DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetic Relationships Among Genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) Inferred from Plastid DNA and Seed Morphology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) Inferred from Plastid DNA and Seed Morphology Springer-VerlagTokyo102650918-94401618-086030669031Journal of Plant ResearchJ Plant Res007610.1007/s10265-003-0076-8 J Plant Res (2003) 116:115–132 © The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2003 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.1007/s10265-003-0076-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE M. Pfosser • W. Wetschnig • S. Ungar • G. Prenner Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology Received: June 26, 2002 / Accepted: December 5, 2002 / Published online: February 22, 2003 Abstract The tribe Massonieae Baker (Hyacinthaceae- Key words Hyacinthaceae · Massonieae · Molecular phy- Hyacinthoideae) presently consists of about 19 genera and logeny · Plastid DNA sequences · Scanning electron micros- 230 species distributed from Africa (south of the Sahara) to copy · Seed morphology Madagascar and India. Based on atpB and trnL-F DNA sequences the tribe is monophyletic only when the genus Pseudoprospero is excluded from Massonieae. In most trnL-F trees, this genus occupies a basal position within Introduction subfamily Hyacinthoideae and is sister to the rest of the subfamily. Molecular data suggest that the remaining gen- Previous analyses using atpB, rbcL and trnL-F data have era of Massonieae do not share common ancestry with the shown that the family Hyacinthaceae is monophyletic Eurasian/North-African tribe Hyacintheae Dumort. (Scilla, and is nested within Asparagales. Its closest relatives are Hyacinthus and allies), and thus a narrow concept of the the family Themidaceae and Aphyllanthes monspeliensis essentially Eurasian genus Scilla is supported. Members of (Chase et al. 2000; Fay et al. 2000; Pfosser and Speta 1999). well-supported clades in Massonieae usually show similari- Based on molecular, morphological, karyological and ties in seed characteristics as determined by scanning chemotaxonomical data the family can be split into the four electron microscopy. Phylogenetic position and seed mor- subfamilies Oziroeoideae, Urgineoideae, Ornithogaloideae phology indicate that Massonia angustifolia and M. zeyheri and Hyacinthoideae (Pfosser and Speta 1999, 2001). do not belong to the genus Massonia but fall into a clade Taxa from the fifth subfamily Chlorogaloideae previously together with Daubenya, Androsiphon and Amphisiphon. included in Hyacinthaceae (Speta 1998a, 1998b) have been The genus Whiteheadia appears paraphyletic in the 50% shown to have affinities to the families Anthericaceae, majority rule trnL-F tree and occupies a basal position next Funkiaceae and Agavaceae but not to Hyacinthaceae to Massonia. However, in the strict consensus tree neither (Pfosser and Speta 1999, 2001). Within Hyacinthoideae a monophyly nor polyphyly can be excluded for this genus. distribution of genera into the tribes Massonieae Baker and Seed appendages are documented for members of the Hyacintheae Dumort. has been proposed (Speta 1998a). genera Ledebouria and Lachenalia. Within the genera of The two tribes show a strong geographic pattern. According Massonieae there is a tendency towards bending of the seed to Speta, the Massonieae consist of genera with a distribu- axis. This phenomenon is most obvious within the genus tion range from Africa (south of the Sahara) to the Arabian Lachenalia. Delimitation of genera based on seed morphol- peninsula, Madagascar and India, whereas the tribe ogy largely agrees with the results of molecular studies. Hyacintheae is exclusively North Hemispheric and consists Correlation between number, size and color of seeds, of genera with a predominantly Eurasian/North-African geographical distribution and phylogenetic position of the distribution. No phylogenetic investigations have been genera are discussed. undertaken to infer relationships among genera of Masso- nieae so far. Recently, genetic diversity of South African species of Scilla sensu lato has been investigated by RAPD analysis (van Staden and Pan 2001). However, the absence M. Pfosser (*) · S. Ungar of any genus outside of Massonieae makes it impossible to Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of draw phylogenetic conclusions from their work. Botany, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria Tel. +43-1-427754150; Fax +43-1-42779541 The inventory of species within Massonieae is not yet e-mail: [email protected] complete and delimitation of genera is still under dispute; W. Wetschnig · G. Prenner for example, in 1997, Müller-Doblies and Müller-Doblies Institute of Botany, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria published a partial revision of Massonieae in which they 116 described the new genus Namophila and recognized 15 CTAB, 100 mM Tris, 1.4 M NaCl, 20 mM EDTA, 0.2% mer- genera (Müller-Doblies and Müller-Doblies 1997). Speta captoethanol, pH 8.0) for 30 min at 60°C; 500 ml chloro- (1998a) described the new genera Merwilla, Pseudopros- form/isoamylalcohol (24/1) was added and the extraction pero and Avonsera and also recognized fifteen, partly dif- mix incubated for 15 min at 4°C. After centrifugation, the ferent, genera. Pfosser and Speta (1999) questioned the DNA was precipitated with 500 ml isopropanol. The pellet independent generic status of Daubenya, Androsiphon and was washed with 70% ethanol and dissolved in 100 ml TE Amphisiphon. Goldblatt and Manning (2000) finally trans- buffer. ferred the monotypic genera Androsiphon and Amphisi- phon as well as Neobakeria namaquensis and Massonia angustifolia to Daubenya. Jessop (1970) and Stedje (1998) DNA sequencing grouped several members of Massonieae within a broadly defined genus, Scilla. However, such a classification inevita- Two non-coding regions and one coding region of the plas- bly results in a highly polymorphic genus (Pfosser and Speta tid genome were sequenced. The trnL(UAA) intron and the 1999, 2001, 2003). intergenic spacer (IGS) between the trnL(UAA)-3¢exon Morphology of seeds is rather diverse in Hyacinthaceae. and the trnF(GAA) gene were amplified together in a single Seed characteristics have been shown to be useful for sub- PCR reaction (Pfosser and Speta 1999). The atpB gene familial delimitation (Speta 1998a) and generic grouping was amplified using the primers S2 and 1493R (Hoot et al. (Jessop 1975). Recently, a survey of seed morphology 1995). Amplified double-stranded DNA fragments were among genera of Massonieae was presented (Wetschnig et sequenced directly on an ABI377 automated sequencer al. 2002). (Perkin Elmer, Beaconsfield, UK) following the DYEnam- The aim of the present study was to investigate the icET cycle sequencing protocol (Amersham Pharmacia, monophyly of the tribe Massonieae, the relationship among Piscataway, N.J.). Both strands were sequenced using the genera and to the sister tribe Hyacintheae. The study is nested sequencing primers described for the trnL-F region based on plastid DNA and seed morphology using material (Pfosser and Speta 1999). Sequencing primers for the atpB from Africa, Madagascar, India, Eurasia, North Africa and gene were the same as those used by Hoot et al. (1995) East Asia. One coding region of plastid DNA (atpB) and except for two internal sequencing primers which were two non-coding regions, the trnL(UAA) intron and the designed specifically for the sequencing of Asparagalean trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) intergenic spacer, were investi- taxa (primer 385x: 5¢-GCG CAG ATC TAT GAA TAG gated. The atpB gene has been shown to be useful for higher GTG ATG T-3¢, primer 766x: 5¢-TAA CAT CCC GGA level systematic studies in monocots (Chase et al. 2000; AAT ATT CCG CCA T-3¢). On average, less than 1% of Savolainen et al. 2000), whereas the non-coding regions data matrix cells were scored as missing data. have been used successfully in Hyacinthaceae and many other groups to reveal subfamilial relationships (Pfosser and Speta 1999, 2001, 2003; Stedje 1998, 2000). Seed mor- phology data based on light and electron microscopic exam- Phylogenetic analysis inations were used as additional characters for generic delimitation within Massonieae. Correlation between seed Sequence manipulations were performed on a Digital morphology, geographical distribution and phylogenetic Alpha 1000A 5/400 server under the operating system position of genera are discussed. Digital Unix V.4.0D. DNA sequences were pre-aligned using the PileUp program of the GCG software package (Genetics Computer Group 1994). Final alignment of DNA sequences was performed by visual inspection. The Materials and methods sequences have been trimmed on both ends to exclude ambiguous positions in close proximity to the sequencing Taxa sampled primers. All sequences have been deposited in the EMBL database (for accession numbers refer to Appendix). Phy- This analysis is based on material of Hyacinthoideae sam- logenetic analysis using the maximum parsimony method pled from Africa, Madagascar, India, Eurasia, North Africa was performed with the computer program PAUP* version and East Asia. Voucher information for all plant accessions, 4.0b10 (Swofford 2000). Most parsimonious trees were geographic origin, and EMBL database accession numbers obtained by 1,000 replicates of random sequence addition are provided in the Appendix. Nomenclature follows that using tree bisection-reconnection branch swapping under of Speta (1998a, 1998b). the Fitch criterion (Fitch 1971). Ten thousand fast bootstrap replicates (Felsenstein 1985) were used to assess confidence limits for the resulting tree topologies. Indels in the data matrix were coded as additional characters (indels longer DNA extraction than one nucleotide position
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary of Offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019
    Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 3841 Number of items in BX 301 thru BX 463 1815 Number of unique text strings used as taxa 990 Taxa offered as bulbs 1056 Taxa offered as seeds 308 Number of genera This does not include the SXs. Top 20 Most Oft Listed: BULBS Times listed SEEDS Times listed Oxalis obtusa 53 Zephyranthes primulina 20 Oxalis flava 36 Rhodophiala bifida 14 Oxalis hirta 25 Habranthus tubispathus 13 Oxalis bowiei 22 Moraea villosa 13 Ferraria crispa 20 Veltheimia bracteata 13 Oxalis sp. 20 Clivia miniata 12 Oxalis purpurea 18 Zephyranthes drummondii 12 Lachenalia mutabilis 17 Zephyranthes reginae 11 Moraea sp. 17 Amaryllis belladonna 10 Amaryllis belladonna 14 Calochortus venustus 10 Oxalis luteola 14 Zephyranthes fosteri 10 Albuca sp. 13 Calochortus luteus 9 Moraea villosa 13 Crinum bulbispermum 9 Oxalis caprina 13 Habranthus robustus 9 Oxalis imbricata 12 Haemanthus albiflos 9 Oxalis namaquana 12 Nerine bowdenii 9 Oxalis engleriana 11 Cyclamen graecum 8 Oxalis melanosticta 'Ken Aslet'11 Fritillaria affinis 8 Moraea ciliata 10 Habranthus brachyandrus 8 Oxalis commutata 10 Zephyranthes 'Pink Beauty' 8 Summary of offerings in the PBS Bulb Exchange, Dec 2012- Nov 2019 Most taxa specify to species level. 34 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for bulbs 23 taxa were listed as Genus sp. for seeds 141 taxa were listed with quoted 'Variety' Top 20 Most often listed Genera BULBS SEEDS Genus N items BXs Genus N items BXs Oxalis 450 64 Zephyranthes 202 35 Lachenalia 125 47 Calochortus 94 15 Moraea 99 31 Moraea
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Roles of Eucomis Autumnalis in Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: a Review
    Alaribe et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research April 2018; 17 (4): 741-749 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v17i4.25 Review Article Possible roles of Eucomis autumnalis in bone and cartilage regeneration: A review Franca N Alaribe, Makwese J Maepa, Nolutho Mkhumbeni, Shirley CKM Motaung Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa *For correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +27-123826265/6333; Fax: +27-123826262 Sent for review: Revised accepted: 23 October 2017 Abstract In response to the recent alarming prevalence of cancer, osteoarthritis and other inflammatory disorders, the study of anti-inflammatory and anticancer crude medicinal plant extracts has gained considerable attention. Eucomis autumnalis is a native flora of South Africa with medicinal value. It has been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor/cancer, anti-oxidative and anti- histaminic characteristics and produces bulb that have therapeutic value in South African traditional medicine. Despite the widely acclaimed therapeutic values of Eucomis autumnalis, its proper identification and proper knowledge, morphogenetic factors are yet to be efficiently evaluated. Similar to other plants with the same characteristics, E. autumnalis extract may stimulate bone formation and cartilage regeneration by virtue of its anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides data presented in the literature and tries to evaluate the three subspecies of E. autumnalis, highlighting their geographical location in South African provinces, their toxicity effects, as well as their phytochemistry and anti-inflammatory properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Cally Plant List a ACIPHYLLA Horrida
    Cally Plant List A ACIPHYLLA horrida ACONITUM albo-violaceum albiflorum ABELIOPHYLLUM distichum ACONITUM cultivar ABUTILON vitifolium ‘Album’ ACONITUM pubiceps ‘Blue Form’ ACAENA magellanica ACONITUM pubiceps ‘White Form’ ACAENA species ACONITUM ‘Spark’s Variety’ ACAENA microphylla ‘Kupferteppich’ ACONITUM cammarum ‘Bicolor’ ACANTHUS mollis Latifolius ACONITUM cammarum ‘Franz Marc’ ACANTHUS spinosus Spinosissimus ACONITUM lycoctonum vulparia ACANTHUS ‘Summer Beauty’ ACONITUM variegatum ACANTHUS dioscoridis perringii ACONITUM alboviolaceum ACANTHUS dioscoridis ACONITUM lycoctonum neapolitanum ACANTHUS spinosus ACONITUM paniculatum ACANTHUS hungaricus ACONITUM species ex. China (Ron 291) ACANTHUS mollis ‘Long Spike’ ACONITUM japonicum ACANTHUS mollis free-flowering ACONITUM species Ex. Japan ACANTHUS mollis ‘Turkish Form’ ACONITUM episcopale ACANTHUS mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’ ACONITUM ex. Russia ACANTHUS syriacus ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Spätlese’ ACER japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’ ACONITUM yezoense ACER palmatum ‘Filigree’ ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Barker’s Variety’ ACHILLEA grandifolia ACONITUM ‘Newry Blue’ ACHILLEA ptarmica ‘Perry’s White’ ACONITUM napellus ‘Bergfürst’ ACHILLEA clypeolata ACONITUM unciniatum ACIPHYLLA monroi ACONITUM napellus ‘Blue Valley’ ACIPHYLLA squarrosa ACONITUM lycoctonum ‘Russian Yellow’ ACIPHYLLA subflabellata ACONITUM japonicum subcuneatum ACONITUM meta-japonicum ADENOPHORA aurita ACONITUM napellus ‘Carneum’ ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Japonicum’ ACONITUM arcuatum B&SWJ 774 ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Miss Sharples’ ACORUS calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’
    [Show full text]
  • BURIED TREASURE Summer 2019 Rannveig Wallis, Llwyn Ifan, Porthyrhyd, Carmarthen, UK
    BURIED TREASURE Summer 2019 Rannveig Wallis, Llwyn Ifan, Porthyrhyd, Carmarthen, UK. SA32 8BP Email: [email protected] I am still trying unsuccessfully to retire from this enterprise. In order to reduce work, I am sowing fewer seeds and concentrating on selling excess stock which has been repotted in the current year. Some are therefore in quite small numbers. I hope that you find something of interest and order early to avoid any disappointments. Please note that my autumn seed list is included below. This means that seed is fresher and you can sow it earlier. Terms of Business: I can accept payment by either: • Cheque made out to "R Wallis" (n.b. Please do not fill in the amount but add the words “not to exceed £xx” ACROSS THE TOP); • PayPal, please include your email address with the order and wait for an invoice after I dispatch your order; • In cash (Sterling, Euro or US dollar are accepted, in this case I advise using registered mail). Please note that I can only accept orders placed before the end of August. Parcels will be dispatched at the beginning of September. If you are going to be away please let me know so that I can coordinate dispatch. I will not cash your cheque until your order is dispatched. If ordering by email, and following up by post, please ensure that you tick the box on the order form to avoid duplication. Acis autumnalis var pulchella A Moroccan version of this excellent early autumn flowerer. It is quite distinct in the fact that the pedicels and bracts are green rather than maroon as in the type variety.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 8. Issue 1. March 2008 ISSN: 1474-4635 Alsterworthia International
    Haworthia ‘Baccata’ Cultivar Nova. ISI 1567 C o n t e n t s Haworthia ‘Baccata’ Gordon Rowley. Cultivar Nova. ................................................................................. Front cover, 6 The incredible Mucute Mountain. Pedro Capela .......................................................................................................... 2-5 The Sedum Society ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Haworthias in cultivation - Conserving names of cultivars. G.D. Rowley ....................................................... 7-12, 17-19 Seed list & DVD ......................................................................................................................................................... 13-16 Perplexities at Tradouw Pass. Russell Scott. ................................................................................................................ 20-23 More trenchant botany. M B Bayer ................................................................................................................................... 21 Aloe mossurilensis Ellert sp.nov. A long-overlooked species from northern Moçambique. ........................................ 24-28 Volume 8. Issue 1. March 2008 ISSN: 1474-4635 Alsterworthia International. Vol. 8. Issue 1. 1 THE INCREDIBLE MUCUTE MOUNTAIN Pedro Capela [email protected] Fig. 1. Two high peaks in the Mucute range. To find Aloe canelli, please try the
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Show Schedules 2012 Ver Finale
    119. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 120. 1 pan dwarf shurb THE SCOTTISH ROCK GARDEN CLUB 121. 1 pan rock plant raised from seed by the exhibitor. Date of sowing to be stated. Botanical notes permitted, AGS note 23(e) SECTION III Open to Amateur Members of AGS and SRGC who have not won an AGS Bronze Merit Medal or more than ten First Prizes at Shows run by either Society prior to 1st January 2011. Pan size not to exceed 19 cm outside diameter 130. 3 pans rock plants, distinct 131. 1 pan rock plant in flower 132. 1 pan Gentiana 133. 1 pan Cyclamen 134. 1 pan bulbous plant 135. 1 pan rock plant native to the Southern Hemisphere 136. 1 pan rock plant native to the Northern Hemisphere 137. 1 pan rock plant for foliage effect 138. 1 pan dwarf shrub or conifer 139. 1 pan rock plant. For exhibitors who have never won a first prize at an AGS or SRGC National show SHOW SCHEDULES 2012 DUNBLANE EARLY BULB DISPLAY 18th February* BLACKPOOL SHOW 17th March* STIRLING SHOW 24th March† New Location - Show this Year is in KINCARDINE NORTHUMBERLAND 40th ANNIVERSARY SHOW, HEXHAM 31st March EDINBURGH & THE LOTHIANS SHOW 14th April* PERTH SHOW 21st April HIGHLAND SHOW, NAIRN 28th April GLASGOW SHOW 5th May* ABERDEEN SHOW 19th May* GARDENING SCOTLAND (Joint Rock Only) 2nd June* LATE BULB DISPLAY, RBGE 8th September DISCUSSION WEEKEND, DUMFRIES 29th - 30th September NEWCASTLE SHOW 13th October* AGM 10th November† *Joint Rock Garden Plant Committee meetings 48 †Photographic/Art Competition SHOWS 2012 SHOW RULES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucomis Bicolor Baker) an Ornamental and Medicinal Plant
    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 110 (2018) 159-171 EISSN 2392-2192 Chitosan improves growth and bulb yield of pineapple lily (Eucomis bicolor Baker) an ornamental and medicinal plant Andżelika Byczyńska Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The wide demand for natural biostimulants encourages the search for new, alternative sources of substances with high biological activity. Chitosan can promote plant growth and root system development, enhance photosynthetic activity, increase nutrient and metabolite content. Eucomis bicolor, commonly known as the ‘pineapple lily’, is not widely known in terms of cultivation and biological activity. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of chitosan on growth of Eucomis bicolor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the effect of chitosan on morphological features of Eucomis bicolor. The results showed that soaking Eucomis bicolor bulbs in a chitosan solution before planting has stimulated the growth, flowering and yield of bulbs. Treating the plants with chitosan at 50 mg/L had the most beneficial effect on the number of leaves per plant, the relative chlorophyll content in the leaves as well as the number of bulbs per plant. Chitosan has a multi-directional, positive effect on plant growth and can be used as a potential biostimulant. Keywords: biostimulants, Eucomis bicolor, geophytes, ornamental crops, polysaccharides ( Received 31 August 2018; Accepted 14 September 2018; Date of Publication 15 September 2018 ) World Scientific News 110 (2018) 159-171 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs
    20182018 Green RoofsUrban and Naturalist Urban Biodiversity SpecialSpecial Issue No. Issue 1:16–38 No. 1 A. Nagase, Y. Yamada, T. Aoki, and M. Nomura URBAN NATURALIST Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs Ayako Nagase1,*, Yoriyuki Yamada2, Tadataka Aoki2, and Masashi Nomura3 Abstract - Urban biodiversity is an important ecological goal that drives green-roof in- stallation. We studied 2 kinds of green roofs designed to optimize biodiversity benefits: the Harappa (extensive) roof and the Biotope (intensive) roof. The Harappa roof mimics vacant-lot vegetation. It is relatively inexpensive, is made from recycled materials, and features community participation in the processes of design, construction, and mainte- nance. The Biotope roof includes mainly native and host plant species for arthropods, as well as water features and stones to create a wide range of habitats. This study is the first to showcase the Harappa roof and to compare biodiversity on Harappa and Biotope roofs. Arthropod species richness was significantly greater on the Biotope roof. The Harappa roof had dynamic seasonal changes in vegetation and mainly provided habitats for grassland fauna. In contrast, the Biotope roof provided stable habitats for various arthropods. Herein, we outline a set of testable hypotheses for future comparison of these different types of green roofs aimed at supporting urban biodiversity. Introduction Rapid urban growth and associated anthropogenic environmental change have been identified as major threats to biodiversity at a global scale (Grimm et al. 2008, Güneralp and Seto 2013). Green roofs can partially compensate for the loss of green areas by replacing impervious rooftop surfaces and thus, contribute to urban biodiversity (Brenneisen 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Todas Las Plantas Que Tengo Fotografiadas Ordenado Por Familias Según El Sistema APG III (Última Actualización: 2 De Septiembre De 2021)
    Listado de todas las plantas que tengo fotografiadas ordenado por familias según el sistema APG III (última actualización: 2 de Septiembre de 2021) GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA Acanthus hungaricus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Metarungia longistrobus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema callistachyum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema cuspidatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra flava Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema tubaeforme Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra sinclairiana Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys lutea Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra squarrosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys spicata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Peristrophe speciosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Phaulopsis pulchella Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria obtusa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Rubrum’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria repens Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia lamium Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia owariensis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum ‘Purple Dazzler’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Ruellia
    [Show full text]
  • Cibulnaté a Hlíznaté Rostliny
    Cibulnaté a hlíznaté rostliny Přehled druhů 2: Asparagales Řád Asparagales rozsáhlý řád, 14 čeledí, některé obrovské semena rostlin obsahují černé barvivo melanin (některé druhy ho druhotně ztratily) Hosta PREZENTACE © JN Iridaceae (kosatcovité) Řád Asparagales Čeleď Iridaceae (kosatcovité) vytrvalé byliny s oddenky, hlízami, nebo cibulemi stonek přímý nevětvený, někdy zkrácený listy mečovité nebo čárkovité, dvouřadé se souběžnou žilnatinou květy jednotlivé nebo v chudých květenstvích (vějířek nebo srpek) – významné druhy okrasného zahradnictví subtropy až mírné pásmo 70/1750, ČR 3/12 PREZENTACE © JN Iridaceae (kosatcovité) Řád Asparagales Čeleď Iridaceae (kosatcovité) Zahradnicky významné jsou: mečíky (Gladiolus), frézie (Freesia), kosatce (Iris), šafrány (Crocus) Mezi další zahradnicky významné Iridaceae patří např. Crocosmia, Ixia, Tigridia © Saxifraga-Dirk Hilbers © Saxifraga-Inigo Sanchez Iris xiphium http://www.freenatureimages.eu/Plants/Flora%20D-I/Iris%20xiphium/slides/Iris%20xiphium%201,%20Saxifraga-Dirk%20Hilbers.jpg http://www.freenatureimages.eu/Plants/Flora%20D-I/Iris%20xiphium/slides/Iris%20xiphium%202,%20Saxifraga-Inigo%20Sanchez.jpg Iridaceae (kosatcovité) Iris (kosatec) zahrnuje i množství druhů které se neřadí mezi cibuloviny. Do cibulovin patří kosatce sekce Xiphium a Reticulata Sekce Xiphium - původní druhy pocházejí ze středomoří, hlavně Pyrenejí, zde rostou v 1500 m na mořem Cibule se 3-5 masitými šupinami, žlábkovité listy , stvol s 2-3 tuhými zelenými listeny a 2-3 květy, jsou modré se žlutým středem na vnějších okvětních lístcích, v přírodě kvetou koncem června Křížením původních druh této sekce hlavně Iris xiphium a I. tingitana vzniklo velké množství kutivarů – označované jako Dutch iris (holandské kosatce), pěstují se tržně v mnoha barvách (od bílé, žluté, modré až po fialovou) a prodávají jako řezané květiny např.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phytochemical Investigation of Two South African Plants: Strophanthus Speciosus and Eucomis Montana
    UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL A PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS WITH THE SCREENING OF EXTRACTIVES FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY By ANDREW BRUCE GALLAGHER B. Sc Honours (cum laude) (UKZN) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In the School of Biological and Conservation Science and The School of Chemistry University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College campus Durban South Africa 2006 ABSTRACT Two South African medicinal plants, Strophanthus speciosus and Eucomis montana, were investigated phytochemically. From Strophanthus speciosus a cardenolide, neritaloside, was isolated, whilst Eucomis montana yielded three homoisoflavanones, 3,9- dihydroeucomin, 4' -demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4' -demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9- dihydroeucomin. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The homoisoflavanones were screened for anti-inflammatory activity usmg a chemiluminescent luminol assay, modified for microplate usage. All of the homoisoflavanones exhibited good inhibition of chemiluminescence, with ICso values for 3,9-dihydroeucomin, 4' -demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4' -demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9- dihydroeucomin being 14mg/mL, 7 mg/mL, and 13mg/mL respectively. The ICso value of 4'-demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin compared favourably with the NSAID control (meloxicam), which had an ICso of 6mg/mL. Neritaloside was not screened for biological activity as the yield of 14.4mg was insufficient for the muscle-relaxant screen for which it was intended. An assay for antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity was also performed. All the compounds had excellent antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity, with percentage inhibition of the reaction being 92%, 96%, and 94% for 3,9-dihydroeucomin, 4'­ demethyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin, and 4'-demethyl-5-0-methyl-3,9-dihydroeucomin respectively at a concentration of 10mg/mL.
    [Show full text]