Apples & Pears
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5. Organic Orchard
MucknellAbbey Factsheet #5 Organic Orchard Following the vision laid out in the Land Use Strategy for Mucknell, we are working towards producing most of our food using organic methods, contributing to income generation by selling produce. In February 2011, we planted 31 fruit trees, to form an organic orchard. We sourced most of the trees from Walcot Organic Nursery, in the Vale of Evesham, and the Banns were a gift. We planted separate stands of apples, pears and plums. Crab apples are very good pollinators of all apples, so were planted on the edge of the stand of apples to encourage pollination. We planted Gladstone on a corner, so that its vigorous rootstock is less likely to interfere with the growth of the other trees. We planted other varieties according to their pollination groups, so that Bs are next to A-Cs, Cs are next to B-Ds, etc. We are planning to plant comfrey under the trees, cutting it and leaving it in situ to rot down around the trees as a natural fertiliser. Apple (Malus) 1 Adam's Pearmain 2 Annie Elizabeth 4 C 17 8 D 3 Ashmead's Kernel 30,31 Banns 4 Bountiful 5 Blenheim Orange 1 B 5 CT 6 C 6 Discovery 7 Edward VII 8 Gladstone 9 Grenadier 10 Lord Lambourne N 10 B 2 D 11 Pitmaston Pineapple E 12 Rajka D 13 William Crump 14 Winston R A 9 C 7 E 15 Worcester Pearmain 16 Wyken Pippin G Crab Apple (Malus) 17 Harry Baker N 18 Red Sentinel 30 D Bore 3 D E Plum (Prunus) hole 19 Belle de Louvain H 20 Gage - Cambridge Gage C 21 Marjories Seedling T 31 D 13 D 22 Opal I 23 Pershore Purple K 24 Damson - Shropshire Prune Pear (Pyrus) 25 Beth 11 C 14 D 12 C 26 Beurre Hardy 27 Concorde 28 Louise Bonne of Jersey 29 Worcester Black 15 C 18 16 C 19 C 28 B 29 C 22 C 23 C 26 C 25 D 20 D About Mucknell 21 E Mucknell Abbey is a contemplative monastic community of nuns and monks living under the 27 C Rule of St Benedict and part of the Church of 24 D England. -
9–2–05 Vol. 70 No. 170 Friday Sept. 2, 2005 Pages
9–2–05 Friday Vol. 70 No. 170 Sept. 2, 2005 Pages 52283–52892 VerDate Aug 18 2005 19:41 Sep 01, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\02SEWS.LOC 02SEWS i II Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 170 / Friday, September 2, 2005 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Paper or fiche 202–741–6005 Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions 202–741–6005 Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Planting and Aftercare of New Trees
Where to start? • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces Producing Fruit for the Home – Apple … on dwarfing rootstocks • Most traditional and local garden centers do not identify specific rootstock ….”Dwarf”, “Semi Dwarf” Ron Perry • Eventual tree size within Dwarf and Semi Dwarf is large Professor Tree Spacing Nursery ID Hort. Department Rootstocks Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows MSU M.27 or P.22 Dwarf 6 5 10 M.9 Dwarf 8 8 12 M.26 Dwarf 16 10 16 M.7 Semi Dwarf 18 14 22 MM.106 or 111 Semi Dwarf 20 16 22 Where to start? Where to start? • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces – Cherry - Sour • Select desired fruit which will grow in your area. Tree Spacing Rootstocks • Determine how much space you have available. Varieties Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows Northstar Mahaleb 10 8 12 • Select varieties which are easiest to grow. Montmorency Gi.5 or 6 12 10 12 Montmorency Mahaleb 12 10 14 – Disease or insect resistant varieties to reduce pest Montmorency Mazzard 14 12 16 pressures. Balaton Mahaleb 14 12 16 – Cherry - Sweet – Assess soil / site conditions Tree Spacing • Full sun VS shade or partial Nursery ID • Soil internal drainage Rootstocks Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows • Weed competition (lawns are too competitive) Gi.5 Dwarf 12 12 16 Gi.6 Dwarf 14 14 16 Mahaleb Semi Dwarf 20 14 16 Mazzard Semi Dwarf 24 16 20 Average Annual Minimum Temperatures Where to start? (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map) Most MI fruit sites Zone 5 (-20oF to -10oF) to 6 (-10oF to 0oF) • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces – Peach, Nectarine, Apricot and Plums – Can generally plant at a spacing of 10 ft X 15 ft* • * If trained to open center or vase shape • Closer spacing, needs to be trained in Chistmas Tree form (Vertical Axe). -
Genome-Wide Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeats in Pyrus
Xue et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:473 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4822-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeats in Pyrus bretschneideri and their application in an analysis of genetic diversity in pear Huabai Xue1,2†, Pujuan Zhang1†, Ting Shi1, Jian Yang2, Long Wang2, Suke Wang2, Yanli Su2, Huirong Zhang2, Yushan Qiao1* and Xiugen Li2* Abstract Background: Pear (Pyrus spp.) is an economically important temperate fruit tree worldwide. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in pear molecular genetics based on DNA research, but the number of molecular markers is still quite limited, which hardly satisfies the increasing needs of geneticists and breeders. Results: In this study, a total of 156,396 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified from a genome sequence of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Dangshansuli’. A total of 101,694 pairs of SSR primers were designed from the SSR loci, and 80,415 of the SSR loci were successfully located on 17 linkage groups (LGs). A total of 534 primer pairs were synthesized and preliminarily screened in four pear cultivars, and of these, 332 primer pairs were selected as clear, stable, and polymorphic SSR markers. Eighteen polymorphic SSR markers were randomly selected from the 332 polymorphic SSR markers in order to perform a further analysis of the genetic diversity among 44 pear cultivars. The 14 European pears and their hybrid materials were clustered into one group (European pear group); 29 Asian pear cultivars were clustered into one group (Asian pear group); and the Zangli pear cultivar ‘Deqinli’ from Yunnan Province, China, was grouped in an independent group, which suggested that the cultivar ‘Deqinli’ is a distinct and valuable germplasm resource. -
Andre Malraux's Devotion to Caesarism Erik Meddles Regis University
Regis University ePublications at Regis University All Regis University Theses Spring 2010 Partisan of Greatness: Andre Malraux's Devotion to Caesarism Erik Meddles Regis University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Meddles, Erik, "Partisan of Greatness: Andre Malraux's Devotion to Caesarism" (2010). All Regis University Theses. 544. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/544 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by ePublications at Regis University. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Regis University Theses by an authorized administrator of ePublications at Regis University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Regis University Regis College Honors Theses Disclaimer Use of the materials available in the Regis University Thesis Collection (“Collection”) is limited and restricted to those users who agree to comply with the following terms of use. Regis University reserves the right to deny access to the Collection to any person who violates these terms of use or who seeks to or does alter, avoid or supersede the functional conditions, restrictions and limitations of the Collection. The site may be used only for lawful purposes. The user is solely responsible for knowing and adhering to any and all applicable laws, rules, and regulations relating or pertaining to use of the Collection. All content in this Collection is owned by and subject to the exclusive control of Regis University and the authors of the materials. It is available only for research purposes and may not be used in violation of copyright laws or for unlawful purposes. -
Noble Hardwoods Network
EUROPEAN FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAMME (EUFORGEN) Noble Hardwoods Network Report of the second meeting 22-25 March 1997 Lourizan, Spain J. Turok, E. Collin, B. Demesure, G. Eriksson, J. Kleinschmit, M. Rusanen and R. Stephan, compilers ii NOBLE HARDWOODS NETWORK: SECOND MEETING The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRl) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRl's mandate is to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRl's headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). The international status of IPGRl is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 1998, had been signed and ratified by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovak Republic, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for the Research Agenda of -
Apples: Organic Production Guide
A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org Apples: Organic Production Guide By Tammy Hinman This publication provides information on organic apple production from recent research and producer and Guy Ames, NCAT experience. Many aspects of apple production are the same whether the grower uses low-spray, organic, Agriculture Specialists or conventional management. Accordingly, this publication focuses on the aspects that differ from Published nonorganic practices—primarily pest and disease control, marketing, and economics. (Information on March 2011 organic weed control and fertility management in orchards is presented in a separate ATTRA publica- © NCAT tion, Tree Fruits: Organic Production Overview.) This publication introduces the major apple insect pests IP020 and diseases and the most effective organic management methods. It also includes farmer profiles of working orchards and a section dealing with economic and marketing considerations. There is an exten- sive list of resources for information and supplies and an appendix on disease-resistant apple varieties. Contents Introduction ......................1 Geographical Factors Affecting Disease and Pest Management ...........3 Insect and Mite Pests .....3 Insect IPM in Apples - Kaolin Clay ........6 Diseases ........................... 14 Mammal and Bird Pests .........................20 Thinning ..........................20 Weed and Orchard Floor Management ......20 Economics and Marketing ........................22 Conclusion -
Full Text [PDF]
® Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology ©2011 Global Science Books Apple Breeding – From the Origin to Genetic Engineering Andreas Peil1* • Markus Kellerhals2 • Monika Höfer1 • Henryk Flachowsky1 1 Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326 Dresden, Germany 2 Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Apple is the most important temperate fruit crop and ranks fourth in world production of fruits after citrus, grapes and bananas. Although more than 10,000 cultivars are documented, only a few dozen are grown on a commercial scale worldwide. Despite the abundant number of cultivars there is a demand for new cultivars better adapted to climatic conditions/changes and sustainable production. Yet, the challenge for apple breeding is the establishment of improved, multiple disease resistant cultivars with high and regularly yield suited for modern production systems. Due to the fast development of molecular techniques an increasing knowledge on the genome of apple is available, e.g. the whole genome sequence of ‘Golden Delicious’ (Velasco et al. 2010). Molecular markers for a lot of major traits, mostly resistance genes, and QTLs facilitate marker assisted selection, especially the pyramiding of resistance genes to achieve more durable resistance. Mainly the breakdown of the Rvi6 (Vf) scab resistance enhanced the breeding for pyramided resistance genes. But nevertheless, until now there is a gap between the existing molecular knowledge and its application in apple breeding. This paper will focus on the origin and domestication of apple, breeding objectives and classical as well as molecular approaches to achieve breeding aims. -
A Manual Key for the Identification of Apples Based on the Descriptions in Bultitude (1983)
A MANUAL KEY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF APPLES BASED ON THE DESCRIPTIONS IN BULTITUDE (1983) Simon Clark of Northern Fruit Group and National Orchard Forum, with assistance from Quentin Cleal (NOF). This key is not definitive and is intended to enable the user to “home in” rapidly on likely varieties which should then be confirmed in one or more of the manuals that contain detailed descriptions e.g. Bunyard, Bultitude , Hogg or Sanders . The varieties in this key comprise Bultitude’s list together with some widely grown cultivars developed since Bultitude produced his book. The page numbers of Bultitude’s descriptions are included. The National Fruit Collection at Brogdale are preparing a list of “recent” varieties not included in Bultitude(1983) but which are likely to be encountered. This list should be available by late August. As soon as I receive it I will let you have copy. I will tabulate the characters of the varieties so that you can easily “slot them in to” the key. Feedback welcome, Tel: 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone), E-mail [email protected] Simon Clark, August 2005 References: Bultitude J. (1983) Apples. Macmillan Press, London Bunyard E.A. (1920) A Handbook of Hardy Fruits; Apples and Pears. John Murray, London Hogg R. (1884) The Fruit Manual. Journal of the Horticultural Office, London. Reprinted 2002 Langford Press, Wigtown. Sanders R. (1988) The English Apple. Phaidon, Oxford Each variety is categorised as belonging to one of eight broad groups. These groups are delineated using skin characteristics and usage i.e. whether cookers, (sour) or eaters (sweet). -
Friday, September 4, 2020 WEEK AHEAD WEEK BEYOND
SAFETY/SECURITY COMMUNICATIONS. The Communications Center received 648 calls for police service, 31 fire calls and 62 EMS calls for a total number of calls received of 741. There were 11 male inmates and 8 female inmates housed in our jail. FIRE. Fire companies made 31 fire calls and 55 EMS calls. Of the EMS patients, 43 were transports and 12 were non-transports. They performed 5 building inspections. The Fire Marshal’s Office conducted 16 building inspections, 2 fire investigations and performed 3 plans reviews. The City Emergency Management Team continues to meet to respond to the impact from Coronavirus (COVID-19). On Tuesday, TN-TF1 was activated as a Type 4 Water Rescue Team to deploy to Louisiana for Hurricane Laura, which made landfall on Thursday as a Major Category 4 Hurricane. Administrative Chief Keith Saunders, Lieutenant Steven Mosby, and IT Director/Reserve Fire Lieutenant Tony Fischer deployed with the team. They remain working in the Lake Charles and Calcasieu Parrish in Louisiana, which was the hardest hit area. They are conducting wide area searches of the damaged buildings and neighborhoods, including providing support for survivors. Congratulations to Wayne Hampton and Nick Signaigo! They were promoted to Lieutenant following a very competitive promotional process. They fill open Friday, September 4, 2020 positions due to retirements of Tony Hulbert and Mike Pohl. WEEK AHEAD INVESTIGATIONS. The Investigations Division had 29 reports assigned, cleared 22 reports, Tuesday, September 8, 5:30 p.m. (Digital) issued 0 warrants and made 0 arrests. Beautification Commission, PR- Sanders Tuesday, September 8, 6:00p.m. -
Demand for Apples Grow but Stays Flat for Pears and Grapes Fresh
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 12/2/2013 GAIN Report Number: RSATO1319 Russian Federation Fresh Deciduous Fruit Annual Demand for Apples Grow but Stays Flat for Pears and Grapes Approved By: Erik W. Hansen Prepared By: Svetlana Ilyina & Erik W. Hansen Report Highlights: Russia is the largest global importer of apples and pears. In marketing year (MY) 2013, Russian imports of apples are expected to grow slightly while imports of pears and grapes are forecast to remain flat. Post forecasts apple production at 1.2 million metric tons (MMT) in MY 13, down 5 percent than the previous year. Commercial pear production in MY 13 is forecast to remain flat compared to the previous year. The Russian government has allocated funds devoted to horticulture development including: partial reimbursement for new orchard planting and for old orchard removal, cultivation development, financial support for research in new varieties and seed breeding. Executive Summary: Russia is the largest global importer of apples and pears. In marketing year (MY) 2013, Russian imports of apples are expected to grow slightly while imports of pears and grapes are forecast to remain flat. Post forecasts apple production at 1.2 million metric tons (MMT) in MY 13, down 5 percent than the previous year. More than 60 percent of the apple crop in Russia is cultivated by the households for personal consumption or sales within the season in outdoor markets. In 2013, the average apple yield per hectare in Russia was around 6.9 tons per ha attributed mainly to low yields in older orchards which make up 70 percent of total area planted according to some industry estimates. -
Genetic Analysis of a Major International Collection of Cultivated Apple Varieties Reveals Previously Unknown Historic Heteroploid and Inbred Relationships
Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Open Access Ordidge, M., Kirdwichai, P., Baksh, M. F., Venison, E. P., Gibbings, J. G. and Dunwell, J. M. (2018) Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships. PLoS ONE, 13 (9). e0202405. ISSN 1932-6203 doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78594/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202405 Publisher: Public Library of Science All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships Article Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY) Ordidge, M., Kirdwichai, P., Baksh, M. F., Venison, E. P., Gibbings, J. G. and Dunwell, J. M. (2018) Genetic analysis of a major international collection of cultivated apple varieties reveals previously unknown historic heteroploid and inbred relationships. PLOS ONE, 13 (9).