DOCSLIB.ORG

Cave Minerals of the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cave Minerals of the World 119 Deposition and Stability of Cave Minerals of the World Native Elements Second Edition––1997 119 Native Elements 119 Sulfur Contents 120 Sulfides 120 Deposition and Stability of 9 Acknowledgements Sulfide Minerals 11 Preface 121 Sulfide Minerals 13 About This Book 121 Chalcocite 15 Overview 121 Chalcopyrite 17 Foreign Language Overviews 121 Cinnabar 17 Résumé (French) 121 Galena 19 Übersicht (German) 121 Marcasite 21 Resumen (Spanish) 122 Metacinnabar 23 Riassunto (Italian) 122 Pyrite 25 PE3IOME (Russian) 122 Pyrrhotite 27 Historical Introduction, 122 Realgar by T. Shaw 122 Sphalerite 45 Speleothems 123 Stibnite 47 Anthodites 123 Oxides and Hydroxides 50 Balloons, Cave 123 Deposition and Stability of 51 Blisters, Cave Oxide-Hydroxide Minerals 52 Boxwork 125 Oxide and Hydroxide Minerals 54 Bubbles, Cave 126 Common Oxide and Hydroxide 55 Caps, Cave Minerals 55 Coatings 126 Goethite 56 Columns 127 Ice 57 Conulites 130 Other Oxide and Hydroxide Minerals 59 Coralloids 130 Oxides 62 Coral Pipes 130 Asbolane 62 Crusts 130 Birnessite 64 Cups, Cave 131 Braunite 65 Draperies 131 Chalcophanite 66 Fibrous Speleothems 131 Cryptomelane 68 Flowers, Cave 131 Cuprite 70 Flowstone 131 Hausmannite 73 Folia 131 Hematite 74 Frostwork 132 Maghemite 75 Geysermites 132 Magnetite 76 Helictites 132 Monteponite 81 Hoods, Cave 132 Periclase 81 Moonmilk 133 Plattnerite 84 Pearls, Cave 133 Pyrolusite 86 Pool Fingers 133 Rancieite 87 Powder, Cave 133 Romanechite 88 Rafts, Cave 134 Tenorite 91 Rims 134 Todorokite 92 Rimstone Dams 134 Vernadite 94 Rings, Cave 134 Hydroxides 97 Shelfstone 134 Böhmite 98 Shields, Cave 135 Gibbsite 99 Showerheads, Cave 135 Lepidocrocite 101 Spar 135 Lithiophorite 104 Stalactites 135 Manganite 108 Stalagmites 135 Portlandite 112 Trays, Cave 136 Ralstonite 114 Tubes, Cave 136 Halides 117 Cave Minerals 136 Deposition and Stability of 119 Native Elements Halide Minerals 136 Halide Minerals 156 Thermonatrite 136 Common Halide Minerals 156 Trona 136 Halite 156 Vaterite 138 Other Halide Minerals 157 Witherite 138 Atacamite 157 Nitrates 138 Bromargyite 157 Deposition and Stability of 138 Carnallite Nitrate Minerals 138 Chloromagnesite 158 Nitrate Minerals 138 Fluorite 159 Darapskite 139 Galeite 159 Gcwihabaite (!wihabaite) 139 Kainite 159 Hydrombobomkulite 140 Sal Ammoniac 159 Mbobomkulite 140 Sylvite 159 Nickelalumite 140 Arsenates 160 Niter 140 Deposition and Stability of 160 Nitrammite Arsenate Minerals 161 Nitratite 140 Arsenate Minerals 161 Nitrocalcite 141 Arseniosiderite 162 Nitromagnesite 141 Beudantite 162 Sveite 141 Conichalcite 163 Phosphates 141 Manganberzeliite 163 Deposition and Stability of 141 Mimetite Phosphate Minerals 141 Olivenite 164 Phosphate Minerals 141 Strashimirite 164 Archerite 141 Talmessite 164 Ardealite 142 Borates 164 Biphosphammite 142 Deposition and Stability of 165 Bobierrite Borate Minerals 165 Brushite 142 Borate Minerals 165 Carbonate-fluorapatite 142 Tincalconite 166 Carbonate-hydroxylapatite 142 Carbonates 166 Chlorapatite 142 Deposition and Stability of 167 Collinsite Carbonate Minerals 167 Crandallite 144 Carbonate Minerals 167 Diadochite 145 Common Carbonate Minerals 167 Dittmarite 145 Calcite 168 Evansite 145 Aragonite 168 Fluorapatite 146 Other Carbonate Minerals 168 Francoanellite 146 Ankerite 169 Gordonite 148 Artinite 169 Hannayite 148 Aurichalcite 169 Hopeite 148 Azurite 169 Hydroxylapatite 149 Baylissite 170 Koninckite 149 Cerussite 170 Leucophosphite 150 Dolomite 171 Lipscombite 150 Huntite 171 Minyulite 151 Hydromagnesite 171 Mitridatite 151 Hydrozincite 171 Monetite 152 Kutnohorite 171 Montgomeryite 152 Magnesite 171 Mundrabillaite 152 Malachite 172 Newberyite 153 Monohydrocalcite 172 Niahite 153 Natron 172 Parahopeite 154 Nesquehonite 172 Phosphammite 154 Rhodochrosite 172 Phosphosiderite 154 Rosasite 172 Purpurite 154 Siderite 172 Pyromorphite 155 Smithsonite 173 Sampleite 156 Strontianite 173 Sasaite 173 Schertelite 198 Aluminocopiapite 173 Scholzite 198 Alunite 173 Spencerite 199 Alunogen 174 Stercorite 199 Ammoniojarosite 174 Strengite 199 Anglesite 174 Struvite 199 Anhydrite 174 Swaknoite 200 Aphthitalite 174 Taranakite 200 Arcanite 175 Tarbuttite 201 Aubertite 175 Tinticite 201 Barite 175 Variscite 202 Basaluminite 175 Vashegyite 202 Bassanite 175 Vivianite 202 Blödite 176 Wavellite 202 Boussingaultite 176 Whitlockite 203 Brochantite 176 Woodhouseite 203 Burkeite 176 Silicates 203 Celestite 177 Deposition and Stability of 204 Chalcanthite Silicate Minerals 204 Chalcoalumite 177 Silicate Minerals 204 Clairite 177 Common Silicate Minerals 204 Copiapite 177 Opal 205 Coquimbite 179 Other Silicate Minerals 205 Cyanotrichite 179 Allophane 205 Despujolsite 180 Benitoite 205 Devilline 180 Boltwoodite 205 Ferrohexahydrite 180 Chrysocolla 205 Fibroferrite 181 Clinochlore 206 Glauberite 181 Cristobalite 206 Halotrichite 181 Dickite 206 Hexahydrite 181 Endellite 206 Hydrobasaluminite 182 Epidote 207 Hydroglauberite 182 Fraipontite 207 Jarosite 182 Halloysite 207 Kalinite 182 Hemimorphite 207 Kieserite 182 Illite 208 Koktaite 183 Ilvaite 208 Lecontite 183 Kaolinite 208 Lonecreekite 183 Montmorillonite 208 Löweite 183 Nontronite 208 Melanterite 183 Palygorskite 209 Metavoltine 184 Quartz 209 Millosevichite 185 Rectorite 209 Misenite 186 Saponite 209 Natroalunite 186 Sauconite 210 Natrojarosite 186 Sepiolite 210 Pickeringite 187 Shattuckite 210 Picromerite 187 Silhydrite 210 Polyhalite 187 Tridymite 210 Potassium Alum 187 Sulfates 211 Römerite 187 Deposition and Stability of 211 Rozenite Sulfate Minerals 211 Sabieite 193 Sulfate Minerals 211 Sodium Alum 193 Common Sulfate Minerals 211 Spangolite 193 Gypsum 211 Syngenite 196 Epsomite 211 Tamarugite 197 Mirabilite 212 Thenardite 198 Other Sulfate Minerals 212 Tschermigite 198 Aluminite 212 Voltaite 213 Zaherite by D. Northup, A. Reysenbach, 213 Vanadates and N. Pace 213 Deposition and Stability of 266 Archaeology and Speleothems, Vanadate Minerals by K. Tankersley, C. Munson, P. Munson, 213 Vanadate Minerals P. Watson, N. Shaffer, and S. Frushour 213 Calciovolborthite 271 Dating and Paleo-Environmental 213 Carnotite Studies of Speleothems, 214 Descloizite by D. Ford 214 Metatyuyamunite 284 Speleothems and Earthquakes, 214 Tyuyamunite by P. Forti 215 Vanadinite 285 Speleothem Growth Rates, 215 Organic Minerals by The Authors 215 Deposition and Stability of 287 Speleothem Old Age, Organic Minerals by The Authors 215 Organic Minerals 290 Field Observations 215 Acetamide by The Authors 215 Glushinskite 291 Laboratory Techniques, 215 Guanine by Y. Shopov and C. Hill 215 Mellite 294 Protection of Speleothems, 215 Oxammite by P. Cabrol 215 Urea 301 Speleothems: Preservation, Display, 216 Uricite and Restoration, 216 Weddellite by G. Veni 216 Whewellite 311 Top Ten Caves 217 Related Forms 312 The Blue Cave, France, 217 Lava Formations by P. Cabrol 219 Mud and Sand Formations 316 Alum Cave, Vulcano Island, Sicily-Italy, 221 Mud and Clay Vermiculations by P. Forti 223 Organic Formations 319 Liquid Crystal Cave, Israel, 224 Peat Formations by A. Frumkin and P. Forti 224 Rootsicles 323 Cupp-Coutunn Cave, Turkmenistan, 224 Formations in Artificial “Caves” by V. Maltsev 226 Carbide-Derived Formations 329 Kyûsen-dô Cave, Japan, 226 Guano-Fire Minerals by N. Kashima 331 Skipton Lava Cave, Victoria, Australia, 229 Special Topics by J. Webb 230 Crystallography of Speleothems, 336 Mbobo Mkulu Cave, South Africa, by B. Onac by J. Martini, P. Wipplinger, and H. Moen 236 Minor, Trace, and Ultra Trace Constituents 340 Caverna Santana, Brazil, of Speleothems, by J. Labegalini and A. Auler by J. James 343 Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, USA, 237 Calcite-Aragonite Problem, by H. DuChene by The Authors 350 Kartchner Caverns, Arizona, USA, 239 Color of Speleothems, by C. Hill by W. White 355 Glossary 244 Luminescence of Cave Minerals, 367 Bibliography by Y. Shopov 439 Index 248 Monocrystalline and Macrocrystalline Speleothems, by The Authors 252 Hydrothermal Cave Minerals, by Y. Dublyansky 255 Aerosols: Are They a Mechanism of Speleothem Growth? by A. Cigna and C. Hill 258 Cave Microclimate and Speleothems, by The Authors 261 Microorganisms and Speleothems, .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • L. Jahnsite, Segelerite, and Robertsite, Three New Transition Metal Phosphate Species Ll. Redefinition of Overite, an Lsotype Of
    American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 48-59, 1974 l. Jahnsite,Segelerite, and Robertsite,Three New TransitionMetal PhosphateSpecies ll. Redefinitionof Overite,an lsotypeof Segelerite Pnur BnnN Moone Thc Departmcntof the GeophysicalSciences, The Uniuersityof Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637 ilt. lsotypyof Robertsite,Mitridatite, and Arseniosiderite Peur BmaN Moonp With Two Chemical Analvsesbv JUN Iro Deryrtrnent of GeologicalSciences, Haraard Uniuersity, Cambridge, Massrchusetts 02 I 38 Abstract Three new species,-jahnsite, segelerite, and robertsite,-occur in moderate abundance as late stage products in corroded triphylite-heterosite-ferrisicklerite-rockbridgeite masses, associated with leucophosphite,hureaulite, collinsite, laueite, etc.Type specimensare from the Tip Top pegmatite, near Custer, South Dakota. Jahnsite, caMn2+Mgr(Hro)aFe3+z(oH)rlPC)oln,a 14.94(2),b 7.14(l), c 9.93(1)A, p 110.16(8)", P2/a, Z : 2, specific gavity 2.71, biaxial (-), 2V large, e 1.640,p 1.658,t l.6lo, occurs abundantly as striated short to long prismatic crystals, nut brown, yellow, yellow-orange to greenish-yellowin color.Formsarec{001},a{100},il2oll, jl2}ll,ft[iol],/tolll,nt110],andz{itt}. Segeierite,CaMg(HrO)rFes+(OH)[POdz, a 14.826{5),b 18.751(4),c7.30(1)A, Pcca, Z : 8, specific gaavity2.67, biaxial (-), 2Ylarge,a 1.618,p 1.6t5, z 1.650,occurs sparingly as striated yellow'green prismaticcrystals, with c[00], r{010}, nlll0l and qll2l } with perfect {010} cleavage'It is the Feg+-analogueofoverite; a restudy on type overite revealsthe spacegroup Pcca and the ideal formula CaMg(HrO)dl(OH)[POr]r. Robertsite,carMna+r(oH)o(Hro){Ponlr, a 17.36,b lg.53,c 11.30A,p 96.0o,A2/a, Z: 8, specific gravity3.l,T,cleavage[l00] good,biaxial(-) a1.775,8 *t - 1.82,2V-8o,pleochroismextreme (Y, Z = deep reddish brown; 17 : pale reddish-pink), @curs as fibrous massesand small wedge- shapedcrystals showing c[001 f , a{1@}, qt031}.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal and Metamorphic Berthierine
    n27 CanadianMineralogist Vol. 30,pp. 1127-1142 (1992) HYDROTHERMALAND METAMORPHICBERTHIERINE FROM THE KIDD CREEK VOLCANOGENICMASSTVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT. TIMMINS, ONTARIO JOHNF.SLACK U.S.Geological Survey, Nationnl Center, Mail Stop954, Reston, Virginia 22092, U.S.A. WEI-TEH JIANG ANDDONALD R. PEACOR Depamnent of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. PATRICKM. OKITA* U.S.Geological Survey, National Center,Mail Stop954, Reston,Virginia 22092,U.S.A. ABSTRACT Berthierine,a 7 A pe-Al memberof the serpentinegroup, occursin the footwall stringerzone of the ArcheanKidd Creek massivesulfide deposit, Ontario, associated with quartz,muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite,chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline' cassiterite,and halloysite. Berthierine has been identified by the lack of 14A basalreflections on X-ray powderdiffractionpattems, by its composition (electron-microprobedata), and by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Peoogaphic and scanning eiectronmicroscopic (SEM) studiesreveal different types of berthierineocculrences, including interlayerswithin and rims on deformedchlorite, intergrowthswith muscoviteand halloysite,and discretecoarse grains. TEM imagesshow thick packetsof berthierineand chlorite that are parallel or relatedby low-angle boundaries,and layer terminationsof chlorite by berthierine; mixedJayer chlorite-berthierinealso is observed,intergrown with Fe-rich chlorite and berthierine.End-member (Mg-free) berthierineis presentin small domainsin two samples.The Kidd Creekberthierine is chemicallysimilar
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota
    Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-B Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota By J. J. NORTON, L. R. PAGE, and D. A. BROBST PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-P A detailed structural and petrologic study of a pegmatite containing seven zones and two replacement bodies UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.. _ ________________________________________ 49 Mineral distribution and paragenesis of the entire Introduction. ______________________________________ 49 pegmatite_ _ ______________________-___---------_ 96 General geology. ___________________________________ 52 Comparison of the zonal sequence with that in other Metamorphic rocks_ ____________________________ 52 pegmatites. ______________________________________ 97 Roy and Monte Carlo pegmatites.- _ __---__-______ 53 Replacement features-______________________________ 100 Structure __________________________________________ 53 Review of the evidence for replacement in pegma­ Pegmatite units ____________________________________ 53 tites __ _____________________________________ 100 Zone 1 : Albite-quartz-musco vite pegmatite ________ 56 Replacement in the Hugo pegmatite.____-_____-_- 102
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Processing
    Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Modifications of Manganese Dioxide by Howard F
    U. S. Department of Commerce Research Paper RP1941 National Bureau of Standards Volume 41, December 1948 Part of the Journal of -Research of the National Bureau of Standards Study of the Modifications of Manganese Dioxide By Howard F. McMurdie and Esther Golovato Past work on the modifications of manganese dioxide of interest in dry-cell manufacture is reviewed. New X-ray data, at both room and elevated temperatures, combined with differential heating curves lead to the conclusion that five types of manganese dioxide exist: (1) well-crystallized pyrolusite; (2) gamma manganese dioxide, a poorly crystallized pyrolu- site; (3) ramsdellite; (4) cryptomelane, a form containing essential potassium or sodium; and (5) delta manganese dioxide, believed to be a poorly crystallized cryptomelane. The high-temperature X-ray diffraction data indicated the phase changes that cause the heating- curve effects. A new crystal form of manganosic oxide (M113O4), stable above 1,170° C, w^s found to be cubic of spinel structure. Fineness determinations by both the nitrogen adsorp- tion and the X-ray line broadening methods were made on selected samples. I. Introduction this equipment a flat specimen is used, and no During the years 1940-46 there was increased special techniques were employed to prevent pre- research on (Jry cells. This was stimulated by ferred orientation. It is realized that in a few increased demand for the cells as well as new uses cases this may have resulted in relative intensities for them, combined with certain shortages of raw that differ from those in other reports. This materials. This work disclosed among other equipment in its commercial form is not capable things that manganese dioxide is not a simple of recording the diffraction effects at angles greater compound with constant properties, and that its than 45° 0; thus; the back reflection lines are value as a depolarizer depends on properties other missed.
    [Show full text]
  • 7Th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014
    MECC14 7th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014 16–19 SEPTEMBER 2014 • DRESDEN • GERMANY www.mecc2014.de PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTBOOK ©: fotolia.com/Erik Schuhmann Particle Size Analysis down to the Nanometer Range NEW: Laser Diffraction Analyzer HORIBA LA-960 The new HORIBA LA-960 quickly and accurately measures fine particles starting from 10 nm. An outstanding feature is its high flexibility which applies to both measuring range and sample feeding. The LA-960 offers the possibility to use different dispersing media: typically water or alcohol but also non- polar organic solvents. BENEFITS n Extremely wide measurement range from 10 nm to 5 mm n Wet and dry measurements possible n Analysis according to the Mie Scattering Theory (scattering and diffraction) n Analysis cycles: < 1 minute (from sample to sample) n Efficient circulation system incl. ultrasonic probe n Change of measuring cells in seconds www.retsch-technology.com Particle Characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis and Laser Scattering RETSCH TECHNOLOGY provides innovative optical measurement systems for particle characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis or Laser Diffraction. The instruments cover a measuring range from 0.3 nm to 30 mm and are suitable for the characterization of powders, granules, bulk materials, suspensions, emulsions and colloidal systems. CAMSIZER P4 CAMSIZER XT LA-960 LA-300 SZ-100 Dynamic Image Analysis Dynamic Image Analysis Laser Diffraction Laser Diffraction Photon Correlation 20 µm - 30 mm 1 µm - 3 mm 10 nm - 5 mm 0.1 µm - 600 µm Spectroscopy www.retsch.com/camsizerp4 www.retsch.com/camsizerxt www.retsch.com/la960 www.retsch.com/la300 0.3 nm - 8 µm www.retsch.com/sz100 Retsch Technology GmbH | Haan | Germany | Phone +49 2104 2333-300 | E-Mail: [email protected] WWW.RETSCH-TECHNOLOGY.COM Retsch Tech-Advert-GB-LA960-148x210-140522.indd 1 26.05.2014 10:58:33 Table of Contents Organisation and Imprint .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MINERALIZATION in the GOLD HILL MINING DISTRICT, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH by H
    MINERALIZATION IN THE GOLD HILL MINING DISTRICT, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH by H. M. EI-Shatoury and J. A. Whelan UTAH GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGIC~4L SURVEY affiliated with THE COLLEGE OF MINES AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES University of Utah~ Salt Lake City~ Utah Bulletin 83 Price $2.25 March 1970 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT. • • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • . • • . • . • .. 5 INTRODUCTION 5 GENERAL GEOLOGY. .. 7 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 7 Contact Metasomatic Deposits. 11 Veins. • . 11 Quartz-Carbonate-Adularia Veins 11 Quartz Veins . 15 Calcite Veins. 15 Replacement Deposits . 15 Replacement Deposits in the Ochre Mountain Limestone 15 Replacement Deposits in the Quartz Monzonite 17 HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION. 17 Alteration of Quartz Monzonite. • 17 Alteration of Limestones. 22 Alteration of the Manning Canyon Formation 23 Alteration of the Quartzite. 23 Alteration of Volcanic Rocks. 23 Alteration of Dike Rocks. 23 Alteration of Quartz-Carbonate Veins . 23 OXIDATION OF ORES. 23 Oxidation of the Copper-Lead-Arsenic-Zinc Replacement Deposits 24 Oxidation of Tungsten and Molybdenum Deposits. 24 Oxidation of the Lead-Zinc Deposits 25 MINERALOGY. 25 CONTROLS OF MINERAL LOCALIZATION 25 ZONAL ARRANGEMENT OF ORE DEPOSITS. 25 GENESIS OF ORE DEPOSITS. 29 DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES. 29 The Alvarado Mine. 29 The Cane Spring Mine 30 The Bonnemort Mine 32 The Rube Gold Mine . 32 The Frankie Mine 32 The Yellow Hammer Mine 33 The Rube Lead Mine . 34 FUTURE OF THE DISTRICT AND RECOMMENDATIONS. .. 34 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. .. 36 REFERENCES. • . .. 36 2 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Frontis piece Figure I. Index map showing location and accessibility to the Gold Hill mining district, Utah . 4 2. Geologic map of Rodenhouse Wash area, showing occurrence of berylliferous quartz-carbonate-adularia veins and sample locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Liroconite Cu2al(Aso4)(OH)4 • 4H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
    Liroconite Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 • 4H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Typically as crystals with a flattened octahedral or lenticular aspect, dominated by {110} and {011} and striated parallel to their intersections, also {001}, {010}, {100}, to 3.6 cm, alone and in sub-parallel groups. May be granular, massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {110}, {011}, indistinct. Fracture: Uneven to conchoidal. Hardness = 2–2.5 D(meas.) = 2.94–3.01 D(calc.) = [3.03] Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Sky-blue, bluish green, verdigris-green, emerald-green; pale blue to pale bluish green in transmitted light. Streak: Pale blue to pale green. Luster: Vitreous to resinous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: Y = b; Z ∧ a =25◦. Dispersion: r< v,moderate. α = 1.612(3) β = 1.652(3) γ = 1.675(3) 2V(meas.) = n.d. 2V(calc.) = 72(5)◦ Cell Data: Space Group: I2/a. a = 12.664(2) b = 7.563(2) c = 9.914(3) β =91.32(2)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Cornwall, England. 6.46 (10), 3.01 (10), 5.95 (9), 2.69 (6), 3.92 (5), 2.79 (5), 2.21 (5) Chemistry: (1) (2) P2O5 3.73 As2O5 23.05 26.54 Al2O3 10.85 11.77 Fe2O3 0.98 CuO 36.38 36.73 H2O 25.01 24.96 Total 100.00 100.00 • (1) Cornwall, England. (2) Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4 4H2O. Occurrence: A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of some copper deposits. Association: Olivenite, chalcophyllite, clinoclase, cornwallite, strashimirite, malachite, cuprite, “limonite”.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferrilotharmeyerite Ca(Fe3+,Zn,Cu)
    3+ Ferrilotharmeyerite Ca(Fe , Zn, Cu)2(AsO4)2(OH, H2O)2 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As subhedral crystals, to 0.6 mm, tabular on {101}, slightly elongated along [010], wedge- or lozenge-shaped, terminated by {111}, composed of multiple crystallites. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Good on {001}. Fracture: Uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ∼3 D(meas.) = 4.25(5) D(calc.) = 4.21–4.38 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Yellow, brownish yellow, yellowish brown. Streak: Very pale yellow. Luster: Adamantine to greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Strong; X = olive-green or orange; Y = pale green or yellow; Z = colorless. Orientation: X = b; Y ∧ c = ∼22◦. Dispersion: r> v,distinct, inclined. Absorption: X > Y Z. α = 1.83(1) β = [1.835] γ = 1.87(1) 2V(meas.) = 40◦ Cell Data: Space Group: C2/m. a = 8.997–9.010 b = 6.236–6.246 c = 7.387–7.391 β = 115.52−115.74◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Tsumeb, Namibia. 3.398 (100), 3.175 (100), 2.938 (100), 2.544 (100), 4.95 (70), 2.823 (70), 2.702 (70) Chemistry: (1) (2) As2O5 48.66 48.73 Al2O3 0.13 < 0.1 Fe2O3 13.96 15.68 CuO 5.75 < 0.1 ZnO 13.94 17.88 PbO 2.13 0.14 CaO 10.86 12.07 H2O 5.85 [5.80] Total 101.28 [100.30] (1) Tsumeb, Namibia; by electron microprobe, H2O by CHN analyzer; corresponds to (Ca0.92Pb0.05)Σ=0.97(Fe0.87Zn0.81Cu0.34Al0.01)Σ=2.03(AsO4)2(OH, H2O)2.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
    Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page.
    [Show full text]
  • Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of Arsenates of the Roselite and Fairfeldite Mineral Subgroups
    This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Frost, Ray (2009) Raman and infrared spectroscopy of arsenates of the roselite and fair- feldite mineral subgroups. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 71(5), pp. 1788-1794. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17596/ c Copyright 2009 Elsevier Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2008.06.039 QUT Digital Repository: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/ Frost, Ray L. (2009) Raman and infrared spectroscopy of arsenates of the roselite and fairfieldite mineral subgroups. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 71(5). pp. 1788-1794. © Copyright 2009 Elsevier Raman and infrared spectroscopy of arsenates of the roselite and fairfieldite mineral subgroups Ray L. Frost• Inorganic Materials Research Program, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Queensland 4001, Australia. Abstract Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to determine the molecular structure of the roselite arsenate minerals of the roselite and 2+ fairfieldite subgroups of formula Ca2B(AsO4)2.2H2O (where B may be Co, Fe , Mg, 2- Mn, Ni, Zn).
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy and Crystal Structure of Bouazzerite from Bou Azzer, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Bi-As-Fe Nanoclusters Containing Fe3+ in Trigonal Prismatic Coordination
    American Mineralogist, Volume 92, pages 1630–1639, 2007 Mineralogy and crystal structure of bouazzerite from Bou Azzer, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Bi-As-Fe nanoclusters containing Fe3+ in trigonal prismatic coordination JOËL BRUGGER,1,* NICOLAS MEISSER,2 SERGEY KRIVOVICHEV,3 THOMAS ARMBRUSTER,4 AND GEORGES FAVREAU5 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Adelaide University, North Terrace, SA-5001 Adelaide, Australia and South Australian Museum, North Terrace, SA-5000 Adelaide, Australia 2Musée Géologique Cantonal and Laboratoire des Rayons-X, Institut de Minéralogie et Géochimie, UNIL-Anthropole, CH-1015 Lausanne- Dorigny, Switzerland 3Department of Crystallography, St. Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 4Laboratorium für chemische und mineralogische Kristallographie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 5421 Avenue Jean Monnet, 13090 Aix-en-Provence, France ABSTRACT Bouazzerite, Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe14[AsO4]18O12(OH)4(H2O)86, is a new mineral occurring in “Filon 7” at the Bou Azzer mine, Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Bouazzerite is associated with quartz, chalcopyrite, native gold, erythrite, talmessite/roselite-beta, Cr-bearing yukonite, alumopharmacosiderite, powellite, and a blue-green earthy copper arsenate related to geminite. The mineral results from the weathering of a Va- riscan hydrothermal As-Co-Ni-Ag-Au vein. The Bou Azzer mine and the similarly named district have produced many outstanding mineral specimens, including the world’s best erythrite and roselite. Bouazzerite forms monoclinic prismatic {021} crystals up to 0.5 mm in length. It has a pale 3 apple green color, a colorless streak, and is translucent with adamantine luster. dcalc is 2.81(2) g/cm (from X-ray structure refi nement).
    [Show full text]