think it means that the machines are gone? the bar? 8. Where does Cynthia want to spend her summer? ACT TWO 9. Why is Cynthia mad at Brucie? 1. In what year does Act Two begin? 10. What happened to Brucie that made him change his behavior? 2. Why can’t Tracey give Jason more money? 11. What happened to Freddy Brunner? 3. What happened to Cynthia’s house? 12. What is Oscar’s cultural background? 4. How has Chris changed? 13. What does Cynthia want Tracey to talk to Jessie about? 5. What is Cynthia doing for work now? 14. When did Cynthia start working at the factory? When did Tracey start? 6. Are Cynthia and Tracey still friends? 15. What is the name of the factory where everyone works? 7. Why is everyone upset with Cynthia in scene two? 16. What does Jason want to buy? Why won’t he tell his mother 8. Why are things changing at the factory? about it? 9. What do the factory managers want from the workers? 17. Where is Chris going in September? 10. What are the workers planning to do? 18. What does Chris say will replace the workers on the floor? 11. How did Cynthia used to feel about her job at the factory? 19. Where does Jason want to go when he’s fifty? What does he How does she feel now? want to own? 12. What did her bosses make her do? 20. What is on TV when Brucie comes to the bar? 13. What is the only thing Cynthia thinks is good about what she did? 21. Who would Brucie vote for in the election? Why? 14. Will Stan vote? 22. How long has Brucie been out of work? Why? 15. How does Tracey think of Cynthia now? 23. Why does Stan not work at the factory anymore? 16. What do Tracey and Jessie want Cynthia to do with them? 24. How long did Stan work on the floor? Why can’t Cynthia do it? 25. What kind of work did Brucie’s father do? When did he stop? 17. What happened to Brucie while on the line? 26. What sort of program is Brucie in? 18. What memory does Chris have of his father? 27. How are Brucie and Cynthia connected? 19. Why does Brucie change his mind about Chris going to school? 28. Why is Brucie unsure about Chris going to Albright? 20. Why does Oscar take the factory job? 29. What do Oscar and Tracey talk about outside the bar? 21. What advice does Stan give him? Why? 30. What is Centro Hispano? 22. What was Oscar’s father’s job? Where? 31. Why are people celebrating in the bar that night? 23. How does Oscar think differently from his father? 32. How does Tracey feel about Cynthia on this night? 24. Why won’t Stan give Tracey a drink? 33. Where was Oscar born? 25. Why is Tracey’s upset with Oscar? 34. Where did Tracey’s family come from? How long have they been in Pennsylvania? 26. Who does Stan blame for the current situation at the factory? 35. What did Tracey’s grandfather do for a living? 27. Why does Jason attack Oscar? Why does Chris? 36. What would Tracey’s grandfather carve into buildings for her? 28. When does the play end? In what year? 37. What sports event is about to begin on the night of Jessie’s 29. What does Oscar say is the right thing to do at the end of birthday? the play?

10 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE FURTHER EXPLORATION

The United Nations General Assembly meeting at the United Nations headquarters in New York City MANUEL ELIAS/UN PHOTO MANUEL ELIAS/UN

CONTEXTUALIZING US POLITICS, ECONOMICS, What is the United Nations General Assembly? AND CULTURE IN SWEAT: THE HEADLINES “Through the Charter of the United Nations, the UN General Assembly (sometimes referred to as UNGA) was created in In the play, Nottage juxtaposes moments of national change 1945 as the forum for multilateral coordination internationally. alongside moments of local change or community events in Reading, It is the arm of the UN dedicated to global discussion and Pennsylvania. This juxtaposition highlights how local realities and policymaking. The General Assembly meets from September to concerns can diverge or seem disconnected from the national December each year, and as needed following the New Year” headlines. They also give a snapshot of the stories that seem to (Porterfield 2016). define a particular moment in the history of one American town. These headlines also highlight some of the key political and cultural What is the Dow Jones Industrial Average? talking points that will come to define the electoral discussions of “When someone says the stock market is up, they are likely both 2000 and 2008, the two elections cycles during which the play talking about the Dow Jones Industrial Average. For the is set. Below are the “headlines” Nottage chooses to highlight for average person, the Dow means the stock market. While just each scene in Sweat; each scene is a day, and each day has a major looking at the Dow is not an accurate measure of the many headline that is either national news, local news, or both. Key terms thousands of stocks listed on the various stock exchanges in are further explained below each headline, followed by a question the US, it is a pretty simple way of telling the world which or idea for further exploration. way the market appears to be moving, today” (Rae 2019). Some general questions to consider: QUESTIONS: 1. Why do you think Nottage chooses to “headline” each scene 1. What were some topics discussed by the UNGA during their of Sweat? How does that help to paint the picture of the world 2008 session? these characters are living in? 2. What is the stock market? What are other exchanges besides 2. Imagine you are living through the news events highlighted in the Dow? What do they measure? Sweat. Which events seem directly connected to your life? Which events feel disconnected from you? ACT 1, SCENE 2: JANUARY 18TH, 2000 (19 DEGREES) 3. Before an event becomes a note in history, it’s a news headline. What are the current news headlines that may one • American think tanks report that the booming stock market day become notes of history? Are they big or small events is widening the income gap between the poorest and richest now? Can you already see their historical significance? Or will U.S. families it grow over time? • Reading proposes an aggressive dog ordinance to regulate ownership of certain pet breeds, including pit bulls

Act 1, Scene 1: September 29th, 2008 (72 degrees) What is the income gap? The 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly closes • “In the United States, the income gap between the rich and • The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls 777.68 points, marking everyone else has been growing markedly, by every major the largest single-day decline in stock market history statistical measure, for more than 30 years...Over the past

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 11 five decades, the top 1 percent of American earners have nearly doubled their share of national income. Meanwhile, the official poverty rate for all U.S. families has merely inched up and down. The official poverty rate understates the number of people in the world’s richest country who have trouble making ends meet. An estimated 43.5 percent of the total U.S. population (140 million people) are either poor or low-income” (Income Inequality). QUESTION: 1. Is there an income gap today in 2020? What is it like today compared to 2000?

ACT 1, SCENE 4: MARCH 2ND, 2000 (48 DEGREES) • Republican presidential debate includes Alan Keyes, John McCain, and George W. Bush • In Reading, an overnight fire leaves a mother with five children homeless

• Baldwin Hardware Corps, a brass hardware maker, announces READINGPA.GOV plans to open a new 280,000 square foot facility in Leesport

Who is Alan Keyes? A view of Reading, PA “A controversial [African American] conservative Republican, Alan Lee Keyes has perhaps one of the most extensive QUESTIONS: resumes to date in public and political life. His positions and appointments include but are not limited to: U.S. Department of 1. How many African Americans ran for president before Barack State Foreign Service Officer of the consular office in Bombay, Obama won in 2008? India from 1979-1980; desk officer in Zimbabwe from 1980-1981 2. John McCain is considered a war hero and ran for president twice; and then policy planning staff, 1981-83; U.S. Representative to do some research on his story and discover how he became one of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO) the most famous US politicians to date. from 1983 to 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for International 3. The policies of President George W. Bush marked the beginning of Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1988; Republican nominee the 2000s and are still felt today all across the US and the world. for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 1988 and in 1992; President What are some of the major decisions he made which are still of Citizens Against Government Waste from 1989-1991; Interim affecting Americans today? President for Alabama A&M University in 1991, and host of nationally syndicated “America’s Wake-Up Call” show. Alan Keyes launched candidacies for President of the United States ACT 1, SCENE 5: APRIL 17TH, 2000 (60 DEGREES) in 1996 and in 2000” (Cheam 2007). • Three days after a record 617.77-point drop in the Dow Jones as the tech bubble bursts Who is John McCain? • D.C. protesters disrupt World Bank and International Monetary “John McCain first entered the public spotlight as a Navy fighter Fund meeting pilot during the Vietnam War. Taken prisoner after his plane was shot down, he suffered five and a half years of torture and • A 26-year-old man is shot leaving a bar on Woodward Street confinement before his release in 1973. In 1986, he began his in Reading long tenure as the U.S. senator from Arizona, a position he held What are the World Bank and International Monetary Fund? until his death in 2018. Senator McCain ran for president on the Republican ticket [for the second time] in 2008, losing to “The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources Democrat Barack Obama in the general election” (History.com of funding and knowledge for developing countries. Its five Editors 2019). institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development. The Who is George W. Bush? International Monetary Fund works to foster global monetary “Born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut, George W. cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international Bush was the 43rd president of the United States. He narrowly trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic won the Electoral College vote in 2000, in one of the closest growth, and reduce poverty around the world” (The World and most controversial elections in American history. President Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Bush led the United States’ response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and initiated the Iraq War. Before his presidency, QUESTION: Bush was a businessman and served as governor of Texas” 1. Who are the current leaders of the World Bank and IMF? (George W. Bush). Where are they from?

12 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE ACT 1, SCENE 6: MAY 5TH, 2000 (84 DEGREES) just 54 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. White, non-Hispanic women are paid 79 cents and Asian The U.S. unemployment rate tumbles to a thirty-year low, 3.9% • American women 90 cents for every dollar paid to white, non- • The City of Reading fires a dozen employees, fearing a deficit Hispanic men, and Asian American and Pacific Islander women of $10 million of some ethnic and national backgrounds fare much worse” (America’s Women and the Wage Gap). • Allen Iverson and the Philadelphia 76ers prepare for Game 1 of Eastern Conference Semifinals What I urban blight? What does the term “unemployment rate” mean? “The etymology of blight dates to the late 1500s, when it was used primarily by farmers—‘any baleful influence of “When workers are unemployed, they, their families, and the atmospheric or invisible origin,’ says the Oxford English country as a whole lose. Workers and their families lose wages, Dictionary, ‘that suddenly blasts, nips, or destroys plants.’ and the country loses the goods or services that could have When this farming term is used to describe an urban or been produced. In addition, the purchasing power of these city space, ‘blight’ might only be a more polite way to workers is lost, which can lead to unemployment for more say ‘ghetto’” (Mock). workers. Addressing the issue of unemployment requires information about the extent and nature of the problem. QUESTION: How many people are unemployed? How did they become unemployed? How long have they been unemployed? Are 1. Two of the main characters in Sweat, Cynthia and Tracey, are their numbers growing or declining? Are they men or women? women who work in the factory. Do you think they are affected Are they young or old? Are they White, or Black, or Asian, by the salary gap? How could we close the salary gap? or of Hispanic ethnicity? How much education do they have? Are they concentrated in one area of the country more than ACT 2, SCENE 1: OCTOBER 13TH, 2008 another? These statistics—together with other economic data— (79 DEGREES) can be used by policymakers to determine whether measures • The Dow Jones gains 916 points, its largest gain ever, following should be taken to influence the future course of the economy news that the government-funded bank bailouts were approved or to aid those affected by joblessness” (How the Government around the world Measures Unemployment). • In Berks County, Pennsylvania, power shut-offs for delinquent QUESTION: utility customers rise 111% over previous year 1. The unemployment rate is a national measurement of how many What are the government-funded bank bailouts of 2008? workers there are in all 50 states. Do you think this is the best way to consider this information when cities and towns can be as “President George W. Bush signed the $700 billion bank bailout different as Reading, PA and New York City? bill on October 3, 2008. The official name was the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Treasury Secretary Henry ACT 1, SCENE 7: JULY 4TH, 2000 (84 DEGREES) Paulson had asked Congress to approve a $700 billion bailout to buy mortgage-backed securities that were in danger of • Working Women Magazine reports the salary gap narrowing defaulting. By doing so, Paulson wanted to take these debts off between men and women in some U.S. industries the books of the banks, hedge funds, and pension funds that • Reading police crackdown on high-crime neighborhoods in held them. His goal was to renew confidence in the functioning response to a recent rise in violent crime of the global banking system and end the financial crisis” (Amadeo 2019). • The City of Reading purchases a number of run-down buildings and will demolish them in an effort to combat urban blight QUESTION: What is the history of the salary gap between men and women 1. What do you think the phrase “Too big to fail” means? What in the U.S.? did it mean in 2000? “Nationally, the median annual pay for a woman who holds a full-time, year-round job is $45,097 while the median annual ACT 2, SCENE 4: SEPTEMBER 28TH, 2000 pay for a man who holds a full-time, year-round job is $55,291. (63 DEGREES) This means that, overall, women in the United States are paid • First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton posts strong polling numbers 82 cents for every dollar paid to men, amounting to an annual in her NY Senate race against Rick Lazio gender wage gap of $10,194. This persistent, pervasive wage • Americans Venus and Serena Williams win a gold medal in gap is driven in part by gender and racial discrimination, women’s doubles tennis at the Sydney Summer Olympics workplace harassment, job segregation and a lack of workplace policies that support family caregiving, which is still most often • Three Mexican migrant farm workers are killed when their performed by women. The gender wage gap is a measure of car crashes into trees in Reading just how far our nation still has to go to ensure that women can participate fully and equally in our economy—and it is widest Who is Hillary Rodham Clinton? for many women of color. Among women who hold full-time, “Hillary Clinton was born on October 26, 1947, in Chicago, year-round jobs in the United States, Black women are typically Illinois, going on to earn her law degree from Yale University. paid 62 cents, Native American women 58 cents and Latinas She married fellow law school graduate Bill Clinton in 1975.

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 13 PETE SOUZA/OFFICIAL WHITE HOUSE PHOTO JEWEL SAMAD/GETTY REUTERS

Hillary Clinton George Bush and Al Gore Barack Obama

She later served as first lady from 1993 to 2001, and then QUESTIONS: as a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009. In early 2007, Clinton 1. After he lost the 2000 presidential race, for what political work announced her plans to run for the presidency. During the 2008 Democratic primaries, she conceded the nomination when it did Al Gore become famous? became apparent that Barack Obama held a majority of the 2. What sort of income tax structure does the United States use? delegate vote. After winning the national election, Obama Whose idea was it? appointed Clinton Secretary of State. She was sworn in as part of his cabinet in January 2009 and served until 2013. In the ACT 2, SCENE 7: OCTOBER 15TH, 2008 spring of 2015, she announced her plans to run again for the (77 DEGREES) U.S. presidency. In 2016, she became the first woman in U.S. history to become the presidential nominee of a major political • Baghdad and Washington reach final agreement on a pact party. After a polarizing campaign against GOP candidate requiring U.S. forces to withdraw from Iraq by 2011 Donald Trump, Clinton was defeated in the general election • U.S. stocks plunge 733 points, the second-biggest point loss in that November” (Hillary Clinton). history QUESTION: • John McCain and Barack Obama hold their final televised debate at Hofstra University in Hempstead, NY 1. Hillary Rodham Clinton has been making the headlines for over 40 years. Do you think she has achieved the American Dream? • Federal prosecutors convict multimillion-dollar drug ring that Why or why not? converted several Reading houses into indoor marijuana farms

ACT 2, SCENE 6: NOVEMBER 3RD, 2000 What is the Iraq War? (66 DEGREES) “In March 2003, U.S. forces invaded Iraq vowing to destroy Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and end the • It’s four days before the U.S. Presidential Election; George Bush dictatorial rule of Saddam Hussein. When WMD intelligence and Al Gore are running neck and neck in the polls proved illusory and a violent insurgency arose, the war lost • The mayor of Reading proposes a budget to increase the public support. Saddam was captured, tried, and hanged income tax and democratic elections were held. In the years since, there have been over 4,700 U.S. and allied troop deaths, and more Who is Al Gore? than one hundred thousand Iraqi civilians have been killed. “Al Gore, born on March 31, 1948, in Washington, D.C., served Meanwhile, questions linger over Iraq’s fractious political in both the House [of Representatives] and the Senate. He lost situation” (The Iraq War). his bid for the Democratic presidential nomination to Michael Who is Barack Obama? Dukakis in 1988 but was President Bill Clinton’s successful running mate in 1992 and again in 1996. In his 2000 presidential “Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States campaign, Gore won the popular vote, but eventually conceded and the first African American Commander-in-Chief. He defeat to Republican George W. Bush [who won in the electoral served two terms, in 2008 and 2012. The son of parents from college]” (Al Gore). Kenya and Kansas, Obama was born and raised in Hawaii. He graduated from Columbia University and Harvard Law What are income taxes? School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review. “The first federal income tax was imposed in the 1860s when After serving on the Illinois State Senate, he was elected a the government was in desperate need of money to fund U.S. senator representing Illinois in 2004. He and wife Michelle the Civil War. Years later, in response to various court rulings Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha” (Barack declaring the income tax unconstitutional, Congress passed Obama). the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The amendment, which took effect in 1913, specifically authorizes direct taxes on QUESTION: income and is the basis for the federal income tax system as we 1. The Iraq war is one of the longest “hot wars” the United States know it today” (What Are Income Taxes?). has ever been in. What are some others?

14 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES DEBATE TEXT ANALYSIS Read the following exchange between Cynthia and Stan and complete Read the following monologue from Sweat and answer the questions the exercise as follows. that follow.

CYNTHIA: I’m scared, Stan. I got a mortgage to meet, car payments, OSCAR: Why are you coming at me that way? I’m not disrespectin’ you. and Brucie, you’ve seen what being outta work has done to him. I’m just trying to get paid, that’s all. For three years I’ve been carrying I’m not going down that way, I’ve worked too hard. Am I wrong? nothing but crates. I’ve got twenty-dollar bills taped to my wall, and a drawer full of motivational tapes. Got a jar of buena suerte from the STAN: Jesus. Botanica, and a candle that I keep lit twenty-four/seven. I keep asking CYNTHIA: I know. I know. But what could I have done? You tell me! for some good fortune. That’s it. A little bit of money. That’s it. My The plant offered them a deal. The union voted it down. Not me! father, he swept up the floor in a factory like Olstead’s, those fuckas STAN: What do you want me to say, sweetheart? Those are my friends. wouldn’t even give him a union card. But he woke up every morning at four A.M. because he wanted a job in the steel factory, it was the CYNTHIA: Our friends. American way, so he swept fucking floors thinking, “One day they’ll STAN: Then imagine how they feel. Some folks wouldn’t even want let me in.” I know how he feels, people come in here every day. They me to pour you a drink. brush by me without seeing me, no “Hello, Oscar.” If they don’t see me, CYNTHIA: I’ve lived half my life on that floor. My son was practically I don’t need to see them. born in that place. So don’t get sanctimonious with me. 1. What is the tone of this monologue? STAN: Okay, I’ll keep out of it, but you know people will say what 2. What is the significance of Oscar directing these thoughts to they say. Stan? Do you think Oscar feels safe with Stan, or perhaps resentful CYNTHIA: I thought they’d take the damn deal. You think I’m happy toward him? Why or why not? about this? I locked out my own son. My own son. I saw the hurt on his 3. What do you think Oscar means by “the American way?” What do face...But you wanna know the truth, and this is the truth, maybe it’s you think are some examples of an American ideal? for the best, right? It’ll finally get him out of this sinkhole. 4. Think about the line, “If they don’t see me, I don’t need to see For this activity, divide the class into two groups. Group A will argue in them.” What do you think Oscar means by this? favor of Cynthia’s decision to follow work protocol and lock employees 5. Every character in Sweat is trying to survive, make a living, and out; Group B will argue against her decision. On a big sheet of paper/ work toward a goal, including Oscar. Why do you think this shared white board, each group has four minutes to come up with a list that experience leads to polarizing, targeted dialogue and attacks rather supports their argument using the passage above, as well as any than a community of acceptance and understanding? relevant details and dialogue from the play. Once the four minutes are up, a representative from Group A will step forward and state their case from the perspective of Cynthia (for example, “I feel like I made the right decision to lock employees out because…”). Next, a representative from Group B will step forward and state their case from the perspective of Tracey. Students can question each other and infer/create details of the lives of the characters that fit within the world of the play. The teacher should act as the facilitator, allowing for students to switch out of roles and help each other debate the issue. There is no right or wrong answer to this debate, but students might come collectively to a conclusion that they feel best answers the question. Cynthia’s situation is nuanced, so students should feel empowered to ask questions, challenge each other, and explore all possibilities. NESHAMINYCREEKBREWING.COM

Mike’s Tavern in Reading, PA

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 15 WRITE A CRITICAL REVIEW! ENSEMBLE BUILDING As an Arts Critic for the Boston Globe, you have been sent to the The “Machine” – Sweat examines the lives of factory workers Huntington Theatre Company to attend a performance of Sweat. struggling to maintain their friendships and their lives in a shifting After watching the play, you offer your opinions about the following economic landscape. To visually represent the interdependent nature theatrical elements: of their relationships and workplace, ask students to “build a machine.” The group should choose a theme for their work. If this machine • Direction: How did Kimberly Senior, Director, bring Nottage’s play to life? Do you agree with her interpretation of the script? builds cars, for example, how does each member of the factory line contribute to the production of the automobile? Each student • Casting & Acting: Were the performances authentic and moving? should choose both a sound and a movement which can be repeated How did you feel after leaving the theatre? comfortably for several minutes. The machine will grow one person at • Technical Design: Describe the lighting, sound, set, prop and a time, ideally with each new sound and movement complementing costume elements of the production. the whole. The sound and movement patterns will be continuous until the function of the machinery is complete. Arts critics have the important job of informing the community when a show is not to be missed. The Huntington Theatre Company The “Museum” – The action in Sweat shifts in time. The ability to look values YOUR expert opinion. Do not forget to send the Huntington backward eight years provides insight into the current circumstances a copy of your critical review! for these characters—and while the future may have been predicted, it doesn’t make the struggles of the present time any easier to manage. In order to visually represent the idea of preserving a moment in time for future examination, students will create a “museum” or time capsule using only what is present in the room. Students should take their chairs and organize them in a circle. The Seat of the chair should face outward, serving as a platform for each individual “exhibit.” Utilizing resources from their desks, backpacks, and supplies around them, create a visual representation answering the question of “who am I and what is most important to me in this moment.”

After all of the exhibits are complete, take the class on a tour, walking around the exhibits and asking each artist to speak about the work he/she/they have created. Leave time for questions! NILE HAWVER

Jennifer Regan and Tyla Abercrumbie from the Huntington production of Sweat.

16 SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE Australian Olympic athlete Cathy Freeman igniting the Olympic flame during the 2000 Sydney, Australia Opening Ceremony AP

SOCIAL SNAPSHOTS The years 2000 and 2008 are important to the setting of Sweat. The story takes place in these two years, but there are events that occur in the time in between that impact the story. Lynn Nottage acknowledges that this is an important period in history, not just for the characters in the play, but for America as well and highlights this fact by providing social snapshots of the time.

Pick a year that is important to you; what were the major headlines or stories of the time? Who were the major stars and celebrities? What books, songs, and movies were popular? Do some research and create a list of social snapshots; they can include national and local new stories, as well as personal memories. Here are 2 examples:

THE YEAR 2000: IN A NUTSHELL THE YEAR 2008: IN A NUTSHELL • The average yearly income is $40,343, gas is $1.26 a gallon, • The average yearly income is $40,523, gas is $3.39 a gallon, and the average monthly rent is $675, the average lifespan in and the average monthly rent is $800, the average lifespan in the U.S. is 77.5 years. the U.S. is 77.8 years. • Vermont passes a law legalizing Civil Unions for same-sex couples. • Property prices fall in the U.S. and Europe, causing hardship to homeowners and problems for financial institutions. • The Summer Olympics are held in Sydney, Australia; this is the first games to allow female athletes to compete in weightlifting. • President George W. Bush and leaders from the House of The U.S. takes home the most medals, 93 in total. Representatives agree to a $150 billion stimulus package while General Motors Corp. reports the largest ever recorded loss for • Bill Gates leaves his position as CEO of Microsoft; in Japan, Sony releases the Playstation 2 Gaming Console. an automaker: $38.7 billion. Oil hits all-time high of $147 a barrel, leading to inflation, high • Charles Schulz’s final ‘Peanuts’ comic strip is published. • unemployment internationally. • The first crew arrives to live on the International Space Station in November. • Blu-Ray DVD’s now hold 70% of the high definition market, and Apple sells the new ultra-thin MacBook Air Notebook: it’s less • December: the U.S. Supreme Court rules to end the vote recount in than an inch thick and turns on as soon as it’s opened. Florida between presidential candidates George W. Bush and Al Gore, giving the presidency to Bush with a perceived lead of 600 votes. • Barack Obama defeats John McCain in the Presidential election (Pearson 2018). • The Y2K Computer Bug threat doesn’t come true. California begins to suffer the first of two years of rolling blackouts, and cellphones • The top ten artists of 2008 are Chris Brown, Lil Wayne, Rihanna, become crucial consumer products. Alicia Keys, Taylor Swift, Leona Lewis, Miley Cyrus, Jordin Sparks, Jonas Brothers, and T.I. (Year-End Charts Top Artists). • Hillary Clinton is elected to the U.S. Senate, representing New York. • “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire” is published and 51 million viewers watch the season finale of ‘Survivor.’ • The most popular films are ‘How the Grinch Stole Christmas!’, ‘X-Men,’ ‘Scary Movie,’ ‘Gladiator,’ and ‘Cast Away.’ • The most popular artists were Lenny Kravitz, Blink-182, N Sync, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Madonna, Bon Jovi, Kylie Minogue, Britney Spears, P!nk, and Coldplay (Pearson 2018).

SWEAT CURRICULUM GUIDE 17 264 HUNTINGTONBOSTON, MA AVENUE 02115-4606 2019-2020 STUDENT MATINEES THE PURISTS — SEPT. 27 ROSENCRANTZ & GUILDENSTERN ARE DEAD — OCT. 3 QUIXOTE NUEVO — NOV. 22 SWEAT — FEB. 14 OUR DAUGHTERS, LIKE PILLARS — APR. 16 THE BLUEST EYE — MAY 7 & MAY 21