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Bestimmungsschlüssel Makrophyten Deutschland

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Bestimmungsschlüssel Makrophyten Deutschland Bestimmungsschlüssel für die aquatischen Makrophyten (Gefäßpflanzen, Armleuchteralgen und Moose) in Deutschland Klaus van de Weyer und Carsten Schmidt Bestimmungsschlüssel für die aquatischen Makrophyten (Gefäßpflanzen, Armleuchteralgen und Moose) in Deutschland Version 1.1, 20.05.2007 Auftraggeber: Ministerium für Ländliche Entwicklung, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Brandenburg Postfach 601150 14411 Potsdam Bearbeitung: Dr. Klaus van de Weyer Dr. Carsten Schmidt (Moose) Birgit Kreimeier (Zeichnungen Moose) Dagmar Wassong (Zeichnungen Gefäßpflanzen und Armleuchteralgen) lanaplan Lobbericher Str. 5 D-41334 Nettetal tel 02153-971922 fax 02153-971921 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.lanaplan.de Inhaltsverzeichnis 0 Einleitung...................................................................................................................... 5 1 Einführung in die bestimmungsrelevanten Merkmale der Gefäßpflanzen ................... 6 1.1 Bestimmungsmerkmale.......................................................................................... 6 1.2 Konservierung ...................................................................................................... 12 2 Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Hauptgruppen............................................................. 13 3 Batrachiden ................................................................................................................. 17 4 Ceratophylliden........................................................................................................... 21 5 Chariden...................................................................................................................... 23 6 Elodeiden .................................................................................................................... 30 7 Equisetiden.................................................................................................................. 31 8 Graminoiden ............................................................................................................... 32 9 Herbiden...................................................................................................................... 33 10 Isoëtiden...................................................................................................................... 36 11 Junciden ...................................................................................................................... 37 12 Lemniden .................................................................................................................... 38 13 Magnonymphaeiden.................................................................................................... 40 14 Magnopotamiden ........................................................................................................ 44 15 Myriophylliden ........................................................................................................... 48 16 Parvonymphaeiden...................................................................................................... 51 17 Parvopotamiden .......................................................................................................... 52 18 Pepliden....................................................................................................................... 59 19 Riccielliden ................................................................................................................. 61 20 Stratiotiden.................................................................................................................. 62 21 Vallisneriden (incl. Parvonymphaeiden) .................................................................... 63 22 Bryiden (Moose)......................................................................................................... 66 22.1 Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Hauptgruppen der Moose....................................... 75 22.2 Schlüssel A – Moose in Stillgewässern und Quellfluren im Offenland ................. 76 22.3 Schlüssel B – Thallose Lebermoose ....................................................................... 86 22.4 Schlüssel C – Laubmoose und beblätterte Lebermoose in oder an kalkreichen Fließgewässsern .......................................................................................................... 89 22.5 Schlüssel D – Laubmoose und beblätterte Lebermoose in oder an kalkarmen Fließgewässern............................................................................................................ 96 23 Literatur..................................................................................................................... 103 23.1 Wuchsformen der Makrophyten ........................................................................... 103 23.2 Nomenklatur ......................................................................................................... 103 23.3 Rote Listen, Natura 2000...................................................................................... 103 23.4 Konservierung....................................................................................................... 103 23.5 Bestimmungsliteratur für Makrophyten................................................................ 104 23.5.1 Farn- und Blütenpflanzen......................................................................................................... 104 23.5.2 Characeae ................................................................................................................................. 109 23.5.3 Moose....................................................................................................................................... 110 Anhang: Abbildungen der Taxa Taxaliste Aquatische Makrophyten in Deutschland (Phanerogamen, Bryophyta, Charophyta), Stand: 10.05.2007 5 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 0 Einleitung Der vorliegende Bestimmungsschlüssel berücksichtigt die in Deutschland nachgewiesenen aquatischen Makrophyten. Hierunter werden diejenigen Arten verstanden, die aquatische Formen ausbilden. Bezugsebene ist der mittlere Wasserstand, nicht berücksichtigt sind z.B. Arten des Grünlandes, die bei Hochwässern komplett überflutet werden können. Ebenfalls nicht aufgenommen sind in diesem Schlüssel Landformen der aquatischen Makrophyten. Der Bestimmungsschlüssel basiert auf den von WIEGLEB (1991) und VAN DE WEYER (1999) beschriebenen Wuchsformen der Makrophyten. Für die Bestimmung wurden die im Literaturverzeichnis (Kap. 23) angegebenen Arbeiten verwendet. Die Nomenklatur folgt WISSKIRCHEN & HAEUPLER (1998): Farn- und Blütenpflanzen mit folgenden Ausnahmen: • Baldellia: VAN DER MEIJDEN (2005) • Callitriche: LANSDOWN (2006) • Juncus: KIRSCHNER et al. (2002) • Potamogeton-Hybriden: WIEGLEB & KAPLAN (1998) • Ranunculus Subgenus Batrachium: WIEGLEB (2005a) • Zannichellia: VAN DER MEIJDEN (2005) (s.a. VAN VIERSSEN 1982) Die Bezeichnungen von Sippen, die in diesen Arbeiten nicht enthalten sind, folgen „The International Plant Names Index“ (www.ipni.org). An dieser Stelle sei ausdrücklich auf BERGMEIER (1994) hingewiesen, der verschiedene taxonomische Problemfälle darstellt (z.B. Zostera angustifolia [HORNEM.] RCHB., vgl. RAABE 1973). Die Nomenklatur der Armleuchteralgengewächse folgt BLÜMEL & RAABE (2004), die der Moose KOPERSKI et al. (2000). Der Calliergon-Scorpidium-Drepanocladus-Komplex wurde nach HEDENÄS (2003) benannt. Die folgenden Personen gaben Anregungen zum Bestimmungsschlüssel oder Hinweise: U. W. Abts (Krefeld), Prof. Dr. W. Bennert (Bochum), Dr. K.-P. Buttler (Frankfurt/Main), Dr. Angela Doege (Miltizberg), Dr. Annick Garniel (Kiel), Dr. Thomas Gregor (Vechta), Andreas Hussner (Düsseldorf), Norbert Neikes (Nettetal), Frank Pätzold (Baden-Baden), Uwe Raabe (Marl), Frau Dr. S. Schneider (Oslo), Joop van Raam (Hilversum) und Prof. Dr. G. Wiegleb (Cottbus) sowie die Teilnehmer mehrerer Makrophyten-Bestimmungskurse. Peter Bolbrinker (Altkalen), J. Bruinsma (Breugel, Niederlande), Dr. Ekkehard Foerster (Kleve), Dr. Ulf Schmitz (Düsseldorf) und Peter Wolff (Saarbrücken) lasen das Manuskript. Ihnen allen sei herzlich gedankt. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Klaus van de Weyer & Carsten Schmidt Makrophytenschlüssel Deutschland 6 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Einführung in die bestimmungsrelevanten Merkmale der Gefäßpflanzen 1.1 Bestimmungsmerkmale Zum Bau der Pflanzen sei ausdrücklich auf ROTHMALER (2005) verwiesen. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sind hieran stark angelehnt. Nachfolgend werden einige der für den vorliegendenen Bestimmungsschlüssel notwendigen Merkmale beschrieben: Abb. 1-1: Form von Sprossachsen: sr = stielrund, hsr = halbstielrund, ka = kantig, gr = gerieft, gf = gefurcht, kgf = kantig gefurcht, gfl = geflügelt Abb. 1-2: Stellung von Blättern an der Sprossachse: ws = wechselständig, gs = gegenständig, wi = wirtelig Blätter: • Blattrosette: Blätter zu mehreren scheinquirlig am Grunde des Sprosses (Isoëtiden) oder an der Spitze des Sprosses (Callitriche) • Blatthäutchen (Ligula): der röhrige oder bauchige Blattgrund, der den Stängel umschliesst • Nebenblatt (Stipula): zipfel- oder blattartige Ausgliederungen des Blattgrundes. Bei Potamogeton sind die Nebenblätter scheinbar achselständig. Sie können den unteren Teil des Blattes einschließen (z.B. Potamogeton pectinatus). Für die Bestimmung
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