SUMMER 2020 ‘In-Depth’ Inspiration
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A Phytochemical Investigation of Two South African Plants: Strophanthus Speciosus and Eucomis Montana
UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL A PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS WITH THE SCREENING OF EXTRACTIVES FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY By ANDREW BRUCE GALLAGHER B. Sc Honours (cum laude) (UKZN) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In the School of Biological and Conservation Science and The School of Chemistry University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College campus Durban South Africa 2006 ABSTRACT Two South African medicinal plants, Strophanthus speciosus and Eucomis montana, were investigated phytochemically. From Strophanthus speciosus a cardenolide, neritaloside, was isolated, whilst Eucomis montana yielded three homoisoflavanones, 3,9- dihydroeucomin, 4' -demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4' -demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9- dihydroeucomin. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The homoisoflavanones were screened for anti-inflammatory activity usmg a chemiluminescent luminol assay, modified for microplate usage. All of the homoisoflavanones exhibited good inhibition of chemiluminescence, with ICso values for 3,9-dihydroeucomin, 4' -demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4' -demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9- dihydroeucomin being 14mg/mL, 7 mg/mL, and 13mg/mL respectively. The ICso value of 4'-demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin compared favourably with the NSAID control (meloxicam), which had an ICso of 6mg/mL. Neritaloside was not screened for biological activity as the yield of 14.4mg was insufficient for the muscle-relaxant screen for which it was intended. An assay for antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity was also performed. All the compounds had excellent antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity, with percentage inhibition of the reaction being 92%, 96%, and 94% for 3,9-dihydroeucomin, 4' demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4'-demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin respectively at a concentration of 10mg/mL. -
Diplomka FINAL
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FARMACEUTICKÁ FAKULTA V HRADCI KRÁLOVÉ KATEDRA FARMACEUTICKÉ BOTANIKY A EKOLOGIE DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Neurotropní a antioxida ční aktivita vybraných druh ů jednod ěložných alkaloidních rostlin III Neurotropic and antioxidative activity of some selected species of monocotyledonous alkaloidal plants III Vedoucí katedry: prof. RNDr. Lud ěk Jahodá ř, CSc. Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Hradec Králové, 2013 Eduard Kantor PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že tato práce je mým p ůvodním autorským dílem, které jsem vypracoval samostatn ě. Veškerá literatura a další zdroje, z nichž jsem při zpracování čerpal, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury a v práci řádn ě citovány. Hradec Králové, 2013 ………………. podpis 2 Děkuji grant ům SVV UK 265 002, FRVŠ 664/2011 a FRVŠ 190/2012 za finan ční podporu, bez které by tato práce nemohla vzniknout. Rád bych velmi pod ěkoval Ing. Lucii Cahlíkové, Ph.D. za vedení diplomové práce, za cenné rady a p řipomínky, Ing. Kate řin ě Macákové, Ph.D. za zm ěř ení biologických aktivit a kated ře farmaceutické botaniky a ekologie za p říjemné pracovní prost ředí. 3 OBSAH 1. ÚVOD .................................................................................................................................... 6 2. CÍL PRÁCE .......................................................................................................................... 9 3. TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Demence ........................................................................................................................ -
Olympus AH Eco Assessment
FLORAL, FAUNAL, WETLAND AND AQUATIC ASSESSMENT AS PART OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION PROCESS FOR THE PROPOSED COMMISSIEKRAAL COLLIERY, KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE Prepared for SLR Consulting (Africa) (Pty) Ltd. July 2015 Section B: Floral Assessment Prepared by: Scientific Aquatic Services Report author E. van der Westhuizen (Pr. Sci. Nat) S. van Staden (Pr. Sci. Nat) Report Reference: SAS 213081 Date: July 2015 Scientific Aquatic Services CC CC Reg No 2003/078943/23 Vat Reg. No. 4020235273 PO Box 751779 Gardenview 2047 Tel: 011 616 7893 Fax: 086 724 3132 E-mail: [email protected] SAS 213081 – Floral Assessment July 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ iv 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 2 GENERAL SITE SURVEY ........................................................................................ 1 3 FLORAL ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 2 3.1 Floral Species of Conservational Concern Assessment -
Naturally Occurring Homoisoflavonoids and Their Pharmacological Activities
Reviews 1053 Naturally Occurring Homoisoflavonoids and Their Pharmacological Activities Authors Li-Gen Lin1, Qian-Yu Liu 1,YangYe2 Affiliations 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China 2 State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China Key words Abstract BAPTA‑AM:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N, l" homoisoflavonoids ! N′,N′-tetraacetic acid l" phytochemistry Homoisoflavonoids, a special subclass of flavo- Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 l" biosynthesis noids, are rarely found in nature, mainly existing bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor l" pharmacological activities in Fabaceae and Asparagaceae families and being BHA: butylated hydroxyanisole less common in Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene Orchidaceae, and Gentianaceae families. Until CAM: chorioallantoic membrane now, approximately 240 natural occurring homo- CD: circular dichroism isoflavonoids have been identified from roots, cGMP: cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate barks, heartwood, bulbs, leaves, and seeds of the c-src: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein ki- plants from the above mentioned families, which nase sarcoma have often been used in traditional medicine. Ho- CYP1A: cytochrome P4501A moisoflavonoids have been reported with a broad DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl range of bioactivities, including anti-microbial, ECD: electronic circular dichroism anti-mutagenic, anti-oxidant, -
Isolation, Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Study Of
Isolation, Synthesis and Structure −−−Activity Relationship Study of Anticancer and Antimalarial Agents from Natural Products Yumin Dai Dissertation submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry David G. I. Kingston, chair Harry W. Gibson Richard D. Gandour Webster L. Santos Oct. 29 th , 2013 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Natural Products, Anticancer, Antimalarial, Acetogenins, Sesquiterpenoid, Flavonoid, Bufadienolide, Triterpene saponin, Anthraquinone. Copyright 2013, Yumin Dai Isolation, Synthesis and Structure −−−Activity Relationship Study of Anticancer and Antimalarial Agents from Natural Products Yumin Dai Abstract The Kingston group's engagement in an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) program and a collaborative research project established between Virginia Tech and the Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research (IHVR) has focused on the search for bioactive natural products from tropical forests in both Madagascar and South Africa. As a part of this research, a total of four antiproliferative extracts were studied, leading to the isolation of fourteen novel compounds with antiproliferative activity against the A2780 human ovarian cancer line. One extract with antimalarial activity was studied, which led to the isolation of two new natural products with antiplasmodial activity against a drug-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum . The plants and their secondary metabolites are discussed in the following order: two new antiproliferative acetogenins from a Uvaria sp. (Annonaceae); two new antiproliferative calamenene-type sesquiterpenoids from Sterculia tavia (Malvaceae); two new antiproliferative triterpene saponins from Nematostylis anthophylla (Rubiaceae); six new antiproliferative homoisoflavonoids and two new bufatrienolides from Urginea depressa (Asparagaceae); and two new antiplasmodial anthraquinones from Kniphofia ensifolia (Asphodelaceae). -
Genome Sizes of Eucomis L'hér
Plant Syst Evol (2010) 284:99–109 DOI 10.1007/s00606-009-0236-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genome sizes of Eucomis L’He´r. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of the new species Eucomis grimshawii G.D.Duncan & Zonneveld B. J. M. Zonneveld • G. D. Duncan Received: 25 June 2009 / Accepted: 9 October 2009 / Published online: 10 December 2009 Ó The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Nuclear genome size, as measured by flow conveniently be used to produce systematic data. It is cytometry with propidium iodide, was used to investigate applicable even in dormant bulbs or sterile plants for the the relationships within the genus Eucomis L’He´r. (Hya- monitoring of the trade in bulbous species. cinthaceae). Most species of Eucomis have the same basic chromosome number, x = 15. However, the somatic DNA Keywords Eucomis grimshawii sp. nov Á 2C-value (2C) is shown to range from 21 to 31 pg for the Eucomis species Á DNA 2C-value Á Taxonomy diploids. The largest genome contains roughly 1010 more base pairs than the smallest. Genome sizes are evaluated here in combination with available morphological and Introduction geographical data. Therefore, the taxonomy proposed here is not based on genome size alone. The genus Eucomis,as Eucomis, a small genus of 12 species in the family Hya- here determined, has 12 species. These can be divided into cinthaceae, is endemic to the southern African countries, two groups: mainly dwarf diploid species and large-sized, South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland, as well tetraploid species. -
Project Charter
SLR Consulting (Africa) (Pty) Ltd Page F APPENDIX F: BIODIVERSITY STUDY Updated aquatics and impact sections of the biodiversity study and additional specialist study completed as part of the RMDEC process is included in Appendix R. SLR Project 710.02038.00001 Commissiekraal Coal Mine including support services and January 2018 Report No. 4 (FINAL) associated infrastructure Scientific Aquatic Services Applying science to the real world 91 Geldenhuis Road, Malvern East Ext. 1, 2007 Tel 011 616 7893 Fax 011 615 4106 www.sasenvironmental.co.za [email protected] Name: Stephen van Staden Date: Friday, 19 August 2016 Ref: SAS/SLR 180316 SPECIALIST REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AS PER SECTION 32 OF THE EIA REGULATIONS, 2010 This letter has been prepared to report on the compliance of –S. van Staden, E. van der Westhuizen, C. Hooton, N. Cloete and A. Mileson from Scientific Aquatic Services CC- as part of the specialist reporting requirements under Section 32 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2010 from the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act no. 107 of 1999) for the (Floral, Faunal, Wetland and Aquatic Assessment as part of the Environmental Authorisation Process for the Proposed Commissieskraal Colliery, Kwazulu-Natal Province) prepared for the environmental impact assessment and the environmental management programme for the proposed Commissiekraal Coal Mine. 33. (1) An applicant or the EAP managing an application may appoint a person who is independent to carry out a specialist study or specialised process 33. (2)(a)(i) the person who prepared the report Stephen van Staden, Emile van der Westhuizen, Nelanie Cloete, Chris Hooton and Amanda Mileson. -
Download Index Seminum 2021
Source data: Delipavlov D, Ed. in chief, (2011): Guide of plants in Bulgaria, Academically publishing house of Agricultural University – Plovdiv. The Plant List, website: For all plants taxonomy. http://www.theplantlist.org/ LLifle Encyclopedias of living forms, website: For Cacti taxonomy. http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/ IUCN Red List, website: For global conservation status of species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ All seeds are result of an open pollination. Seeds are stored in paper bags in wooden cupboards, temperature fluctuating between 10 and 18 C°. Collectors: Gergana Georgieva, Mariyana Dimitrova – University Botanic Garden Balchik Yana Shopova, Maksim Petkov, Vera Dyankova – University Botanic Garden Sofia Hristo Diveri – University Botanic Garden- Ecopark Varna Symbols used: IUCN categories: DD – Data deficient LC – Least concern NT – Near threatend VU – Vulnerable EN – Endangered CR – Critically endangered EW – Extinctin the wild bk. – Collected in University Botanic Garden in Balchik sf. – Collected in University Botanic Garden in Sofia vn. – Collected in University Botanic Garden in Varna * – Seeds collected in 2019 ** – Seeds collected in 2018 1 # of page Part І Seeds of plants in the open fields of the gardens…............................. 4 – 20 Part ІІ Seeds of plants cultivated in greenhouses ........................................ 20 – 22 Part III Succulents cultivated in greenhouses ............................................... 22 – 26 Part IV Cacti cultivated in greenhouses ……………….………....................... 26 – 30 Part V Winter-hardy cacti and succulents cultivated outdoor ………………. 30 – 31 Plant Material Supply Agreement ……………....……….…………. 32 – 34 Desiderata ….…………………...………....………....…………………....... 35 2 UNIVERSITY BOTANIC GARDENS SOFIA, VARNA, BALCHIK BULGARIA ADDRESSES University Botanic Garden 1000, Sofia “Moskovska” str. 49 Telefon/fax: +359 2 988 17 97 e-mail: [email protected] University Botanic Garden Ecopark-Varna 9006, Varna k.k “St. -
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) Inferred from Plastid DNA and Seed Morphology
Springer-VerlagTokyo102650918-94401618-086030669031Journal of Plant ResearchJ Plant Res007610.1007/s10265-003-0076-8 J Plant Res (2003) 116:115–132 © The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2003 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.1007/s10265-003-0076-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE M. Pfosser • W. Wetschnig • S. Ungar • G. Prenner Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology Received: June 26, 2002 / Accepted: December 5, 2002 / Published online: February 22, 2003 Abstract The tribe Massonieae Baker (Hyacinthaceae- Key words Hyacinthaceae · Massonieae · Molecular phy- Hyacinthoideae) presently consists of about 19 genera and logeny · Plastid DNA sequences · Scanning electron micros- 230 species distributed from Africa (south of the Sahara) to copy · Seed morphology Madagascar and India. Based on atpB and trnL-F DNA sequences the tribe is monophyletic only when the genus Pseudoprospero is excluded from Massonieae. In most trnL-F trees, this genus occupies a basal position within Introduction subfamily Hyacinthoideae and is sister to the rest of the subfamily. Molecular data suggest that the remaining gen- Previous analyses using atpB, rbcL and trnL-F data have era of Massonieae do not share common ancestry with the shown that the family Hyacinthaceae is monophyletic Eurasian/North-African tribe Hyacintheae Dumort. (Scilla, and is nested within Asparagales. Its closest relatives are Hyacinthus and allies), and thus a narrow concept of the the family Themidaceae and Aphyllanthes monspeliensis essentially Eurasian genus Scilla is supported. Members of (Chase et al. 2000; Fay et al. 2000; Pfosser and Speta 1999). well-supported clades in Massonieae usually show similari- Based on molecular, morphological, karyological and ties in seed characteristics as determined by scanning chemotaxonomical data the family can be split into the four electron microscopy. -
A Floristic Description of the Afromontane Fynbos
Original Research A FLORISTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE AFROMONT A NE FYNBOS COMMUNITIES ON PL A TBERG , EA STERN FREE ST A TE , SOUTH AFRIC A RoBeRT F. BRAND Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State South Africa PIETER J. DU PREEZ Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State South Africa LeSLIe R. BRoWN Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit Department of Environmental Sciences University of South Africa South Africa Correspondence to: Pieter J. du Preez e-mail: [email protected] Postal Address: Department of Plant Sciences, UFS, Po Box 339, Bloemfontein ABSTRACT Within the Platberg area and the wider Drakensberg region, the shrinking natural resources and the threat posed to biodiversity are of concern to conservation management and require an understanding of long-term ecological processes. The vegetation of Platberg was investigated as part of an ecological survey to establish Afromontane floristic links to the Drakensberg as well as for the management of natural resources. From a TWINSPAN classification, refined by the Braun-Blanquet method, four main plant communities were identified, which were subdivided into fynbos, wetland, a woody/ shrub community and grassland. A classification and description of the fynbos are presented in this article. The analysis showed the fynbos divided into two communities comprising four sub-communities and seven variants. The fynbos community had an average of 28.34 species per relevé, ranging from 14 to 54 species per sample plot. Twenty-four endemic or near-endemic Drakensberg Alpine Centre (DAC) species and 22 exotic (alien-invasive) species were recorded. Numerous floristic links with the DAC, Cape flora fynbos and grassland bioregions to the north and west were also found. -
Red Listed Medicinal Plants of South Africa: Status, Trends, and Assessment Challenges
South African Journal of Botany 86 (2013) 23–35 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Red Listed medicinal plants of South Africa: Status, trends, and assessment challenges V.L. Williams a,⁎, J.E. Victor b, N.R. Crouch c,d a School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa b National Herbarium, SANBI, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa c Ethnobotany Unit, SANBI, PO Box 52099, Berea Road, 4007, South Africa d School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041 Durban, South Africa article info abstract Article history: In 2009, South Africa completed the IUCN Red List assessments of 20,456 indigenous vascular plant taxa. During Received 8 March 2012 that process, medicinal plant species (especially those sold in informal muthi markets) were identified so that Received in revised form 22 September 2012 potential extinction risks posed to these species could be assessed. The present study examines and analyses Accepted 24 January 2013 the recently documented threat statuses of South African ethnomedicinal taxa, including the number of species Available online 28 February 2013 used, revealing family richness and the degree of endemism, and calculates the Red List Index (RLI) of species Edited by B-E Van Wyk survival to measure the relative degree of threat to medicinal species. Approximately 2062 indigenous plant spe- cies (10% of the total flora) have been recorded as being used for traditional medicine in South Africa, of which it Keywords: has been determined that 82 species (0.4% of the total national flora) are threatened with extinction at a national Extinction level in the short and medium terms and a further 100 species are of conservation concern (including two species GSPC already extinct in the wild). -
Bio-Chat the Buffelskloof Biological Review Summer Edition November 2019 — February 2020
Bio-Chat The Buffelskloof Biological Review Summer Edition November 2019 — February 2020 Erica drakensbergensis Volume 1, part 1. Summer Edition February 2020 Published by Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve P.O. Box 710, Lydenburg/Mashishing 1120, EditorSouth: John Africa Burrows Layout: Sandra Burrows Supporting and inspiring the naturalists of today and tomorrow Bio-Chat The Buffelskloof Biological Review Summer Edition November 2019 — February 2020 FROM THE EDITOR Welcome to the first issue of Bio-Chat, a newsletter Covid-19 will be with us forever, are questions that that aims to bring all our most important research we cannot answer at present. However, I believe it news and snippets of biological interest that is human nature to look on the bright side and trust we’d like to share with you. We plan to combine that the conservation of our environment and the four months of news per issue, one issue for each education of all our biologists and conservationists of our most notable seasons - Spring, Summer will be as important in the future as it has always and Autumn. It will be sent out to the Friends of been. Perhaps even more so as we come to realize Buffelskloof who are all supporting us financially just how fragile our world, and the life on it, really and ensuring that we can grow and, in turn, support are – which, for better, for worse, includes all us the environmental community. humans. If you would like to know a little more about us So we set off on this project in the hopes that we and who we are, please scroll down to the last can continue as we’ve started – perhaps not every page - About Us - which also provides details of season to start off with during these gloomy days our associated websites.