This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. USAMassachusetts, Holdsworth Way, Amherst, 7 Norwich, UK 6 UK 5 Berlin,Humboldt-Universität zuBerlin, Germany FisheriesInland &DivisionFisheries ofIntegrative Management, Faculty of LifeSciences, 4 Cramérgatan Sweden 3,Visby,Gotland, 3 2 andInterdisciplinaryEnvironmental Canada Sciences,Carleton Ottawa, University, Ontario, 1 LENNOX |

AcceptedDepartment ofEnvironmental of Conservation,University Massachusetts Amherst, 160 EnvironmentalSchool ofSciences, University of East Park, Anglia,Norwich Research forCentre Science,Environment, Fisheries &Aquaculture PakefieldRoad,Lowestoft, Suffolk, Department ofFreshwater ofBiology andEcology ofFishes, Leibniz-Institute ArticleNatural Sustainable Resourcesand Development, Campus UppsalaUniversity, Gotland, USAMassechussetts, Rd,Fish Mission,11Kingman Amherst, PhysiologyFish Ecology andConservation Laboratory,Department and ofBiology Institute of D. BOWER

Searching forresponsiblerecreationalSearching andsustainable fisheries intheAnthropocene STEVEN J.COOKE

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. populations face threats fromand stressors including harvest sectors other populations sectorand the inbehavioursengage responsible that bothcontributeto long Accepted fisheries recreational conducted in amanner is that catch 220 andmafreshwater that fisheries rodandRecreational use reel ( ABSTRACT supported( andTarponalso Trust byBonefish byNSERCS.J.C. issupported andthe ArticleFunding information Email: Canada andInterdisciplinaryEnvironmental Sciences,Carleton Ottawa, University, ON,K1S5B6, Fish Ecology andConservat Correspondence

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The motivations forfishingvaryextensively are wellare . Yet, recreational fisheries do not inavacuum;operate fish ion Physiology Laboratory, Department Laboratory, ion Physiology Instituteof and ofBiology both - oriented, thereis

- managed responsible and sustainable Canada Research ChairsProgram.Canada Research S.J.C.andA.J.D. are i.e where ., angling) operate aroundtheglobein diverse www.bonefishtarpontrust.org strong strong

anglers potential for recrea , the angling industry - term of sustainability . T here here manyare examples ;

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and fish managers at least at of

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 1 | Accepted angling, KEYWORDS effects ofrecreat toface increasing pressure cease is conservation and theirsuch that if actions are participants is relatively Article study case situated in recreational fisherieswithout (either becauseoffailures related to achieving contextcultural of concepts emanating thesector from ( outside addressing having fisheriesandrecreational many indeed and ecosystems fishpopulations wild aquatic depend environmental change whether INTRODUCTION responsible responsible and sustainable ethics, R&S

, this will bethis will achieved

or at lobbyingor at least forincreased awareness about the threats torecreationalfisheries R&S

. fish welfare,recreationalfishing, fisheries ional fishing Next

serve serve as amajor for force goodinthe in tersect in recreationalthe fishing , Uttarakahand , a we explore the role ofthe we exploretherole angler

.

small defin We responsible,

extend this idea furtherbyconsidering consequences this the ofextend afuture and , ing characteristicof recreational recreational ,

, or ifto will occur the point failure

as aresultofexternal environmental threats, the environmental emerging concerns welfare ethical aboutthe ofangled fish.

( , India e.g R&S ., climate change)

they havethey potential the to ) . recreational Unlike other fisheries sectors whereUnlike otherfisheriessectors the nu angl ing responsible responsible and

the Anthropocenethe participants sector fisheries , Anthropocene . angling industry Here

in an increasinglycomplex socio ,

we are numerousare whilst sustainable fish R be akey for voice first first that

& . . We thatthefuture of argue , S

What remains tobeseen

where possible consider ) recreational fisheries

and and explore a pertinent decision and widespread how the eries mber of

- ,

makers

s -

on ,

in This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. environmental degradation (Cooke evolution ( 20 Acceptedsimilarities betweenrecreational and commer terms compared angling type gear is reel rod and with hookandline focusis thusthe paper ( ofthis reel rod and fisheriesAlthough recreational can andareneeds notgenerallyor sold traded otherwise or onexport,domestic markets black (m fishingrecreational from fishing subsistence and commercial Article communities coastal livelihoods world (World Bank not are released) alsocontributes that nutritionto personal that fishingrecreational depthsthe of theAmazon freshwater lakescovered of to northern Finland of the flatshabitats coastal Seychellesthe operate fisheries indiverseRecreational aquatic 06) ainly fish) that do not constitute thatdonotconstitute fish) theainly individual'smeet primary resourceto basicnutritional

it . is Fisheries collapseFisheries from resulting (Post overharvest Recreational fisheries are fisheries comparativelyRecreational oftenconsidered

and recreationalangler the a

leisure activityleisure Jørgensen

(Smith ; Arlinghaus . Recreational with et al et

, 20 are diverse are (Fedler .

et al other more harvest T he FAO 12) ., 20 &

( ., 20 B . i.e

Cooke 05) In developing countries recreational can fishing rural support asin tothe asin ., isit conducted largely “forfun” 07 fishing , for example (2012) (2012) ) , incidental fishing mortality (Coggins , 20 ) & Cowx, . use

0

is also big is also business

Great BarrierGreat Reef 9 definition clearly ofrecreationalfishing differentiates & a variety ofgeartypes ( ) depending onjurisdictionalregulations, the dominant -

oriented (Cooke Ditton ,

20 cial fisheries cial (Cooke by 06) are 06) are largely considered consequences of tobe , 19 ecosystems globe the around bringing bringing et al et fisheries fisheries 94) ., 20 , but what unites all, butwhatunites . , angling tourism 17)

et et al The motivations forparticipation in creating sectors, butthere are as

in some instances ( in some instances ; Pitcher and; Pitcher Hollingworth ., 20 e.g ,

“

less fishing of animals aquatic . & , spear, gillnet, trap, speargun, 02), fisheries thousands of jobs across thethousands ofjobsacross

Cowx harmful et al et income into deprived income deprived into , 20 recreational fishers is recreational ., 20 ;

in ecological in ecological from ice the i.e 06; Lewin - also induced 07) i.e ., recreational ., when fish

and many , 20 , ” et al et

- . from 02 ., )

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. al mustfisheries managed be a productivity within constraint spaceto (largelyduetosocioeasily threats addressing external to recreational fisheries 2018 invasivespecies change, non fisheries recreational fisheriesdo inavacuumrecreational not operate 2016) ( science conservation invariousways ascollecti such research, fundingof Hyder Bank communities well socio important and regulations 20 commercial fisheries

AcceptedBate Article ., 20 06) - - fishing related ) being , 20 - , 20 , aswell asotherfisheries sectors . economic fisheries ofrecreational benefits 17). require et al et However, most fisheries are managed recreational actively

The many that services canbederived ecosystem from such diary program as angler 12, 01, , forgingconnections between humansandnature,supporting livelihoods and Indeed, ashumans ) ., 20

and are Armstrong Granek and

that that numerous ecosystem services 17 generating billions ofeconomic dollars , 20 recreational anthropogenic disturbances, suchas

typically typically et alet , yet these are are 18 et al )

and based . ., 20 Th - political or economic constraints ., is pollution(Dudgeon 08 considered sustainable increasingly increasingly

20 ,

fisheries

human have be all are ; Florisson 13;

in verystrongly part pervasively and Hughes me - nature connection promotesnature connection .

s be Thus, sust )

en

and dominate conducted in a mannerthatis sustainable et al

, 20

( documented recreationalfisheries in Arlinghaus serving as advocatesforenvironmental as protectionserving ., 20 14; et al et can and ainable recreational fisheries depend on

and Tufts 18

the

(at the level) population include ., 20 the fishthe andfish uponwhich habitat ) . if these threats cannot ameliorated be

water abstraction, hydropower,climate planet (

& Cooke, 06; et alet benefit ;

improvements to psychological improvements topsychological Costello Costello Cowx ., 20 fish populations fish Röckstrom ng andsharing

( 1 e.g anglers 20 ( 5 operate safely et al et Parkkila ; Griffiths ., harvest through 0 et alet 9

) ., 20 influenced by . For example, t ., 20 to et al et 10), recreational

et al while contribute to

10 (Lynch et al et ., 20

data (citizen

; Reid ., 20

(Lewin (Carpenter (Carpenter generat ., 20 . 14 Yet, 04, World04, ), it ), it is a range of a range et alet 17 et al et he et al et also also ; ing ., . , et

., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. some commerc Acceptedeffects aresultsustainability (as of cases catch(especially some (Balon regions 20 threatis a tofew the placesstillconsideredwilderness (ArlinghausSchwab & “ This disconnection natureto a Articlein recreationalfueled fishing bymore dispos becomecountries andeconomically more developed social (Elmergood Anthropocene suchasand howactivities recreational fishing Anthropocene ( 2015 and(Crutzen Stoermer now widely thatentered accepted wehave a newgeologic epoch fishing for 14) ) but there areincreasing calls ) but whatto consider canbedonetoachieve a“good” . - jurisdictions have

cultural changesafoot threaten that thefuture ofrecreational fisheries Strong welfare or from other stressorsfromother Beyond theobviousstate of environmental areother change,there ial ial sector) - been banned disconnected fun iscruel Dalby, 2016

and .

may contribute to a and , 20

release) , 20

to individual ethical future concerns, the ofrecreational fishing 00 ( populace conservation Berg 00) ;

or ). Moving forward et alet the effectsthe Arlinghaus , . TheAnthropocene hasinherentlynegative connotations ( sectors), perceived the value low (compared ofthesector are & Rösch, ., 20

considered by considered some as (Arlinghaus 17) fish” -

oriented from the growing anti et al et . 19

(Arlinghaus 98 ., 20 able income such eventually development yet leads ;

interface of withthe concept toachieve a trying

, Arlinghaus et et al beliefs have

recreational fisheries recreational fisheries there w there 12 ) such that ) such ., 20 - - fishing movement tothe that related belief wealthy there et alet ill certainly bestruggles todetermine if 02; FAO socially unacceptablesocially , 20

., 20 become ado 06 some of forms 12) and thatrecreationalfishing 12) and , 20 , , 20

c alled tends tobe 07 12 sector anddue itself to ) ; Arlinghaus ; Arlinghaus . t Due to minant viewpoint in minant viewpointin he Anthropocene is being in is being challenged geo . recreational recreational For example, , 20 -

political and

an initial increase and

issues relatedto 11 in some et al et ;

de Leeuw with ., 20 Corlett, angling as

15 the the , ) .

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. fishing to cease orachieved, will iffailure occurto the whererecreational point fisheries fac forkey voice conservation responsible relatively broadly and notchange forstewards just fisheries are not constraints on recreational fisheries ongoing ( byconsidering the further fishingrecreational realm increasingly complex inan socio considerfirst howtheconceptsof an emphasis onresponsibility (commercial) (Pauly fisheries decades underway Anthropoce fisherirecreational

Accepted for example whentheactivityis banned incertain areasofconservation concern Article

In this paper In this weargue and

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case studysituated in sensu the concept ofsustainabilitythe concept at hasbeen forethe as aresultofexternal environmental threats, environmentalthe effects ofrecreational

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emerging ethical emerging abouttheconcerns ethical fish. welfare ofangled ne they have the potential they thepotential have to forgoodbe amajor force ,

FAO whe , responsible recreational ng et al et n , 20

there aremany is necessary ., 20 12) consequences ofa in . 07) . Unlike Unlike fisheriessectors other

anglers arenumerous We bydiscussing the role conclude , the Anthropocenethe

et alet that responsible participation involvedwith from actors all Uttarakahand the the responsibility of anglers

that have potential the toundermine R&S

responsibility and sustainability to achieve ., 20 ,

but other other

recreational fisheries recreational 02)

rather rather to . environmental stressors andcomplex Here , India

hypothetical sustainability . , What remainsthisbe beseen will to isif

outline what is atstake outline whatis when recreational we extend theideaofsustainabilitywe extend to include . and widespread Our aims are by no means to advocate bynomeansto Our aimsare front

future without fisheries recreational in which . , ind - , This is particularlyThis is acutein the cultural context

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. actors other system.in the atdirected theresponsibility of each an participant, be it angler,company, manager or any or management actionsbydecision mak Acceptedin recreationalcollective fisheriesacts responsibly,the behavioural outcome by proper assisted how2001) and caneach fishery,accounting sociogiven culturaland forlocal isto fishery ask for aquatic environments (Knuthand Siemer, 2007).Per framework stewardship based ofaquatic thatis moral andtakeon the tocare obligation action to.Ourdefinitiontailors aligns ofresponsibility with closely action the lesssoat individual2017) and the of contribution angler each from directed becauseitis definitionofsustainable the atsystem (Arlinghaus outcomes emphas Article (Arlinghaus, 2017).TheOxfordincludes “obligation” Dictionary its of in definition responsible, world specificGerman termthere is a speaking torepresent this view, that th becauseacknowledging that the intrinsic value ofbiodiversitymay resonatewith not all actors ecologicalwhile respecting constraints theintrinsic value and of biodiversity. are benefits maximi involvedare insupporting thesector andpromoting inthiscase) (recreational toensure that purpose paperFor the we ofthis 2 | ON RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES ON RESPONSIBLE is ideaextendedbe to couldbe aboutresponsibilit is ing that ing that there is ,

“w s hat aresocialhat the and biophysical conditions or desired appropriate for a ed (beyond the individual) in the anethicallyed (beyond manner andsocially appropriate individual contributeindividual to goal?Putthat differently a personal obligation a personal tobehaveina similar manner

define fisherytobeonewherethe fisheriesactors a responsible ers

will achieve sustainable outcomes. Ourcontri - economic interests”(McCool haps another wayhaps aresponsibleanother toview y generations ofanglers.to future ,

which responsibility which responsibility a Waidgerechtigkeit - oriented normative ,

when each participant ,

an elementmissing We this further by & Lime, s aconcept bution is bution et al et

In the .,

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. regulationsdesigning that promote environmentallyconscious behaviours from anglers. gain policy mannerin a maintains that welfarestatus) their behaviourthe oftheir environmentally can relate to the 2017 healthy aquatic ecosystems environmental conscienceaboutwhen, where benefits ( decisionindustry, actual offishingbeyond the act resources management ofthelivingaquatic todoso obligation resources should aquatic conserve supporting and promoting sector.The the FAO recreationalIn the sector, notion the of responsibi 3 |

Acceptede Article . g RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF RECREATIONAL INTHECONTEXTOF RESPONSIBILITY FISHERIES , . harvesting fewer fish ( ,

e.g - 2018; Trushenski makers canmean thatpromote making long decisions of thei fishery ., habitat restoration

- behaviour of friendly tackle), guides and outfitters friendly guides outfitters tackle), and ( - m

in a responsible in a m akers). clients) n future. the et al et , puttingtime knowledge into

and the continued provision continued ofecosystemand the Danylchuk services; Acting responsibly may animmediate entail short ., 2010 v

companies and . stocking that influences stocking that sustainability influences the ofwild stocks) but includes collective actionsthe individuals of (anglers,

fishing media ( ecosystems ; For anglers this meanFor anglers can increasing

FAO, 2012 anner so as to ensure effective toensure soas conservationanner and

( e.g . Albeit the notion of responsibility ., moreattempts andmarket develop to

and and that and that t . (2012) (2012)

; Responsibility form

Arling e.g lity in how tofishmorebroadly and tosupport ., showing fishingcelebritieshandlingfish states that cludes all actions contributethat to e.g haus he right fishcarries with to it the acquisition ., using platform their shape tohelp - et al et term use rather than shortterm than userather users of living users ofliving aquatic ., 2017) ) , to supportcontinued anagement agencies anagement

personal .

Industry Industry responsibility - term sacrifice extends well

awareness awareness and

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te

and and rm et al et ., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. speciestarget come scrutiny has under for fishery ignoring definition withHowever, its focuson this restricted the from stocktaken given significantly a without compromising (Ricker futureharvests Accepted yield commercial fishing operations remain sustainablebynotexceeding the maximum sustainable (NRC forecloseeconomic) ecological associated changes that without fishing future opportunities carriedcan be the outin long The term sustainable is generallyusedinthe context offisheries todescribe fishing activities that 4 | Article anglingcommunity.recreational ofthispaperbut scope represents animportan (Arlinghaus, ofwhat it 2005).Thenormative aspects meansisbeyond the toberesponsible much there is known that conflict) heterogeneity(and within the recreationalcommunity fishing maythere bevastly harvestrural, andnon oriented anglers all time, popularity, are or profits, they behavioursAlthough responsible may someform entail ofimmediate sa ON SUSTAINAB ( , 19 MSY We acknowledge the We the assumptionhowimplicit acknowledge in wehaveframed concept this

98) (young inBrazil andold, Alaska,and in male andfemale, urbanand rich and poor, ;

. FAO Traditional management fisheries that hasgenerally focused on ensuring , 20

different visions oft LE FISHERIES LE 14), 14), i.e. - , the , the theoretically largest yield (orcatch)that continuoucan be term at - consumptive,

critical toachieve critical sustainabilityin recreational fisheries. an acceptableof (biological level productivity

he collective behavioural outcomecollective etc t area offurther anddiscussionwithin thedebate ) want the samewant the reality the whereas is thing biomass – ecosy harvest of ofasmall number stem interactions (Hilborn crifice either crifice either through lost .

Indeed, it is well is it Indeed, , social , 19 , i.e 75) .,

t and . hat sly that et et

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Ditton including Accepted accessible to andshouldaccommodate people complex the motivations people that fish have to recreational dimension (social to anglers ofand sustainability) economic the benefits associated with broader ecosystem Sustainability inrecreational fisheries 5 | perspectives andcompeting management for objectives conversation beyon Article20 both significant andnumerous,extending beyondeffects direct to or fisheries sustainability is notoften calledintoquestionbygovernments,management agencies to next generation the productivity, biological or diversity, ecosystem structureandfunctioning from onehuman activities that cause donot leadto or undesirable inthechanges biological andeconomic Johnston fisheries al ., 20

02 communities, recreational fishing SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF RECREATIONAL INTHECONTEXTSUSTAINABILITY FISHERIES , Lewin 03 , 19 , 20 that

et et al time interaction outdoors, withwildlife, 94).

fisheries fisheries 15) and for bearing for15) and little bearing for pertinence of assessingthesustainability recreational et al et center aroundmuchmore than catch andharvest (McPhee ., 20 The ., 20 10

motivations recreational of fishersare oftenmore complexthan that ofother (ecological dimension ofsustainability),(ecological the of fishing quality the experience d anarrativeofcommercial fishing ) participatio . ” 06

According According to theFAO (or simply ability to persist inthe the long run) ) . T hus, t n here is a currenthere isa broadenneed to sustainable the fisheries

(FAO interactions interactions with pertains not to pertains only the fisheries resource, but to the , 20 12) (2009) . Recreational fisheries should fisheries Recreational widely be

challenge, social motives , sustainable fisheries , sustainable fisheries

aquatic ecosystems potential the have tobe

(FAO fisheries fisheries resources , 20 12) the the catch

and to include and to include . While recreational et al . are are

target (McPheetarget or spor ., 20 defined as 02 t (Fedler t (Fedler ; FAO multiple

“ , 20 fishing et al et & 12; ,

., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. toand subject interpretation basedon one sustainability is Accepted and aquatic ecosystems depend We that the argue 6 | (anglers,actors industry, decision sustainability address 20 species introductions, trophic Article diverse than harvest (Cogginsmortality harvest(Cooke through sustainability of r 2000) sustai biological (Hunt tomaximiseek maxim ( sectors 02 ON ; Cooke , 20 so that the activityso that the cancontinue persist to in future the is R&S

the social, the economic e.g e the e the 05; Johnston . ,

commercial) that are commercial) thatare RECREATIONAL THE FISHERIES IN ANTHROPOCENE

& Cowx, is a systemsis a outcome level personal economicpersonal s

e benefit, e benefit, widely widely accepted as a vague term nability ecreational fisheriesecreational sustainability et alet

and include

et et al 20 ., 20 et al et (not unlike (not commercial the incentivessector where Greiner exist; 04 but thesebenefits are measured inmanymore dimensions harvest than ., 20 ; Lewin 07).

., 20 and perturbations s

10). of recreationalfisheries andindeedmany fishpopulations wild factors on having However, t 18) and indirectly discardor catch through biological aspectsbiological ofs benefit - makers) economically These s et al et is the is the exploitation such as s ., 20 that is on is dependent that responsibleactions

‟ derived s individual values, beliefs .

, habitat destruction responsible responsible ocial outcomes he issues surrounding recreational fisheriesaremore 06;

fisheries

driven andseekhigh driven Altieri Altieri and from the wordthe responsibleisequally

recreational fisheries fishing (Sethi fishing (Sethi ustainability

et al - of aquatic directlyresources both induced evolution,

must maintained be concurrently ., 20 .

The greatest threat tobiologicalThe greatest threat

and 12 ; pollution (McPhee , we must acknowledge that

Hyder

et et al and revenue ethical perspectives ., 20 - et alet

and bait harvesting, bait (Figure 1)

10). per unitper effort

- ., 20 release of Anglers Anglers individual individual 17 ambiguous ). . et al et The term To et al et ., also

with to .,

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. components ofsustainability, albeit those components may differ al depends onhavingan theirbenefitting bottomline industry ( intend to harvest eventandanotherrelease using boththat document responsibility ( to withthenotionofparticularly responsible salient being isthat individualanglersshould beable oftoday responsibilityanglers havea toconnectoftomorrow anglers with the mounting pressures Moreover, recreational fishingisembeddedincultureandfor that to continue face (in of the demands well wethink beyond that meetingsimply abiologically which recreational fisheries operate responsibility if we contribute to sustainabilityand interpretation, w (

Acceptedwww.youtube.com/watch?v=HoPTTVkL6s0 Danylchuk Article i.e ., 20 identify ., social and culturalnorms can 17) There isanincreasinglyThere complex economic,socio (

. e.g collectively work towards collectively worktowards recre These ethical behaviours directly with directly inherently actionsandknowthatthey are specific responsible et al et ., tackle manufacturers)., tackle

of the individual actorof individual the e believe that e believethat

., 20 by inserting aspike theinto hindbrain further to cease reflex action that 18) activity that is activity thatis asresponsible byviewed broader the public (Danylchuk

. humanssee disconnecting withnature Relatedly, two different anglers Relatedly, twodifferent anglers couldengagein different behaviours ,

but alsorecogn ; a

it it is clear Fehr the Japanese unifying ,

one handling afishthat is capturedso

( completed by actors individual . & where environmental responsibility viewedcan be as

Hunt

Fischbacher

characteristic of characteristic that ational fisheries thatational fisheries sustainable are et alet

is ike jime ike the ) ed athriving that recreational sector fishing . ., 20 The same forthe besaid can

recreational 13; Arlinghaus , 20

method 04 - ; responsible actions cultural

Ostrom to rapidly to rapidly fishing ; Soga based onbased individua

based management target , 20 and et alet will contribute to the social sector would served well be & 00 geo ., 20

kill Gaston

) it survives a catch . - Regardless Regardless of the political contextin

16 a fish that the recreational is thatthey through . ,

, 20 What is 20 17) 16

l beliefs

) and this and this

,

the the

fishing y

- . and . et et - This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Brownscombe practices that maximi Accepted aconservationstrategy(includinggrowing as voluntary employing fish release), angling quali the examplesvoluntary angler ofinstitutions, anglersself where towhichtypes, anglersmust choosetocomply often regulated formal through instit key roles asagentsofchange marine habitats andfreshwater (Cooke to dedicated catch are Anglers heterogeneousa broad, groupthatcan andmobile encompass wealthy Article7 | actors placing onres a greateremphasis R&S well extending beyond stock status)without responsiblebehaviours actions and Indeed, collective behavioursoffrom anglertothepolicy actorssurroundingafishery, the all Sustainability differs frominbeing responsibility asystems ANGLERS AS AGENTSANGLERS ASCHANGE OF

recreational fisheriesseems desirable both tobe and essentialin the Anthropocene

such as anglers

et al et it is impossible toa achieve fisherysustainable ( ty andsustainability of fishery the (Cooke ., 20 et al et 18)

and ., 20 . A diverse hostA diverse of targeted fish is species by s

in amore way meaningful andtangible e survival and e survival minimi release as well as release and as poor food 17) is increasingly17) is important in .

Moving towardmore environmental culture practice, ponsibility moving forward utions, placingrestrictionsonfish andfishinggear harvest s e fitness e fitness

. However, there are agrowingHowever, there number of et al et . In some cases R&S effects - insecure fishers that fishers harvest insecure catches ., 20 in the sense broadest oftheterm

recreational fisheries, recreational fisheries, anglers play - 13 - level outcome, onthe based

impose restrictions these toimprove there there is (

(Danylchuk (Danylchuk i.e ) .

and As ., best anglingpractices; anglers visitingmanyanglers different

, catch

management

these are practices potential to directly engage - and & Cooke, - release fishing is . Striving for . Fisheries are Fisheries fly fishers 20 - maker 11)

and by ,

.

.

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. considerable proportion acquireknowledgeof anglers ondependent forming promoting and aconservation sustainable fisheriesachieve withapositive Accepted 20 dynamics angler creel or through diaries, smartphone surveys, applications ( A. J. P. Morley, Hol including identifyingpotential conservation issues ( (Dean voicepowerful whentheyformashared with fisheriesandsurrounding recreational more broadly onnatural resources becomes particularly backs Article another ( desires only agents change behaviourof whenthe question positive in with aligns resource capture their as dam toimprove removals fish passage behaviours such aswasteclean (Tuftsrestoration alsofrequentlysocial serveresources, anglers asa forcefor environmental protection and Danylchuk angling best morepractices are commonlyimpl implemented but regulation, through 17).

Adams, - , 19 cormorant

Because angler attitudes Because anglerattitudes and behaviours cannot always our regulated, be abilityto and e.g 96) , 20 in other . proposed the cormorant cull inOntario . unpubl. data Anglers Anglers 17 der, L.P.Griffin,der, N - ; Danylchuk

cul et al et instances, ) . ., 20 can The influence of anglers The influenceofmanagement, anglers on legislation ) and providing) and valuable fisheries 15; Copeland also provide essentialalso information fisheriesmanagement, foreffective

et al et they maythey support the conservationatthe of onespecies of expense - ups, asadvocacy forlarge well scaleecosystem such changes ., 20 .

Young, A. J. Danylchuk,S.J.Cooke,R.Boucek,Aaron Young, A. J. owing 18 et al et . ) . However, With avested inthesustainabilityinterest of natural

to the diversity to the diversity and complexity offishing practices, effect ., 20

angling organi emented voluntarily (Cookeemented 17)

on environmental ishighly conservation J. W. D. Brownscombe,J.Hunt,A.Acosta, ; - there maybeinstances where . mi ww This caninclude pro of conservation nded angling culturended angling w.ofah.org/2008/04/federal - depend s ations

e and nt data onfishpopulation - minded angling practices clubs - environmental environmental

Venturelli et al et . and

For example, a and ., 20 policy

associations anglers - 13; Sims court et al et - are ., &

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. species the (Granek beyondspecies angling the community andincrease broader awareness surrounding ecological asknowledgekeepersact for and canshare resources fisheries ecologica Accepted considering recentgrowththe of anti and Relationships betweenanglers the non collaboration helping are foster tobetter theserelationships (Mannheim often distrustedpractitioners, newapproaches that respect these traditional barriersto conservationin applying practitionersand conservation alsoenable collaborative opportunities and fordeveloping movementsconservation (Danylchuk morebroadly of connectivityand scale angler through sustainability youth(Burgerincreasing opportunities Article delivered nudges best has yet to befully ananglingcontext(MacKay explored in make nudges ( major responsible behaviours ( sanctioning behaviours where individual anglers attempt guide to othersintoengaging in (Nguyen from peers through their in individual influence onangler behavioursinfluence (Bova Anglers can can engage Anglers membershelp other ofthecommunity throu e.g et et al ., behavioural . ., 20 Additionally, growingdigitalcommunitiesAdditionally, on social media increasing are level the - level level 12 et alet ; Danylchu via decisions more salient Guckian ., 20 itiatives (Schroeder -

other anglers, other the ormanagementindustry, authorities? based managementbased uses that - person interactions 08). k

et alet & Sims, - fishing movements (Arlinghaus ., 20 et alet out the topromoteout the world, providingopportunities 18 20 - angling are public especially also important, ., 20 ) to ) to compliance withincrease r al et ) 17; Danylchuk 17; et et al . , In general,perceivedsocial norms a oftenhave the internet 18) ., 20 ., 20

et al et which contributes of to socialaspects the 17). 18 subtle changesindirectsuggestion and to ) ., 20 . Althoughhistoricallyanglers have There mayThere possibilitytouse bea

et al and et al 18). Relationships between anglers ., 2018). through the angling theangling through industry ., 20 17 et alet ). This extend can to gh angling clubs et al et l information relatedtoa For example, are ., 20 egulations this but ., 20 12) 18) .

Anglers also Anglers .

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promotes resiliencyto ., 20 primarily , this 14). making that

and will require will a precautionary,

Recreational management fisheries et al et ; biological biological considerations. Arlinghaus to increase ., 2010). s ed on MSY -

et alet implications forimplications increases species approach and .,

external threats threats external to recreationalfisheries ( (2013 From a biological perspective,From biological a individual biomass et al et

consultation and , highlighting the importance ofpolicy

., 20 has been the dominant the has been approach he actions fisheries of managers arerestricted bythepolicies ) andnotnecessarily will 02)

biodiversity scales atall ofmeasure. etc .

Managers canachieveManagers by this Management long at geared .) that character adaptive consider the broaderconsider the thr will beachieved harvest harvest (Mace engagement fromgroups stakeholder various (whic

and is

multiple ecosystem h often includes activitiesh oftenincludes suchas habitat ation, abstraction water and transfer is e globalrecreationalfisheries (Bower

e recreational fisheries must account for the varied and c . g , 20 . , , as shown byJohnston , asshown

habitat restoration objectives objectives that avoid narrowlyavoid focu - 01). for based eats of fishing onthe

e.g commercial fisheries that - term be solutions will Importantly, afocus on - makers as makers as agents of . facilitating structed

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As suggested account for managers v . stocking). s sed et al omplex icipatory by

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. anglers recreational contribute to anunsustainable fishery. engagedsectors inrecreationalfisheries from anglers, that threats becauseactivity fisheriesdamaged havebeen directlyfrom from either sector or the external Failure ofrecreational fisheries will whenpeople arenoexist able longer into engage the 10 | i recreationalimportance ofquality fisheries and healthy aquatic ecosystems makers policy Nonetheless, vision overthelonger yields term. long Pascoe inflict short investments uncertain,can be institutionallack capacity investment 2003 change

Acceptednvestment Article WHAT DOES FAILURE LOOK LIKE? DOESWHAT FAILURE LOOK - ) term objectives but policy are considered, thatthis will stock increase sizes and sustainable .

is only , 20

To achieve sustainabilityTo achieve inrecreational fisheries, makers policy must ( e.g. 02 highlight thatoptimalsizes fleet are - - - face oriented policiesoriented whensupportmounts (Jacobs oriented , term a

likely when

landscape aquatic ecosystems. of mayresult This the irres be

consequences

do not policies - scale approach recreationalscale to fisheries management there there is bottom

acknowledge o

Given the relatively short relatively length ofGiven the terms, political a and governments that addresslong that

to poseselectoralrisk(Jacobscitizens that an On thesame r note, - verexploitation ofaverexploitation fish stock up pressurefromto accommodatefuture. voters the for - have a responsibility to have aresponsibility term benefits social (Jacobs

substantially reduced substantially reduced in short the industry, industry,

and ecreational fisheries will ecreational , 20 typically requireapolitician to 08). or

decision ponsible actionsfrom all

communicate the

when it occurswhen it , 20 -

and makers , 20 commit to ; 11). Lon

Lester support support

long 11). - also that that term when

- Mardle Mardle and et al term ger

and fail if - ., term This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Conservation andstewardship principles may bedamagednature that given favourable management researchscientific onfish, fishhabitat Accepted (www.billfish.org) & would that represents renewable a economic sector that tocontributes jobsecurity othersdissuade from polluting, otherwise or damaging poaching, aresource McClenechan and mobil areas;protected Hilborn fish and conservation Articleecosystems correspondingtheir environmental whatconsider aquaticecosystems like look the would in absence of anglersand include some levelof mortality release (Bartholomew withconservation.align evidenceover that fishpopulations were being damaged. perverse effects ofuni ofentitlementfeelings accordingly. tochangetheirbehaviours refuse Strong connectionsto

Tarpon Trust lose Recreational fisheries are fisheries extractive,Recreational as inherently eve is

. leading international organ e against threatse against could that Waterbodies without anglers would Waterbodies withoutanglers lose oftheprimaryandadvocatesfor one users

habitat (Bate , 20

(www.bonefishandtarpontrust.og) 1 , 20 3 that ). Anglers make ). Anglers contributions substantial to local economies or deter that confer ted on asadvocacy anglers fishforthe populations right tofish triumphed

01). that leadtothese negative outcomes. participate in

and et al et

Fish are protection toaquatic mammals, birds disseminate ., 20 04).

intercaction umbrella species

fundraising, fundraising, mobil

Anglers Anglers is and affect ations suchasTroutUnlimited R&S fisheries,

the

often support

through membership listsandpublications. is worthbenefits losing their toaquatic ir

ability ability fis to target and ‟ monitor

because on research & the the is

Bohnsack In this case,anglers‟ objectivesnotIn this did e Billfish like

McClenechan (2012) described (2012)described McClenechan conservation of shared resource the aquatic habitats aquatic n catch - minded

and

Foundation , 20 - h (Granek a invertebrates as well and

05). One should therefore 05). One therefore should

resource (www.tu.org) stakeholders -

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Without we anglers, based experiences (Organ (Organ , advocat

management of,

et al

can foster whether ., 20 et al , support , Bonefish e

for

08; ., 20 losing

( e.g 12) .

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. appreciationmahseer for after second froma famous visit Transworld the 20 andhaslevels less todowithwell the argument welfare the target ofindividual conservation fish, while target a justify conservation ( fisheries can conservationsupp provide fishing activityRecreational isnot synonymous action conservation with 11 | necessary undertaken to fail sustainability.will to achieve Similarly, bottom if ofthebroader that community (Guckian principlesunder of (Siemer with anglingmaysuch as youth assist responsibledecisionmakingandenvironmental literacy

Acceptede.g Article 15) and has15) and twosurges the experienced Britishoccupation inpopularity: first during ., throughlearning; experiential Jose FAILURE Recreational fisheries must fisheries Recreational potential acknowledge the for Recreational fishing inIndia Recreational & ban banner the ofconservation, under although philosophically speaking animal rights

framework

Knuth . This case study . Thiscase

mount ondecision pressure I N , 19 R&S P RACTICE: CASEOF UTTARAKHAND, THE INDIA 98 to sustain , 20 . If anglers fail. Ifanglers accountabilityto take ownfor their and fishingpractices Tor 01)

spp. is interesting for the factthat animal arguments rights usedto were .

aquatic

fishing (Pinder was - being fishes ofindividual (Arli ort resources

et alet et alet documented early asthe 12th century as (Gupta -

makers tostrengthen managementand in wherewithareas improvedconnections nature ., 20 . 2017) foster can F

18), & and ishing

Raghavan - recreational fishing they up approaches up approaches T eamin

will not , 20 interest andinterest for support

adverse effects 19 13;

be operating responsibly and 78 that to led renewed from nghaus Schwab,2011). & A. C. s the species the or habitat per se

will neverwill beachieved.

anglers Pinder Pinder . Yet,

and operate policy, the

are not et et al

recreational

and .,

unpubl. et alet a

.,

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. togranttheHigh CourtofUttarakhand attributable in part to the ActProtection ( AcceptedCourt decision toinclude catch encompassedwaters inprotectedareas banned waspreviously anational under banwas the clarifiedlater toapply to forest buffer protected zonesbetween area first the to be global example ofastate Cruelty to Animals A basis on the anglingconstituted that cruelty toanimals announcedabanon India, angling (both harvest andcatch Uttarakhand also. recreational Articlemah the around country in recent years,includinginUttarakhand endangeredgolden where the anditsRiver tributaries in stateof the Karnataka, thoughanglinghasbeen growingrapidly al et andreleaseofnativespecies catch of protectors river reaches as outfitters specifically conservationaquatic and catch data ) seer seer ., 20 . Since r then, On 15 15) Tor putitora

- . (Gupta support alternative support by livelihoods forpoachers fishing Until recently,Until

July Gov. India,

ecreational 20 - et alet as

ct ( ct 18, the Chief Conservator ofForests ChiefConservator 18, the (Hamilton 1822) - conservation model . 2016)

Gov. India, social andpoliticalclimate . Also, 1972)

most fishing activityinIndia recreational took placeonthe Cauvery fishing - - . and

and Recreational fishing . organ It is likelythat argumentthe for anglingasanimal cruelty - - release hasbeen promoted for release activitiesasbaitedhuntingunder the release 1960; as reported reported 1960; as

has been has been

- is collect is found(Everard AnimalKingdom wide anglingbanarisingfrom arguments, cruelty animal ations managing recreationalfishingactivity initiated onKarnataka

catch data sharewithresearchersthat (Pinderthey identified ,

is as well as

by Sharma,

and citing Section 11 of Section ofthePrevention and citing believed supportconservation to

& as apotentially valuable strategyfor the samethe ashumans rights , -

and Forestry Department ofUttarakhand,

employ Kataria -

release release activities) state across the a 4

could be in duplicated Tor 20

ing them , 20 July 18) spp. 11) 20 .

While initially thought . 18 decision bythe

conservation It washoped It that the to act as guides and and asguides to act , 20 s. Angling in s. Angling

Indian 09 Supreme

( Upadhyay promote

Wildlife

in India was , This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. 12 | Accepted moremuch issues sothan related to sustainability example emphas unsustainable from perspective andmay anangler positive forceforgenuinely conservation. 20 philosophicalcultural, aloneof animal physiology perspectives, becomes it not essential to participatoryin a approach; Arlinghaus Article20 a viewed fromscience interdisciplinary ( Yet, Uttarakhand lacking banas inevidence an anthropomorphicexperience ofpain(Browman animal hasnowbeenset. cruelty oforHowever, regardless intent convenience, the precedent basedfor abanonangling on 2 0 12) transdisciplinary17) and (consistingmultiple ofworking disciplines andstakeholders together 18)

CONCLUSION a . Thestatus ofthe applicationban andits enforcement may time. over change s the s the recreatio and Given that Given that the science underpinning issuethe s

tightly coupled components ofbothsocial and biological systems; A work collectively toaddressconcerns these recreational if act fishing as isto a is es how related toethics issues nal researchmoves fisheries field towards approaching recreational fisheries

and ethical outlooksthatethical shapeanti . We todevelop a moreunderstanding need of coherent the various e.g

., social

et al et and thus and thus basedonbe irresponsible arguments scientific dismiss concerns regarding animal welfareonthebasis

- Clearly, notallowing continuation the ofangling is ecological systems, recreational are inwhich fisheries ., 20 14; can in somecan in cases .

be perceived as

et al et Fujitani Fujitani of fish whether feeltrends pain awayfrom ., 20 - angling viewpoints 18), it wouldbesimple18), it todismiss the et al et ., 20 irresponsible constrain fishingactivity 17, Blythe (Arlinghaus rlinghaus rlinghaus . et alet This specific ., 20 et alet 17) et alet ., . ., This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. committed toachieving demonstrate broader tothe community that recreational fisheries their and participants are management authority playerindustry ( ( alsoinstancesare ofthe communityangling attempting make legally right to their it to fish responsibility isinherently of part isakeyhuman ofuncertainty in management behaviour source fisheries (Fulton fisheriesmanagementthat really is about“managing hasalso people”.It become apparent precursor to sustainability responsible formoreadvocate emphasisonthe ideathatrecreational fisheries depend onbehaviours thatare acrosswe canachieve sustainability fisheries recreational spots willAnthropocene be it tonecessary identify andrectify dark that r argued moreand are likely to socio Some threats of these are use natural resources in an extractive andnon weareacknowledge Anthropocene that inthe andThe worldis changing there are facingincreasing threats a

AcceptedMcClenachan, Article . - cultural norms more andmorepeopledisconnect as with and nature reside inurban centres We that by believe adopting the responsible behavio In manyisaprivilege it tofish ways (Lam from actors all ecreational fishing ecreational

2013 e.g ., guide, outfitter,d bait ).

have ethical concerns about recreational angling and Responsibility puts someResponsibility puts ontothe onusdirectly individual angler sustainability directly related to directly to environmentrelated the butother .

In some ways this echoes Hilborn‟s (2007) echoesHilborn‟s(2007) thinkingwhereIn someways this heposits and have emphas policy has a place in the Anthropocene butforit tocontribute good toa - maker a

social social contract toengage inrecreati .

However, this ismoreHowever, this just than demonstrating forothers

to engage meaningful in (small actions andlarge) that ealer, tacklemanufacturer,fishing media) is - . ed here how responsibility of howresponsibility isa individual ed here actors extractive manner Similarly, also facing are threats there that sectors &

Pauly, 2010) such that individualPauly,

(Figure 1) urs demonstrated inthesebright

spots while while bright spots leveraging quatic ecosystemsquatic ,

including recreational fisheries . For that reason s .

have dowith to changing onal angling. Yet, there Elmer et al et

et al as we now as we .

(2 , ,

., 2011). we 017) ,

that that spots,

.

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. framework by proposed Arlinghaus such thatcan sustainability beachieved Acceptedactions byallrecreational havethe anglingactors potential to address these andother challenges interactions warmerto the decision fishfacerecreational the in ofclimate (see change Gale exceedance of thresholdsbeingused temperature are means as to ofmitigating threats concerns and alsoincreasing there are examples ofwhereclosures by fishing triggered ofthisoccurringinstances ( formounting pressure recreational fishingactivities to cease to of lead a variety Article where responsibility leadssustainability to that itpossiblewe suggest is to have a vibrant recreational fishingsectorintheAnthropocene (Granek healthy aquatic ecosystems onare depend notforgotten. they that fishingrecreational actors tomitig Given that many facing thethreats sectorareexternal the greater of toit, effort be by will needed fish,benefit fish populations arequirementalso ofallrelevant effortin an tosupport for build the ethical aspects Failure to Failure to - et al makers responding external threats to sector, the that are that ., 20 - water conditions 08 engage the recreational angling community inpursuing action responsible negative ecological andsocio ) more stressful and failures e.g

and ., inIndia , but decision truly enhance participants and all engaging ate those threatsate those andensurethat recreational fish and the

in warmer et al et ;

) whereangling hasbeen as ofe halted aresult . (2016 something fits that withinthewell socio .

-

makers responded effectively bycurtailing water water to work collectively toensure t s ,

all aspectsof sustainabilityofthe the sector. - 2017) economic consequence

(and the privilege) the (and parties temperatures. . et alet Recreational fisheries are as much about

within sector the

. ., goodexample 2015).This isa as

Unfortunately

recreational fishing did not lead recreational didnotlead fishing

By sharing success stories Responsible creative)(and of recreational fishingbut s

and, with that, and, with

and relevant allies ,

there there are already hat hat actions their - ecological thical thical

fisheries fisheries will will , of This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted SocioeconomicArlinghaus, R. &Cooke,S.J.(2009)Recreational Fisheries: Importance, A.H., Altieri, T.C.Coverdale, M.D.Bertness, N. C. Herrmann REFERENCES movement. Cooke thisAll oftheauthorson manuscript avid are Article of Conflict fromSchlaepfer We several thank Acknowledgements community.angling asfish thefuture ofrecreational people andthus fisheries is verymuch handsofthe inthe ;

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, A.J.D. www.wiseart.net

anonymous referee

, S.D.B. ,

J.W.B. –

1410. was contracted togenerate was contracted s

for valuableinput on manuscript.the Sofia and

R.A.

anglers.

are ambassadorsare fortheKeepemwet fishing S.C.D. – 58.

Recreational Hunting, Conservation Figure 1 Figure

is an ambassadoris an for Patagonia

and C. Holdredge. .

Jain , ( 20 - 12 ) . A &

This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted S.G.,Arlinghaus, R., Cooke,Sutton, S.J., E. Arlinghaus, R., Cooke,J.,Lyman, D.,Schwab,A.,Suski,C.,...&Thorstad, S. J.,Policansky, Arlinghaus, R., Alós, Beardmore, J., B.,Daedlow, K., M.,Fujitani, Dorow, M.,Hühn,D., Article Arlinghaus, R. Arlinghaus, R. (2005).Aconceptual framework in identify andunderstandconflicts to Arlinghaus, R. (2007)Voluntary Catch 171, doi:10.1111/j.1365 Cypr Angling Community:Recreational AQualitativeCarp, Case StudyofSpecialised Fisheries ManagementFisheries andEcology 23,177 fisheriesto recreational thesocial prepare perspectives. Reviewsin Science, Fisheries 15(1 synthesisintegrative ofglobal knowledgefrom social ethical, historical, B. (2007).Understanding complexity the ofcatch doi:10.1080/23308249.2016.1209160. ScienceReviews in Aquaculture.Fisheries and FisheriesasComplexSocialFreshwater Recreational Adaptive W.,Haider, Hunt, L.M.,Johnson,B. emphasisresources, with Europe. oncentral Environmental Conservation33,46 Cultureand Resources, 145 Development, 1(2), fisheriessystems,recreational implications with inus Carpio, Angling in Germany. Fisheries Angling inGermany.inus Carpio, Fisheries Management andEcology. , ( 20 06 ) . Overcoming human obstacles toconservation. Overcominghumanof recreationalfishery obstacles - 2400.2007.00537.x. - and et al et - Release withinthe CanGenerateConflict

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- n recreationalfishing: an Ecological Systems. the futurethe of

and , 20 biological 07, 161 e59

– This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedBartholomew, A.(2005)AReview of J. Catch A.&Bohnsack, Balon, Armstrong, M.,Brown,A.,Hargreaves, A., Hyder,K.,Munday,M.,Proctor, S.,Roberts, J., R.,Arlinghaus, R., Tillner, Bork,M. Article T.A., Riepe,Arlinghaus, R., Schwab, C.,&Teel, Aprimer (2012). onanti A. Arlinghaus, R., Schwab, Arlinghaus, R., Mehner,T.I. G.(2002) &Cowx,Reconciling InlandTraditional Fisheries

E. K.Defending fishes (2000). recreational against old fishing:an problem to besolved in and what they mean.and whatthey T.D. R. In BeardJr, Arlinghaus 3,261Fish andFisheries Management andSustaina 129 with Impl newmillennium.the Environmental Biology ofFishes,57(1), 1 economic activityand angling value inEngland. Defra, London,UK. 16pp. Roche, N.,Williamson, K. countries.fishing across22, industrialised Fish.Manag. Ecol. 45 164. and fifth recreationalthe world conference. fishing environment:the economic, and social, dimensions. biological ethical from Proceedings

– its its relevance for recreational fisheries inurbanized societies. 37(4),153 Fisheries,

154, doi:10.1007/s11160 ications forNo ications , ( 20 11 - – Take Reserves. Reviews in FishBiology Fisheries. Take Reserves.Reviewsin and 316. bility in bility in Industrialized with Emphasis Countries, onEurope. , ) ( . Five ethical torecreational. Fiveethical challenges fishing: whatthey are 20 , - (

005 20 13 15 ) - . SeaAngling 2175 ) . Explaining participation ratesinrecreational - 1.

, 20 12

and – -

and a survey ofrecreationala survey sea S.G. Sutt - Release Angling Mortality - 8. – 55

on (Eds) The angler inon (Eds)Theangler - angling philosophy .

, 20 05, - This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted T. Bower, S.D.,Nguyen,V.M.,Danylchuk,A.J.,Beard Jr, D., &Cooke,S.J.(2014).Inter Bower, A.J.,Raghavan,R.,Danylchuk,S. S.D.,Danylchuk, C.,Pinder,A.M.& A.C.,Alter, S.J., Bova, C.Halse, W. S.,Aswani, S.,&Potts, a M.(2017). Assessing social norms approach Article Cohen,Blythe, J., P.,Eriksson,H.,Cinner,Boso, J., A.M.&Andrew, N.(2017) D.,Schwarz, AnimalBerg, R.&Rosch,(1998) welfareand angling in Baden Bate, R.(2001) Saving Our Streams:Roleof the Anglers´ the Conservation Association in Recreational Fisheries: Social, Fisheries: EconomicRecreational from andManagement(Proceedings Aspects Books, London EnglishProtecting and Welsh Rivers.TheInstitute and Perspectives, ed.P. McConney, R.Medeiros forchallenges co conflictand sectoral recrea Workshops.Collaborative 186, Fisheries Research 665 andConservationResearch Priorities (TorSpp.) of for through Mahseer India Cooke, S.J.(2017)Involving Recreational Fisheries Stakeholders inDevelopment of 117 24(2), for improving recreational Social the Strengthening Rome, Italy P. &Tompkins, H.),pp. 88 the , 19 th session of - - Ecological Systems 82, Framework. MarinePolicy 50 125.

Post

- operation. -

Hoc ofCommunityAnalysis the Europeanthe In fisheries compliance. ManagementFisheries andEcology, tional fisheries ofthe world: Opportunitiesdeveloping and -

92. Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe92. FoodandAgriculture United Nations. Enhancing Stewardship Small in land Fisheries land Fisheries Commission)Advisory Hickley,(eds -

Based Fisheries ManagementBased Fisheries through and

of Economic and Profile Affairs M. Pena. Too Big To Ignore M. Pena.TooBigToIgnore – 671. - Wurttemberg, Germany. In:

- Scale Fisheries:Scale Practices – 58.

- This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedW.Coggins, L.G.,Catalano, M.J.,Allen, M.S.,Pine, C. E.&Walters, Carpenter, S.R.,Brock, W.Hansen, G.J.A.,M.,Isermann, A.,J.F.,Hennessy, L.M.,Neal,J.W.,Burger, &Lusk,R. Article J.W., A.J.,Chapman, Cooke,S.J.(2017).Brownscombe, Gutowsky,L.F.,& Danylchuk, J.M., J.W. A Brownscombe, J., Hunt, A.B. WelfareBrowman,H. I.&Skiftesvik, (2011) ofAquatic Organisms:There Some Is Faith Based HARKing Going on Here? Diseases OrganismsBased HARKingGoingonHere? ofAquatic 94,255 (73). Report, (TBTI) and for Centre Resource Fish and Fisheries 8 Fish andFisheries MortalityCryptic and the ofUsing Limits HiddenCosts Length inFishery Management. 1160. RecreationalSafe Operating SpaceforInland Fish Fisheries. and Fisheries18,1150 A., Pedersen, E.J.,Perales,K.M.,Rypel,A.L.,Sass, G.G., 5,Agencies, 59 ofNext Generation Journal Anglers. Associationof Southeastern of the FishandWildlife research,Fisheries 186, 693 forBest practices catch Marinepolicy. Polic knowledgethe S.J.,Boucek,R.,AaronJ.Adams, Review).BridgingDanylchuk, A.J.,Cooke, A.J.(In

- action gap:Acaseofresearchrapidly impacting recreational fisheries - 63.

, 19, 19 y.

- and costa, A.,Morley, D.,Holder, P.,Griffin, N, L.P.,Young, 6 - - release fisheries recreational 705. – 210.

D. (2018). The Role D. (2018).TheRole Pondsof Recruiting Private in the Management Studies, andEnvironmental Technical

– Angling toolsand tactics. et al et

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– D. - This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted Costello, M.J., H. Coll,M., P.,Ojaveer, Danovaro, R.,Halpin, P. andMiloslavich, Corlett, R.T. S.Copeland, C.,Baker,E.,Koehn,J.D.,Morris, G.,& ArticleCooke, S.J.,Twardek,R.Zolderdo W. M.,Lennox, Cooke, S.J.,Susk ofrecreational fishinginglobalCooke, S.J.,&Cowx,I.G.(2004).Therole fish crises. AIBS RecreationalCooke, S.J.&Cowx,I.G.(2006)Contrasting and Fishing: Commercial Searching Bulletin, 54(9),857 Environments. Biological Conservation 128,93 for CommonIssues to e12110. ofmarine biodiversitycensus knowledge, resources & Ecology, 24(1),82 fishers involvedrecreational infishhabitat management. Management Fisheries and Is Fishing Recreational Also about Food. FishandFisheries D.(2018)TheNexusofFunandNutrition:Danylchuk, A.J.,Arlinghaus, R.&Beard, 14(4),Fish andFisheries, 439 behaviours as alternatives toformalinrecreational regulations fisheries management. E volution ,

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5: This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedDanylchuk, A.J.andS.J.Cooke. Recreational of Cooke, S.J.(2017)Perceptions Danylchuk, A.J.,Tiedemann, Fisheries J.& A.,Danylchuk, A.J.,S.C.,Kosiarski, Cooke,S.J.,&Huskey, B.(2018). ArticleDalby, S. Daedlow, K.,Beckmann, Assessing V.&Arlinghaus,anAdaptiveCyclein R.(2011) aSocial P.J.Crutzen, &Stoermer, E.F.(2000)HaveWe Entered the Globa „ Anthropocene ‟? Cowx, Arlinghaus,R.&Cooke,S.J.(2010)Harmonizing I.G., Re Newsletter 41,Newsletter 17 Biology. Conservation Objectives for Aquatic Biodiversity inInlandWaters. Journal ofFish 25:458 implementation management and prot ofaquatic 687. Identified CoastTradeUnited at East Showsinthe Fisheries States. Research 186,681 Conservation within the Knowledge Industry: Fishing Gaps catch Keepemwet Fishing Review, 3,33 FisheriesGovernance. Ecology andSociRecreational System External Pressure to under Change: TheImportanceofIntergroup Relations in ,

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2215, doi:10.1111/j.1095 An emerging socialbrand for dis , 20 11. Engagingtherecreational anglingcommunity the in - 8649.2010.02686.x. ected areas. ected ConservationBiology ety 16. ety seminating best for practices creational Fisheries and and Opportunities Learning

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l Change – This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedEbner, D.,&Baumgartner, The R.J.(2006, September). Dummett, Drivers forcorporate (2006). environmental responsibility K. (CER). Environment, O., M. A.H.,Dudgeon, D.,Arthington, Gessner, Kawaba Article J.(1998).Corporate environmentalDesJardins, responsibility. of Journal Ethics, 17(8),Business Dean, J.(1996).organizations Theroleofangler infisheries management. InMultidimensional De Leeuw,A. D.(1996)Contemplating the Interest ofFish: Challenge.The Angler‟s S.J. A.Kosiarski, Cooke Danylchuk, A.J.,S.C. Environmental Ethics 18,Environmental 373 in recreational fisheries. Fishing conference (Vol.conference 4,No.5.9,p. development andcorporate socialresponsibility. responsibility InCorporate research Development andSustainability,8(3), 375 doi:10.1017/S1464793105006950. ReviewsoftheCambridge PhilosophicalBiological S Freshwater Biodiversity: Importance, Status Threats, andConservation Challenges. Naiman,J., Prieur R. 825 (Vol. 16,pp.172 toapproaches - 838. –

An emerging socialbrand for disseminatingbest for practices catch

reservoir fisheriesreservoir management. Society, AmericanSymposium Fisheries - 175). - Richard, A.H., M. Soto,D.,Stiassny, L. J.,

Fisheries Research Fisheries – , 20 390. 06). Queens University, Belfast Dublin. 06). QueensUniversity,

- 389. , 20 5:52

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- and - release This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted Florisson, J.H.,Walker, Tweedley, J.R., T.H., J.A. Chaplin, U. Fehr, E.,Fischbacher, A.J. R.Fedler, &Ditton, AnglerMotivations B.(1994)Understanding in Fisheries Fisheries. Recreational FAO.FAO Guidelines (2012) Fisheries. NO. Technical forResponsible ArticleFAO (2009). Everard, Elmer, L.A.,S., Kelly, L. K., Rivest, S.C.,Steell, Twardek Good Anthropocene. EnvironmentalGood Anthropocene. Management 60,165 Commandments forRecreational Fisheries Science, Management Arlinghaus, R., Bennett, J. R.&Cooke,S.(2017) the Angling into Future:Ten program for monitoring programmonitoring the for 8(4),Sciences, 187 Management. Fisheri 13. 176. Rome: FAO. System ThesaurusFisheries Freshwater Ecosystems 21,101 Western a Reachofthe Ramganga India. Conservation: River, Aquatic Marine and M. & Kataria, G. (2011)Recreational ConservationAngling MarketstoAdvancethe of Aquatic Sciences Aquatic Informationand Fisheries Sys . Eds . Eds

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. This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted E. Granek, E.F.,Madin, W.,M. P.,Brown,A., Figueira, Cameron, D.S.,Hogan,Z., Gov. India(1972). Gov. India(1960). Article Gallagher, A. J.,Cooke, Hammerschlag, S.J.& Perceptions N.(2016)Risk andConservation K.,Hinch, Therole Gale, M. S.G., Donaldson,M.R.(2013). of in temperature the E.A.,Fulton, Smith, A.D., I.E.(2011). Smith,C.,vanPutten, Human D. thekey behaviour: A., Fujitani, M.,McFall, C. Randler, & Arlinghaus, R.(2017)Participatory Adaptive source of uncertainty management. ofuncertainty in fisheries source Fishand of Advances Science. Science 3. Management Environmental Leadsto Learning Outcomes beyond Sphere Extending the Conservation Biology 22173 Fishers Recreational in Management andConservation: GlobalCase Studies. Fishers Recreational in Management andConservation: GlobalCase StudiesEngaging Kristianson www.envfor.nic.in/legis/wildlife/wildlife1.htmlIndia. www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1547/1/196059.pd EndangeredAtlantic. amongEthics Targeting Recreational Anglers Threatened Sharksinthe Subtropical offish.release and Fish , G., DeP.,Williams, Villiers, J., J.E.,Post, The Indian Wildlife 1972 (Protection)Act, The Prevention ToOf Cruelty AnimalsAct Species Research 29,81 F isheries, 14(1), 1 isheries, 72875, 1125

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. Dehli:Government ofIndia. (as amended(as 1993) upto et alet F isheries, 12(1),isheries, 2 .,

(2008) Engaging(2008) f

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. Dehli, . Dehli, This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. R.,WaltersC.J.,Hilborn K.&MaguireJ.(2004) When Stokes Accepted R.(2007).Hilborn, fisheries Managing managing what is people: hasbeen Fish learned? and S.D.,Raghavan,Gupta, N.,Bower, R.,Danylchuk,Status A.J.&Cooke,S.(2015) of P.,Gupta, N.,Nautiyal, K.,Mathur,V.B., Borgohain,A., &Chadwick,M.A. Sivakumar, Article MarkowitzE.M.Guckian M.L.,S.J.& Peer DanylchukA.J.,Cooke pressure (2018) on the Griffiths, S.P.,Bryant,J.,Raymond, H.F.&Newcombe, SubjectiveA. (2017)Quantifying P. Greine E. Granek, E.F.,Madin, W.,M., Brown,M.A.,Figueira, Hogan,Z.,...&Zahn, Cameron, D.S., r, R., Young, M.D.,McDonald, A.D.,M.(2000). Incentive instruments Brooks, forthe sustainable marinesustainable use of resources. CoastalManagement,Ocean & 29 43(1), Conservation Biology,studies. 22(5),1125 Engagingrecreational fishersmanagementS. (2008). in case global andconservation: f 8(4),Fisheries, 285 Science AquacultureFisheries and 23, 291 r 250in India.Oryx,50(2), Catch(2016). Journal ofEnvironmentalbehavior. Management 219,252 Assessingriverbank: catch Fish Bait? and Fisheries 18, 171 Human ofRecreational Does Come Dimensions Fishing: GoodHealth Who Those to isheries isheries ecreational ecreational m anagement f isheries inIndia: Development,isheries - and - release angling as amanagement forfreshwater fish tool c - 296. .

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedHyder, K.,Weltersbach, K.,Townhill, M.,Ferter, B., M.S.,Armstrong, Ahvonen, A., ArticleWeltersbach, R.,Hyder, K.,Radford,Prellezo, W. Z., M.S.,Lewin, S.G.andArlinghaus, IllustratingHunt, L.M.,Sutton, critical R.(2013) the ofhumanrole Recreational Hunt, L.M.(2005) Hughes, B. dimensions for research understanding andmanaging recreational fisherieswithina Human ofWildlife 10, Dimensions implications for monimplications for inin Europe aglobal context P., Vølstad, J. D.,Turnbull, Hamme vander C.,Silvestri, R.,Ruiz, J.,Scougal, Skov,C., Steinback, S.,Sundelöf,A., Svagzdys,A., A.,Pita,P., H.J.,Papadopoulos, Z.,Radtke, K.,Roche,Olesen, Radford, W.,Rocklin,D., Moilanen, P.,Monkman, G.,Morales K., Kapiris, M.,Kleiven, Karlsson, A.R., H.,Lovell, S.,Lyle,J., Lejk,A.M.,Levrel, M., Diogo,H.M.C.,Dziemian, R., A.,Grzebielec, Ł.,Gordoa, B., Hartill, Kagervall, A., Arlinghaus, R., Baikov, A.,Bellanger, Birza M., Brussels,Policies, 134pp. on fishstocks. European Parliament, Department Policy andCohesion for Structural Committee B., Ruiz, J.,Townhill, E., Mugerza, Strehlow, H. V social , 20 - ecological system framework. Management Fisheries andEcology 14. Thesocioeconomic values ofrecreational 39,291fishing. Fisheries -

Marine Marine recreational and semi - H., Zarauz, L.,Zolubas,T.,Strehlow, H. V itoring andassessment.itoring Fish f

ishing - n, T., van Voorhees, D., van Winsen, T.,Veiga, Voorhees, D.,vanF.,Verleye, n, T.,van Participation Participation rates, expenditure effort, fishing s ite 153 c - hoice Nin – 172. , B., Mugerza, E., , B.,Mugerza, R., P.,Martinez, O‟Reilly, - subsistence fishing fishing subsistence m

odels: Insights and and Insights odels: ks, J.,Borch,T., Cambie, G.,deGraaf, and , 20 Fish 17. Research forResearch PECH17. , 20 eries - C., Zarauz, L., Ferter, K., L., C., Zarauz, Ferter, 18. Recreational seafishing18. Recreational - , 19

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Lam, Who Evolvingto fish? Pauly, D.(2010). right for contract e M.E., a social is AcceptedKoehn, J.D.&Todd,C. R.(2012)Bala S.,Patrick, P.G.,&Moseley, Jose, theory:C. (2017).Experiential learning the of importance Jørgensen, C., Enberg, K.,Dunlop, R.,Boukal,D.S.,Brander,K.,Ernande, E.S.,Arlinghaus, Article F.D.,Johnston, Arlinghaus, R.andDieckmann, Diversity (2010) andcomplexityofangler U. F. Johnston, Fish D., Arlinghaus, R.&Dieckmann,(2013) U. Governing A.M.(2011) Jacobs, for th The A.M.(2008) ofJacobs, Politics When: InvestmentMaking for andPolicy Redistribution, Cambridge University Press Pp306. Press Cambridge University LongTerm.the JournalBritish ofPoliticalScience 38 fisheries. Ecology 15(3).fisheries. Society, and and Ecology a Threatened PartEducation, B,7(3), 269 classroomsoutdoor inenvironmental Internationaleducation. ofScience Journal s B., Gårdmark, A.,Johnston,F.,Matsumura, S., 1507 recreational drivebehaviour socially optimal andoutput input regulations in abioeconomic o tocks. Science.tocks. ptimal –

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- – 284. 1248, doi:10.1126/science.1 e LongTerm: andthe ofInvestment. Democracy Politics ncing

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f ish This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted S. S.Mardle, Modell& Pascoe, (2002) Mannheim,Winkler, S.L.,Childs,E.C., A.R., A.C., Butler, Parkinson, M. C., M.,Mackay, P.M. ANewMace, (2001) Rolefor inSingle MSY ArticleL W.Lewin, C., Arlinghaus, R.&Mehner, T.(2006) Documentedand N.P.,Lester, Marshall, B.(2003).T. R.,K.,Dunlop,W. Armstrong, Ritchie, Abroad I., ynch, A.J.,S.J.Cooke,G.Cowx, S.Bower,B,Bunnell,J. V.M.Nguyen, Deines, I. D. of Management,Fisheries 1312 23(4), approach to management ofOntario's fisheries.North American recreational Journal 20 Term inFisheriesObjectives Management. ofEnvironmental Journal Management. Research Fisheries pro W. against... &Potts, recreational Workingwith,not anglers:Evaluatinga M.(2018). recreationalshove in fishingcompliance, thinkPolicy,95, „nudge‟.Marine 256 StockFisheries Assessment 2,2 andManagement.Fisheries Fishand fishesinland andfisheries.Reviews Environmental Youn andT.D. Beard,Jr. W. W.W.Nonher, K.Phouthavong,B.Riley,M.W.M. Rogers, Woelmer, Taylor, S. Science. 02, 49 r - ecreational ecreational environmental strategyfor behavioural catch improving Jennings, S.,Jennings, vanPutten, E.I.,Sibly, H., Yamazaki,When S.(2018). pushcomes to , 20 – 62, doi:10.1006/jema.2001.0518. 06, 305 f ishing: Insights for ishing: Insights , 20 – 367, doi:10. 6, 44 , ( - 56. 2016 ing the Effectsing the ofTrade 1080/10641260600886455. ) . The economic social, m - 1328. anagement and

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of - This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. ActionOstrom, Collective Evolution E.(2000) andthe of Social Norms. The journal of AcceptedWilliams, S. Organ, J.F.,V.Geist, S.P.Mahoney, P.R.Krausman, T.A.Decker,G.R.Batcheller, Rudd,M.A., DifferencesNguyen, V.M., Hinch,S.G.,&Cooke,J.(2012). ininformation National Marine Fisheries Service. (2015) States Fisheries EconomicsoftheUnited Article R.Regan,Nanjappa, R.A.Medellin, R.Cantu, R.E. McCabe,S.Craven,G.M.Vecelli McPhee, D. L.McClenachan, (2013) andRecreation Capacity:W.Mc Cool,S.F.&Lime,D. Tourism Tempting Carrying Fantasy (2001) or doi:10.1093/envhis/ems110. d Reality? JournalTourism ofSustainable 9,372 economic 14, perspectives 137 Wildlife Technica Society The R. Carmichael,P. 256. initiatives to fishing. promote responsible preferencesuse and among recreational salmon implications formanagement anglers: NOAAMemorandum Technical pp. 265 Review Technical Society 12 Decker. Australia sustainable?fishing in ecologically Pacific ConservationBiology, 40 8(1), egradation Floridaegradation in the Keys.Environmental History

P., Leadbitter, G.A. Swallowing D.,&Skilleter, bait: (2002). the is recreational , 20 12. TheNorthAmerican ofWildlife Model Wildlife Conservation. The , et alet ., (2012)

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. Accepted Policansky D. (2002)Catch T. Pitcher, Stakeholders‟participation C.,Pierce,G.J.,Theodossiou,I. (2010). inPita, fisheries the A.C. Pinder, &Raghavan,R. Conserving Endangeredthe Mahseers (2013) ( ArticlePergams, O.R.W. Pauly, D.,Christense K., Parkkila J.,GentnerB.,HaiderW., Arlinghaus R.,Artell Aas Ø. Fisheries Advisory CommissionFisheries Paper Occasional 46,112pp. Benefits ofEuropean Inland Recreational Fisheries. Rome: FAO: Inland European FisheriesInland Advisory Commission forAssessing Socio Methodologies Social Evaluation.Social Oxford: Blackwell pp. Science, 74 &C.E.Pitcher (eds) Hollingworth Recreational Ecological, EconomicFisheries: and Evaluation. Science1,1 Blackwell Fisheries: Recreational P., C.E., H. S.(Eds) C.&Ecological, Economic P management decision The Positive Fish RoleofRecreational 105:2295 away from nature doi:10.1038/nature01017. D.& Zeller, Towards Sustainability World (2002) in Fisheries. Nature. olicy, 34(5),olicy, 1093 J., Where‟s P.,C. E.,H. Catch? S.(2002)Fishing forFun: C.& the In Pitcher, T.J., -

2300. and n, V., Guénette, S., Pitcher,T.J.,Sumaila, U.R.,Walters, C.J., Watson, R. P.A. Zaradic. Zaradic. P.A.

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– 695, This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedWatson, S.A.,Branch,Sethi, T.A.& Development Global Fishery R.(2010) PatternsAre S.Schroeder, A.,Fulton,D.C.,Altena, E.,Baird, H., Dieterman,D.,&Jennings,M.(2018).The Rockström,J., Steffen, W.,K.,Persson,A.,Chapin,F.S.,Lambin, Noone, E.F.,Lenton,T.M., Article W.E.Ricker, Computationand (1975). interpretation ofbiological statistics of fish populations. Reid, A.J.,Carlson Post, J.R.,Sullivan,M., N.P.,Walters,Cox, S., Lester, C.J. Vermaire MacCormack fisheries: theCanada's invisible collapse? Fisheries, recreational 27(1), 6 Sciences 107,Sciences 12163 Not byProfitbut Driven Troph Publicly Managed Waters. Environmental Management, 1 and ofAnglerInfluence Values, Involvement, CatchOrientation, Satisfaction, AgencyTrust Humanity. 461, Nature 472 Scheffer, C.,Schellnhuber,H.J., M.,Folke, http://www.dfo BoardBulletin oftheFisheries Research ofCanada, Bulletin doi.org/10.1111/brv.12480 forconservation challenges freshwater biodiversity. BiologicalReviews D emographics onSupportemographics for Protection Habitat andRestorationVersus Stocking in ,

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This articleisprotected bycopyright.Allrightsreserved. AcceptedW.,Steffen P.J. Crutzen J.R.& McNeill Humans (2007)TheAnthropocene: Are Now ExtinctionSoga M.& Gaston K.J.(2016) ofexperience: The ofhuman loss Smith, L.E.,Khoa, S.N., Sims,B., &Danylchuk,A.J.(2017). Characterizing informationguidelines practice onbest for ArticleSiemer,W. F. &Knuth,B. Siemer,W. F. &Knuth,B.A.(1998). Sharma, N.(2018). Hooked on Fishing Hooked onFishing cru July 2018. Environment 36,614 GreatOverwhelming the ofNature.AMBIO:Forces oftheHuman AJournal in Frontiers Ecology a policy implications indevelopingcountries. United States. Fisheries catch 29. Environmental Behavior.Responsible ofEnvironmental TheJournal Education 32,23 pp. Publication

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