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MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ARTS AND PAPERS OF THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF LETTERS SCIENCE ARTS AND LETTERS EDITORS VOLUME XXVI (1940) EUGENE S. MCCARTNEY CONTAINING PAPERS SUBMITTED AT THE ANNUAL MISCHA TITIEV MEETING IN 1940 VOLUME XXVI (1940) IN FOUR PARTS VOLUME XXVI CONSISTS OF FOUR PARTS: “Pusilla res mundus est nisi in illo quod quaerat omnis mundus habeat.” PART I: BOTANY AND FORESTRY —SENECA, Naturales Quaestiones PART II: ZOOLOGY ANN ARBOR: THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PART III: GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 1941 PART IV: GENERAL SECTION All rights reserved ANTHROPOLOGY, ECONOMICS COPYRIGHT, 1941, BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Set up and printed, he annual volumes of Papers of the Michigan February, 1941 T Academy of Science, Arts and Letters are issued Published March, 1941 under the joint direction of the Council of the Academy PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and of the Executive Board of the Graduate School of BY THE PLIMPTON PRESS · NORWOOD · MASS. the University of Michigan. The editor for the Academy is William C. Steere; for the University, Eugene S. McCartney. Dr. Mischa Titiev served as acting editor for OFFICERS FOR 1940 the Academy in 1940. President Previous publications of The Michigan Academy of CARL E. GUTHE Science now known as The Michigan Academy of University of Michigan Science, Arts and Letters, were issued under the title, Vice-President Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. CHARLES W. CREASER Wayne University Twenty-two volumes were published, of which those numbered 1, 7, 21 and 22 are out of print. Copies of the Section Chairmen other volumes are still available for distribution and will ANTHROPOLOGY, Emerson Greenman, University of Michigan be sent on exchange so long as the editions last. BOTANY, Adelia MeCrea, Parke Davis & Co., Detroit Applications for copies should be made to the University ECONOMICS, Robert S. Ford, University of Michigan FORESTRY, F. P. Struhsaker, Department of Conservation, Lansing of Michigan Press. GEOGRAPHY, Alice Camerer, Wayne University, Detroit The Annual Reports which are now being published GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY, J. B. Maebius, Saginaw HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, Lawrence Preuss, University of contain the proceedings of the Academy. Applications Michigan for copies should be addressed to the Librarian of the LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, C. P. Halligan, Michigan State College University of Michigan. LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, Bruno Meinecke, University of Michigan PHILOSOPHY, Walter Van Saun, Hope College, Holland Volumes XXIV-XXVI are also issued in four parts, in PSYCHOLOGY, David M. Trout, Central State Teachers College, Mount paper covers. The contents and the prices of these Pleasant SANITARY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE, Icie Mach Hoobler, Detroit parts and the prices of all volumes in the series are listed SOCIOLOGY, Raymond L. Hightower, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo at the end of this volume. Orders for volumes and ZOOLOGY, A. S. Hazzard, University of Michigan requests for detailed book lists of other University of Secretary Michigan publications should be sent to the University of L. J. Young, University of Michigan Michigan Press. Treasurer E. C. Prophet, Michigan State College Editor W. C. Steere, University of Michigan Librarian W. W. Bishop, University of Michigan Selections from Papers of the MASAL--Vol. 26 – Page 1 of 50 CONTENTS Figs. 8-12. Total alkalinity and free CO2 concentrations from surface to a depth of 22 meters at different seasons .......6 ZOOLOGY Fig. 13. Hydrogen-ion concentration at different seasons. ......6 A LIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF A PERMANENTLY Figs. 14-16. Distribution of bottom organisms at different STRATIFIED LAKE IN THE HURON MOUNTAIN REGION OF seasons............................................................................7 NORTHERN MICHIGAN. Lloyd L. Smith, Jr........................... 3 GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY DICK: A STUDY OF SETTLEMENT AND LAND USE IN LIVINGSTON Figs. 1-5. Location map of Livingston County, Michigan, and COUNTY, MICHIGAN. W. Bruce Dick................................... 9 maps and figures showing source of immigrants and advance of settlement there.............................................9 EARLY MAPS OF ANTARCTIC LAND, TRUE AND FALSE. William Herbert Hobbs .................................................... 28 Figs. 6-14. Representative architecture ................................12 A COVER MAP BASED ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS, EMMET Figs. 15-17. Maps showing townships, roads, and land types COUNTY, MICHIGAN. Omar H. Lovejoy............................. 30 of Livingston County.......................................................13 THE AGRICULTURAL PATTERN OF THE EASTERN HIGHLAND Figs. 18-19, 21-31. Maps showing location of sample farms RIM PLATEAU OF TENNESSEE. H. Thompson Straw ......... 31 and detailed analyses of their soils ................................15 GEOLOGY Fig. 20. Gully erosion in an idle field. ....................................17 Figs. 32-39. Maps of Livingston County showing relationship JURASSIC AND CRETACEOUS STRATA OF THE CAMP DAVIS between land types and taxation and between land types AREA, WYOMING. Ernest Dobrovolny .............................. 38 and financial assistance to farmers ................................24 NEW SPECIES OF FOSSILS FROM THE MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN LOVEJOY: Fig. 1. Section of cover map made from air OF MICHIGAN. Russell C. Hussey.................................... 43 photographs ...................................................................30 ANTHROPOLOGY STRAW: POROSITY STUDIES OF ANCIENT POTTERY. Frederick R. Figs 1-5. Maps of the Eastern Highland Rim Plateau of Matson............................................................................. 45 Tennessee indicating location, surface geology, farmland, improved farmland, and cropland...................................31 HOPEWELLIAN POTTERY TYPES IN MICHIGAN. George I. Figs. 6-10. Type studies of cover and surface of selected Quimby, Jr....................................................................... 48 areas of the Eastern Highland Rim Plateau ...................34 GEOLOGY ILLUSTRATIONS DOBROVOLNY: Fig. 1. Columnar correlation chart of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of western Wyoming...................39 PLATES GEOGRAPHY STRAW: Pls. I-III. Views illustrating the terrain, agriculture, and small industries in the Eastern Highland Rim Plateau of Tennessee......................................................................36 GEOLOGY HUSSEY: Pl. I. Fossils from the Middle Ordovician of Michigan .......................................................................45 ANTHROPOLOGY QUIMBY: Pl. I. Hopewellian pottery types...............................50 FIGURES IN THE TEXT ZOOLOGY SMITH: Fig. 1. Contour map of Canyon Lake in the Huron Mountains, Marquette County, Michigan.............................................3 Figs. 2-6. Temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration from surface to a depth of 22 meters at different seasons4 Fig. 7. Dissolved oxygen concentration when ice covered the lake...................................................................................5 Selections from Papers of the MASAL--Vol. 26 – Page 2 of 50 50 feet and form most of the lateral margins. Near the A LIMNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION southeast end these walls recede from the water and OF A PERMANENTLY STRATIFIED give place to a swamp which blocks the overflow from LAKE IN THE HURON MOUNTAIN the lake. Maximum depth of 22.5 meters is attained near the north end of the lake. As Figure 1 indicates, the REGION OF NORTHERN shoal area is limited to a small region at the shallow end. MICHIGAN* All other shores plunge off almost vertically into deep water. LLOYD L. SMITH, JR. URING the progress of a fisheries investigation on D the waters of the Huron Mountain Club in Marquette County, Michigan, observations were made on an uncommon type of lake. The physical and chemical conditions existing at all seasons of the year indicate permanent stratification, with an incomplete vernal and autumnal overturn. References in the literature to similar American bodies of water are few. Eggleton (1931) gave some evidence that Kirkville Green Lake in New York State may be stagnant or, at least, that permanent stagnation is possible. The physiography of its basin and certain characteristics in the distribution of its bottom fauna point to this conclusion. Welch (1935) mentioned small lakes which show physiographic characters indicating incomplete overturn. Ruttner (1931) discussed similar conditions in a tropical lake. Findenegg (1933, 1937) reported on lakes in central Europe that had incomplete overturn and permanent chemical stratification. Yoshimura (1937) investigated several lakes in Japan with permanent stagnation and lists a group of similar lakes in various parts of the world. The author wishes to thank Messers Charles H. Hodges, Jr., and Wetmore Hodges, who have made the study possible by their financial support; the management and membership of the Huron Mountain Club for cooperation in the field work; Drs. Carl L. Hubbs and Paul S. Welch FIG. 1. A contour map of Canyon Lake in the Huron Mountains, Marquette County, Michigan. Contour lines are at for their helpful suggestions and criticism of the 3-meter intervals manuscript; and Mr. J. P. Harris for assistance in laboratory examinations. The watershed is small and for the most part is composed of granite rock overlain with a thin glacial soil. PHYSIOGRAPHY Except on the bare rock
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