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Sl. 1. L. Horvat I S. Planić

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Sl. 1. L. Horvat I S. Planić Sl. 1. L. Horvat i S. Planiæ: Dravna štamparija u Beogradu, natjeèajni projekt, 1933. Fig. 1 L. Horvat and S. Planiæ: State Printing House in Belgrade, competition project, 1933 Znanstveni prilozi|Scientific Papers 14[2006] 2[32] PROSTOR 167 Zrinka Paladino Grad Zagreb Town of Zagreb Gradski zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture i prirode City Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments and Nature HR – 10000 Zagreb, Kuševiæeva 2 HR – 10000 Zagreb, Kuševiæeva 2 Izvorni znanstveni èlanak Original Scientific Paper UDK 72.05:72.008 (497.5) Horvat, Lavoslav ”1929/1935” UDC 72.05:72.008 (497.5) Horvat, Lavoslav ”1929/1935” Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning 2.01.04 – Povijest i teorija arhitekture 2.01.04 – History and Theory of Architecture i zaštita graditeljskog naslijeða and Preservation of the Built Heritage Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 01. 06. 2006. / 17. 10. 2006. Article Received / Accepted: 01. 06. 2006. / 17. 10. 2006. Arhitekt Lavoslav Horvat i „Udruenje umjetnika Zemlja” Architect Lavoslav Horvat and „Association of Artists Zemlja” Drago Ibler Drago Ibler Iblerova škola arhitekture Ibler’s school of architecture Lavoslav Horvat Lavoslav Horvat Stjepan Planiæ Stjepan Planiæ Udruenje umjetnika Zemlja Association of Artists Zemlja Arhitekt Lavoslav Horvat bio je poèetkom 1930-ih godina meðu prvim èlano- In the early 1930s the architect Lavoslav Horvat was one of the first members of vima udruenja „Zemlja”, s kojima je udruenim snagama nastojao promicati the Association „Zemlja” whose aim was to foster modern architectural con- nova, moderna arhitektonska promišljanja. Istodobno ga treba ubrojiti i meðu cepts. He was one of those architects who had an opportunity to see a large one malobrojne arhitekte koji su imali i prigodu realizirati velik broj projekata. number of his projects executed. In spite of the fact that he was one of the very Znaèajan je opus Lavoslava Horvata prilièno oskudno obraðivan, iako je njegov prominent architects in accepting and promoting modern architectural tenden- udio u širenju i prihvaæanju moderne arhitektonske misli na našim podruèjima cies in Croatia in those days, his entire work has never been thoroughly re- 1930-ih godina bio znaèajan. searched. 168 PROSTOR 2[32] 14[2006] 166-177 Z. PALADINO Arhitekt Lavoslav Horvat… Znanstveni prilozi|Scientific Papers UVOD su samo segmente pojedinih opusa koji su, dakako, bili znatno opseniji. INTRODUCTION Povod za potanku analizu radova Lavoslava Horvata èinjenica je da se o njemu, za razliku od drugih èlanova udruenja, relativno malo pisalo premda je njegov doprinos u širenju i prihvaæanju moderne arhitektonske misli tri- desetih godina prošlog stoljeæa na našem po- druèju neupitan. Opsenu Horvatovu graditelj- sku i arhitektonsku djelatnost toga razdoblja nije moguæe u jednom istraivanju cjelovito prikazati, pa su u ovom radu analizirana samo djela koja su bila predstavljena javnosti na izlobama Udruenja umjetnika „Zemlja”. Zna- èajke ostalih radova ovoga razdoblja bit æe raz- loene u sljedeæim istraivanjima. [KOLOVANJE ARHITEKTA LAVOSLAVA HORVATA LAVOSLAV HORVAT’S EDUCATION Lavoslav Horvat rodio se 27. rujna 1901. godine u Varadinskim Toplicama.2 Od 1918. do 1922. godine školovao se na Arhitektonskom odsjeku Dravne srednje tehnièke škole u Zagrebu,3 a potom se s temeljito usvojenim tehnièkim zna- njem kao mladi suradnik zaposlio u arhitekton- skom atelijeru Rudolfa Lubynskoga.4 U jesen 1926., s èetiri godine prakse, Horvat je meðu prvim polaznicima5 Škole za arhitekturu Kra- djelovanju grupe „Zemlja”, umjetniè- 6 O ljevske umjetnièke akademije (KUA) profe- kog udruenja s vlastitim socijalno usmjere- sora Drage Iblera.7 Tijekom studija sprijateljio nim programom, mnogo je toga napisano. se sa Stjepanom Planiæem, s kojim æe poslije Stoga æe se u ovome radu, uz saet kronološ- godinama suraðivati na veæem broju projeka- ki prikaz, iz cjelokupnoga umjetnièkog djelo- ta. Od prvih pet polaznika tzv. Iblerove škole, vanja „Zemlje” izdvojiti samo njen arhitek- njih èak troje s vremenom æe se uèlaniti u tonski segment s naglaskom na djelovanje i udruenje „Zemlja”, a malo kasnije u statusu izlaganja arhitekta Lavoslava Horvata. Istra- gosta prikljuèit æe im se i Drago Galiæ. Moe se ivanje se metodološki temelji na analizi i in- stoga zakljuèiti da se veæina buduæih sudioni- terpretaciji materijala iz osobnog arhivskog ka izlobi „Zemlja” formirala upravo iz Iblero- fonda Lavoslava Horvata i drugih arhivskih iz- ve Škole za arhitekturu. vora, kataloga odranih izlobi i retrospektiv- Istièem da su se u školu uglavnom upisivali ne izlobe „Zemlje” kojim je 1971. godine vjer- veæ oblikovani graditelji s višegodišnjim sta- no rekonstruiran slijed zbivanja, a izlaganja em koji su i tijekom studija nastavili aktivno su nadopunjena podacima iz domaæe znan- projektirati te sudjelovati u svim znaèajnijim stvene i struène literature. natjeèajima.8 Time se pak moe objasniti i èinjenica njihova dugogodišnjeg studiranja.9 Radi dobivanja jasnije slike o kvantitativnom udjelu Horvatovih projekata unutar djelova- nja grupe, pojedinaèno su navedeni i svi osta- li sudionici te njihovi radovi koji su se temat- 1 U raspisivanju natjeèaja prednjaèili su gradovi poput ski preklapali s Horvatovim. Razlog tome nije Zagreba, Splita ili Beograda. samo opetovano naglašavanje njihova zna- 2 Premerl, 2002: 646 èenja nego prije svega stjecanje cjelovitijega 3 Širola, Širola, Prestini, 1933: 71 dojma o djelatnosti eminentnih arhitekton- 4 Laslo, 1984-85: 182 skih pojedinaca meðuratnoga razdoblja – 5 Prvi polaznici škole bili su: G. Bohutinsky, L. Horvat, M. Kauzlariæ, S. Planiæ i A. Freudenreich (Novina, 2004: promotora zagrebaèke arhitektonske škole i 136, 142-143). hrvatske moderne arhitekture uopæe. 6 KUA je 1940. preimenovana u Akademiju likovnih um- Novina Veæina izlaganih radova bili su projekti s veli- jetnosti ( , 2004: 136). Polak, 1991: 14 kih arhitektonskih natjeèaja raspisivanih 7 8 Šegviæ, 1981: 13 1930-ih godina u èitavoj zemlji,1 te se nerijet- 9 Školovanje na Arhitektonskoj školi na KUA, kao i na ko dogaðalo da više arhitekata izloi projekte Arhitektonskom odjelu Tehnièkoga fakulteta, trajalo je osam s istih natjeèaja. Izlagani radovi predstavljali semestara (Biondiæ, 2000: 20). Znanstveni prilozi|Scientific Papers Arhitekt Lavoslav Horvat… Z. PALADINO 166-177 14[2006] 2[32] PROSTOR 169 Od ukupno 57 polaznika Škole za arhitekturu, nost najizrazitije su obiljeili udruenje na sa- u razdoblju od 1926. do 1943. godine, diplomi- mome poèetku njegova djelovanja. Najvani- ralo je samo njih 18,10 a i sam Horvat diplomi- jom zadaæom èlanovi su smatrali popularizaci- rao je 1935. godine,11 nakon devet godina stu- ju jedine prihvatljive „ideološki ispravne” um- dija, i stekao naslov akademskog arhitekta.12 jetnosti izlobama i prateæim im predavanjima. U literaturi je opravdano èesto naglašavano Tijekom šestogodišnjega djelovanja organizi- rano je šest samostalnih izloaba u Zagrebu, znaèenje kako samoga Iblera tako i njegove 16 škole arhitekture s dostignuæima njenih arhi- Parizu i Beogradu, te gostovanje u Sofiji. Èla- tekata, koji su stvarali po principu „širokoga novi su udruenja istodobno, pojedinaèno ili u skupinama sudjelovali i na brojnim izlobama metodskog zahvata uz neprihvaæanje doktri- 17 niranih konstruktivistièkih ili funkcionalistiè- u zemlji i svijetu. kih stavova”.13 HORVATOVI RADOVI IZLAGANI Sl. 2. L. Horvat: Okruni ured za osiguranje radnika u Beogradu, natjeèajni projekt, 1929. „UDRU@ENJE UMJETNIKA ZEMLJA” NA IZLO@BAMA GRUPE „ZEMLJA” Fig. 2 L. Horvat: District Office for Safety at Work in Belgrade, competition project, 1929 „ASSOCIATION OF ARTISTS ZEMLJA” HORVAT’S WORK ON EXHIBITIONS HELD BY „ZEMLJA” Zamisao o osnivanju grupe istomišljenika s ja- snim umjetnièkim programom zaèeta je u raz- Prva izloba udruenja „Zemlja” odrana je u doblju izmeðu 1926. i 1928. godine na relaciji studenome 1929. godine u zagrebaèkome Sa- Pariz – Zagreb.14 Prva sjednica privremenoga lonu Ulrich. Odlukom udruenja izlagali su osnivaèkog odbora, na kojoj je i usvojen naziv samo èlanovi: sedam slikara, dva kipara i ar- „Udruenje umjetnika Zemlja”, odrana je po- hitekt Drago Ibler – autor manifesta otisnuto- èetkom 1929. godine – po povratku u domovi- ga na naslovnici kataloga. Manifest je u cijelo- nu Krste Hegedušiæa, idejnoga zaèetnika gru- sti odraavao ljevièarsku ideologiju koja je pe. Na konstituirajuæoj skupštini, odranoj u proimala udruenje. Na prvoj godišnjoj skup- atelijeru Drage Iblera na Akademiji likovnih štini 1930. godine18 odluèeno je da se novi èla- umjetnosti, u veljaèi iste godine usvojeni su novi ne primaju, ali da se oblik proširene su- Pravilnik i Odluka o odravanju Prve izlobe.15 radnje na sljedeæoj izlobi ostvari gostova- Program udruenja prihvaæen u svibnju ekspli- njem slikara Marijana Detonija i Ðure Tiljka, te citno je izrazio tenju udruenja za neovisnoš- arhitekta Lavoslava Horvata.19 To je ujedno bio æu našega likovnog izraza koji je u cijelosti tre- i prvi dokumentirani doticaj Horvata s udru- bao iskazati potrebe suvremenoga èovjeka. enjem, kojega je dvije godine kasnije postao Socijalna osviještenost i senzibilitet za real- redovnim èlanom. Sljedeæe, 1931. godine, odrane su Druga i Tre- 10 Novina, 2004: 142-143 æa izloba udruenja, a ista je godina ostala 11 Zajedno s B. Bonom, A. Freudenreichom, D. Galiæem, obiljeena i prvim uhiæenjem Krste Hegeduši- V. Galiæem i S. Planiæem (Novina, 2004: 142-143). æa, èime je zapoèeo ozbiljniji sukob udruenja 12 Tehnièki fakultet dodjeljivao je akademski naslov
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