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China's Eugenics Law As Grounds for Granting Asylum
Washington International Law Journal Volume 5 Number 3 7-1-1996 China's Eugenics Law as Grounds for Granting Asylum Graciela Gómez Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Graciela Gómez, Comment, China's Eugenics Law as Grounds for Granting Asylum, 5 Pac. Rim L & Pol'y J. 563 (1996). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wilj/vol5/iss3/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington International Law Journal by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright 0 1996 Pacific Rim Law & Policy Association CHINA'S EUGENICS LAW AS GROUNDS FOR GRANTING ASYLUM Graciela G6mez Abstract: China has instituted two controversial population control programs. First instituted in 1979, the One Child Policy seeks to control population growth by limiting the number of children born to married couples. The Maternal and Infant Health Care Law ("Eugenics Law"), effective June of 1995, has a stated purpose of improving the quality of the population by mandating sterilization for people with serious genetic defects. Implementation of the One Child Policy has led to forced abortion and involuntary sterilization. The Eugenics Law is likely to engender similar types of human rights abuses. Since 1989, the U.S. Board of Immigration Appeals has refused to give asylum to Chinese nationals fleeing persecution because of reproductive rights violations. -
Master Thesis
MASTER THESIS Titel der Master Thesis „ A Broken Generation – The Social Implications of the One Child Policy, and its Place in China’s Human Rights Development “ verfasst von Jake Mendrik angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 992 884 Universitätslehrgang: Universitätslehrgang Master of Arts in Human Rights Betreut von: Univ. -Prof. Dr. Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik 1 Freedom is priceless, My life is a limited dream, I prefer to be jade broken, To save China in martyrdom. Lin Zhao (1932-1968) 2 Contents My Last Farewell Verse – A Poem ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter One – Origins of the One Child Policy ...................................................................... 12 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Population control in Chinese history – the eugenics movement ............................ 13 1.2 Mao’s China ........................................................................................................... -
Manchu Grammar (Gorelova).Pdf
HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 1 MANCHU GRAMMAR HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 2 HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION EIGHT CENTRAL ASIA edited by LILIYA M. GORELOVA VOLUME SEVEN MANCHU GRAMMAR HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 3 MANCHU GRAMMAR EDITED BY LILIYA M. GORELOVA BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KÖLN 2002 HdO.Gorelova.7.vw.L 25-04-2002 15:50 Pagina 4 This book is printed on acid-free paper Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Gorelova, Liliya M.: Manchu Grammar / ed. by Liliya M. Gorelova. – Leiden ; Boston ; Köln : Brill, 2002 (Handbook of oriental studies : Sect.. 8, Central Asia ; 7) ISBN 90–04–12307–5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gorelova, Liliya M. Manchu grammar / Liliya M. Gorelova p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section eight. Central Asia ; vol.7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004123075 (alk. paper) 1. Manchu language—Grammar. I. Gorelova, Liliya M. II. Handbuch der Orientalis tik. Achte Abteilung, Handbook of Uralic studies ; vol.7 PL473 .M36 2002 494’.1—dc21 2001022205 ISSN 0169-8524 ISBN 90 04 12307 5 © Copyright 2002 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by E.J. Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. -
Politiker, Parteivorsitzender Communist Party of Australia Biographie 1955-1956 Ein Australisches Studienteam Unter Laurence Aarons Reist in China
Report Title - p. 1 of 104 Report Title Aarons, Laurence = Aarons, Laurie (Sydney 1917-2005 Sydney) : Politiker, Parteivorsitzender Communist Party of Australia Biographie 1955-1956 Ein australisches Studienteam unter Laurence Aarons reist in China. [StraL2:S. 201] 1958 Laurence Aarons besucht Beijing. [StraL2:S. 227] Albinski, Henry = Albinski, Henry Stephen (1931-2003 Sydney) : Professor University of Sydney, University of Melbourne, Curtin University Bibliographie : Autor Albinski, Henry S. Australian policies and attitudes towards China. (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1965). [WC] Allgrove, John (um 1966) : Australischer Diplomat Biographie 1966 John Allgrove ist australischer Handelskommissar in Hong Kong. [ChiAus3] Alston, Richard = Alston, Richard Kenneth Robert (Perth 1941-) : Politiker, Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Biographie 2000 Sun Jiazheng besucht Canberra und trifft Richard Alston. [Tho2] 2000 Richard Alston besucht Shanghai um über ein online Handels-System zu diskutieren, Xi’an und Beijing. Er trifft Wu Bangguo in Beijing. [Tho2] 2000 Eine chinesische kulturelle Regierungs-Delegation unter Sun Jiazheng besucht Australien. Er trifft Richard Alston, Peter McGauran und Zhou Wenchong. [ChiAus] Ambrose, David (um 1988) : Australischer Diplomat Biographie 1985-1988 David Ambrose ist Botschafter der australischen Botschaft in Beijing. [Int] 1997-2000 David Ambrose ist Generalkonsul des australischen Generalkonsulats in Shanghai. [ChiAus4] Anderson, John Duncan = Anderson, John (Sydney -
The 200-Years Crisis in Relation Between Parhae and Silla
Vol. 2, No. 1 Asian Culture and History Ritual and Diplomacy: The 200-Years Crisis in Relation between Parhae and Silla Alexander A. Kim Faculty of history, Ussuriysk State Pedagogic institute 692000, Russian Federation, t. Ussuriysk, Nekrasova St. 35, Russia Tel: 7-4234-346787 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The state of Parhae (in Chinese reading- Bohai) existed in what is now Russian Maritime region, North Korea and Northeastern China from the late 7th to the early 10th centuries AD. Parhae played a major role at relations between Silla, Japan and Chinese empire Tang. Of course, Parhae was subjected to important cultural influence from other countries and in some cases followed their ritual and diplomatic tradition. Many specialists from Japan, Russia, China and both Korean states have done research of different aspects of Parhae history and culture. However, many scholars have not paid attention to influence of ritual system at international relation of Parhae. In opinion of author, Parhae and Silla had antagonistic relation during 200 years because they could not agree about their respective vis-à-vis status each other. For example, Silla did not want to recognize Parhae as a sovereign state, which by recognized and independence state from China, but Silla was vassal of empire Tang. This article critically analyzes relation between Parhae and Silla for of the origin of conflict of between countries using Russian and Korean materials (materials by South and North Korean works). Keywords: History, Parhae (Bohai), Silla, Korea, Khitan 1. Situation before establishment of Bohai state and earliest periods of Bohai and Silla relations Parhae (in Chinese and Russian readings – Bohai, in Japanese reading- Bokkai) can be seen as a first state which existed in what is now Russian Far East, and this alone makes Parhae historically important. -
The Sui Dynasty and the Western Regions
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 247 April, 2014 The Sui Dynasty and the Western Regions by Yu Taishan Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc. -
Vol. 14, Spring 2000, No. 1 Judicial Psychiatry in China
COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF ASIAN LAW VOL. 14, SPRING 2000, NO. 1 JUDICIAL PSYCHIATRY IN CHINA AND ITS POLITICAL ABUSES * ROBIN MUNRO I. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1 II. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON ETHICAL PSYCHIATRY.......................................6 III. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................10 A. LAW AND PSYCHIATRY PRIOR TO 1949 .......................................................................10 B. THE EARLY YEARS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC ..........................................................13 C. THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION .....................................................................................22 D. PSYCHIATRIC ABUSE IN THE POST-MAO ERA ..............................................................34 IV. A SHORT GUIDE TO POLITICAL PSYCHOSIS ...............................................................38 A. MANIFESTATIONS OF COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY BEHAVIOR BY THE MENTALLY ILL ...38 B. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PARANOIAC AND A POLITICAL DISSIDENT?......40 V. THE LEGAL CONTEXT.......................................................................................................42 A. LEGAL NORMS AND JUDICIAL PROCESS.......................................................................42 B. COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY CRIMES IN CHINA .............................................................50 VI. THE ANKANG: CHINA’S SPECIAL PSYCHIATRIC -
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Chapter 6 Tang and Korea: Expansion and Withdrawal While the Turks, as the dominant contemporary nomad power in Mongolia, were inescapably a major concern in Chinese foreign relations until the mid-eighth century, Chinese rulers from Emperor Wen of the Sui dynasty to Gaozong of the Tang dynasty were also obsessed with the con quest of Koguryo. They launched massive and costly military expeditions against Koguryo on a scale unprecedented in previous Sino-Korean rela tions. The wars with Koguryo are a prime example of the use of aggres sive force as an instrument of Chinese foreign policy. Although ultimately successful tmder Tang Gaozong in the sense that Koguryo was destroyed, the wars were of questionable long-term benefit to China and instead in advertently contributed to the rise of a unified Korean state which deferred to but was essentially independent of China. As previous scholars have shown, there were pragmatic as well as ideological reasons for the continued interest of the early Tang rulers in Korea. Pulleyblank holds that the presence of strong separatist sentiments in the Hebei region made the Tang court at Chang’an feel threatened by the possibility of close relations between Hebei and its neighbor, Kogu- ryo.^ Somers considers Tang Taizong’s campaigns into the border regions of the Northeast as a necessary step for the extension of imperial rule into the North China Plain and as an important coercive measure for the full consolidation of dynastic power.^ Wechsler concludes that Tang feared that Koguryo would unify the whole Korean peninsula, and so it wanted to keep Korea divided and prevent its alliance with other non-Chinese in eastern Manchuria and in Japan. -
Challenging the Economic Reform Paradigm: Policy and Politics in the Early 1980S Collapse of the Rural Cooperative Medical System
Duckett, J. (2011) Challenging the economic reform paradigm: policy and politics in the early 1980s collapse of the rural cooperative medical system. China Quarterly . ISSN 0305-7410 http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/40722 Deposited on: 19 October 2010 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Challenging the Economic Reform Paradigm: Policy and Politics in the Early 1980s Collapse of the Rural Cooperative Medical System Jane Duckett University of Glasgow Accepted for publication in The China Quarterly . ABSTRACT Over the last two decades an economic reform paradigm has dominated social security and health research: economic reform policies have defined its parameters, established its premises, generated its questions and even furnished its answers. This paradigm has been particularly influential in accounts of the early 1980s collapse of China’s rural cooperative medical system (CMS), which is depicted almost exclusively as the outcome of the post-Mao economic policies that decollectivized agriculture. This paper draws primarily on government documents and newspaper reports from the late 1970s and early 1980s to argue that CMS collapse is better explained by a change in health policy. It shows that this policy change was in turn shaped both by post-Mao elite politics and by CMS institutions dating back to the late 1960s. The paper concludes by discussing how an explanation of CMS collapse that is centred on health policy and politics reveals the limitations of the economic reform paradigm and contributes to a fuller understanding of the post-Mao period. Over the last two decades, an economic reform paradigm has dominated research on social security and health in China. -
"Fight for Fertilizer!" Excrement, Public Health, and Mobilization in New China
~ - ~ 51 "Fight for Fertilizerl" Fertilizerl" Excrement, Public Health, and Mobilization Mobilization Journal ofof in New China China UNCONVENTIONALUNCONVENTIONAL Andrew Morris HistoryHistory Andrew Morris is a doctaral student in rrwdern Chinese history at University of California, San Diego. In October, 1994 he presented a paper entitled "The Republic of Taiwan and the Failure of Qjng Centralization, " at the Western Conference ofthe Association ofAsian Studies, Clarerrwnt, California. By the time this issue oftheJoumal is published, .he will have presented another paper, "'Mastery Without Enmity': Tiyu (Athletics) in Early Republican China," at the West Coast Graduate Conference in Modern Chinese History, Berkeley, California, in April 1995. Morris says, "lWuzt I lwped to do in this paper was to show, in as graphic a manner as possible, the concern of the Communist state far the rrwst personal of details in driving the Chinese nation towards the singular goal of rrwdernity in the Great Leap Forward. Public health and agricultural production campaigns both were based, very literally, in the excrement of the people of China. Comprehensive programs ofrrwbilization and rrwdernization could leave no stone unturned, and I have tried to examine the ways in which state organs attempted to transfarm basic habits of daily life into acts of explicitly political and national signifu;ance. " On October 31, 1959, a 44-year-old night soil carrier namedShi Chuanxiang stood before an audience of more than 6500 model workers from allover China at the -
Chapter 27. the Completion of Global Certification: the Horn of Africa and China P1227
CHAPTER 27 THE COMPLETION OF GLOBAL CERTIFICATION : THE HORN OF AFRICA AND CHINA Contents Page Introduction 1227 Preparations for the certification of smallpox eradication in the Horn of Africa 1228 Coordination of arrangements for certification 1229 Precertification activities in Ethiopia 1231 Precertification activities in Somalia 1237 Precertification activities in Kenya 1241 Precertification activities in Djibouti 1243 Smallpox surveillance among Muslim pilgrims from the Horn of Africa 1244 Certification of smallpox eradication in the Horn of Africa 1245 Preliminary visits to Ethiopia 1245 Visits by the international commissions 1247 Joint meeting in Nairobi 1247 Certification of smallpox eradication in China 1248 Lack of information on smallpox eradication 1248 Development of effective contacts with China 1250 Smallpox in Yunnan Province 1256 Smallpox in Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) 1257 Province of Taiwan 1258 Variolation in China after 1950 1259 Variola virus stocks 1260 Review by the Global Commission 1260 Conclusions 1261 INTRODUCTION The Horn of Africa comprises 3 contiguous countries, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti As the eradication of smallpox was cer- (Fig. 27.2), in the first 2 of which smallpox tified, country by country and region by had remained endemic after it had been region, global certification activities finally eliminated from every other country in the focused on the Horn of Africa and China (Fig . world. The eradication programme in these 27.1). For very different reasons, these were countries had been hindered by warfare and the last regions of the world to provide the civil disturbances (see Chapters 21 and 22), detailed information required before the which continued into the period of precerti- global eradication of smallpox could be certi- fication surveillance and of certification fied by the Global Commission in December itself. -
THE CREATION of MANZU IDE M RY and the SHAMAMC
PIAO HAN: THE CREATION OF MANZU IDEmRY AND THE SHAMAMC TRADITION tome Todd Holyoak A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Antiiropology University of Toronto O Copyright by Lome Todd Holyoak (2000) National LÏbfafy Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliograp hic Services services bibliographiques 395 Weflingtm Street 395. rue Weilingtm OttawaON KlAûN4 OüawaON K1AW canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive Licence allcwing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seii reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fïlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retaùis ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent êîre imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Piao Han: The Creation of Manzu Identity and the Shamanic Tradition, Doctor of Philosophy, 2000, Lome Todd Holyoak. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto. Abstract The Guan are a Manzu clan living in the village of Yi Lan Gang, Heilongjiang province. People's Republic of China. Research was undenaken in China from 1995 to 1997.