Srovnávací Analýza Reprezentativních Středisek Zimních Sportů

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Srovnávací Analýza Reprezentativních Středisek Zimních Sportů Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze Fakulta mezinárodních vztah Vedlejší specializace: Cestovní ruch Srovnávací analýza reprezentativních stedisek zimních sport – R a zahranií (diplomová práce) Vypracoval: Petr Záhrobský Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Zdenka Petr Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že diplomovou práci na téma „Srovnávací analýza reprezentativních stedisek zimních sport – R a zahranií“ jsem vypracoval samostatn. Použitou literaturu a podkladové materiály uvádím v piloženém seznamu literatury. V Praze, dne: Podpis: - 2 - Podkování: Rád bych podkoval Ing. Zdence Petr za odbornou pomoc a poskytnuté rady pi vypracování mé diplomové práce. - 3 - Obsah: Úvod ____________________________________________________________________________6 1 Vymezení základních pojm cestovního ruchu _______________________________________8 1.1 Definice cestovního ruchu a jeho hlavních subjekt _______________________________8 1.2 Typy cestovního ruchu _____________________________________________________9 1.3 Vliv cestovního ruchu na rozvoj územních celk ________________________________10 1.4 Nabídka v cestovním ruchu _________________________________________________11 1.4.1 Atraktivity__________________________________________________________11 1.4.2 Služby cestovního ruchu _______________________________________________12 1.5 Stedisko zimních sport ___________________________________________________14 1.5.1 Pojmy specifické pro stediska zimních sport______________________________15 2 Analýza stedisek zimních sport_________________________________________________17 2.1 Francie _________________________________________________________________18 2.1.1 Zimní stediska – Alpy ________________________________________________18 2.1.2 Les Menuires________________________________________________________19 2.1.3 Další alpská zimní stediska ve Francii____________________________________27 2.2 Švýcarsko_______________________________________________________________29 2.2.1 Zimní stediska ______________________________________________________29 2.2.2 Zermatt ____________________________________________________________30 2.2.3 Další švýcarská zimní stediska _________________________________________39 2.3 Rakousko _______________________________________________________________41 2.3.1 Zimní stediska ______________________________________________________41 2.3.2 Saalbach – Hinterglemm_______________________________________________42 2.3.3 Další rakouská zimní stediska __________________________________________50 2.4 Norsko _________________________________________________________________52 2.4.1 Zimní stediska ______________________________________________________52 2.4.2 Hemsedal___________________________________________________________53 2.4.3 Další zimní stediska v Norsku __________________________________________58 2.5 eská republika __________________________________________________________60 2.5.1 Zimní stediska ______________________________________________________61 2.5.2 Špindlerv Mlýn _____________________________________________________62 2.5.3 Další stediska zimních sport v esku ___________________________________69 2.6 Další evropské regiony se stedisky zimních sport ______________________________72 2.6.1 Itálie ______________________________________________________________72 2.6.2 Ostatní alpské zem __________________________________________________75 2.6.3 Slovensko a Polsko ___________________________________________________76 2.6.4 Pyreneje____________________________________________________________77 2.6.5 Skandinávie_________________________________________________________78 - 4 - 2.6.6 Neobvyklá stediska zimních sport______________________________________79 Závr ___________________________________________________________________________82 Seznam tabulek_________________________________________________________________85 Seznam obrázk ________________________________________________________________86 Seznam píloh __________________________________________________________________87 Použitá literatura________________________________________________________________88 - 5 - Úvod Vypracovat diplomovou práci jako srovnávací analýzu zimních stedisek v R a v zahranií si autor diplomové práce zvolil proto, že zimní cestovní ruch nabývá stále vtšího významu pro horské regiony a je to odvtví, do kterého pitéká velké množství investic, a už ze soukromých nebo i veejných zdroj. Výhodou autora je, že se již adu let v této oblasti aktivn pohybuje a na základ osobních kontakt má velmi dobré možnosti jak získat ucelené, srovnatelné a spolehlivé informace. Význam této práce spoívá v komplexním srovnání nabízených služeb ve stediscích zimního cestovního ruchu v R a v zahranií, které jasn ukáže rozdíly mezi regiony a zemmi. Navštvovat zimní stediska je velmi populární a masovou záležitostí a v této práci by se mly objevit pednosti a nedostatky nkterých charakteristických stedisek, které reprezentují daný region, pípadn zemi. Pro stále více eských turist vyjíždí za svou zimní dovolenou do zahranií? V em se liší nabídka a kvalita služeb v jednotlivých evropských regionech významných z hlediska zimní turistiky? Jaký vliv ml historický vývoj na souasnou podobu stediska a na klientelu, která zde pevažuje? Jak dokáží spolupracovat soukromé subjekty jako provozovatelé hotel, restaurací a lanovek s informaními centry a radnicemi v obcích, které jsou asto existenn závislé na cestovním ruchu? Jaké jsou souasné trendy ve vývoji moderního zimního centra, jaké nové služby je možno nabízet a co tato centra ohrožuje? Cílem této práce bude podrobn popsat a porovnat regionáln charakteristická evropská zimní stediska. Zejména budou vysvtleny rozdíly v nabídce jednotlivých center. Základní hypotézou, kterou by tato práce mla potvrdit nebo vyvrátit je, že šíka nabízených služeb v typickém eském stedisku zimních sport je podstatn menší než ve stediscích zahraniních. Dalšími ovovanými hypotézami bude, že cena srovnatelných služeb asto závisí více na image stediska, ve kterém jsou poskytovány, než na kvalit služby a že samotné pírodní atraktivity a výhodná lokalita už nestaí k udržení dobré pozice v tvrdé konkurenci na trhu cestovního ruchu. Metodou práce bude sbr informací obecn dostupných v literatue a na internetových stránkách, dále pak osobní kontaktování subjekt cestovního ruchu a vlastní výzkum autora pímo v konkrétních zimních stediscích. Takto získané poznatky budou zpracovány a analyzovány. - 6 - V první kapitole budou vysvtleny nkteré pojmy, se kterými autor pracuje v analytické ásti. Nejprve jsou to termíny z obecné teorie cestovního ruchu, následn pak také pojmy specifické pro zimní cestovní ruch v horských stediscích. Druhou kapitolu pak tvoí vlastní analytická ást srovnávající pomocí výše zmínných metod francouzská, švýcarská, rakouská, norská, eská a ostatní evropská stediska. - 7 - 1 Vymezení základních pojm cestovního ruchu Nejprve zde budou vymezeny nkteré základní pojmy cestovního ruchu, poté budou vysvtleny specifické pojmy týkající se stedisek zimních sport. Tyto pojmy jsou používány v celé této práci a je proto nezbytné hned na zaátku je jasn definovat. 1.1 Definice cestovního ruchu a jeho hlavních subjekt Cestovní ruch bývá zpravidla definován jako innost jedné nebo více osob cestujících na pechodnou dobu do místa mimo její bžné životní prostedí a to na dobu kratší, než je stanovena (u mezinárodního cestovního ruchu hovoíme o jednom roku, u domácího cestovního ruchu pak o 6 msících). Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání výdlené innosti v navštíveném míst.1 Stálý obyvatel (rezident) je v mezinárodním cestovním ruchu charakterizován ve vztahu k dané zemi jako osoba, která žije v zemi alespo jeden rok ped píjezdem do jiné zem na dobu kratší než jeden rok. V domácím cestovním ruchu je rezidentem rozumna osoba, která v tomto míst žije alespo šest po sob jdoucích msíc ped píjezdem do jiného místa na dobu kratší šesti msíc.2 Návštvníkem se v mezinárodním cestovním ruchu myslí osoba, která cestuje do jiné zem, než ve které má trvalé bydlišt, na dobu nepekraující jeden rok. Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání výdlené innosti v navštíveném míst. Návštvníkem ve smyslu domácího cestovního ruchu je oznaována osoba, která má trvalé bydlišt v dané zemi a která cestuje na jiné místo v zemi mimo své trvalé bydlišt na dobu kratší než šesti msíc. Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání výdlené innosti v navštíveném míst.3 Turistou se v mezinárodním cestovním ruchu myslí osoba, která cestuje do jiné zem, než ve které má trvalé bydlišt a bžné životní prostedí, na dobu zahrnující alespo jedno penocování, avšak ne delší jednoho roku. Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání výdlené innosti v navštíveném míst. 1 Doc.Ing. Vlasta Malá, Csc.: Cestovní ruch (Vybrané kapitoly), Praha 1999, ISBN 80-7079-443-7, str.11 2 Doc.Ing. Vlasta Malá, Csc.: Cestovní ruch (Vybrané kapitoly), Praha 1999 ISBN 80-7079-443-7, str.12 3 Doc.Ing. Vlasta Malá, Csc.: Cestovní ruch (Vybrané kapitoly), Praha 1999 ISBN 80-7079-443-7, str.12 - 8 - V domácím cestovním ruchu je za turistu oznaena osoba trvale usídlená v dané zemi, která cestuje do místa odlišného od jejího bžného životního prostedí v téže zemi, na dobu zahrnující alespo jedno penocování, ale kratší než šest msíc. Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání výdlené innosti v navštíveném míst.4 Výletník je v mezinárodním cestovním ruchu osoba, která cestuje do jiné zem, než ve které má trvalé bydlišt a bžné životní prostedí, na dobu kratší než je 24 hodin, aniž by v navštívené zemi penocovala. Hlavním úelem takové cesty není vykonávání
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