Innovations in High Performance Polyaryletherketone Victrex Polymer Solutions – Product and Technology Overview
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Thermoforming
APPLICATION GUIDE: Thermoforming TIME REQUIRED COST SKILL LEVEL By Brian Sabart, Stratasys Inc. and Jeff Gangel, Formech International, Ltd. OVERVIEW Vacuum Forming Materials: Thermoforming is a relatively simple manufacturing process that is inexpensive when compared to other - ABS plastic molding and forming methods. Although thermoforming is often associated with manufacturing - Polyvinylchloride (PVC) of packaging items such as blister packs and disposable coffee cup lids, the cost and time advantages - Polycarbonate (PC) are realized in a broad spectrum of products in an equally broad range of industries. When using a Fortus - Polyethylene (PE) 3D Production System with FDM technology to construct thermoforming tooling, the process becomes - Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) simpler, more efficient and increasingly cost-effective. - High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) - Polypropylene (PP) - Polystyrene (PS) PROCESS DESCRIPTION - Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) Thermoforming is a collection of manufacturing methods that heat and form sheets of extruded plastic. - Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) Thermoforming processes include drape, vacuum and pressure forming. - Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA) - Acrylic Drape forming relies on gravity to pull the sheet against the tool. Vacuum forming, as the name implies, - Closed Cell Foam Polyester (PBT, PET) draws the heated sheet against the tool with the assistance of a vacuum. Pressure forming combines - Polyester Copelymer (PETG) vacuum and pressure to simultaneously pull and push the plastic sheet to the contours of the tool. - Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) - Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) This process guide documents the steps for vacuum forming since it is the most common thermoforming - Thermoplastic Rubber (TPR) method. However, many of the details presented may also be applied to drape and pressure forming. -
Statement on the Registration of Polymers Under REACH Authored by and Signed by Members of the Scientific Community, April 2021
Statement on the registration of polymers under REACH Authored by and signed by members of the scientific community, April 2021 People and the environment are widely exposed to polymers, the main constituents of plastics, as these chemicals continue to build up in terrestrial and ocean ecosystems and production is predicted to continue increasing (Geyer et al., 2017), resulting in emissions to our waterways of up to 53 million metric tons (Mt) per year by 2030 (Borrelle et al., 2020). Apart from plastics, polymeric substances are present in many other materials, products and applications, including but not limited to silicones, coatings, paints, detergents, household and personal care products, agricultural fertilizers and wastewater treatment, often leading to direct releases into the environment. Although polymers are manufactured and used in Europe in extremely high quantities (e.g. plastic production in Europe has been around 60 million tonnes per year over the last years (PlasticsEurope, 2020)), not enough is known about their identity, uses, physical, chemical, and hazardous properties, particularly because polymers have so far been exempt from registration under the European chemicals regulations REACH. To finally initiate the polymer registration process, currently the European Commission (EC) is developing a proposal on how and which polymers to register (Wood and PFA-Brussels, 2020). As scientists working in the fields of polymer chemistry, ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry, conservation biology, environmental sciences, -
High Temperature Resin Alwa Ht Resin
PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENT: HIGH TEMPERATURE RESIN ALWA HT RESIN ALWA HT RESIN is a resin-based on isocyanate and epoxy (EP), which reacts after adding a catalyst. ALWA HT RESIN offers a range of possibilities for producers of fibre-reinforced materials (e.g., glass fibre, kevlar and carbon), semi-finished and finished goods. The system is also suitable for prepreg and reaction compounds. ALWA HT RESIN is particularly interesting for the aerospace and aircraft industry as well for the rail transport, automotive and electronics industry. The application area of “epic” resins are electro casting resins, lamination and injection technology (RTM procedure), vacu- um infusion, casting and ramming compounds, impregnation resin, casting and injection moulding process as well as prepreg technologies, among others. ALWA HT RESIN is offered in two versions. 1) ALWA HT RESIN M100 with approx. 50 mPa s 2) ALWA HT RESIN M2200 with approx. 2200 mPa s The resins can be mixed with one another which enables a flexible adjustment of the viscosity. In addition, two catalysts are available: one catalyst with a fast and one with a low curing rate. These can also be mixed together which allows a flexible adjustment of the pot life. After adding the cata- lyst, the material cures at room temperature. In that intermediate B-condition the material is very brittle. Three-dimensional networks are formed, which are characterized by a high density. That tri- merisation is the prerequisite for the final mechanical values and consistencies. The tempering should be executed in stages up to 180 °C. After tempering a highly cross-linked duroplast is the re- sult. -
Food Packaging Technology
FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY Edited by RICHARD COLES Consultant in Food Packaging, London DEREK MCDOWELL Head of Supply and Packaging Division Loughry College, Northern Ireland and MARK J. KIRWAN Consultant in Packaging Technology London Blackwell Publishing © 2003 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered Editorial Offices: trademarks, and are used only for identification 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ and explanation, without intent to infringe. Tel: +44 (0) 1865 776868 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK First published 2003 Tel: +44 (0) 1865 791100 Blackwell Munksgaard, 1 Rosenørns Allè, Library of Congress Cataloging in P.O. Box 227, DK-1502 Copenhagen V, Publication Data Denmark A catalog record for this title is available Tel: +45 77 33 33 33 from the Library of Congress Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, British Library Cataloguing in Victoria 3053, Australia Publication Data Tel: +61 (0)3 9347 0300 A catalogue record for this title is available Blackwell Publishing, 10 rue Casimir from the British Library Delavigne, 75006 Paris, France ISBN 1–84127–221–3 Tel: +33 1 53 10 33 10 Originated as Sheffield Academic Press Published in the USA and Canada (only) by Set in 10.5/12pt Times CRC Press LLC by Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd, 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W. Pondicherry, India Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA Printed and bound in Great Britain, Orders from the USA and Canada (only) to using acid-free paper by CRC Press LLC MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall USA and Canada only: For further information on ISBN 0–8493–9788–X Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: The right of the Author to be identified as the www.blackwellpublishing.com Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
Peeling Back the Print Industry's Plastic Problem
greenHAT | Lamination: Peeling back the print industry’s plastic problem LAMINATION Peeling back the print industry’s plastic problem A report by Sophie McDonald Peeling back the print industry’s plastic problem Contents The plastic problem 3 What about recycling? 5 Are there any green alternatives? 8 The verdict 12 What do the people in print have to say? 13 Where does Green Hat stand? 15 Summary • Vast amounts of printed materials are coated in plastic lamination. This is often unnecessary and purely used to improve appearance. • Plastic and paper can’t be recycled together. Laminates should be removed and disposed of separately before recycling the paper element. • It’s unclear whether eco-friendly laminates match up to their claims. They may not be properly identified and processed by waste management facilities and end up going to incineration or landfill. • Avoiding lamination altogether is the best solution. • Green Hat avoid lamination wherever possible and aim to spread further awareness of this issue in the print industry. Photo by Ron Dyar on Unsplash Cover by Bank Phrom on Unsplash 2 Peeling back the print industry’s plastic problem The Plastic problem 3 Peeling back the print industry’s plastic problem The Plastic Problem Plastic pollution is the conversation on everyone’s lips. Generally speaking, most of us can agree that single-use plastics spell bad news. As a society we’ve greatly increased our awareness of the negative environmental impacts of daily items like straws, takeaway coffee cups and plastic bottles. And we know it’s pointless to create a product that will last for hundreds of years, yet only be used for a matter of minutes. -
Packaging Technology
PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY KAZAKH NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN 19 - 30 OCT. 2015 by ROSNITA A. TALIB BSc (Food Sc & Tech), MSc. (Packaging Engineering) UPM PhD (Materials Engineering) Sheffield, UK. Department of Process and Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Universiti Putra Malaysia Email: [email protected] Course Outcomes Students are able to : 1. To describe the functions, basic packaging design elements and concepts 2. To analyse various types of packaging materials for use on appropriate food 3. To differentiate standard test methods for packaging quality control 4. Describe various types of packaging equipment in food industry References/Textbooks 1. Soroka, W. (2009) Fundamentals of Packaging Technology. Naperville. Instituue of Packaging Professionals. 2. Klimchuk, M.R. and Krasovec, S.A. (2006) Packaging Design Successful Product Branding from Concept to Shelf. Hoboken. John Wileys & Sons 3. Morris, S.A. (2010). Food Packaging Engineering. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing Professional. 4. Robertson, G.L. (2006). Food Packaging - Principles and Practice (2nd Edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press. 5. Kelsey, R.J. (2004). Handbook of Package Engineering (4th Edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Package vs Packaging - Simple examples of package: boxes on the grocer's shelf and wrapper on a candy bar. - The crate around a machine or a bulk container for chemicals. - Generically, package is any containment form. - Package (noun) is an object. A physical form that is intended to contain, protect/preserve; aid in safe, efficient transport and distribution; and finally act to inform and motivate a purchase decision on the part of a consumer. Package vs Packaging Packaging is Packaging also - Packaging is a verb, reflecting the ever-changing nature of the The development and production of medium. -
Enhanced Bimodal PE Makes the Impossible Possible
Enhanced Bimodal PE makes the impossible possible Steven Sheu Borouge Pte Ltd. Oct. 2006, Shanghai 1 Borouge reference line 2006 © 2006 Borouge Pte Ltd BorstarBorstar TechnologyTechnology Dual reactor, bimodal Fraction % 12345 process Processability Mechanical Broad molecular weight lubricant strength distribution tie molecules Taste, Odour, Smoke, Processability, Combines good Migration melt strength, swell, processability and good orientation development mechanical strength Tailored comonomer addition Low taste & odour Bimodal Improved low temperature properties Wide range of MFR and Conventional densities achievable Molecular weight 1. To be avoided 2 Necessary to bring down pro-cessing forces (extrusion) and to protect fraction (4) from being degraded. To avoid melt fracture (poor surface properties). This fraction is, however, mechani- cally weak and has to be rein-forced by (4). 4. Necessary to get high enough tie chain concentrations for toughness and strength. 5. Impact melt strength and modify rheological behaviour of the polymer melt. 2 Borouge reference line 2006 © 2006 Borouge Pte Ltd H:TAPPIConfChina WhatWhat isis Different?Different? Enhanced Bimodal PE LDPE LLDPE m-LLDPE 3 Borouge reference line 2006 © 2006 Borouge Pte Ltd H:TAPPIConfChina BimodalBimodal PEPE ProcessProcess TechnologiesTechnologies Loop - GP GP - GP Double slurry loop Dual/triple slurry tank Dual/triple solution * Borstar * Unipol II * Atofina * Hostalen * Dowlex * Evolue * Solvay * Mitsui CX * Adv. Sclairtech * Spherilene * Showa Denko * Equistar- -
Optimizing Thermoforming of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Trays by Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodologies
Optimizing Thermoforming of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) Trays by Design of Experiments (DOE) Methodologies Vishal M. Dhagat Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, UConn Storrs, CT 06269-4157 [email protected] Ravindra Thamma Manufacturing & Construction Management, CCSU 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT 06050 [email protected] Abstract The process of heating and reshaping plastics sheet and film materials has been in use since the beginning of the plastics industry better known as thermoforming. Today this process is very ubiquitous for industrial products including signage, housings, and hot tubs. It also produces much of the packaging in use today including blister packs, cartons, and food storage containers. The process of thermoforming has many advantages over other methods for producing high quality plastic products, with some limitations, which can be resolved by implementing stringent quality control using scientific methods to improve process performance. Two areas of interest in today’s industry of great concerns are lean manufacturing operations and environment. Thermoforming of high impact polystyrene sheets using vacuum forming technique requires technical knowledge on material behavior, mold type, mold material, and process variables. Research on these various subjects is well documented but very limited research is done in process optimization of HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene). Design of Experiments (DOE) approaches like the face-centered cubic central composite design can be used to refine the process and to minimize rejects. In this paper, we present a case study on thermoforming of HIPS single use trays made on a semi automatic machine using three criteria solely based on the FCC Design method. The optimization of tray forming and wall thickness distribution is explored. -
Financial Costs of Plastics Marking" Was Launched by the Com- Mission of the European Communities (DG-XI) in February 1999
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Sustainable Plastic Packaging
® Thermoforming ® Quarterly A JOURNAL OF THE THERMOFORMING DIVISION OF THE SOCIETY OF PLASTIC ENGINEERS FIRST QUARTER 2013 I VOLUME 32 I NUMBER 1 MANAGE WHAT YOU MEASURE Revisiting Labor-Based Costing pages 8-11 INSIDE … Sustainability: Strengthening the Message pages 20-25 SPE Council Review pages 28-29 WWW.THERMOFORMINGDIVISION.COM Thermoforming FIRST QUARTER 2013 Thermoforming Quarterly® VOLUME 32 I NUMBER 1 Quarterly® A JOURNAL PUBLISHED EACH Contents MANAGE WHAT YOU MEASURE CALENDAR QUARTER BY THE THERMOFORMING DIVISION I Departments OF THE SOCIETY OF Chairman’s Corner R 2 PLASTICS ENGINEERS Thermoforming in the News R 4 Editor Front Cover Conor Carlin University News R 15 (617) 771-3321 Thermoforming & Sustainability R 20-25 [email protected] Sponsorships Laura Pichon (847) 829-8124 +LJKHUSULFHG *URZLQJ DQGRU'HSOHWHG 'HPDQGIRU )RVVLO)XHOV 3ODVWLFV :RUOGZLGH Fax (815) 678-4248 [email protected] 3ODVWLFV 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ (IIRUWV I Features Conference Coordinator &RQVXPHUDQG 5HJXODWRU\ 5HWDLOHU 3UHVVXUHV Lesley Kyle 3UHVVXUHV *+*V HPLVVLRQVHWF The Business of Thermoforming R 8-11 (914) 671-9524 Page 20 The Dangers of Direct Labor-Based Costing in Manufacturing [email protected] Thermoforming Division Industry Practice R 12-13 Executive Assistant Grant to Help Students See Manufacturing as Opportunity Gwen Mathis Cover Artwork courtesy of Dallager Photography (706) 235-9298 All Rights Reserved 2012 Fax (706) 295-4276 [email protected] Thermoforming Quarterly® is pub- lished four times annually as an infor- mational and educational bulletin to Page 12 the members of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Thermoforming Division, and the thermoforming industry. The name, “Thermoforming Quarterly®” and its logotype, are registered trademarks of the Thermoforming Division of the Society I In This Issue of Plastics Engineers, Inc. -
Metalized Film to Board Lamination Boosts Product Visibility,How Major
Located in Green Bay, Wisconsin - Operations: 920-983-8000 Sales: 920-983-8008 https://www.sierracoating.com/blog/author/sierra-coating/ > Page: 1 Paper, Climate Change and Common Sense Submitted: Kathi Rowzie August 18, 2021 The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently released updated projections about the effects of human activity on our planet, warning that inaction to immediately address climate risk will yield dire consequences. The IPCC’s conclusions and recommendations will no doubt be the subject of continuing debate, but there are three things that most people agree on: the climate is warming, humans play a role, and we need to do something about it. However, without broad-based public understanding of how the environment works, there is an unfortunate tendency to believe that all manufacturing industries and processes must be part of the problem, a misconception that some in the ENGO community and the news media are only too happy to exploit. They push the thoroughly unscientific narrative that paper contributes massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, a byproduct of tree harvesting, manufacturing processes and paper waste. Far from mitigating climate change, it’s a narrative that could stifle an industry that is, in reality, a part of the solution. Mitigating climate change demands a common-sense approach that is https://www.sierracoating.com/blog/author/sierra-coating/ > September 27, 2021 > Total pages: 40 Located in Green Bay, Wisconsin - Operations: 920-983-8000 Sales: 920-983-8008 https://www.sierracoating.com/blog/author/sierra-coating/ > Page: 2 grounded in sound science, embraces proven strategies, and invests in driving continuous improvement. -
The Use of Metallocene Polyethylene in Co-Extruded Lamination Film
The Use of Metallocene Polyethylene in Co-Extruded Lamination Film Simone Viganò ExxonMobil Chemical Europe ABSTRACT The value of metallocene LLDPE compared with other polyethylene’s (e.g. LDPE, C4-LLDPE etc) has been examined in 3-layer co-extruded lamination film formulations, with particular focus on competitive sealant polymers such as C8-LLDPEs. The examination demonstrated that films formulated with metallocene LLDPE imparted significantly better sealing properties compared with other polymers, resulting in significant improvements in packaging line speed. This presentation illustrates the comparative results and the conclusions drawn from them. INTRODUCTION Adhesive lamination is a converting technology used to make multilayer structures, often referred to as laminates. Laminates result from bonding together one or more substrates (e.g. polyamide, polyester or polypropylene films, aluminum foils, paper, etc.) and a polyolefin film (most often polyethylene) by means of an adhesive system (Figure 1). OPET, OPP, OPA 12-20 µm Adhesive + printing 1.5-2.5 µm Alu 6-12 µm or metOPET, metOPP, metOPA Sealant layer • mono or coex (up to 7-layer) PE 40-120 µm • may also contain “barrier” polymers Figure 1 The composite structure will retain some of the properties of the individual components, i.e.: • Barrier properties, i.e. low or controlled permeability to gas and moisture, barrier to light and aroma retention; • Sealing properties; • Optical properties, gloss in particular; • Mechanical properties; • Organoleptic properties. A laminate allows a much better compromise among these properties than a single film. Laminated structures therefore lend themselves naturally to applications in demanding end-uses of the flexible packaging industry, like food packaging with medium to long shelf-life.