'od.toto1z7aiu;r-u et4 repuneJeq peqlDsep sI 'snue8 q3rq^\ ^{euB ot pe8uoleqII€ asaqll?\tPue Duaoplq lo sercadspepnlcxa eql ol sJel3?luqtlqlu4s 'ssxl peq(ereua8 orrrl esaql Jo sadfl aqt lou ln q) sor1cutrqloldaTur euopue dp16 wryol@arostrqCtJt peczldf,puaunc selcods ouo l?tllueJ€dde se,'rr 11 1sa:a1ut relnclu?dJo s?^t s?lesd,(c eq1;o ruqueurnpul 'Duaqotxl pue ,(luol?u€ erp pruaar slql ul so selcedspc1d,$-uou oql 3o lueureleld lJeJJoceql uugecseo1 papEpse^u ere.t (I66I) SteqJepuv/l,raas eEellqqduuo aql ul ?Joua8uz11u4sny aq;

'peuSlssearoq o1peau 'EreqropuY ed,(1aq1 ;oS ldacxa seycads ouao1o1x111v lsql luer€dd?sl ll pu€ Jopu€ 7, ,a uoqs WoqJo slueuruor eql urrJuoc ol elqlssodeuoceq s?qll ,pIIE.IlsnVJo urolg,,eql JoJ,ltaDplxl Io l]rnoJ)Ew Sqredard;osseco:deqlq'(pereJJlpllreuueut?q,,irulol€lslouplpoqqSnoqllu)snue8eqlulsolceds Jewo oql uro{ sJolcsJuqc.{uEur ul poJaJJIpselceds ed.{t eql lsqt pu? snoeusSolelaqs?^\ ,llrrlotfl 'equl '( l?ql pol?rlpul oloq^{eql pere^ocl€ql lueull?eJlcprouoxsl s uI 166I) EreqJapuy,{puonbasqnS 'qlueg 'snue8eqt u1 peculd ueeq psq l€ql selcadsraqlo;o selesdfcoql rnorJ lueJoJJIp (llEclpul s€,n ouaololqsoadtler4''t4!reg's.,s!^ouaqolrl;oulesdfc eqlleqlpelou (686I) l"iauoqs'(e?ersrolsv) eEolpqd?ugequ elf Jo sjaqtlletuuuWIsnV u1 selasdfc;o ,{uroluueeql EupsSpse^ulueqA

uollrnpoJlul

'Duldns '7 'osowawot'7'Dlduoc!^alq 'ep?ru l p:uv'o^loclwas ? JoJuosoqc eje sod.{lolce'I 'uosIl[ 'C 'uollEulquoc sr lrud (ItesH) oaoou!^'dsqrlsD^lor'luas DdrDzoDZ clJlcodsqns^{au ouo puB'uosllld'CInEdorlofinuat'dsqnsoq'clwas'TipeqrJcsepslselcodsqns^{eueuo'uosll.lr\'glmd 'uoslr^|C 'd) 'uoslll[ 'C '7 (puos) osotuauot? puE ln€d (.llenl^ ,rtdrs 7 Insd(l]F'te^g) suadns 'uoslrl(\'g '7 'uoqr16'91nu6 '7'uosli[ 'D lrud ( llertlN'd) D^lozryas (rEae]H)Dtac.un\d InEdCCq) saptouaouod'7'uos|A'C ('J() 'rfla\otda|'7'tos\.114C Imd (,IIIld, g'H) l,'sarr3?'uoslld\.C Irud 'pessntslp InBd(llenf{ d),Jd orldarq ? :s,{\olloJsu a.re snuaE neu eqlu1pezpEocer selceds uel eql 'Duaololtq am wryoLqaJostttlJ puv 'sotpu&Uoda7 'Dd.toJolz7 qsFEuusp l8ql sleltsJuqc eqJ, 'd1z "sse1's 1ywn1oqdacosturypu1,(pua.unc selcods o^tt pus oqluttl todaT ur,Pereldselceds eq1;o olrl 'edfl eqlu?ql rorlo "WuegouaDlolqlJiperEld uooq e^?q lErI selsedsel{l epnlcq ol peqFcsurncrlcslll '(1902) :peqlrtseps[ (eEe*relsv :*eq?qd?uD) uoslrl'l^'DllzdDdrorolzT snueE,treuy S09-96S:(g)€I o1s1tn1'1eealpr4deuC aqFl e?ec?Jelsv eq13o snue8 uuSulsnv /t1leu'.'odtDJolv7'uosludO InEd

pB4sqY

'e{uo) 'tol €869 snulsnv uretsa?t ,fta^tlec {alluag A?g pel.o'I 'urnlgql5H 'luoureS?uewpup"I pu€ uolt?^JesuoJJo luauu€daq u€ll€rlsnv ulslsai

'c uoslli& Insd

(, aEellsqdBuc aqlrl aaaJeralsY eql Jo snuaS uBIIEJIsnY .',[eu€ ilncop'1

(rOOZ)909-96rr(e)€trjrr{'lN 596 Nrlffid Vol. 13. No. 3 (2001)

Three independentlines of investigation suggestthat, taken together, is generically distinctfrom all cunently recognizedgenera. Theseare thechromosome numbers (whereknown), the mycorrhizal associations(where known), and the morphology of the involucral bracts,carpels and other organs.

Chromosome number

Thc chromosomen unber of lxiolaena s.,lrr.has not beenrecorded. The fcw chromosomecounts that have been made in the othcr three generaunder considerationsuggest that the base number in Leiocarpa is dilferent ftom that of C&ry.tocephalumand of Leptorhyncho.s(Table l). Leiocarpa appears to have polyploid numbers on a base of x = 10, whereas both Chrysoceplulum ar'd Leptorhlnchos appearto have mostly diploid numberson the baseof x = 12.

Table l. Summaryofchronosome numberrecordsin Chrysoceplnlum, LeiocarpaandLeptorhynchos. Taken from Watanabcet al. (1999) which includesthose published by Turner (1970).

Currentname and recorded name Chromosomenumber

ChrysocephalumaJf. adpressum (W. Fitzg.) Anderb. n=24 C. apiculatum(Labill.) Steetz n=12,c.38 C. semipapposum(Labill.) Steetz n= 12 Chrysocephalumsp. n=12

Leiocarpaleptolepis laslxiolaenachloroleucal n=20 Leioca rpa tonxento sa las I xiol aena tomentosaf n=20 Leiocarpa senicalva fas LePtorhynchosambiSuusl n=c.38,c.40 Leiocarpavtebsteri las lxioLaenaleptoLepisl n = 20,c.21,30

LeptorhynchzsbaiLeyi F. Muell. n= 12 Leptorhynchosscabcr (Benth.) Haegi [as L. medius\ Lepto rhynchos scluanalas(Labill.) Less. l= 12 Leptorhyncho s w4itzi.r Sond.

Mycorrhizal associations

Work by Warcup ( 1990)and McGee ( 1986)on mycorhizal associationsin the Australian Inuleae has shown that while those species of and that were studied (r.e. C. apiculatum (Labill.) Steetz,C, semipapposum(Labill.) Steetz C. pterochaetum F. Muell., HelichrysumramosissimumHook.l=Chrysocephalum sp.\,L. squamatus(Labill.)Less ' a\d'L' wqitzia Sond.) form both ectomycorrhizaland vesicular-arbuscularmyconhizal associations,those species that were examinedthat are hereplaced in Leiocarpa (i e. L. ambigua,L. breviconxpta,L. lePtolepis, and L supina) form only vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza. Warcup observed that mycorrhizal relationship in generalcorrelates with taxonomic relationship,which, if correct, suggeststhat those speciesstudied that are here placed in leiocarpa are geneti.callydistinct from those studiedthat ale placed in the other two genera. The mycorrhizal relationship of lxiolaena virrcosahas not been recorded. 'otsururncE-rceurl '3uolqo Jo leeull stJElq :elsulqJnl ol lertreqdstuoq alJnlo^ul o1 JBeLtrIsau)aZ ',{lloo,$ 'selcunpadaleelot:q f,lasreds:epuelsotut pacnpold ,(lq€IE^ seqxveJq..sqtz4lDluualad

uosllld C Ined CJC) sdapldal DdtD)otal :sndKJ

'seluelsISJed 'eEtEIIeqJsq'etuJoJIIIJ 'sanuet 'eus.radstp Ie^ scrt?ourl eelastddr4 unsolnpuelS asruds1a,'r utn,leel 'runtEuls 'uneuISEJIlJuJ s?neurl eulnlleo .ralur suscnlsuBJtaeleulq oulnllec unldl€Juod il?]elsoc 'erJlsoJe'esseJduoJ t-Z Jolr,^slIeA uDa.Ialqns ulueuqcv IlEpunlol lo^ ll€Junlt arrde t1,{t5 :clcpner op1p,l alncsnlBuoleraqtuy otulnuudurt;cIe^ otsulqlnl etsnBuuotullduru oqurtl'eepl,nug enbrunrold 'slsollt?Js 'o€solnqnt '(srcurueJ snqlJou uI oPplJ-t-€) 3I]pIJ-9seJuln8aj eEIIoloJ snqDuelpe]uou 'sreunJq 'sr,lwd 'eracuur8ulnJBl 'sueJeqreq'oesouEJs 'eElEulttlncl?-u[eull oprllEd srulrue1 lo^ lo,\ 'eutpcuqrur'oelsuaslllnul seJ€oull eE313eJq:lunl1?uIqJnl I3^ ulncuenqdsuteqrunrcnlo^uI sol€nxeslq 'ulelncunped oJsrp ur snrlJes-l roulural nllque ut snquog rultSoreleq Ie^'eeptocslp le eureSoutoq 'e8uolqo uruolnurursoJrdu pu €lnlldeJ er8elut Ia^ cI.IEeuIIBIIod sll€ucIslureJ stuuared eqrc11

'doa r./23'uoslrlyD Intrd €dreJola'I

^luouoxel IBrxJoJ

'ZI = x Joqunu -olca auosorlro:q3 luzrq:roc,{ur.mlncsnqrl:-JelnJIse^pue arc stuuldaql lualsts:adere sepst rq snddcd eq; roddn eqt sdol-ro^ollat ro,tolaql qcrqr,rur eullrdedpelleJ-o,lrrl sutl puc aullEfq sl drrruad aql pus 'olullIc po{eoq Jo lunlq olu salesd,{ceqtr poqJurtq pue etuctlopoJP sllul laqluu eqJ setunautospue 'soqJu(4rold:"1 curlufq'cgdryloo1 3uo1qo o.ru pur eutooJolsot[Jlsoual n o^eqslce]q luranlo^u aql

'01 = x laqunu otllosoulolqJ ',{1uo 1ezrq.r.ror,{ur:rlncsnqru-Jl]lncrse^e:es1ueldeql Juelstsrede:u sellsuq snddtd eq1 ^\oI^oJP,Jlns 't1esd,(c ur uaeseJe tsql s,^\opur,trcelc Jlrcurloq1 o1 puodser:oc ,{1qnqo:d s11er ctueSox,(ru asaql oqt Jo uonaososro^su[Jl ur 1ue:cddue:e 1rq1s11cr ctuaSoxfru perted;o acueserd aql pelou(686I) 1r l, uoqs sllor ^\cJ ol auo lo sluour8e.grneurl olut seyerBclutstpd:ecued eqt ctnlrur ueq,t :punolS{auq 'qloours luecnlsuer1cql olur las s,ropur,r\t€elo Jneutl,{uutu 3o aruc.madde3q1 scq pun pue sno:qe18 'snourBulruncsr d:ecuedeql puupelreq tou aruselesd,(c eql 3uo1pue u:t3 eresltel JoqluD oqI eleITIJ 'o}eluep -,{lloo,$lo elclecEl ol atllue elEpuE otuoetels eleJlsoucJ treA€q slcclq IEJJnlo,tu aql ndtocotaT

'peproceJ

tou aru requrnu auosotuorqJ aql pue uorlDtcossf,Iezrqroafru Jo urJoJeqJ aloq,{\e se snonpltap sr snddudeql s.rrEqur,{\] Jepuels qll\\ pldi-lq erP sulesd,{ccqtr s[l?l pepl^Ip o]Ball€pe^cq sjeqlue 'ulql oql snoacEq.rcqpuD ll?3ull oJepuE euroelels popl^Ipun uDa^Eq slJE.Iq lejtnlo1'ut eql DuaDlotrl

'zl - x lequnu -olce 'snonplJep eulosouroJqJ IEZrr{uoafu lDInrsnqlE-lelnstsc^pus sre s1uu1deq1 ,{lFnpI^IpuI el€ sopsrrqsndded eq1 reddn eql sdol-re,rollet Je,lloleql qJIq,^ ut aulltdudpalac-o,r,r; q1t,t eul1e,{qst drecr:edeqtpuv paleaqtou e.rc selosd{req1 Suolpue uugerc slrclleqlueJql rrltrgtls snonrtdsuo: 'dreded 'umpqdacostLtlS qtr,nr puelueutruord eru pue euroeJsls J)trJlseueJt enEq s]cuJq leJtnlo^ul e'q1

elep a,l1lurudruo3

'uosll/\A 169 snua3 usrl?tsnv Meu E'DdrDrolal c lnEd Nu)tsi., Vol. 13, No. 3 (2001) scarious,herbaceous or cartilaginous,with anarrow scariousmargin; stereomefenestratel lamina pale brown, scarious,not radiating. Receptaclenaked, convex or conical. ,Florcls bisexual or the outer female; corolla tube slenderbelow, narrowly turbinateto campanulateabove, shortly exceedingthe bracts,usually yellow; lobes5 (3 or 4 in female),smooth withifl. Anther tails lorgandfirm. Styleapex truncate to rounded. Cypselasterete or somewhatcompressed, 2-4-ribbed, not beaked; pericarp cartilaginous, striatc, with scatteredpaired linear transparentcells among linear translucentcells, smoothor sparselyglandular and with a fcw minuteunicellula rhalrs. Pctppus bri,stleslinear to liliform, barbellate,persistent.

An Australianendemic of ten species.

Etytnology. The genericname is derived from the Greek words - leior smooth and co4pos- fruit; it refers to the smooth cypselasthat are typical of this genus.

Nole.r, The pericarphas the appearanceofcontaining many linear clearwindows setinto a translucent background. When mature, the pericarp disintegratesinto linear (and presumably one-celled) fiagments. Details of thesecclls in transverscsection are given by Short et al. (1989).

Unlike other membersof the genus,the corolla lobes of Ixiolaenctsupina are slightly papillose within and the anther tails are weak and slightly branched.

Key to species of Leiocarpa

I Erectplant, variably cottony or woolly; leavesmostly linear to oblong 2 Claw of involucralbracts narrowly linear (or narrowlyoblong in innerbracts), almost equal in lengthin outerand innerbracts 3 Laminaof innet involucralbracts broadly ovate; pappus bristles alnost equalto corolla;older branches covered with a dense woolly indumentumthat forms a silveryshecn . ... . 1' L.leptolepis 3: Lamina of inner involucral bracts slender-attenuate;pappus bdstles c. 213length of corolla;older branches cottony or glabrous...... 2. L' breYicompta 2: Claw of involucral bractslinear to narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate, markcdly shorter on outer than on inner bracts 4 Involucral bracts glabrous or minutely glandular-puberulous, cartilaginous...... 3. L. websteri 4: Involucral bracts variably cottony, scadousto herbaceousor cartilaginous 5 Involucre 5 l0 mm high; pappusbristles c. 20 or fewer 6 Involucre campanulate;bracts scarious and wrinkled, with a slender, acuminate,curled |amina...... 6. L. gatesii 6: Involucre turbinate to hemispherical;bracts herbaceous or cartilaginous at least in lower half, with a blunt to acuminateflat lamina 7 Involucral bractswith upper half scariousand wrinkled, pale brown; femaleflorets without pappus...... 8. L. semicalYa ?: Involucral bncts cartilaginousor with a short scarioustip, not wrinkled, pale green:female florets with pappus 'saplN rEIIs.qsnV 'uounqy$lQ IInoS aeN Puupu€lsueenb qlnos u punod

'(gNyJ) 'qlno'I W99aroow ?'1,1J) J?au:SATVA HInOS 41,!IN '(SNVC) 'qepu,(ug 0t9Z saaol 14 :CNY'ISNAA|IO '(A9 'e'7'urDC 'pautwDxa paualag EZZTsuDllltl ecl.,'\oH:YI'IVdJSOY ]F,Jf,IOS suawpads '(g0z89t '.Pe]uu?\sep ' 'IAIN A\SN :opaps! ereq 6tZI LZ :oJral) '(8981)€9:I rananly'C'srr/ o1{Bod 'pu?[suean} ;adQ ru8ug'1en141g aldwoclrctqouao1o1x1

'^ou qraoz'uoslll{'O lnBd( llenl { g) ?1duor1,rarqed.rurolal'7

'ya$qa$ 'eurBulen?[ eql Jopunelou OesuoIlDIrrJoJuI JequnJ Jod 7 ol peneJ€tt os puat?rljpopnlcur [s $a1o1da1ouao\o1x1sP] selcods snl Jo(1981) rusqlueq ,tq uondgcsrunurc aq; 'ptrq,(q e^pelndaql puu stdr Tolda\'7'yalsqau'TJo suoluodJo slslsuoc'selEi[ qlnos ^{eN'd€0 sjol,,!\oJ tr.Io{ 'gnz '7'A 'S'898r€02 'splrq.{q sqozot laf'l t""qs aldu€xerod dlqeurnserdors eseqJ selcodso,rrl eqluoa,rleq f8oloqd:our ul elerparuralulem leql rntco slueldyalsqauTqlla 8ul,iroJ8uaqid saroN

'€lJolcl^ uelse/r\-rluouJ?J pus sol8i[ ttrlnos,{roN u.lolse,{\ 'puBlsueenb 'uoynqytslQ uelse/{-qlnos'{JolIJleJ, uequoN ew'ullEJlsnvqlnos uJelseapw plual uI punog

'(gNVC) 'uoBBlS 0€Zzsarrrrlt1 d rlnqqoJ :Sq'Md. HInOS /\[gN '(SNVJ) 'r] sdfllf{d ? yt1'2961'dagtr7'olnaJo g [uDISt salltx8Z:qNV'ISNqfnO '([NVJ) 'uopsls :VI'IYUJSnV E ,uowprg ? d uo].{ulC '(rrNvc.)HIOOS 'paulwoxa 916ss?puDzal W'uollels lllrxcnH :IUOIIUUqJ NUSHJUON suawlxadspatoaPs '(t0Iz9I0 HIUgd "osr 'g '8161 'EIIErlsnV 's4oouspuv '.WnEVgL6qy :ototD u%otg lequreldes IZ qlnos .?d,(J '(986I) 'upo 'ld 'ue{leoJ '4'1 I99I qtt ullErsnv qlnos d'g 4 dossel a1tgazllocna|otorlc ouaoplxl

'(X rosl 'V' :ueesaqcrJ'JC-C : opq) 96 wollSuluun) LI}l,{lnf ZZ'selsldqlnos .{\eN're^lu uulqc?'I'sul?ld 'Ug8:D ' - '(gpg1) safiol ;adtrJ L69:€'l€.usnv Id qluag ('Jo.) sdapldal ouao\orxl I LI :E3un|!az 'po:d "3q 1ag "drg-zqnqcg(:,e) sldapdal unrpUdoug-'(888D t61 :9 srdalofial wnstuLlcqaq

'^ou'qwoc'uosl\L|C '1 InBd( f,() sldalotdaledrerolal

'g1" 'f:eded suadras1 no1eqs:pq .{uopocpuu spuep re1nqol3 allsses-qns qlt.n se,real :6 '/t\oleq euldns'1'6 """" alnsJlq',{qsegso^€J-I 6 els^oqose^uel luuld snol$ Suq,turdg :1 """""" 't u1as1.rnld1'9 0t sellsuqsndded :q3 { uru gl-ZI er.nlo^ul :9 saplollaeuud'1 '1, ' snolnreqnd,(1as:eds fraa z1esd,(t:Pcyeqds1lel{ eronlo^ul :8 'eleulqr$ Bsoluauol'1't sno:qe13ulasdfc arcnlo^ul 8

'odrDco!"1 'uoslliA 'C 669 snue8 sElpDsnv il'e|d e InBd 600 Nr./)bd Vol. 13, No. 3 (2001)

"In Typification. Mueller cited the type locality as planitiebusbasalticis a tactu Peak Range usque ad prata Darling's Downs". A field label attachedto the lectotype chosenhere has on it in pencil "'llBetw Dawson et Buruclt [?] / Basaltplains". A sheetlabel has written on it, apparently in Mueller's handwriting:"Ixiolaena brevicomptaFerdMtrell.I a.glabra/PeakDowns / ferd Muel1er". Mueller describedthe root and flowers, which are not presenton this specimen,so presumablythere is, or was, further syntypematerial that has not been seen.

3. Leiocarpa websteri (S. Moore) PaulC. V,/tlson,comb. nov.

Ixiolaenawebsteri S. Moore, J. Bot.4l:98 (1903). Iy2e; Coolgardiedistrict, Western Australia, L.C. Webster(holo: BM, photo seen).

lxiolaena tomentosq var. glabrata Sond.,Linnaea 25: 504 (1853). Type: Crystall-brook lcrystal Brookl, South Australia, October 1851,F. Mueller (lecto: MEL 27l160 p.p/e., here designated).

Selectedspecimens exanlned. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: l5 km N of Kalgoorlie,R.J. Cranfield98l3 (PERTH). NORTHERN TERRITORY: 32 miles [c. 5l km] N of Alice Springs,D.J. Nelson2144 (HO). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Cariewerloo,1LR. Toelken7298(HO). NEW SOUTHWALES: NangaraHomestead, L. H ae 8i2136 (PERTH). VICTORIA: 38 km NW ofUnderbool, A.C. BeaueLehoLe40467 (MEL).

Distribution. Found in all mainland statesand territories.

Typifcation. The nane lxiolqeno tomentosavar. Slabrata Sond. is basedon a collection made by Muellerat Crystal Brook. The type sheet, MEL 271160, has two labelsin Mueller'shandwriting which "Crystal-brook". bearthe \ame"Leptorrhynchus tomentelluslvar.l glabratus" andthe locality There are two specimenson the sheet,the left-hand specimenhas elliptic involucral bractswith prominent brown appendages;the right-hand specimen has narrowly oblonginvolucral bractsalso with prominent brown appendages.I am lectotypifying on the left-hand specimen.

Bentham ( t 867) included lxiolaena tomentosavar. glabrata in L leptolepis along with material here referred to L websteri. His circumscription was acceptedby botanists until Haegi (1986) recognizedthat theelement with denselywoolly brancheswas specifically distinctfrom the remainder. Haegi thereforedes cribed Ixiolaena chlorole uca,b\rt the lype of this taxon unfortunatelycorresponds to the type of I leptolepis which Haegi had not seen.

"more Haegi (1986) indicatedthat this specieswas very variable and that intensive examination may bring to light variants wofihy of taxonomic recognition". I endone thesecomments but I have not been able to circumscribeclearly definable taxa within the l. weDsrericompiex.

Nole. Very similar to L. panaetioidesbut this specieshas smallerheads and its involucral bractsare obviously woolly. In New South Wales the two speciesappear to intergrade.

4. Leiocarpa tomentosa (Sond.)Paul G.Wrlson, comb.nov.

Ixiolaena tomentosaSond. & F. Muell. ex Sottd.,Linnaea 25: 504 (1853). - sonderi F. Muell.,l Bot. (Hooker) 4:121 (1866) nom. illeg. Type: Cudnaka[= l(nnyspa], South Australia, F. Mueller (lecto: MEL 727558, here designated). 'eesay8uypuu eu:o'I use^rlaqeuolcr1;o uor8e:de,rug aql ur punod 'uounqutsl1

'(gNyJ) 't86I 'uasal8uv 'paulwDxa 10 ta old T S: ,4lnlg Jol( :YIUOLJIL uawDadspatraps

'(gtl 'IAI '12'V'IZ6I I6SI I :oloq)sap) requecec/'uuotcr L'euro'I:adtJ (LS6l)OOZ:ELts\otnpNuoltoicl\'sqlti[H I( l[i[ g H) l?.ralD3 soqrutryotdaT-(ZZ6l) g qqtZSE'Z JesDuotrl\ ros'[oU 2ord "llrl!\'g'Hlrsal,8wnstttlcqaH

'^ou '9 qwor'uosltl]d' C lnt?d('ll!y't|S H) llsalB8 Bdre)ole.I

'sepsuqsnddud snoJeunu eJou qlr,\\ sre,\\og :a3:n1puu ulntrduc:e8ru1 Sur,req ur sro;1lpll rlJnl^\ woJJosotuawot Z ol Jrlrurs sr seneds srql

'slaJoU 'sloJou lDnxosrq^loJr)uo lsorul€ o^pq sJaqloalrq,r IenxesrqpuE alBrueJ 'sleJou ',{1uo Jo eJntx(u e e Eq etuos eluuel tsourltt:o',(1uo qtrarulnlrdec a,,ruq s1ue1d aruog satop

'uor8ed ,{DrnN eql ur uuBJoWJeou ocuolrnr3o polelosrue q1r,trspuelsr luecufpu eq1 puc tlnsuruo4 er,4gol spJU,trtsueIlluJlsny qtnog ur lq8rg eqlJo pDeHaql Jeous JIJJO 'uounqulsl(]

'(601010 SNVJ) r4ntqd A W'preno^e\I 'puEISl 'pauttuDxa :(SNVJ) Z6Z arpl,l N uollrscw :VI'IIV- JSnV HInOS suarurradspapaps

'Gtvzvz86 'ell€rlsnv 'JIelcuIS av :opq) tgtlz lalqrta rl qlnos lulod Jo quou se{EIaql uee,treq rua{leoJ :adtJ @86l)2991'upe qlttrrlurlsnV qlnos IC d Hrydossel 4 l rirrSeuHDpsunN DuaDpHI

'^ou q]|'/or'uoslrll' C Ined (r3aeH)elaslJnld edrBrola.I.g

'f3o1oqd:our ur elurpour.roluroq ol reoddeelnsutuo6 er,{g utorJ suoDcallorauros puu rualc s,{e,r,ilElou sr o,rt eql uae^\toquollJupslp eqJ 'stcrjq IDJJnlo,\ur,{uolloa-uou Sur.leq ur pur'trlnlrdDc(etuurqrnl lou) Ivaucqdsrurcqtuq,rorllos pue pun rollnurs Sur,tcq,{p:eue8 ur s:e;1rpqx:r'lt ua$qaa T qtl,r pesnJuocueeq scq sarcadssrql ayo,rg

'osoluawol DuaDlolrl Jo trorldrrosepIEurBuo eqt qll^\ seorSuI :,,eluupnJ,, ,{trTEf,oleqt pue l'clsf sn\auauoj sn4cu{tlttotdal eruuu oql Sunu,rpueq s.Jellenr\iur slueq a^oqr pelrc ed,{lolce1eql [E]u,{uu) =l 'ttotlDtyltd{l ,,0ryupnO,, puu ,.qn:cs-,{u::n1iq,,scrlrlEaol 3uqce11ocJellenl eql polra JepuoS

'erJotf,r^urelse,\\ puu'sale^\ qlnos,reN ur3lse,rd'r?rlullsnv qlnos ^loluJeJ uroqtJoNureqtnos 'crTuJtsnv lrla)sal& (uetsEeJo sEeJe prju-tues urpunoc'uounqtJtslQ

'(SNVJ) 'elEtS 2669drl./J O /{ Jo.reuroc tse,\\-quouJo Sru{ Z'ro^rd,{e.unlI :VIdOIJI^ '(gNv)) 'llrH gLzrawlDdT ua{o.rgJoAS ur{ 9t :SS.IV,^NHInOS,4 .!IN '(SNVJ) .d',e^resed [Z/g Zroaar?Jf ]ro^rased,{quqslcN:VI-IVUJSnV HJnOS .(AV) .X ,1apq3 tL86zjD.I ;r euquetua5:IUOJIUUaI NdIIHJUON'(Hruad) '{eerJ.repM:VI.IVUISnV 'paulwDra lg6EaS.toat SV'no nq:rl6 NUEISA,4A. suawDadspaqalaS

'.uoslrrlA snua8 uBrlgjtsnv Meu t't1tfuo.otv7 C Inrd 602 N,{)trid Vol. 13, No. 3 (2001)

"fire Nore. This speciesis a ephemeral"(Gill 1993)and is apparentlyabsent for long pedodsbetween fires. It was rediscovered,when thought to be extinct, by Mary White in 1984,after the bushfiresof 1983(see White 1984).

7. Leiocarpa panaetioides (DC.) Paul G.'l'lllson, comb.nov.

Helichtlstrm panaetioidesDC., Prod.6: 194 (1838): Gnaphaliun ponQetioides(DC ) Schultz-Bip., Bot. Zeitung 3: l'7| (1845). - Leptorhfnchospanaetioides (DC.) Benth , Fl. Austral. 3: 609 ( 1867). Typerwetplains ofLachlan River, New SouthWales,May 1817,A. Cunningham94(holo; G-DC, fiche seen:lso. K).

Selectedspecimens examine(I. QUEENSLAND: Gilruth Plains Station, l5 Apr. 1967, R. BQrker (CANB). NEW SOUTH WALES: 20 miles [c. 32 km] W of Hay, R. Schodde4197 (CANB); 9 miles [c. 14 km] N ofForbes, 26 Apr. 1965,B. Whitehead(CANB). VICTORIA: Benjeroop StateForest, A.C. BeaugLehole83163 (CANB)'

Distribution. Found in south-easternQueensland, New South Wales, and Victoria.

Notes. This speciesis very similar to Leiocarpa websteriwhich typically has leavesthat are broader thanthose ofL pa,raetiordeswhile its involucral bracts are glandularpuberulous (not woolly) and more rigid, however, the two taxa grade into each other and many specimensthat belong to this complex cannotbe confidentlyplaced with eitherspecies.

8. Leiocarpa semicalva (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson, cornb.nov

Helichrysumsemicalvum F. Muell., Fragm.2: 156(1861). - Leptorhynchosambiguus Benth. var. semicalvus(F.Muell.) Benth.,Fl.Austral.3: 609 ( 1867)comb. ilLeg - ChrysocephaLumsemicalvum (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wllson, MuelleriaT:520 (1992). Typecitation: In rupibus tractusBarrier Range, Beckler;in montibusMcDonnell Ranges Austaliae centralis, J.M. Stuart.7y2e; Macdonnell Range, INorthern Territoryl, J.M. Stuart, (lecto: MEL 108093,here designated).

Typirtcafion.I have seenonly theJ.M. Stuafi syntypeof HeLichrysumsemlcalvum; this hasleaves that areentire, revolute on themargins. woolly beneathand prominently scabridwith gtandularhispidhairs above,the femaleflorets areepappose.In his original description,Mueller describesthe femaleflorets as having no, one, or few pappusbristles, whereasin material I have examined of this species,as lectotypifiedhere, the femaleflorets arewithout bristles,therefore it is possiblethat the other syntype representsa different taxon.

8a. Leiocarpa semicalva (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson subsp.semicalva

HelichrysumambiguumTvcz.,Bull.Soc.Imp. Naturalistes Moscou24(I):195 (1851),nom illeg.'non (Ray) Presl (1826).- LeptorhynchosamblSaus Benth., Fl. Austral. 3: 609 (1867).- Chrysocephalum ombiguum(Bgnth) Anderb.,Opera Bot 104: 119 (1991). Type:Nova hollandia lwestem Australia], J. Drummond 3rd coll. n. 121 (,ryn:MEL 108096)and 4th coll. n. 220 (syr: MEL 108098). '('^'u'AV '8961 :opq) 6LlLl Dt421g tH 'ell€rsnv 'pE?lselxoH r '1rg euur{ur'tootuy Jequeldes eI qlnos IJ?d pJeJe^gJo lse^\-qlnosuDl97 unlDld ostuIl) :adq (266D OZg:LDlp anN lroqs Sd (r?"eH) wnarPul^'dsqns wntloctwas 'tBae11 'dsqns anstlq?lPH - (936I) g€gl :g tu.usnv qlnos IC wnacoul,r zcrnl annSlqwp

'^ou 'qwoc 'uoslrqr '9 'dsqns 'J8 InEd (I8e?H) eaJeul,L e,rlerluras EdleJola'I

'uoxpl fuolloc puu :t1npuu18 srqlJo tusu€.t u:aqlnosv tueserdoJFtlu lI :suels puEsa,tuel eql uo srrcq 'dsqns (tS8O09'lgl solul6 qlnos ',treN qtoq ;o acuesa:der1 :o; :o; ldecxa oqofinual qll.t saal8e J) '.,ll?qoJ pu€ e{Jnog uae,^d}eq,,luou uoDceloc y ."ro1aq.(uollocpus e^oqEluacse:qe18 puu qloorus eJeqJrq,^\ se^pel ffauIT '3uo1Sur,tuq ul D^lzJluas dsqnsruor; sJeJIp ollotmual setcadsqng saloltur

'sercedsqnssrqt Jo sa^rol rapuels eqt ol 'tSolow(lg ecuereJerqlr,r\ 'Jsel - wry1o! pue rcpuelssrfl?a, - uue'I aql uo{ pe^uep sl leqlda erlj-

'suleol 'uoll ^pups ur puDIpoo,r DIcDJV-snd(.pon4 ut Sutuncco :puelsueenolsue-qlnos u punoJ quls!Q

'(lUB) glCV roJ-irpuz5 7 c:.tt:8ucg rlEqlnquv 'at€^Dpv 'sallhtr 'e8ueu :0Ug) Jo g uI 0S :(IUS) YSgOZd plo{tDH O Jo g ur{ 6 ElEqlsqurv 6 ttE '7'S'eleleJ.(ldg) '? 'etouelg 'pautwoxa $Ua^A L, Ll tsuatg S :dNV.lSNAAnO suaLuttadspaltala5

'elellsqrq 'EIIo]oJ 'xede te rs8uol sqruqeql '8uol o1 pnbe lsourp',4rcllrd?J'snorounu sapsuq snddo4 qloours ullu S l , rJasdf, sno:qt18 'a^oqE '3uol lSOullu e]€lnuuduec,{1,^lorreu ulru I , slloJoJ:snoraunu sla;o;rflalraslg luesqusndded '{Eo,{\ :elloJocJapuels qlr/ elrJneJsploL[ raflO Bulrutl snoIJEOselPJac€l lcq^\aruos puE elEululns€ 'pe.Inolot-,t\Ej]s 'IIIooA\ puu ,^dEIJsnoaceqjeq qll^\ Jeuuleqt puPsnouecs ,41o8re1:a1no aql lEq.,|letuos ':eeu11 'a1u:es o1 8uo1qo,(1,,rorreu t , slc€Jq:qBIq ruu 9 I'por:aqdsrureq alcnp^ul selcunped 'splt,1.\dn '3uo1 Jepuolsot l€uruJal o7n7tdo2 xolaq luoltoJ'a^oql? luecsalqElS Sulqstutrulp ruc 9 I 'alnlolal surSrcur'eluuIurncu-lrauIl lzrlra? FIIoo,t'Japuelssaral5 q8rqruc ATollotuualad l:eJg

'(tEg6Eg 'puElsueeno'uollEls IUg :oloLl)0gLZ tslra^E 7 S'Ln6I qrlDl 0Z utrul€og . srd(J

'srurd,{ssoBe:;ut 'snqquacserqelSerdns snqlnb e 'snqtnuatsr8uol strlo; pagrp o,riuclaas dsqns qe coeqsatcedsqnS

'(986I '1 'ds ) Zfg :ZpuDlsueeno uJals€a-qtnos IC'ssou y{AT,{eluels d J ouao|otxl

'^o, drqr.s'uoslrld C Inud BlloJlnual dsqnse,rlurluras edJBJola'I'q8

'erltrJlsnvpuE-rrues pu? pLlE uI pBs.Ioseprl!|^uounqlrlstQ

'(SNVC) 'ErrnqooqlJ 9E8Iauq l{ y spr?,tolIIIH ue{o.IgtuoJJ ur-{ Si :Sg-IVr\dHInOS l\\gN '(gytry:) 'uopElS trouutqS C opuBIIqIg:VI.IVUISnV HInOS '(SNVC) I8tZafprr4',11y'dug.{qng :IUOI11USJN;EHIUON .(IINVJ) 'J '896I 'atlrd uosmqoy V uE[6I uroJ :VI]VUIS1V NUg ;,s11ypaulwDxasuawlrads palzaPs

'Ddrorola1 'uosluA snua8 uEnEllsnv r'|.eue C In"d

I ly'r)rria vol. 13, No. 3 (2001)

Distribution. Found in the far north of South Australia.

Notes. This subspecieswas describedlrom a collectedin the far north of South Austlalia Much of the materiatofL semic alve collectedin the mountainranges ofthe southempoltion ofthe Northem Territory and in the Rawlinson Range distdct of westem Ausfalia agreeswith the brief original description of subsp,vinacea except for the brancheswhich do not have the vinacaouscololation mentionedby Haegi.

9. Leiocarpa supina (F. Muelt.) Paul G .Wilson, comb.nov.

Ix.iolaenasupinaF.Muell.,Trans.Proc.victorianlnst. Adv. Scl.37(1855). ?)pe. Insulahalmatulorum fKangaroo Island], South Australia, F. Mueller (lecto: MEL 271180,here designated).

seLectedspecimens examined. souTH AUSTRALIA: FlindersChase Conservation Park, Kangaloo lsland, L. Haegi2304 (CANB). TASMANIA: Dover Island,J S Mlnrav I I 10 (CANB); Deal Island,"/ S Whinrav 1243(CANB)'

Distribution. This speciesoccurs on the southcoast and off-shore islandsof South Austlalia, and on the islandsof Bass Strait,Tasmania

"Amongst TypiJication. Mueller gave the following locality and habitatdetails for the species: rocks on the south coast of Kangaroo Island". The lectotype bears a label with a note in Mueller's ,,lnter handwriting: rupus litoris australisarenosi insulae halmaturorum promineus, frequens".

Note. Leiocarpa supina yariesconsiderably in morphology between the disjunct localities both in the size of the capitula and in their indumentum,but thele is no clear suggestionof separationinto distinct speciesor subsPecies.

L0, Leiocarpa serpens (Everett) Paul G.Wilson, comb.nov.

chrysocephalumserpens Everett, Telopea 8:31 I f. I (1999). 71,perCanae StateForest, New South Wates,7 December 1.98'7, J. Everett 1014& D Binns (holo: NSW, n.v.).

selectedspecimen erarnined. NEW SOUTH WALES:Hillglove Golge, G.L. Davls (NSW470087).

Distribution. Foundinthe coastallangesofNew SouthWales north ofTaree whereglowing on skeletal soils of metamorphosedsedementary rock (fide Everett op. cit.)

Nole. This speciesdiffers from other membersof the genusin having a conic, not convex, receptacle.

Acknowledgements

phil short (DNA) kindly provided commentson a draft of this paper and information conceming some species. Support for this project was provided by the Australian Biological ResourcesStudy. 'e€-Af il|,sltotntoN 3uot.2g 'q 'al$Af nra1o3 sorlcu&1Jo1rla|10 /fue^ocslp.I :elYN {rl{seq r u! punoJ sl lculxe .q ol lqEnoql $!ld V (t861) y{ '208-I8' '(a!'ecet.,,sv) i|l (uotog ruouats(S uollo4snv ercoqcnld pus aBollBqdsug uEIIr$snV aQ u! s.d,{lo,tEl PUB 'e8nso} 'oll "N 'lqlluo)I 'I rspuoq I 'uoqs "t '0q8us$A{ suollBuluuaapJdIunu ouosorrorqJ (6661) :{ pus ,{ S'd 'LBl-6Ll '@Ee.E 'H 'dncr8A tL 4uen nN e$V) oa.Ful usllBrNnv Jo suolslcors! I84qJro.,(ur oql (0661) I '68€-28€:LS 's.!..ds 'eslsoduroJ tuotog Io puiot rN4JauV urlF$rnv trX eql q $oqurnu ouosouorqC (016I) q'l.ufiI .6L-L9 ,.L blrelanw .(eqFoduoJ) 'uoUEN 'g'I 'uosllA\ "S 'uoqs eselnul e$ Jo sr..luroru usIrJNnV Jo {uloleus lln{ .ql uo sepN (68et) f ? d '(986I) S6S-989:t€ '/Olunuuoc 'oeocw luotog lo pwnol uallrlrcry plrBlues B ul soJcedrtu"ld Jo suopalcolss l"zq!oc,{y,[ (986I) d (.EPFIEPV '65SI-S95I '€SSI-0'SI '8€SI-SzSl 'upo xetuFd lueuula og) dd'€ lo^ q$ .. BllBrsnv qmos Jo erotJ,, 'ucD 'd'I 'dossef 'ssq7 "I Cpo) X'H ooJ T :q ro\eu(Irotd4 e 'qn.aagouaoplxt "ell$N tunstuqclpH (986I) lAerH ('eunoqtew "ia\vl) 'g?Z-LlZ'dd 'l 'lo^ 'qsp,,t\ 'g 'u8rueJoJ 'Ug ..'E!.rolcr^Jo srold,, (spe) O N T C rrl arg ql$ srou s.BFol.lA Jo Iel&.ul (€66I) hI V 'T) 'IoA 'ur€$ueg Cuopuo't : oC T e,ueu € i'EsueIIBDsnVuold,, (r98I) D .E6I-I '(eueceJersV) '(166I) 'V 'Sreqepuv i,tll o.luojo& orado eee{eqdBuo eqlll eqt Jo ,(u.tol,{qd pus ,turouoxEl V

sf;rruoJaJau

'uosll^|C snue8 uprls|qsnv r ev a'bdrdtolrl FBd