Evaluate Potential Impacts, Benefits, Impediments, and Solutions of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning on Texas Highway Infrastructure: Technical Report
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TTI: 0-6984 Evaluate Potential Impacts, Benefits, Impediments, and Solutions of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning on Texas Highway Infrastructure: Technical Report Technical Report 0-6984-R1 Cooperative Research Program TEXAS A&M TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Texas Department of Transportation http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6984-R1.pdf Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA/TX-21/0-6984-R1 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date EVALUATE POTENTIAL IMPACTS, BENEFITS, IMPEDIMENTS, Published: October 2020 AND SOLUTIONS OF AUTOMATED TRUCKS AND TRUCK 6. Performing Organization Code PLATOONING ON TEXAS HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE: TECHNICAL REPORT 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Bjorn Birgisson, Curtis A. Morgan, Matthew Yarnold, Jeffery Warner, Report 0-6984-R1 Brianne Glover, Maxwell P. Steadman, Sunkari Srinivasa, Shengxin Cai, and Dahye Lee 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Texas A&M Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. Contract or Grant No. College Station, Texas 77843-3135 Project 0-6984 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report: Research and Technology Implementation Office September 2018–August 2020 125 E. 11th Street 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, Texas 78701-2483 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Project Title: Evaluate Potential Impacts, Benefits, Impediments, and Solutions of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning on Texas Highway Infrastructure URL: http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-6984-R1.pdf 16. Abstract This report presents a study that conducted an assessment of the potential impacts, benefits, and impediments of the introduction of automated trucks and truck platooning on Texas highway infrastructure. The assessment included, but was not limited to, identification or review of the following: (a) any needed infrastructure hardening decisions and potential changes in road and bridge design specifications; (b) impacts on the Texas Freight Mobility Plan and the wider designated Texas Highway Freight Network; (c) impacts on statewide planning/Texas Transportation Plan and on metropolitan planning organization and other local/regional plans; (d) overall impacts on the Texas Department of Transportation planning process; (e) national/state/local-level planning/policy impediments and obstacles; (f) potential need for separate/specialized freight transportation facilities; (g) wider impacts of these new technologies on Texas highway infrastructure via a vulnerability analysis at the asset and network levels; and (h) overall infrastructure costs and benefits associated with the introduction of automated and platoon truck technologies on Texas highway infrastructure. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Autonomous trucks, platoon trucks, freight network, No restrictions. This document is available to the bridges, pavements, vulnerability analysis, graph- public through NTIS: based analysis, economic benefits National Technical Information Service Alexandria, Virginia http://www.ntis.gov 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 258 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized EVALUATE POTENTIAL IMPACTS, BENEFITS, IMPEDIMENTS, AND SOLUTIONS OF AUTOMATED TRUCKS AND TRUCK PLATOONING ON TEXAS HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE: TECHNICAL REPORT by Bjorn Birgisson, P.E. Researcher and Professor Curtis A. Morgan Associate Research Scientist Matthew Yarnold Researcher and Assistant Professor Jeffery Warner Associate Research Scientist Brianne Glover Associate Research Scientist Maxwell P. Steadman Assistant Research Scientist Sunkari Srinivasa Research Engineer Shengxin Cai Graduate Assistant Dahye Lee Graduate Assistant Texas A&M Transportation Institute Report 0-6984-R1 Project 0-6984 Project Title: Evaluate Potential Impacts, Benefits, Impediments, and Solutions of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning on Texas Highway Infrastructure Performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration Published: October 2020 TEXAS A&M TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE College Station, Texas 77843-3135 DISCLAIMER This research was performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of FHWA or TxDOT. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was conducted in cooperation with TxDOT and FHWA. The authors thank Joanne Steele, research project manager at the TxDOT Research and Technology Implementation Division, for her excellent guidance and support on the project, as well as James Kuhr, the previous research project manager. The authors would also like to thank the members of the Project Monitoring Committee: Curtis Rokicki, Casey Wells, Loretta Brown, Chad Dabbs, Natnael Asfaw, and Neil Welch. Their active input and discussions were invaluable in the success of this project. In addition, the authors would like to thank Darran Anderson, Kevin Pete, and Caroline Mays for their excellent input and discussions. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xi List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xv Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Scope of this Report .................................................................................................................... 1 Highlights of Findings ................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 2. Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 5 Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Potential Impacts of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning .................................................. 5 Environmental Impacts ........................................................................................................... 5 Roadway Capacity Impacts ..................................................................................................... 8 Labor Impacts ......................................................................................................................... 9 Driver Training and Commercial Driver’s License Impacts ................................................ 10 Infrastructure and Land Use Impacts .................................................................................... 11 Safety Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 12 Economic Impacts ................................................................................................................. 13 Intermodal Freight Operation ............................................................................................... 14 Potential Impediments of Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning ....................................... 14 Cybersecurity Issues ............................................................................................................. 14 Privacy Issues ........................................................................................................................ 15 Liability ................................................................................................................................. 15 Regulatory ............................................................................................................................. 16 Identification of Trends in Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning Vehicle Technologies .. 17 Base List of Technologies Required for Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning Deployment .................................................................................................................... 17 New Approaches to Automated Trucks and Truck Platooning Technologies ...................... 18 Chapter 3. Online Survey and Telephone Interviews .............................................................. 21 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 21 Survey Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 21 Type 1 Stakeholders—Trucking Fleet Personnel, Owner-Operators, and Industry Associations ..................................................................................................................