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NATIONALISM AND ETHNOSYMBOLISM HISTORY, CULTURE AND ETHNICITY IN THE FORMATION OF

edited by Athena S. Leoussi and Steven Grosby

EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS

Notes on the Contributors v

Introduction i

I Theories of and the Ethnosymbolic Approach i Mapping the Field: Theories of Nationalism and the Ethnosymbolic Approach Daniele Convent 15 i The Ethnic Enigma: Nationalism, Racism and Globalisation John Stone and Polly Rizova 31 3 Warfare, Remembrance and John Hutchinson 42

II Music and Poetry in the Ethnosymbolic Approach 4 Music and Nationalism: Five Historical Moments Jim Samson 55 5 The Sound of England David Martin 68 6 Myth, History and Nationalism: Poetry of the British Isles David Aberbach 84

III Antiquity in the Ethnosymbolic Approach 7 The Successor Territory Steven Grosby 99 8 Ethnosymbolism in the Ancient Mediterranean World Sebastian Garman 113

IV Ethnosymbolism in Eastern Europe and Russia 9 The and the Formation of Modern National Identity in Poland Joanna B. Michlic 129 10 Lev Gumilev and Russian National Identity During and After the Soviet Era MarkBassin 143 iv Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism

11 National Symbols: Ethnicity and Historical Continuity in Post-communist 'New Europe' Athena S. Leoussi 161

V Ethnosymbolism in the Middle East 12 Dilemmas of Middle East Politics John A. Armstrong 189 13 The Muslim Umma and the Formation of Middle Eastern Haim Gerber 209 14 Historical Ethno-symbols in the Emergence of the State of Israel Allon Gal 221

VI Ethnosymbolism in the Far East and India 15 Ethnosymbolism in China and Taiwan Peter Ferdinand 233 16 The Making of a Language of Patriotism in Modern Bengali Sudipta Kaviraj 248

VII Ethnosymbolism in Africa 17 Holy Nigerian Nationalisms Obi Igwara 267 18 Ethnic Demobilisation: The Case of the Afrikaners David Welsh and]. E. Spence 281

VIII Ethnosymbolism in the Americas 19 Women, War and the Confederate Ethnoscape Bruce Cauthen 299 20 Ethnic Origins and : An Approach from Latin America Natividad Gutierrez Chong 312

Epilogue: The Power of Ethnic Traditions in the Modern World Anthony D. Smith 325

Index 337