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Workshop Report International Workshop on Vultures & Veterinary Drugs 19th & 20th of February, 2019 – Dadia, Greece Bulgaria Workshop Report March, 2019 Organized by: Vulture Conservation Foundation (VCF) WWF Greece Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park Bulgarian Society for Protection of Birds – BSPB Project: “Conservation of Griffon and Black Vultures in the Cross-border Rhodopes Mountains” RE-Vultures LIFE14 NAT/NL/000901 Action E13: Organization of International workshop om threats posed by NSAIDs/Antibiotics ​ Date and place of the Workshop: th th February 19 ​ & 20 ​ 2019 – Visitors Center Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park, Greece ​ ​ Photos used in the report provided by: VCF & WWF Greece Workshop Report prepared by: Jovan Andevski, Louis Phipps and José Tavares - Vulture Conservation Foundation, VCF 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction 4 Background 4 Workshop objectives 5 Target audience 5 Workshop venue and logistics 5 Workshop participants 5 Workshop Agenda 7 Opening Ceremony 7 Session I – Background and Context 8 Session II – National Screening Programmes 10 Session III – Actions and Results from LIFE and Other Projects 13 Conclusions Day 1 17 Necropsy training 19 Field visit to Dadia 21 Cultural activities 22 ANNEXES Annex I: Workshop Agenda Annex II: Vulture conservation activities in Thrace, NE Greece Annex III: Taking up the baton of vulture monitoring and conservation in the Dadia National Park and adjacent SPAs Annex IV: literature review on known impacts of vet medicines and vultures Annex V: Diclofenac in Europe. Where are we? Annex VI: Toxicity to vultures from veterinary drugs used in farm animals, the overview from France Annex VII: The use of veterinary drugs and their potential toxicity to vultures and avian scavengers in Spain, an update from research projects Annex VIII: The situation in Bulgaria Annex IX: The situation in Greece Annex X: Screening vet medicines within LIFE Re-Vultures Annex XI: Screening vet medicines within Vultures Back To Life Annex XII: Screening vet medicines within Life Return of the Neophron and New Egyptian Vulture Life Annex XIII: Screening vet medicines within LIFE Under Griffon Vulture Wings – Sardinia Annex XIV: Screening vet medicines within LIFE Rupis Annex XV: European Raptor Biomonitoring – Sampling Protocols Annex XVI: Baseline methodology and recommendations for development of research projects for the screening of veterinary drug residues in avian scavengers 4 Annex XVII: Conclusions Day 1 Annex XVII: Workshop notes Annex XIX: Autopsy Report Black Vulture 5 Introduction This Workshop is organized within the Life Project: RE-Vultures (LIFE14 NAT/NL/000901), ​ ​ Action E13 by the Vulture Conservation Foundation, VCF in close collaboration with WWF ​ ​ Greece, and the rest of the project partners. ​ Background The negative impact of toxic products and contaminants (wildlife poisoning) is the main threat facing the conservation of vultures and other scavenger species all over the world, but this is a complex issue. The VCF and its partners are working through various projects on fighting the illegal and direct poisoning of wildlife. But others form of secondary poisoning also occur, notably through veterinary products used to treat livestock and domestic animals. There is ample evidence that contaminants and products such as NSAIDs (Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs), antibiotics, antiparasitics and anthelmintics, euthanasia drugs, esp. barbiturates represent an increasingly serious threat to the health of vultures and other scavenger species that feed on domestic animals. Veterinary diclofenac (a NSAID) has been proved to cause a +95% decline in the Indian vulture populations in India, and it is now, quite surprisingly, marketed legally in Spain and Italy (the VCF and others are leading a campaign to ban it in the EU). Recently, the first case of a lethal poisoning of a griffon vulture by flunixin (another NSAID) has come to light. Today many farm animals receive small/large doses of antibiotics and other veterinary drugs. The EU sanitary regulations enacted to prevent disease transmission have actually led to a scarcity in the number of animal carcasses originating from extensive animal husbandry (with less chemicals) in some feeding stations, and a parallel increase in the use by avian scavengers of animals originated in industrial operations – mostly intensive farmed pigs. This is a potential source of exposure to harmful toxins for vultures that needs to be monitored. From the food safety perspective, parameters that ensure human safety relative to animal carcasses but do not apply to scavengers. Veterinarians, researchers and even governmental authorities on the ground may be unaware that certain veterinary products can be toxic to wildlife. All these veterinary products can cause acute or chronic intoxication, dependent of the product and the exposure. It is well known that exposure to NSAIDs and euthanasia drugs can be acutely toxic to vultures and other scavengers, long-term exposure to other compounds like antibiotics can have sublethal effects (e.g., development of antibiotic resistant strains). In some cases, veterinary drugs can act similar as pesticides or heavy metals, some veterinary products have a pesticide as the active ingredient and lead poisoning and exposure to barbiturates can cause with similar symptoms, something that need to be taken in account for investigation of illegal poisoning incidents. 6 Workshop objectives ● To inform about current research projects and recent findings on negative effects to vultures of veterinary products (current Life Projects and best practice experience form Spain and France). ● To identify widely used veterinary products with potentially harmful effects to vultures across the project area (Bulgaria and Greece). Name of products and uses. ● To review the current sampling and analyses protocols, guidance, practice and resources, identify gaps and make recommendations for improvements. ● To inform LIFE Re-Vultures After-Life plan about this subject and include recommendations and action to wider vulture conservation plans and policies Target audience International experts from this field and staff from the different LIFE projects implementing closely related activities on this subject, representatives from the veterinary service from Bulgaria and Greece. The total number of expected participants was 30, but due to a lot of interest especially from Greece and Bulgaria finally there were over 60 attendees at the Workshop. Workshop venue and logistics The Workshop took place in the Visitor's Center of the Dadia National Park in the village of ​ Dadia, Greece from the 19th until the 20th of February 2019. The Workshop venue was offered ​ ​ for free of change by the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park. Accommodation for the participants coming from abroad was secured in the nearby hotel Forest-In. Lunch was ​ ​ organized by a local catering service and for dinner participants were able to enjoy in local food in the village restaurants. Most of the participants arrived on the 18th in the evening and th ​ left after the excursion on the 20 .​ A total of 61 participants attended the Workshop. ​ Workshop participants N. NAME ORGANISATION Country 1 Andreana Dicheva Green Balkan Bulgaria 2 Anton Stamenov BSPB Bulgaria 3 Dobromir Dobrev BSPB Bulgaria 4 Georgana Nikolova Vet Faculty Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Bulgaria Balieva 5 Georgy Stoyanov BPPS Bulgaria 6 Hristo Hristov Rewilding Rhodopes/BSPB Bulgaria 7 Hristo Peshev FWFF Bulgaria 8 Ivanka Asenova Lazarova Vet Faculty Stara Zagora, Bulgaria Bulgaria 9 Ivaylo Klusurov Green Balkan Bulgaria 7 10 Kiril Dimitrov Trakia University - Bulgaria Bulgaria 11 Monika Toneva Green Balkan Bulgaria 12 Rusko Petrov Green Balkan Bulgaria 13 Stefka Dimitrova Green Balkan Bulgaria 14 Volen Arkumarev BSPB Bulgaria 15 Alian Vulchev TRU Bulgaria 16 Roque Florence CNITV France 17 Anna Konstantinidou Management Body DLS National Park Greece 18 Babakas Petros Evros Regional Authority Greece 19 Dimitrios Vasilakis Soufli Forestry Service Greece 20 Eleftherios Kapsalis WWF Greece Greece 21 Elzbieta Kret WWF Greece Greece 22 Kastellanou Erini Ministry of Agriculture Greece 23 Christos Zafeiridis Ministry of Agriculture Greece 24 Stavros Tsiantikoudis Management Body DLS National Park Greece 25 Sylvia Zakkak Management Body DLS National Park Greece 26 Theodora Skartsi WWF Greece Greece 27 Verónica López WWF Greece EVS volunteer Greece 28 Victoria Saravia HOS Greece 29 Laura Kummerling WWF Greece EVS volunteer Greece 30 Tsatantziali Filio Management Body DLS National Park Greece 31 Gezerli Dimitra Management Body DLS National Park Greece 32 Chrysoula Babaka Management Body DLS National Park Greece 33 Alexiou Despina Management Body DLS National Park Greece 34 Giannakidis Georgios Management Body DLS National Park Greece 35 Paplexandris Management Body DLS National Park Greece Charalambos 36 Delistamatis Vasilios Soufli Veterinarian Centre Greece 37 Sarantidou Dimitra Soufli Veterinarian Centre Greece 38 Pistolas Kostas Livestock breeder Greece 39 Athanasiadis Andreas East Macedonia-Thrace Regional Authority Greece 40 Meimarakis Sotirios Didimotycho veterinarian Centre Greece 41 Pistola Vasiliki Alexandroupolis Forest Service Greece 42 Arabatzi Gianna Alexandroupolis Forest Service Greece 43 Pistolas Giorgos Alexandroupolis Forest Service Greece 44 Zanelis Leonidas Alexandroupolis Forest Service Greece 45 Giannopoulou Andriani Orestiada Veterinarian Directorate Greece 46 Makrigianni Eleni Management
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