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Makrozoobentos Kao Pokazatelj Ekološkog Potencijala Umjetnih Stajaćica

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Makrozoobentos Kao Pokazatelj Ekološkog Potencijala Umjetnih Stajaćica Makrozoobentos kao pokazatelj ekološkog potencijala umjetnih stajaćica Vučković, Natalija Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2021 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:251464 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-11 Repository / Repozitorij: Repository of Faculty of Science - University of Zagreb PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Natalija Vučković MAKROZOOBENTOS KAO POKAZATELJ EKOLOŠKOG POTENCIJALA UMJETNIH STAJAĆICA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2020 PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Natalija Vučković MAKROZOOBENTOS KAO POKAZATELJ EKOLOŠKOG POTENCIJALA UMJETNIH STAJAĆICA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Mihaljević Zagreb, 2020 FACULTY OF SCIENCE DIVISION OF BIOLOGY Natalija Vučković MACROZOOBENTHOS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE ECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF CONSTRUCTED LAKE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Supervisor: Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Mihaljević Zagreb, 2020 Ovaj je doktorski rad izrađen na Zoologijskom zavodu Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta, pod vodstvom Prof. dr. sc. Zlatka Mihaljevića, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. MENTOR DOKTORSKE DISERTACIJE Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Mihaljević Rođen je 21. siječnja 1966. godine u Varaždinu. Studij biologije (ekologija), upisuje 1986. godine na Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Diplomirao je u siječnju 1991. godine, magistrirao 1994., a doktorsku disertaciju obranio je 1999. godine. Od svibnja 1991. radi na Zoologijskom zavodu, Biološkog odsjeka Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. U znanstveno-nastavno zvanje redoviti profesor izabran je 2015., od kada je i predstojnik Zoologijskog zavoda. Do 2002. godine sudjelovao je u vođenju praktikumske nastave, a nakon izbora u znanstveno-nastavno zvanje docent predaje kolegije Ekologija, Opća ekologija, Ekologija životinja i zoogeografija, Ekologija životinja, Ekologija kopnenih voda, Biologija onečišćenih voda i Biološko vrednovanje i zaštita kopnenih i slatkovodnih ekosistema za studente preddiplomskog, diplomskog i doktorskog studija PMF-a, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Pod njegovim je vodstvom izrađeno i obranjeno dvadesetak diplomskih radova, a bio je i voditelj dva magistarska rada te četiri doktorske disertacije. Znanstvena istraživanja prof. dr. sc. Z. Mihaljevića vezana su uz faunistička i ekološka obilježja slatkovodnih ekoloških sustava. Do sada je objavio 77 znanstvenih radova, od kojih je 42 u časopisima koje referira WoS i 10 Scopus baza. Koautor je sveučilišnog udžbenika Terenske i laboratorijske vježbe i statističke metode u ekologiji te poglavlja u udžbeniku Environmental Engineering - Basic Principles. Rezultate vlastitih istraživanja prezentirao je na četrdesetak znanstvenih skupova. ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se mentoru prof.dr.sc. Zlatku Mihaljeviću na trudu i velikoj pomoći koju mi je pružio. Hvala svim djelatnicima, kolegama, naročito prijateljima iz Laboratorija za ekologiju životinja te ostalim članovima Zoologijskog zavoda na podršci i pomoći prilikom raznih faza izrade ovog rada. Hvala Ivani koja mi je bila moralna i tehnička podrška od početka. Veliko Hvala obitelji koja mi je bila velika potpora. Zahvaljujem se i Marlici i Luki na pomoći. Ovaj rad je posvećen Bojanu koji je bio bezuvjetna podrška. Hvala Bobo. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Doktorski rad Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek Makrozoobentos kao pokazatelj ekološkog potencijala umjetnih stajaćica Natalija Vučković Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb Makrozoobentos kao pokazatelj ekološkoga potencijala umjetnih stajaćica Makrozoobentos je važna komponenta ekosustava umjetnih stajaćica. Makrozoobentos litorala, a naročito umjetnih stajaćica, relativno je slabo istraživan, ponajviše zbog rubnog položaja ovog staništa u vodenom tijelu koji ga, kao i zajednicu koja ga nastanjuje, čini vrlo promjenjivim. Recentna istraživanja su pokazala da usprkos promjenjivim uvjetima, zajednica makrozoobentosa litorala bogatstvom svojti i svojom raznolikošću odražava okolišne parametre i daje pregled ekološkog stanja ili potencijala vodenih tijela. Testirani su utjecaji čimbenika kao što su fizikalno-kemijska obilježja vode, karakter supstrata, dubina, fluktuacija vodostaja, hidromorfološke promjene i zemljišni pokrov na sastav zajednice makrobeskralješnjaka u litoralu umjetnih stajaćica. Od svih okolišnih parametara dubina je bila najmanje značajna. Najveći utjecaj na sastav zajednica makrozoobentosa u Dinaridskoj ekoregiji su imale fluktuacije vodostaja, a u Panonskoj je to bio udio urbanog područja u slivu. Zajednice Dinaridske i Panonske ekoregije međusobno su se značajno razlikovale zbog različitih fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava vode, geoloških podloga i drugih okolišnih parametara. Ključne riječi: Litoral, hidromorfologija, zemljišni pokrov, fluktuacije vodostaja, dubina (105 stranice, 48 slika, 25 tablica, 193 literaturnih navoda, jezik izvornika: hrvatski) Mentor: Prof. dr. sc. Zlatko Mihaljević Ocjenjivači: Izv. prof. dr. sc. Marko Miliša; Izv. prof. dr. sc. Jasna Lajtner, Izv.prof. dr. sc. Dubravka Čerba; zamjena: Doc. dr. sc. Marina Vilenica University of Zagreb Doctoral Thesis Faculty of Science Division of Biology Macrozoobenthos as an indicator of the ecological potential of constructed lakes Natalija Vučković Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Roosevelt square 6 10 000 Zagreb Macrozoobenthos is an essential component of artificial lenthic ecosystems. Littoral macroinvertebrates, especially of constructed lakes, are relatively poorly researched, mostly due to the marginal position of this habitat in the water body which makes it, as well as the community that inhabits it, highly variable. Recent research has shown that despite changing conditions, the littoral macroinvertebrate community reflects environmental parameters with its richness of taxa and its diversity and provides an overview of the ecological status or potential of water bodies. The influence of factors such as physicochemical characteristics of water, substrate character, depth, water level fluctuation, hydromorphological changes and land cover on the composition of the macroinvertebrate community in the littoral zone of the constructed lakes was tested. Of all the environmental parameters, the depth was the least significant. Fluctuations in water levels had the greatest influence on the composition of macrozoobenthos communities in the Dinardic ecoregion, and the percentage of the urban area in the basin was the most significant parameter in the Pannonian ecoregion. The communities of the Dinaric and Pannonian ecoregions differed significantly due to different physicochemical properties of water, geological substrates and other environmental parameters. (105 pages, 48 figures, 25 tables, 193 references, original in Croatian) Keywords: littoral, hydromorphology, land cover, water fluctuations, depth Supervisor: Professor Zlatko Mihaljević, PhD Reviewers: Associate Professor Marko Miliša, PhD; Associate Professor Jasna Lajtner, PhD; Associate Professor Dubravka Čerba, PhD; replacement: Assistant Professor Marina Vilenica, PhD. Sadržaj 1. UVOD ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja u Hrvatskoj ............................................................................ 2 1.3. Opća obilježja makrozoobentosa .............................................................................................. 3 1.3.1. Ekološki čimbenici koji utječu na zajednicu makrobeskralješaka ........................................ 4 1.4. Ekološko stanje i ekološki potencijal ........................................................................................ 7 1.5. Svrha i ciljevi istraživanja....................................................................................................... 12 2. PODRUČJE ISTRAŽIVANJA ...................................................................................................... 13 2.1. Opća obilježja Dinaridske ekoregije ....................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Geološka obilježja Dinaridske ekoregije .......................................................................... 13 2.1.2. Klimatološka obilježja Dinaridske ekoregije .................................................................... 13 2.2. Opća obilježja Panonske ekoregije .......................................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Geološka obilježja Panonske ekoregije............................................................................. 14 2.2.2. Klimatološka obilježja Panonske ekoregije ...................................................................... 14 2.3. Istraživane umjetne stajaćice .................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1. Umjetne stajaćice Dinaridske ekoregije ............................................................................ 21 2.3.2. Umjetne stajaćice Panonske ekoregije .............................................................................
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