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Home , Aristotelous Square, Bearded reedling, Common nightingale, Dadia Forest, Eurasian hoopoe, European roller

NORTHERN : & HISTORY MAY 15-27, 2021 ©2020

Meteora, Greece © Voyagerix-Shutterstock For most travelers, the allure of Greece is forever bound in its classical ruins, sun-splashed islands, and wine-dark . Indeed, images of the Acropolis and islands such as and Santorini stoke the postcard ideal of Greece like no others. However, for those with a strong sense of curiosity and a desire to look deeper into the heart of this ancient country, lies another Greece—Northern Greece—an overlooked region very different from that of the iconic south, a scenic land of mountains, lakes, river deltas, and less known but equally impressive historical sites and architectural wonders.

On this new tour, we will travel to Northern Greece, a part of the country virtually unknown to most North Americans and a place that defies popular perceptions of Greece. On this “Birds and History” trip, we will travel from to , mixing time in premier birding locations with visits to historical sites of quiet renown. Our birding pursuits will take us to areas that are not only the top sites in Greece, but among the top birding sites in all of Eastern . These include the River Delta, Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida, the beautiful Dadia Forest, the River Delta, and magical Lake Kerkini. Northern Greece, Page 2 The birding should be exceptional, and we expect encounters with a great many not found farther south in Greece. A sample of species we may observe includes Ferruginous Duck, Dalmatian and Great White pelicans, Pygmy Cormorant, Purple Heron, Black and White storks, Eurasian Stone- Curlew, Spur-winged , European Roller, Black and Syrian woodpeckers, Calandra , Isabelline Wheatear, Eastern Orphean and Olive-tree warblers, Semicollared Flycatcher, Eurasian Penduline-, Bearded Reedling, Red-backed and Masked , and European Golden Oriole. This part of Greece is also one of the richest areas in Europe for raptors, with as many as twenty-five species of vultures, eagles, buzzards, sparrow-hawks, and falcons possible. Many of these are either not found in other parts of Europe or have become much rarer, including Cinereous and Egyptian vultures, Lesser Spotted and Booted eagles, Levant Sparrowhawk, and Red-footed and Eleonora’s falcons.

On the cultural front, we will visit remarkable historical sites associated with different periods in Greece’s illustrious past, including , historic capital of the ancient kingdom of Macedon and birthplace of ; , a beautiful valley containing medieval-era monasteries of the Eastern Orthodox faith, all constructed atop a series of dramatic rock spires; and finally, a city tour of , featuring the White Tower, Arch of Galerius, the Church of St. Demetrios, and the old Jewish Quarter.

Note that this tour may be taken alone or as a pre-trip to our cruise: Greece: A Circumnavigation of the , May 26–June 4, 2021.

Northern Greece, Page 3 May 15–16, Days 1–2: Departure to Athens, Greece; arrival and evening welcome. Flights from the United States bound for Athens (airport code ATH) depart on May 15 and arrive on the morning of May 16. Upon arrival in Athens, you will be met outside the baggage claim area by a representative of our ground agent and transferred to the Hotel Divani Acropolis where a room has been reserved in your name. After check-in you will have the remainder of the day to yourself, where options include relaxing in the privacy of your room or exploring some of the city’s many historical and cultural attractions.

Athens, Greece’s capital city, contains a wealth of museums and places of interest. Among the many ways to spend an afternoon we recommend a visit to the National Archaeological Museum, one of the great museums of the world. Located northwest of the Acropolis, the museum houses an extraordinary collection of art and artifacts from the world. Within the rooms, chambers, and halls are a profusion of exhibits containing ancient sculptures in marble and bronze from the Archaic (650–480 B.C.E.), Classical (480–338 B.C.E.), Hellenistic (338- 146 B.C.E.), and Roman periods (146 B.C.E.–330 C.E.), along with dazzling examples of pottery, figurines, weapons, and other artifacts dating from antiquity. Among the many treasures is the “Mask of Agamemnon,” which was unearthed at Mycenae by Heinrich Schliemann, the discoverer of Troy.

Another option is a visit to the Plaka, an area of shops and restaurants on the east side of the Acropolis. Wandering among the narrow streets and alleys, you may choose from a variety of restaurants and bars if you are hungry, or step in and out of myriad shops and stores with gifts, clothing, and a variety of other objects for sale.

On Day 2 (May 16) we will gather as a group in the hotel lobby at 6:00 p.m. for a trip introduction and welcome. This evening we will have dinner at an open-air restaurant that features unobstructed views of the Acropolis.

NIGHT (Day 1): Aboard Aircraft NIGHT (Day 2): Hotel Divani Acropolis, Athens

May 17, Day 3: Travel from Athens to Kalampaka. This morning our trip begins! Our destination for the next two nights is the community of Kalampaka in . The journey from Athens to Kalampaka will take about four hours and will see us traversing the interior of north as we make our way into the Central Greece administrative region. En route, the changing landscape will include a mixture of coastal scenery and agricultural and pastoral lands before the first mountains begin to appear. We will make a couple of stops for bathrooms and have lunch in a local tavern in the city of Karditsa.

We will arrive in Kalampaka in the mid-afternoon. The first order of business will be checking in to our hotel followed by a short break. Our plan is to then spend an hour and a half or two hours birding in the rural country around the town. The specific destination we’ll visit will be determined by our local guides, but the overall region contains a number of widely occurring species. Some of we may see this afternoon are , Eurasian Jackdaw, Eurasian Blue Tit, Short-toed Snake-Eagle, Syrian Woodpecker, Crested Lark, and Cirl Bunting.

For a taste of the local fare, we’ll have dinner at a tavern in town.

NIGHT: Divani Meteora Hotel, Kalampaka

May 18, Day 4: Morning tour of Meteora; afternoon birding excursion. Today we will spend the entire day in the Kalampaka area. In the morning we’ll enjoy a guided tour of the remarkable historical site of Meteora, while the afternoon’s activities center on another birding excursion outside Kalampaka.

So much of Greece’s renown is derived from its pre-classical and classical past, from the times when men like Homer, Pericles, , Socrates, and were going about their business giving birth to Western Civilization. For most travelers to Greece, history starts and ends with these ancients, and others, who lived centuries before the birth of Christ and who built timeless monuments of marble in honor of the Olympian gods they worshipped. However, a closer look at Greek history reveals a civilization that did not end abruptly with the Northern Greece, Page 4 coming of the Romans, but rather a civilization dramatically transformed, certainly by the Romans, but namely by the arrival of Christianity and subsequent waves of cultural influences and new ethnicities. Although Athens would no longer be the center of the western world, Greece, in close proximity to Byzantium to the east, developed in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, which in turn produced lasting architectural achievements. One place where this tradition is on display is Meteora,

The Meteora Valley © Sianstock-Shutterstock

Situated in a valley at the northwest edge of the plain of in central Greece, Meteora is a Byzantine site, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for its monasteries of the Eastern Orthodox faith. Dating from the fourteenth through seventeenth centuries, the monasteries are beautiful constructions of brick, stone, and red-tile roofs. While the edifices themselves are cause for wonder, it is their individual locations atop a series of rock spires that makes for an arresting sight. We will arrive at the historical park at the time it opens in order to beat the crowds and to take advantage of the cooler morning temperatures. There we will meet up with a licensed guide who will lead us on a morning-long interpretive tour.

The inaccessible placement of the monasteries is attributable to the vulnerability of the monastic order that called the area home. The monks who served here sought a place of refuge where they could worship in peace and solitude in a region rocked by upheaval from the clashes between the and the ascendant Ottoman Turks. Originally, there were at least twenty monasteries, but today six survive: the monasteries of the Great Meteora, Varlaam, Rousanou, St. Nicholas Anapafsas, St. Stephen, and the Holy Trinity.

Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Meteora © saiko3p-Shutterstock Northern Greece, Page 5 Our tour may include the possibility of entering one or more of the monasteries, but doing so will require ascending long flights of steps.

As Meteora is a natural setting, we are likely to see birds during our tour. We will readily interrupt our guide to point out any number of birds that could appear around us, including Eurasian Kestrel, Blue Rock-, Eurasian Crag-Martin, Red-rumped , Western Rock Nuthatch, and Black-eared Wheatear among others.

After lunch in town, we may have time for an afternoon break before we go out again for a couple of hours of birding. Again, the site we choose to visit will be determined by our local guide, but undoubtedly, we’ll want to position ourselves so that we may see a variety of birds new for the trip. Among the possibilities from our time in the field are Middle Spotted and Eurasian Green woodpeckers, European Roller, Eurasian Nuthatch, Subalpine and Eastern Orphean warblers, Semicollared Flycatcher, and Wood Lark.

NIGHT: Divani Meteora Hotel, Kalampaka

May 19, Day 5: Travel to Pella; guided tour of the archaeological site; afternoon at Kalochori Lagoon (Axios Delta National Park); transfer to Thessaloniki. From Meteora, our route will take us north and northeast as we make our way toward Thessaloniki. In mid- Middle Spotted Woodpecker © Lefteris Stavrakas morning we will visit the historical site of Pella, while after lunch we’ll enjoy a birding excursion to Kalochori Lagoon and Axios Delta National Park before heading into Thessaloniki.

Departing the hotel by 8:00 a.m., the journey to Pella will require about two and a half hours. Upon arrival, we will meet up with a licensed guide who will lead us on a two-hour interpretive tour of the site and museum.

Located a short distance northwest of present-day Thessaloniki, Pella is one of the most important historical sites in Northern Greece. Located in the modern administrative region of Central , Pella was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Macedon and the birthplaces of Phillip II (382 BCE) and Alexander the Great (356 BCE). Following the Macedon conquest of Greece in the fourth century BCE, Pella cemented its status as the most powerful and wealthy city in Greece, until the coming of the Romans. Pella was sacked by the Romans in 167 BCE, at which time it was repurposed an administrative center. In 90 BCE the site was destroyed by an earthquake. Thereafter, it was occupied in the form of a small village or fortification into Byzantine times.

Our tour of Pella will include the most important features of the site, including the remains of the Palace of Dionysus and the ancient agora. We’ll then move to the museum where we’ll view a range of artifacts recovered from the site and nearby areas. The museum is laid out according to four thematic groups, with numerous finds from past excavations representing daily life, public life, ceremonies, and burials. Sculptures, coins, inscriptions, and weapons abound, but perhaps of greatest interest are the floor mosaics from the palace of Dionysus and, from the palace gallery, information about the life of Alexander the Great.

Northern Greece, Page 6

Pella © Panos Karos-Shutterstock

Following lunch in a nearby tavern, we’ll travel approximately thirty minutes toward the coast, site of Axios Delta National Park, where we’ll spend about two hours birding at Kalochori Lagoon, a haven for shorebirds, waders, raptors, and more.

An excellent birding area, Kalochori Lagoon sits on the edge of Axios Delta National Park along the northwest side of the Thermaic Gulf. Named for the delta of the Axios River, the park actually encompasses the deltas of the Axios and three other rivers, including the , Loudias, and Aliakmon. Some of the longest rivers in Greece, all four are reduced versions of their former selves, yet still are of high ecological integrity in that they underpin the entire coastal ecosystem of the western Thermaic Gulf.

In the middle decades of the twentieth century, Greece’s coastal plane was pumped extensively for ground water to feed the growing city of Thessaloniki. As often happens when ground water is removed, the overlying land subsides, which is exactly what happened on the coastal plain, thus allowing sea water to penetrate the shallow basins that were created as a consequence of subsidence. Kalochori Lagoon, adjacent to the Gallikos Delta in the northeast side of the national park, is a relatively recent wetland created by this very process.

We will visit areas around the perimeter of the lagoon where our time in the field may produce a variety of birds including Common Pygmy Cormorant © Lefteris Stavrakas Shelduck, Great Crested Grebe, Pygmy Cormorant, Pied Avocet, Northern Greece, Page 7 Little Stint, the very rare Terek Sandpiper, Slender-billed Gull, Little Tern, Long-legged Buzzard, and European Bee-eater to name some of the possibilities. Kalochori Lagoon is also famous for its Greater , which can be found here in varying numbers at different times of the year. By mid-May the birds will mostly be on their breeding grounds elsewhere, but a few may still be in the area. Additionally, Dalmatian Pelican, a specialty of southeastern Europe (in this part of its range), may be present as well.

Late in the afternoon, we’ll make the short drive to our hotel in Thessaloniki. Following check-in, we’ll meet for dinner around 7:00 p.m. NIGHT: Makedonia Palace Hotel, Thessaloniki

May 20, Day 6: Morning city tour of Thessaloniki; afternoon options for either an extended city tour or birding at Gallikos Estuary (Axios Delta National Park). This day presents the opportunity to experience Thessaloniki, Greece’s second largest city and a center of great historical significance. For the first half of the day we’ll enjoy a walking tour of the city center in which we’ll visit a number of locally famous sites, while in the afternoon we’ll have the option of either seeing more of Thessaloniki via a walk through its Jewish Quarter, or spending a couple of hours birding at the estuary of the Gallikos River in Axios Delta National Park.

Founded by the Macedon empire in the fourth century BCE, Thessaloniki has always been a city of central importance. Its position at the head of the Thermaic Gulf ensures its role as a key hub for regional commerce and government administration. Following its conquering by the Romans in 146 BCE, Thessaloniki has proved pivotal in the civilizations of the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans, up through the period of Greek independence to the present day.

To most Americans, Thessaloniki is an afterthought of a place—if thought of at all—that exists in the long shadow of Athens. To Europeans, the city is one of the most desirable places in Europe, known for its good climate, coastal setting, and vibrant culture. While Athens is the political center of Greece, Thessaloniki is often seen as its cultural capital. Drawing from its Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman legacies, Thessaloniki hosts a treasure trove of historical and architectural wonders, and its open city center and seaside location serve as the venue for celebrations and festivals throughout the year.

White Tower of Thessaloniki © Mazur Travel-Shutterstock

Northern Greece, Page 8 Our hotel is located near the waterfront. With a licensed guide we will tour the city center and a number of more important sites including: • White Tower of Thessaloniki: An Ottoman-era prison and garrison remodeled as a monument and city museum. • Arch of Galerius: A city landmark, the Arch of Galerius is a remnant of the greater palace complex constructed by the Roman emperor Galerius in the fourth century CE. • Church of St. Demetrios or the Hagia Sophia of Thessaloniki: Dating to the fourteenth century, the original Church of St. Demetrios no longer exists. Reconstructed in the mid-twentieth century, the handsome church is an example of the orthodox architectural style. Modeled on the Hagia Sophia of Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia of Thessaloniki was erected in the eighth century CE as a Byzantine church. A popular attraction, the Hagia Sophia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. • Aristotelous Square: Following the Great Fire of Thessaloniki in 1917, in which two-thirds of the city was destroyed, the French architect Ernest Hébrard envisioned a new Thessaloniki with a public square at the center. Aristotelous Square is today the largest and most significant public area in the city. Two of the buildings lining the back side of the square were designed in the shape of quarter circles, giving the square its distinct rounded-on-one-side appearance.

Following lunch, we’ll offer a choice of two activity options for the afternoon: 1) A walking tour of the old Jewish Quarter of Thessaloniki; or 2) A birding excursion to the estuary of the Gallikos River in Axios Delta National Park.

Until the twentieth century, Thessaloniki was home to more Jews, as a percentage of the overall population of the city, than any other large city in Europe. In World War II, Thessaloniki fell under the control of Nazi following the failed attempt by Italy to conquer Greece. What came next was the genocide of approximately 50,000 Jews. The city was stripped of its Jewish population almost entirely. Today, the remains of the old Jewish Quarter offer many sites of interest including synagogues, a Holocaust memorial, galleries, houses, a cemetery, and a market. We’ll spend a couple of hours on foot walking through the Quarter learning about the city’s Jewish heritage and the disaster that unfolded here seventy-five years ago.

Southwest of Thessaloniki, the Gallikos River enters the Thermaic Gulf as the northernmost of four rivers contained in Axios Delta National Park. Here, the river’s rich sediment payload is deposited on either side of the river mouth, forming a delta that provides feeding grounds for a marvelous assortment of birds. Located in close proximity to Kalochori Lagoon, where we spent the previous afternoon, we’ll have about two hours to bird the estuary lands searching for a variety of shorebirds and waders. Species representative of the wetland here are Eurasian Eurasian Spoonbill © Brian Gibbons Curlew, Gray Heron, Eurasian Spoonbill, Eurasian Thick-knee, Curlew Sandpiper, Mediterranean Gull, and Common Tern, while drier habitat adjacent to the coast could hold , Eurasian Marsh-Harrier, Black Kite, Eastern Olivaceous and Great Reed warblers, and Spanish Sparrow.

We’ll return to the hotel late in the afternoon, followed by dinner in the hotel.

NIGHT: Makedonia Palace Hotel, Thessaloniki Northern Greece, Page 9 May 21, Day 7: Travel to Lake Kerkini; birding the west embankment. From Thessaloniki, we’ll travel to our next destination: Lake Kerkini, situated in far northern Greece near the border. These next two days should bring pure joy as we immerse ourselves in this, one of the single-best birding locations in Greece. Today we’ll travel from Thessaloniki to Lithotopos at the south end of the lake, at which point we’ll spend the duration of the day working our way north along the west embankment until reaching our hotel near Mandraki on the north shore, while tomorrow will be dedicated to a morning boat trip on the lake and an afternoon exploring the east embankment.

Beautiful Lake Kerkini © Fabisuk-Shutterstock

Among birders, wildlife photographers, and general nature enthusiasts, Lake Kerkini is indisputably a very special place. Beautiful, lightly populated, and home year-round to large numbers of birds, Lake Kerkini presents an array of scenic and avian spectacles that rank among the finest on the continent. Although we will have two days to experience the area, one could spend a week here. Our objective is to visit a variety of sites along the lengthy western and eastern shorelines, or “embankments,” of the lake, exploring for birds. Lake Kerkini is known primarily for magnificent waterbird spectacles in which hundreds of pelicans, cormorants, flamingoes, storks, herons, egrets, shorebirds, gulls, and terns may be seen in close proximity. Consequently, our focus will be on waterbirds much of the time. Yet, it is important to note that the region also supports a superb collection of breeding and migrant landbirds.

The first thing one should know about Lake Kerkini is that it is not a natural lake. In fact, prior to 1932 it didn’t even exist! Rather, in the state of nature, the area was an expansive wetland that existed on the natural course of the Strymonas River. Due to a need to regulate waterflow to protect the surrounding croplands from flooding, a dam was erected at the village of Lithotopos, and earthen embankments were mounded along both the western and eastern shores. The storage capacity of the lake was expanded in the 1980s with the construction of a new dam and heightening of the embankments. Lake Kerkini is relatively shallow, which means that at capacity it spreads across a large distance, covering nearly eleven miles in length and over three miles in width. Unlike so many artificial bodies of water, in which “artificial” equals “sterile,” Lake Kerkini is a thriving ecosystem encompassing marshlands, riverine forest, and several river mouths, in addition to the fish-filled, nutrient-rich Northern Greece, Page 10 lake itself. Today, the lake and its environs is regarded as a wetland of global importance, as demonstrated by the fact that it has been given Ramsar status (intergovernmental convention on the protection and wise use of wetlands).

Around Lithotopos and the southwest corner of the lake, we’ll encounter a pleasing mix of birds, many of which are common and widespread species while others are regional specialties. Among the many possibilities here are Pygmy Cormorant, White Stork, Gray Heron, Lesser Spotted Eagle, , European Bee-eater, Eurasian Green Woodpecker, Woodchat , Hooded Crow, Black-headed and Cirl buntings, and several species of warblers.

After lunch, in either Lithotopos or the town of Kerkini, we’ll continue exploring up the western embankment. This area holds many birding-site options and our stops will be determined in large part by the recommendations of our local guides. Regardless, every stop is sure to produce an array of birds new to the trip. Among the enticing possibilities in Black-headed Bunting © Spyros Skaraeas this stretch are Great Crested Grebe, Great White Pelican, Eurasian Spoonbill, Squacco Heron, , Great Reed Warbler, Corn Bunting, and Crested Lark among many others.

Our accommodation for these next two nights is the Villa Belles Hotel, a stylish and comfortable property set amid beautiful natural surroundings. To the north rises 6,000-foot Mount Belles while to the south is the north shore of the lake, fringed in green riverine forest.

NIGHT: Villa Belles Hotel, Akritochori

May 22, Day 8: Lake Kerkini; birding the east embankment. A variety of experiences lay in store on our second day at Lake Kerkini. The day will begin with a boat trip on the lake followed by lunch in Kerkini. In the afternoon, we’ll loop around to the northeast side of the lake for a couple of hours birding the east embankment.

While the previous day was themed to birding along the west embankment, this day will yield more experience with the birds of the Kerkini region literally with time on the water. After breakfast, we’ll make the short drive back to the village of Kerkini, where we’ll board a boat for a morning long birding and nature cruise on the lake. The boats, known locally as “plaves,” hold about 18 people, are equipped with low noise engines, and feature a canopy for protection from the sun and rain. Our tour of the lake will last for the duration of the morning and will provide a unique and wonderful perspective on the lake and its birdlife. One of the primary attractions of the cruise is the opportunity to see Dalmatian Pelicans at close range. This species breeds locally in eastern Europe and ranges east into central . Lake Kerkini is one of the best places to see this unusual bird, certainly because it is easy to view the birds at close range here. Assuming the birds are in an accessible location, we’ll take time to approach them for close study and for photographs. Also, on the lake should be Great White Pelicans and numbers of Great and Pygmy cormorants, and a variety of herons, egrets, gulls, and terns. Depending on the weather, our route might also take us near otherwise inaccessible riparian forest where a variety of landbirds may be seen. Little Northern Greece, Page 11 Spotted and Eurasian Green woodpeckers, Eurasian Magpie, , Eastern Olivaceous and Cetti’s warblers, Masked and Red-backed shrikes, and European Golden Oriole are all possible.

After lunch in Kerkini, we’ll head back around the top of the lake for a few hours of birding along the east embankment. The specific sites we’ll visit will depend on the recommendations of our local guides, but we should again expect opportunities for a mix of waterbirds and landbirds. By this time in the trip, certain birds will seem like familiar friends, while other will be making their debuts. Beyond the pelicans and cormorants, we’ll watch the lake for Ferruginous Duck, Black-headed Gull, Common and Whiskered terns, and lingering waterfowl, while areas of grasses, brush, and tress may hold Great Spotted Woodpecker, European Roller, Common Kingfisher, Eurasian , Eurasian Jay, Eurasian Penduline-Tit, Great Tit, Masked and Lesser Gray shrikes, Dalmatian Pelican © Lefteris Stavrakas Eurasian Blackbird, European Greenfinch, and the gorgeous Black-headed Bunting, an exquisite bird by any standard. Overhead, we’ll keep watch for any number of birds of prey that breed throughout the general area including Eurasian Marsh-Harrier; White-tailed Eagle, Booted and Lesser Spotted Eagles, Black Kite, Levant Sparrowhawk, Eurasian Kestrel, Red- footed Falcon, and Eurasian Hobby.

Late in the afternoon, we’ll return to the hotel for a chance to relax and freshen up before dinner.

NIGHT: Villa Belles Hotel, Akritochori

May 23, Day 9: Travel to ; Nestos River Gorge and Delta. With two days at Lake Kerkini under our belts, it will be time to shift our attention to the east and the next segment of our trip. Departing the hotel after breakfast, we’ll spend the first half of the morning transiting toward the historic town of Xanthi, where we’ll ultimately spend the night. West of Xanthi, the highway will take us into the precincts of the National Park of Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida–Ismarida. The remainder of the day will be spent birding two sites along the Nestos River: the Nestos Gorge and the Nestos River Delta.

Unlike the south of Greece, the northern tier of the country is bisected by long rivers, most of which descend from the mountainous country to the north before emptying into the Aegean Sea. These rivers have played a critical role in shaping the Grecian landscape and its civilizations since time immemorial. All of these rivers are critical sources of fresh water for the agriculture economy of the region, while sustaining remnant patches of riverine forest and delta . It these habitats that host a superb variety of birds.

Roughly halfway between Thessaloniki and Alexandroupolis flows the stately Nestos River, one of the larger rivers of northern Greece and a key component of the National Park of Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida– Ismarida. The river originates in Bulgaria and flows south through the mountains before reaching the coast at . Over the final length of its journey, the river loses elevational drop and flattens, forming wide meandering loops that have eroded a gooseneck canyon into the surrounding limestone. This is the Nestos Gorge. Northern Greece, Page 12 Our first destination of the day is indeed the Nestos Gorge, near the village of Toxotes. This site lies within the boundary of the national park and offers a wonderful setting in which to be in nature. One may visit different parts of the gorge, but we’ll likely pick a site where we can enjoy an easy walk through the forest with the river running nearby. There’s no telling what avian highlights our time here could produce, but among the birds of greater interest are Common Wood-Pigeon, , Eurasian Honey-Buzzard, Eurasian Griffon, Eurasian Crag-Martin, Long-tailed Tit, , and Gray, White, and Western Yellow wagtails.

After lunch in the village of Toxotes, we’ll head south to the river delta where we’ll spend a couple of hours birding the riparian near the river mouth.

Prior to World War II, the Great Forest (Koca Orman in Turkish) was a vast floodplain forest of thousands of acres. It is now much reduced in size but it still teems with wildlife. Several species of woodpeckers are here, including Gray-headed and Lesser Spotted woodpeckers, as well as Common Nightingale, Eurasian Blue and Long-tailed tits. This is also the sole place in Greece where the original “wild” Ring-necked Pheasant is found, told from the introduced races by the lack of a white collar, smaller size, and Black Stork © Lefteris Stavrakas darker color. On the mammal front, Golden Jackal is known to be present here in large numbers. If luck is on our side, we may see this cunning carnivore.

Later in the afternoon we’ll make the forty-five-minute drive into Xanthi.

NIGHT: Elisso Hotel, Xanthi

May 24 Day 10: Morning at Porto Lagos and Lakes Vistonida–Ismarida; afternoon transfer to Alexandroupolis. Our day will begin with a departure from Xanthi for the town of Porto Lagos, located a mere thirty minutes southeast, where we’ll enjoy a morning of birding in the vicinity of Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida. In the afternoon, we’ll transfer to Alexandroupolis.

As important a natural area as the Nestos River Delta is, it is but one part of a sprawling complex of interconnected wetlands that together comprise the National Park of Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida–Ismarida. East of the delta, the north coast of the Aegean Sea is a matrix of habitats consisting of coastal shoreline, freshwater and brackish lakes, saline lagoons, marshlands, and mudflats. The small, waterfront community of Porto Lagos sits on a peninsula between the sea and Lake Vistonida and serves as an ideal base from which to explore the greater area. The birding here is always good and often exceptional, with birds seen in large variety and numbers. Although by now we will have seen pelicans, cormorants, wading birds, and several types of shorebirds at other locations, the tremendous variety of the Porto Lagos region ensures there is always something new to see.

Porto Lagos is surrounded by lagoons, marshes, lakes, and the sea. Upon arrival, we’ll make a point of checking several areas around the waterfront. Dalmatian Pelican, Great Cormorant, and a host of herons and egrets are likely. Although our visit will occur later in the migration period, it is highly likely that we’ll encounter a variety of lingering waterfowl, shorebirds, gulls, and terns, species that have mostly passed through the region by now on their way north, but that still can be detected in small numbers. Among a great many species possible are Eurasian Wigeon and Common Pochard; Common Ringed Plover, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Whimbrel, and Common Redshank; Mediterranean Gull; and Whiskered and Black terns.

Northern Greece, Page 13 Immediately to the north sits Lake Vistonida. This large body of water is the fourth largest lake in Greece and a haven for wildlife. A unique feature of the lake is the juxtaposition of freshwater and brackish environments in the same body of water. The distant north end of the lake is fed by two rivers and is entirely freshwater in nature, while the south end receives influxes of saltwater owing to the close proximity of the lake’s south shore to the sea.

After lunch in Porto Lagos, we’ll transfer to Alexandroupolis, one hour to the east. Prior to check-in, we’ll visit another wetland site, the Antheia marshes, only minutes from the hotel.

Stretching southeast from Alexandroupolis, Evros Delta National Park is an expansive coastal ecosystem centered around the mouth of the Evros River. The Evros Delta is a renowned birding location, not only in Greece but throughout Europe. We will spend more time around the delta in the coming days, but on this afternoon, we’ll get our first taste of the area with a trip to Apalos Beach Short-toed Snake-Eagle © Brian Gibbons and the Antheia Marshes.

As with the other river deltas we’ve visited, the Evros Delta is an important center of biodiversity, containing a multitude of aquatic habitats that in turn support a robust avifauna. Among the birds we may see here are Common Shelduck, Booted and White-tailed eagles, Short-toed Snake-Eagle, Black-winged Stilt, Pied Avocet. Little Stint, Slender-billed Gull, Common Tern, Levant Sparrowhawk, , Eleonora’s Falcon, Eurasian Penduline-Tit, Bearded Reedling, Isabelline Wheatear, Calandra Lark, and Corn Bunting.

Late in the afternoon, we’ll make the short drive to the hotel for check-in, followed by a chance to rest and perhaps enjoy a drink before dinner. NIGHT: Astir Egnatia Hotel, Alexandroupolis

May 25, Day 11: Morning birding at the Dadia Forest; afternoon birding at Dadia or at the Evros River Delta. To experience a different regime of birds and landscapes, we will spend much of the day in the region of Dadia northeast of Alexandroupolis. Dadia is the gateway village to Dadia-Lefkimi- Forest National Park, perhaps the wildest remaining part of Greece. Depending on weather conditions and the productivity of our birding, we may choose to make a full day of it in the national park, or alternatively, we may head back to the coast for an afternoon of birding at the Evros River Delta.

Located about forty-five minutes northeast of Alexandroupolis, the Dadia Forest occupies a narrow arm of easternmost Greece where the country pinches in between to the east and Bulgaria to the north. Far removed from the Mediterranean influenced regions to the south, this is Balkan country, a less populous land characterized by undulating hills, rugged mountains, and heavy forests. The national park, known simply as Dadia Forest, is something of a miracle in today’s world in that it sustains a marvelous biological diversity over a large area in mostly intact condition. Here, the visitor is treated to forests of pine, oak, and alder interspersed with fields, clearings, rocky outcrops, and waterways. Although the national park is significant for a variety of reasons, it is the fact that up to twenty-five species of vultures and other birds of prey survive here in healthy numbers that Dadia receives so much attention. Indeed, it is because of the unspoiled nature of the park that it is considered among the most important natural areas remaining in Europe, and a place of global biological significance. Northern Greece, Page 14

Dadia Forest © Spyros Skaraeas

Our plan is to visit several areas within the national park, each of which will provide exposure to different landscapes and to different birds. Near Dadia, we’ll take time to look around the ecotourism center and orient ourselves before heading outside for some birding. The immediate forest and nearby open areas may hold a multitude of birds, including several species of special interest. Among the possibilities are sought- after birds such as Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Black and Great Spotted woodpeckers, Eastern Bonelli’s Warbler, Lesser Whitethroat, European Golden Oriole, Short-toed Treecreeper, and Rock Bunting.

The national park operates a feeding program in which livestock that have already died are transported to a mountaintop station where wild vultures (and a few eagles) are attracted to the easy food source. The Dadia Forest region holds globally significant populations of Eurasian Griffon and Egyptian Vultures as well as the massive , the largest vulture in Eurasia. We’ll visit the feeding station to learn about this tightly regulated practice and to see wild birds flying and perched at moderately close range. None of these birds are doing well in the rest of Europe (with a few notable exceptions), and the opportunity to see them up close provides an unforgettable experience. In addition to the vultures, we have chances to see a host of other birds of prey including Lesser Spotted Eagle, Golden Eagle, , Common and Long-legged © Lefteris Stavrakas buzzards, and Eleonora’s Falcon among others.

After lunch in Dadia, we’ll either visit another woodland area for other birds or retrace our route to Alexandroupolis and the Evros River Delta. Northern Greece, Page 15 Should we stay in the Dadia area, we’ll likely visit other forest areas to search for birds such as Black Stork, Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Eastern Orphean and Olive-tree warblers, Red-backed Shrike, Song and Mistle thrushes, Common Chaffinch, and Hawfinch.

Should we head to the coast, we’ll spend the rest of the day seeking resident and late migrating waterbirds and landbirds. NIGHT: Astir Egnatia Hotel, Alexandroupolis

May 26, Day 12: Morning birding at Evros River Delta; late day flight to Athens. On this, our final day of the tour, we’ll devote as much of the day as we can to birding at the Evros River Delta before going to the airport and taking a late afternoon or early evening flight to Athens.

Along with Lake Kerkini, the Evros Delta is one of Greece’s most magical areas for birding and nature study. The delta is part of the broader alluvial floodplain created from deposition of the river’s sediment load. These soils are rich in nutrients and provide superb habitat for resident and migrant birds all year long. While at this point in the tour we are not likely to encounter a lot of species new to the trip, the opportunity to simply spend a day in such a high-quality location as this offers a reminder that birding is as much about enjoyment of spectacle as it is about the next new thing. With the time available to us today we will make a point of again studying Dalmatian and Great White pelicans, or feeding groups of Greater Flamingos, or perhaps scanning the skies for Booted eagles and Long-legged buzzards. Along the shore, perhaps we’ll study Spur-winged Lapwing, certainly not a rare species, but a bird that enters Europe only here in its southeast corner. In dapper black and white , this bird ranks among the most handsome of shorebirds.

Spur-winged Lapwing with chick © Spyros Skaraeas Should we have time to check areas of coastal forest or shrub, we’ll watch for landbirds such as European Bee- eater, , and a cast of birds that could include shrikes, warblers, wheatears, and much more.

Because we will be taking a flight to Athens late in the day, we will take our bags with us when we check out of the hotel this morning. Most likely, the day will unfold with our heading straight to the airport upon conclusion of our birding activities. Northern Greece, Page 16 The flight to Athens is only one hour in duration. Dinner will depend on our flight time. We will either eat in the airport in Alexandroupolis, or at the airport hotel in Athens following check-in.

Upon arrival in Athens, we’ll proceed to the Hotel Divani Acropolis, located in central Athens near the base of the Acropolis. NIGHT: Hotel Divani Acropolis, Athens

May 27, Day 13: Departure for home. Participants are free to depart Athens at any time today. Those participants continuing to the cruise program will have the day at leisure before meeting the rest of the group this evening.

TOUR SIZE: This tour is limited to 14 participants.

TOUR LEADERS: Victor Emanuel and Barry Lyon with several local leaders.

Victor Emanuel started birding in Texas 71 years ago at the age of eight. His travels have taken him to all the continents, with his areas of concentration being Texas, Arizona, Mexico, Panama, and Peru. He is the founder and compiler for 50 years of the record-breaking Freeport Christmas Bird Count and served a term as president of the Texas Ornithological Society. Birds and natural history have been a major focus throughout his life. He derives great pleasure from seeing and hearing birds, and sharing with others these avian sights and sounds, both the common ones and the more unusual ones. He initiated the first birding camps for young people and considers that one of his greatest achievements. Victor holds a B.A. in zoology and botany from the University of Texas and an M.A. in government from Harvard. In 1993, he was the recipient of the Roger Tory Peterson Excellence in Birding Award, given by the Houston Audubon Society in recognition of a lifetime of dedication to careful observation, education, and addition to the body of avian knowledge. In 2004, he received the Roger Tory Peterson Award from the American Birding Association, and the Arthur A. Allen Award from the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. He is a past board member of the Nature Conservancy of Texas, the National Audubon Society, the American Bird Conservancy, and the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. In May 2017, the University of Texas Press published his memoir, One More Warbler, A Life with Birds.

Barry Lyon’s passion for the outdoors and birding has its roots in his childhood in southern California. During his teenage years, he attended several VENT/ABA youth birding camps, which ultimately led to his future involvement with Victor Emanuel Nature Tours. He holds a B.A. from the University of Arizona at Tucson where he studied history and political science, with an emphasis on environment and development politics. Barry joined the VENT team as a tour leader in 1995 and embarked on a travel-based career that has taken him to an array of worldwide destinations. He has lived in Austin, Texas since 2004 when he joined our office staff as an assistant to company president Victor Emanuel. In 2014 he was named Chief Operating Officer (COO), reflecting his increased experience and responsibilities. These days, his work is geared primarily toward the company’s business side and management, although he continues to lead a few tours annually. Barry’s background and his knowledge of natural history have provided him with a strong interest in conservation. He is a former board member and past president of Travis Audubon Society, which emphasizes conservation through birding and outdoor education for children. Barry resides in South Austin with his wife, Brooke Smith.

FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS: The fee for the tour is $7495 per person in double occupancy from Athens. This includes all meals from dinner on Day 2 to breakfast on Day 13, accommodations as stated in the itinerary, ground transportation during the tour, flight from Alexandroupolis to Athens on Day 12 in Economy, gratuities, and guide services provided by the tour leaders. It does not include airfare from your home to Athens and return, airport departure taxes, alcoholic beverages, special gratuities, phone calls, laundry, or items of a personal nature. Northern Greece, Page 17 Rates are based upon group tariffs; if the tour does not have sufficient registration, a small-party supplement may have to be charged.

The single supplement for this tour is $995. You will be charged a single supplement if you desire single accommodations, or if you prefer to share but have no roommate and we cannot provide one for you.

REGISTRATION & DEPOSIT: To register for this tour, please contact the VENT office. The deposit for this tour is $1,000 per person. If you prefer to pay your deposit using a credit card, the deposit must be made with MasterCard, Visa, or American Express at the time of registration. If you would like to pay your deposit by check, money order, or bank transfer, your tour space will be held for 10 days to allow time for the VENT office to receive your deposit and completed registration form. The VENT registration form (available from the VENT office or by download at www.ventbird.com) should be completed, signed, and returned to the VENT office.

PAYMENTS: All tour payments may be made by credit card (MasterCard, Visa, American Express), check, money order, or bank transfer (contact the VENT office for bank transfer information). These include initial deposits, second deposits, interim payments, final balances, special arrangements, etc. Full payment of the tour fee is due 150 days (December 16, 2020) prior to the tour departure date.

EXCHANGE RATE SURCHARGES: In the erratic global financial markets of today, it is difficult to predict foreign currency exchange rates over the long term or at the time of operation of a tour or cruise departure. Tour prices are based upon the rate of exchange at the time of itinerary publication. If exchange rates change drastically, it may be necessary to implement a surcharge. If a surcharge is necessary, every effort will be made to minimize the amount. In many cases, these additional foreign exchange rate surcharges are passed to VENT by its vendors and suppliers.

FUEL AND FUEL SURCHARGES: In the uncertain, often volatile oil market of late, it is difficult – if not impossible – to predict fuel costs over the long term, and more specifically, at the time of operation of this departure. Our prices are based upon the prevailing fuel rates at the time of itinerary publication. While we will do everything possible to maintain our prices, if the fuel rates increase significantly, it may be necessary to institute a fuel surcharge.

CANCELLATION & REFUNDS: Refunds are made according to the following schedule: If cancellation is made 180 days or more before the tour departure date, a cancellation fee of $500 per person will be charged unless the deposit is transferred to a new registration for another VENT tour that will operate within the next 12 months, in which case the cancellation fee will be $100 per person. If cancellation is made between 179 and 151 days before departure date, the deposit is not refundable, but any payments covering the balance of the fee will be refunded. If cancellation is made fewer than 150 days before departure date, no refund is available. This policy and fee schedule also apply to pre- and post-tour extensions. For your protection, we strongly recommend the purchase of travel insurance that covers trip cancellation/interruption.

If you cancel: Your refund will be: 180 days or more before departure date Your deposit minus $500* 179 to 151 days before departure date No refund of the deposit, but any payments on the balance will be refunded 150 days or less before departure date No refund available

*Unless the deposit is transferred to a new registration for another VENT tour that will operate within the next 12 months, in which case the cancellation fee will be $100 per person. To qualify, cancellation must occur 180 days or more before departure date; deposit transfers must be made at the time of cancellation; and one transfer per deposit.

Northern Greece, Page 18 Upon cancellation of the transportation or travel services, where you, the customer, are not at fault and have not cancelled in violation of the terms and conditions of any of the contract for transportation or travel services, all sums paid to VENT for services not received by you will be promptly refunded by VENT to you unless you otherwise advise VENT in writing.

Victor Emanuel Nature Tours is not a participant in the California Travel Consumer Restitution Fund. California law requires certain sellers of travel to have a trust account or bond. This business has a bond issued by Travelers in the amount of $50,000. CST #2014998-50.

TRAVEL INSURANCE: To safeguard against losses due to illness, accident, or other unforeseen circumstances, we strongly recommend the purchase of travel insurance as soon as possible after making a deposit. VENT has partnered with Redpoint Resolutions as our preferred travel insurance provider. Through Redpoint, we recommend Ripcord Rescue Travel InsuranceTM. Designed for all types of travelers, Ripcord is among the most highly regarded travel insurance programs available.

Critical benefits of Ripcord Rescue Travel Insurance include a completely integrated program with a single contact for emergency services, travel assistance, and insurance claims; medical evacuation and rescue services from your point of injury or illness to your hospital of choice; comprehensive travel insurance for trip cancellation/interruption, primary medical expense coverage, and much more. Waiver for pre-existing conditions is available but must be purchased within 14 days of tour deposit. Optional expanded insurance coverage is available and includes items such as security evacuation coverage in case of a natural disaster or other security events, and a “Cancel for Any Reason” clause (must be purchased within 14 days of tour deposit). Ripcord is available to U.S. and non-U.S. residents.

For a price quote, or to purchase travel insurance, please visit: ripcordrescuetravelinsurance.com/ventbird; or click the Ripcord Rescue Travel InsuranceTM logo on our website (click Help and Trip Insurance); or call +1- 415-481-0600. Pricing is based on age, trip cost, trip length, and level of coverage.

AIR INFORMATION: Victor Emanuel Travel is a full-service travel agency and wholly owned subsidiary of Victor Emanuel Nature Tours (VENT). Victor Emanuel Travel will be happy to make any domestic or international air travel arrangements from your home and return. Please feel free to call the VENT office to confirm your air arrangements. Please be sure to check with the VENT office prior to purchasing your air ticket to confirm that the tour is sufficiently subscribed to operate. VENT cannot be responsible for any air ticket penalties.

BAGGAGE: The airlines now strictly enforce baggage regulations. Excess baggage charges, which can be substantial, are the personal responsibility of each participant. As a precaution against lost luggage, we suggest that you pack a change of clothes, essential toiletries, medications, a change of clothing, important travel documents, optics, and any other essential items in your carry-on bag.

Due to ever-changing circumstances in the government’s attempts to improve airport security we recommend that you check the websites of your airline and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) for the most updated information regarding checked baggage and carry-on items: http://www.tsa.gov/.

CLIMATE & WEATHER: May is one of the better months to travel in Greece. The hot days that characterize the Mediterranean summer have usually not yet appeared in force while a late cold front, though possible, is unlikely. Our time will be spent at a variety of inland and coastal locations ranging from sea level to a little over 1,000 feet. Northern Greece is usually cooler and wetter than the southern half of the country. Daytime temperatures could reach into the middle 80s (°F). Along the coast sea-breezes have a cooling effect and keep the temperatures about 5–10 degrees cooler than in the interior regions. Night and morning temperatures may drop to the mid-50s. Overall, participants should be prepared for cool mornings, warm-to-very warm days, and cool evenings. Precipitation in the form of rain, related to a very late cold front, is certainly possible but not expected. Finally, we emphasize that the above description of expected conditions refers to historical norms. The effects of Northern Greece, Page 19 climate change are being felt noticeably across Europe, the consequences of which are that abnormal weather events are now documented with regularity almost everywhere. Participants should come prepared for a variety of unexpected conditions including cold, steady rain and excessive heat.

CLOTHING: As this trip combines birding with interpretive walking tours, you will want to pack a mix of clothing that prepares you for all activities. The following items are recommended: • Pants and shorts: A couple pairs of pants are recommended. Many people prefer lightweight pants made of cotton or other material, but denim, though not as comfortable, is certainly acceptable. Some people may also prefer a pair of shorts for warmer days of the trip. • Field Clothing: Outdoor stores such as Cabela’s and REI carry field clothing that many birders find appealing. Pants and shirts made of lightweight, yet durable materials with multiple pockets and ventilated seams are popular and more reasonably priced than in the past. • Shirts: Several t-shirts, (long and short-sleeved), in addition to other comfortable styles suitable for warm weather. • Bathing Suit: At least two of the hotels on our tour route have swimming pools. • Hat: A hat for protection from the sun is essential. • Warm weather attire: Generally, warm weather is expected on this trip, but a sweater or light coat will come in handy on some mornings and evenings. A waterproof jacket is recommended in case we experience rain.

FOOTWEAR: A lightweight hiking boot or trail shoe for birding outings and when walking in archaeological sites; you may also prefer sandals and/or athletic shoes for our walking tour of Thessaloniki.

LAUNDRY SERVICE: Laundry service will be available for an extra charge at some of the hotels where we stay; however, the service should be requested only at those places where we will spend more than one night.

CONDITIONS: Your trip to Northern Greece combines birding activities with exposure to some of the region’s historical and culture features. Most days will be dedicated to birding and natural history pursuits amid Greece’s highly varied landscapes; however, the program’s historical/cultural component includes half-day tours of Meteora and Pella, and a half-day sightseeing tour of Thessaloniki with an option to spend an additional afternoon in the city. For our historical and cultural activities, we will be joined by licensed local guides who will provide expert interpretation. Overall, the balance of birding to historical and cultural pursuits will be about 70%–30%. At times the emphasis could be on either birding or history while at other times the circumstances of the moment will incorporate elements of both. Anyone considering participation should strongly consider these points before registering.

Physical demands will be easy to moderately strenuous. Please bear in mind that our guided tours will involve a moderate amount of walking and standing. In particular, there may be opportunities to visit one or more of the monasteries at Meteora, which could require ascending and descending of long flights of stairs. We emphasize that no one will be subjected to physical demands that exceed their capabilities. All walking will be done at a slow pace.

Most days will begin at a “reasonable” hour, with breakfast available at 7 or 7:30 a.m. On most days, we will be in the field by 8:00–8:30 a.m. There will be opportunities for mid-day breaks on some days, but certainly not on all. Our return time to our accommodations at the end of each day will depend on our scheduled activities, varying from 4:30–6:00 p.m. We will always try to allow for an hour in the hotel each night before dinner.

EQUIPMENT: One of the most important aspects of having an enjoyable travel experience is being prepared with proper equipment. The following items will come in handy during your trip to Northern Greece: • Backpack – good for carrying extra clothing, field guides, supplies, and optical equipment during all excursions. • Notebooks and pens Northern Greece, Page 20

• Travel alarm clock • Polarized sunglasses with good UV protection • Sunscreen, lip balm, skin lotions • Personal toiletries • Cameras, lenses, memory cards, and extra batteries • Collapsible walking stick – a highly recommended item for those who have trouble walking. • Folding stool – a recommended item for those who have trouble standing for more than 10 or 15 minutes at a time, particularly on walking tours. The typical folding stool is small, lightweight and portable, consisting of three aluminum legs connected by a central bolt, with a sturdy but pliable material seat. • Tissue packs

BINOCULARS & SPOTTING SCOPES:

Binoculars – We strongly recommend good binoculars of either 7x42, 8x32, 8x42, 8.5x42 or 10x42, magnification. We recommend that you do NOT bring mini-binoculars of any kind. Some people like “minis” because they are small and lightweight, but they have an extremely small field of view and very poor light- gathering power. Trying to find a bird in your binoculars using minis is like trying to read a book through a keyhole. You will be very frustrated, and even if you do manage to get the bird in your binoculars before it flies, you will have a poor view. You will find that 7x, 8x, or 10x binoculars are compact and light enough.

Spotting Scopes – Your tour leaders will have scopes available for group use throughout the trip, but if you have one and wish to bring it, please feel free to do so.

TRAVEL DOCUMENTS:

PASSPORTS - A valid passport is required for United States citizens to enter Greece and all European nations. Please check the expiration date on your passport. If it is not valid for at least six months after your trip return date, you will need to get it renewed. You will also want to make sure that you have at least two blank pages in your passport for stamps.

If you need a passport, you should get it well in advance of your trip departure date. For additional fees, a passport can be issued on an expedited basis. In the United States this can be done at the nearest passport office, most post offices, or the county clerk’s office. You may also visit www.state.gove/travel/ for information on how to get or renew a passport.

As a safety measure, photocopy the first two pages of your passport. Keep the photocopies in a safe place, so if your passport is lost you will have proof of identification. Your passport should be signed and easily available at all times. You will need it for check-in at the airport on your first day of departure, so do not pack it in your checked luggage.

VISAS - Citizens of the United States and Canada do not need to obtain a tourist visa to enter Greece. Rules and regulations pertaining to non-U.S. and Canadian citizens may vary; please check with the consulates or embassy of Greece.

CURRENCY & MONEY MATTERS: Your trip to Greece includes most necessary expenses. You will want to bring enough cash to cover personal expenses not included in the program, such as taxi rides, gifts, laundry, gratuities, meals on your own, and personal items. It is best to carry small denominations of cash as any places we visit may be unable to provide change for large bills. While U.S. dollars may be accepted in more populous areas, it is always convenient to have a supply of local currency for such items. It is best to acquire local currency before leaving home, or at the airport or a bank upon arrival in Athens.

Northern Greece, Page 21 Should you extend your vacation beyond what is offered in the program, you’ll want to obtain local currency. Please check with your bank and credit card issuer for more information regarding banking and the use of ATM and credit cards overseas.

The official currency of Greece is the Euro (EUR). You can check the latest currency conversion rate by visiting “XE-The World’s Favorite Currency Site” at: http://www.xe.com/.

ELECTRICITY: The electrical current in Greece is 230V (110-120V in the U.S.). Electrical outlets are primarily of the C and F socket types, The C plug, also known as the Euro-plug, features two round pins on a horizontal plane set in a rectangular plug; the “F” plug, also known as the Schuko-plug, is similar to the C plug but features two round pins set in a round plug, the sides of which are grooved to fit more tightly into the socket. You will need to bring types C or F plug adapters in order to use your American style device or appliance (designed with A and B plugs).

Since 1995, most small appliances (cell phones, laptop computers, camera battery chargers) are dual-designed to operate on North American (110V) and European (220V) electrical voltages. However, because Greece operates on 230V, you will need to bring a transformer to convert the higher voltage to lower voltage. Even if you prefer to bring a transformer, an important point to consider is that the level of Hertz (cycles per second that the current runs; abbreviated as Hz) is 50Hz in Greece, as opposed to 60 Hz in the U.S., which means that the transformer only converts voltage and not Hertz. Most small appliances have a built-in power pack that converts AC current to DC, which removes the problem of different Hertz levels. If there is any question about the ability of your electrical device or appliance to handle the higher voltage and lower Hertz cycle of Greece electrical current, we recommend a special transformer or power pack that can accommodate these unique conditions.

INTERNET: WiFi is available at all hotels.

LANGUAGE: Greek is the official language of Greece. English is spoken widely but not necessarily commonly. English is most likely to be spoken at hotels and in larger cities.

TIME: Greece is on Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) and is 7 hours ahead of Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).

HEALTH: As of this writing (July 2020), no major shots or inoculations are required for entry into Greece; however, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends vaccination against a variety of preventable diseases, including the so-called Routine Vaccinations (if you are not up-to-date), which are measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine; diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) vaccine; and poliovirus vaccine (boosters for adult travelers who have received a primary series with either inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) or oral polio vaccine (OPV); they should receive another dose of IPV before departure). You should also be up- to-date with your Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B vaccinations.

If you are taking personal medication, prescription or over-the-counter, be sure to bring an ample supply that will allow you to get through the trip safely. Please consult your physician as necessary. Remember to pack all medication in your carry-on baggage, preferably in original containers or packaging. As airline baggage restrictions can change without warning, please check with your airline for procedures for packing medication.

Sun Exposure – The sun’s ultraviolet rays are dangerous under prolonged exposure (sometimes only a matter of minutes). Anytime you are outdoors you will want to protect your skin, including your lips, eyes, nose, and ears. A severe sunburn is potentially very painful and will affect your level of enjoyment. Please be sure to bring an ample supply of high SPF sunscreen and lip balm. We strongly recommend the use of ultra-violet blocking, polarized sunglasses.

Northern Greece, Page 22 In addition to your physician, a good source of general health information for travelers is the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, which operates a 24-hour recorded Travelers’ Information Line (800) CDC-INFO (800-232-4636). You can check the CDC website at wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel. Canadian citizens should check the website of the Public Health Agency of Canada: www.canada.ca/en/public-health.html (click on Travel Health).

SUGGESTED READING: A number of traditional booksellers and online stores list excellent inventories of field guides and other natural history resources that will help prepare you for this tour. We recommend www.amazon.com which has a wide selection; www.buteobooks.com and www.nhbs.com which specialize in ornithology and natural history books; and www.abebooks.com for out-of-print and hard-to-find titles.

Birds Mullarney, Killian and Lars Svensson and Dan Zetterstrom. Birds of Europe. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press; Princeton, NJ, 2009. Second edition. This is the most important natural history book for this trip. It is probably the best all-around field guide to the birds of Europe.

History, Philosophy & Culture Ancient Greece is a subject widely written about. A great many books have been published addressing that country’s illustrious history; theatre, art, and architecture; philosophy and culture; and wars. Although a person could research the topic indefinitely, the following list highlights some of the best material available for preparing oneself for this program.

Cahill, Thomas. Sailing the Wine Dark Sea: Why the Matter. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group: New York, NY, 2004. An outstanding book that chronicles the contribution of the ancient Greeks, as it relates to modern civilization, to the development of politics, thought, warfare, and civilization. An excellent overview of ancient Greece.

Martin, Thomas R. and Christopher W. Blackwell. Alexander the Great: The Story of an Ancient Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012. An excellent and concise exploration of the life of one of history’s larger-than-life figures.

TIPPING: Tipping (restaurant staff, porters, drivers, local guides) is included on VENT tours. However, if you feel one or both of your VENT leaders or any local guides have given you exceptional service, it is entirely appropriate to tip. We emphasize that tips are not expected and are entirely optional. Tips should be given directly to your tour leader; they should not be sent to the VENT office.

RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT: Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, Inc., a Texas corporation, and/or its agents (together, “VENT”) act only as agents for the participant in regard to travel, whether by railroad, motorcar, motorcoach, boat, or airplane and assume no liability for injury, damage, loss, accident, delay, or irregularity which may be occasioned either by reason of defect in any vehicle or for any reason whatsoever, or through the acts or default of any company or person engaged in conveying the participant or in carrying out the arrangements of the tour. VENT accepts no responsibility for losses or additional expenses due to delay or changes in airfare or other services, sickness, weather, strike, war, quarantine, terrorism, or other causes. All such losses or expenses will be borne by the participant, as tour rates only provide for arrangements for the time stated.

VENT reserves the right (i) to substitute hotels of similar category, or the best reasonable substitution available under the circumstances, for those indicated and (ii) to make any changes in the itinerary that are deemed necessary by VENT or which are caused by third party transportation schedules (i.e. railroad, motorcar, motorcoach, boat, airplane, etc.).

VENT reserves the right to substitute leaders or guides on any tour. Where VENT, in its sole discretion, determines such substitution is necessary, it will notify tour participants.

Northern Greece, Page 23 VENT reserves the right to cancel any tour prior to departure. If VENT cancels a tour prior to departure without cause or good reason, VENT will provide the participant a full refund, which will constitute full settlement to the participant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, VENT will not provide any participant with a refund and will not be liable or responsible to any participant, nor be deemed to have defaulted under or breached any applicable agreement, for any failure or delay in fulfilling or performing any term of such agreement, when and to the extent such failure or delay is caused by or results from acts beyond VENT’s control, including, without limitation, the following force majeure events: (a) acts of God; (b) flood, fire, earthquake, hurricane, epidemic, pandemic or explosion; (c) war, invasion, hostilities (whether war is declared or not), terrorist threats or acts, riot or other civil unrest; (d) government order, law or actions; (e) embargoes or blockades in effect on or after the date of the scheduled tour; (f) national or regional emergency; (g) strikes, labor stoppages, labor slowdowns or other industrial disturbances; (h) shortage of adequate power or transportation facilities; and (i) any other similar events or circumstances beyond the control of VENT.

If a participant cancels any tour or any portion of a tour, VENT will have no obligation to refund or reimburse any participant for any tour payments or deposits previously paid by any participant (see VENT Registration & Deposit policy and Cancellation & Refunds policy contained in the itinerary). Tour prices are based on tariffs and exchange rates in effect on November 4, 2020 and are subject to adjustment in the event of any change thereto.

VENT reserves the right to decline any participant’s Registration Form and/or refuse to allow any participant to participate in a tour as VENT deems reasonably necessary, in its sole discretion. VENT also reserves the right to remove any tour participant from any portion of a tour as VENT deems necessary, in its sole discretion, reasons for such removal include but are not limited to, medical needs, injury, illness, inability to meet physical demands of a tour, personality conflict or situations in which such removal is otherwise in the best interest of the tour, the tour group and/or such participant. If a participant is removed from a tour, such participant will be responsible for any expenses associated with such removal, including but not limited to, transportation, lodging, airfare and meals, and VENT will have no obligation to refund or reimburse any such removed participant for any tour payments or deposits previously paid by such participant.

Baggage is carried at the participant’s risk entirely. No airline company, its employees, agents and/or affiliates (the “Airline”) is to be held responsible for any act, omission, or event during the time participants are not on board the Airline’s aircraft. The participant ticket in use by any Airline, when issued, will constitute the sole contract between the Airline and the purchaser of the tickets and/or the participant. The services of any I.A.T.A.N. carrier may be used for VENT tours, and transportation within the United States may be provided by any member carrier of the Airlines Reporting Corporation.

Rev: 07/04/20 – BL PNP: 07/06/20 – GL P: 11/18/20 – GL