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Univerza V Ljubljani Fakulteta Za Družbene Vede UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE ALEŠ KRAMER Desne in leve politične stranke v Sloveniji: Odnos strankarskih družin do vojaško-obrambnih zvez v Sloveniji (Primer NATO) Diplomsko delo LJUBLJANA 2007 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE ALEŠ KRAMER Mentorica: doc. dr. Alenka Krašovec Somentor: red. prof. dr. Anton Bebler Desne in leve politične stranke v Sloveniji: Odnos strankarskih družin do vojaško-obrambnih zvez v Sloveniji (Primer NATO) Diplomsko delo LJUBLJANA 2007 ZAHVALA Zahvaljujem se vsem, ki ste mi stali ob strani pri pisanju diplomske naloge. Mami za potrpežljivost, Katji in njeni družini za vzpodbudo, mentorjema za strokovno pomoč, prijateljem za nasvete. DESNE IN LEVE POLITIČNE STRANKE V SLOVENIJI: ODNOS STRANKARSKIH DRUŽIN DO VOJAŠKO-OBRAMBNIH ZVEZ V SLOVENIJI (PRIMER NATO) V diplomskem delu preučujem povezavo med strankarskimi družinami in odnosom treh slovenskih političnih strank (LDS, ZLSD in SD(S)), predstavnic treh izbranih strankarskih družin, do NATA. Prav tako trem preučevanim političnim strankam določam položaj na kontinuumu levo–desno in preučujem povezanost med položajem strank na ideološkem kontinuumu in naklonjenostjo strank do NATA. V analizo vpeljem še geo-strateški položaj Slovenije pred in po osamosvojitvi, grožnje varnosti, opredeljene v dokumentih nacionalne varnosti, in zaznave groženj v javnem mnenju, ki so lahko vplivale na povezavo med ideologijami oziroma političnimi programi strank na varnostnem področju v obdobju od 1992 do 2004 ter odnosom strank do NATA. Te okoliščine oblikujejo okvir, v katerem stranke tehtajo možnosti povezovanja v vojaško-obrambne zveze. Politiko so opredelile v političnih programih, ki so povzeti v tretjem delu. V zaključku sem z dodatno analizo glasovalnega obnašanja ugotovil, da so stranke, kar se tiče odnosa do vojaško-obrambnih zvez, tipične predstavnice svojih strankarskih družin. Ključne besede: ideologija, strankarske družine, kontinuum levo-desno, politični programi, NATO. RIGHT AND LEFT POLITICAL PARTIES IN SLOVENIA: RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTY FAMILIES TOWARDS MILITARY ALLIANCES IN SLOVENIA (NATO) My diploma paper analyses the connection between the party families and the relationship of the three Slovenian political parties (LDS, ZLSD, and SDS(S)), as representatives of three selected party families, towards NATO. In the paper I also place the three analysed political parties on the left–right continuum. I also try to determine the influence of the party's left- right position on the relationship towards NATO. Through the course of the analysis I also present Slovenian geo-strategic position before and after independence. I have done that on the basis of security threats made to Slovenia's sovereignity, defined in national security documents, and on the basis of the threaths felt in the public opinion, which could have affected the connection between the ideologies and the political programmes in security policy during the period from 1992 to 2004. Parties take into account all these circustances when they consider joinig military alliance. Parties defined their policy in their manifestos. Further on, I present the relationship of the mentioned parties towards NATO. By the means of the roll-call analysis (National Assembly) I do conclude that the analysed parties are typical representatives of their party families as far as their relationship towards military- defense alliances is concerned. Key words: Ideology, Party Families, Left–Right Continuum, Political Programmes, NATO. KAZALO SEZNAM TABEL ....................................................................................................................6 SEZNAM KRATIC.................................................................................................................. 7 1. UVOD .................................................................................................................................... 8 1. 1 CILJI NALOGE .............................................................................................................. 8 1. 2 HIPOTEZI....................................................................................................................... 9 1. 3 RAZISKOVALNI PROBLEM ....................................................................................... 9 1. 4 RAZISKOVALNE METODE IN TEHNIKE............................................................... 10 1. 5 OPREDELITEV TEMELJNIH POJMOV................................................................... 11 1.5.1 Politična stranka ...................................................................................................... 11 1.5.2 Funkcije političnih strank........................................................................................ 12 1.5.3 Družbene cepitve in strankarske družine ................................................................ 13 1.5.4 Ideologija................................................................................................................. 14 1.5.4.1 Konservativizem............................................................................................... 16 1.5.4.2 Konservativizem na obrambnem področju ...................................................... 19 1.5.4.3 Liberalizem....................................................................................................... 20 1.5.4.4 Liberalizem na obrambnem področju .............................................................. 21 1.5.4.5 Socializem ........................................................................................................ 22 1.5.4.6 Socializem na obrambnem področju................................................................ 23 1.5.5 Program ................................................................................................................... 27 1.5.6 Kontinuum levo–desno ........................................................................................... 29 1.5.7 Vojaško-politična obrambna organizacija (Primer NATA) .................................... 32 2. LEVO IN DESNO V SLOVENIJI.................................................................................... 36 2.1 STRANKARSKE DRUŽINE NA SLOVENSKEM...................................................... 36 2.2 DOJEMANJE LEVEGA IN DESNEGA V SLOVENIJI.............................................. 39 2.2.1 Vsebina ideološkega kontinuuma levo–desno v Sloveniji...................................... 39 2.2.2 Razlikovanje med Zahodno in Vzhodno Evropo .................................................... 40 2.3 LDS NA KONTINUUMU LEVO–DESNO.................................................................. 41 2.4 ZLSD NA KONTINUUMU LEVO–DESNO................................................................ 44 2.5 SDS NA KONTINUUMU LEVO–DESNO .................................................................. 46 3. STALIŠČE SLOVENSKIH STRANK DO OBRAMBNO-POLITIČNIH ZVEZ ....... 49 3.1 VARNOSTNI POLOŽAJ SLOVENIJE PO OSAMOSVOJITVI IN ODNOS DO VARNOSTI.......................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.1 Javno mnenje o ogroženosti Slovenije.................................................................... 54 3.2 ODNOS LDS DO OBRAMBNO-POLITIČNIH ZVEZ............................................... 57 3.2.1 Obdobje 1990–1992 ................................................................................................ 57 3.2.2 Obdobje 1992–1996 ................................................................................................ 57 3.2.3 Obdobje 1996–2000 ................................................................................................ 58 3.2.4 Obdobje 2000–2004 ................................................................................................ 59 3.2.5 Program Mlade liberalne demokracije .................................................................... 60 3.2.6 Mnenje poslanca LDS, Antona Anderliča............................................................... 61 3.3 ODNOS ZLSD DO OBRAMBNO-POLITIČNIH ZVEZ ............................................. 61 3.3.1 Obdobje 1990–1992 ................................................................................................ 61 5 3.3.2 Obdobje 1992–1996 ................................................................................................ 62 3.3.3 Obdobje 1996–2000 ................................................................................................ 63 3.3.4 Obdobje 2000–2004 ................................................................................................ 64 3.3.5 Mladi forum Združene liste..................................................................................... 65 3.3.6 Mnenje poslanca ZLSD, Aurelija Jurija.................................................................. 66 3.4 ODNOS SDS DO OBRAMBNO-POLITIČNIH ZVEZ................................................ 66 3.4.1 Obdobje 1990–1992 ................................................................................................ 66 3.4.2 Obdobje 1992–1996 ................................................................................................ 67 3.4.3 Obdobje 1996–2000 ................................................................................................ 68 3.4.4 Obdobje 2000–2004 ................................................................................................ 69 3.4.5 Socialdemokratska mladina....................................................................................
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