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PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/SEPARAT 82-95 Znanstveni Prilozi Vladan Djokiæ Goran Mickovski

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PROSTOR POSEBNI OTISAK/SEPARAT 82-95 Znanstveni Prilozi Vladan Djokiæ Goran Mickovski PROSTOR 23 [2015] 1 [49] ZNANSTVENI ÈASOPIS ZA ARHITEKTURU I URBANIZAM A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING SVEUÈILIŠTE POSEBNI OTISAK / SEPARAT OFFPRINT U ZAGREBU, ARHITEKTONSKI FAKULTET Znanstveni prilozi Scientific Papers UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB, FACULTY 82-95 Goran Mickovski Okružni ured za osiguranje Social Security District Office OF ARCHITECTURE Vladan Djokiæ radnika u Skopju arhitekta in Skopje Designed by the Architect Drage Iblera, 1934. Drago Ibler, 1934 ISSN 1330-0652 CODEN PORREV Izvorni znanstveni èlanak Original Scientific Paper UDK | UDC 71/72 UDK 725.1 D. Ibler (497.7, Skopje)”19” UDC 725.1 D. Ibler (497.7, Skopje)”19” 23 [2015] 1 [49] 1-194 1-6 [2015] Sl. 1. D. Ibler i D. Galiæ: Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika u Skopju, 1934. Fig. 1. D. Ibler and D. Galiæ: Social Security District Office, Skopje, 1934 PROSTOR Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers 23[2015] 1[49] 83 Goran Mickovski, Vladan Djokiæ Univerzitet „Sv. Kiril i Metodij” The Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje Arhitektonski fakultet Skopje Faculty of Architecture Makedonija - 1000 Skopje, Bulevar Partizanski odredi 24 Macedonia - 1000 Skopje, Bulevar Partizanski odredi 24 Univerzitet u Beogradu University of Belgrade Arhitektonski fakultet Faculty of Architecture Srbija - 11000 Beograd, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73 Serbia - 11000 Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Izvorni znanstveni èlanak Original Scientific Paper UDK 725.1 D. Ibler (497.7, Skopje)”19” UDC 725.1 D. Ibler (497.7, Skopje)”19” Tehnièke znanosti / Arhitektura i urbanizam Technical Sciences / Architecture and Urban Planning 2.01.04. - Povijest i teorija arhitekture 2.01.04. - History and Theory of Architecture i zaštita graditeljskog naslijeða and Preservation of the Built Heritage Èlanak primljen / prihvaæen: 25. 7. 2014. / 9. 6. 2015. Article Received / Accepted: 25. 7. 2014. / 9. 6. 2015. Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika u Skopju arhitekta Drage Iblera, 1934. Social Security District Office in Skopje Designed by the Architect Drago Ibler, 1934 Galiæ, Drago Galiæ, Drago hrvatska moderna arhitektura Croatian Modern architecture Ibler, Drago Ibler, Drago Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika [OUZOR] Social Security District Office [SSDO] Skopje, Makedonija Skopje, Macedonia Povodom 81. obljetnice izgradnje, a na temelju analize originalnih projektnih On the occasion of the 81st anniversary of its construction, this paper presents materijala i dokumentacije vezane za izgradnju, prouèavanje postojeæeg sta- the building of the Social Security District Office [SSDO] in Skopje designed by nja te izuèavanje dokumentacijskih izvora i literature vezanih za kontekst vre- the Croatian architect Drago Ibler, which was opened on the 1st of June in 1934. mena i prostora izgradnje, u èlanku æe biti predstavljena zgrada Okružnoga This research is based on the analysis of the original design and documents ureda za osiguranje radnika [OUZOR] u Skopju hrvatskoga arhitekta Drage related to its construction, its present condition, as well as documents and Iblera, puštenog u uporabu 1. lipnja 1934. godine. literature dealing with that historical period and the site. PROSTOR 84 1[49] 23[2015] 82-95 G. MICKOVSKI, V. DJOKIÆ Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika u Skopju… Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers UVOD je bila Hrvatska, kompromisnu - kakva je bila Njemaèka, i radikalnu, kakva je bila Francu- INTRODUCTION ska. U vertikalnom smislu, sadrži sve elemen- te iz kojih se poretka i odnosa ideologijsko stupnjevanje i izvodi: elemente neostilova, secesije, ekspresionizma, internacionalnog funkcionalizma i njegove posthume”.3 Dugo razdoblje Iblerova rada presijeca se u godi- nama povijesnih dogaðanja, boravkom u razlièitim zemljama i svakako stilskim opred- jeljenjima. Ž. Èorak ustanovljuje pet Iblerovih stvaralaèkih razdoblja: 1) tradicionalna figu- racija, razdoblje studija (1913.-1921.); 2) slo- bodna figuracija - ekspresionistièko razdob- lje, rad u atelijeru Hansa Poelziga i prve godi- ne nakon povratka u Zagreb, kada intenzivno radi na arhitektonskim natjeèajima, ali bez velikog uspjeha4 (1921.-1929.); 3) prihvaæanje funkcionalizma - 'Zemljino' razdoblje, kada izvodi najveæi broj graðevina (1929.-1935.); 4) slabljenje koda (1935.-1941.) i 5) poslije- ratno razdoblje (1945.-1964.).5 Zgrada OUZOR-a u Skopju, projektirana 1930.- -1931. godine, pripada ‘Zemljinu’ razdoblju, kada se Ibler opredjeljuje i prihvaæa funkciona- lizam i modernistièku estetiku. Ono što pret- hodi ovome razdoblju i projektu OUZOR-a, a što je od iznimnog znaèenja za rad i stilsko opredjeljenje u buduænosti - jest njegov an- gažman na ureðenju kazališnog odjela za Pa- Z grada Okružnoga ureda za osiguranje viljon Kraljevstva Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca radnika u Skopju [OUZOR] - današnja Spe- [SHS] na Svjetskoj izložbi [EXPO '25] u Pa- cijalna bolnica kirurških bolesti Sv. Naum rizu, za koji je dobio zapažene pozitivne kriti- Ohridski [SBKB] nalazi se u užem središtu ke u zemlji i nakon èega se, konaèno, etabli- grada Skopja, na uglu Bulevara 11 Oktomvri i rao na arhitektonskoj sceni. Godinu dana na- Ulice Filip Vtori Makedonski, u neposrednoj kon pariške izložbe 1926. godine Ibleru je blizini Skupštine Republike Makedonije, ne- dodijeljeno mjesto profesora na novonasta- kadašnja Banska uprava. Izgradnja zgrade poèela je 4. svibnja 1932., dovršena je krajem 1 Iako se u veæini izvora navodi da je zgrada OUZOR-a svibnja 1934., a predana na uporabu 1. lipnja izgraðena 1930.-1932. godine [Premerl, 1990: 82; Èorak, 1934. godine.1 Autori su projekta hrvatski 1981: 144; Mutnjakoviæ, 1976: 9], saèuvani „Protokol ko- arhitekti Drago Ibler (Zagreb, 1894. - Novo misijskog uviðaja”, datiran 30.7.1934., navodi: „Zgrada je Mesto, 1964.) i Drago Galiæ2 (Zagreb, 1907.- poèela da se zida kao nova iz temelja po izdanoj dozvoli od strane Suda Opæine Grada Skoplja T. Br. 3584 od 5. avgu- 1992.) u svojstvu suradnika. U èlanku se - na sta [kolovoza] 1931. god. Zidanje zgrade je zapoèeto 4. temelju usporedbenih analiza zgrade s dru- maja [svibnja] 1932. godine i definitivno je dovršena kra- gim graðevinama izgraðenim u prostornom, jem maja [svibnja] 1934. godine i predana u upotrebu 1. društvenom i socijalnom kontekstu Skopja u juna [lipnja] 1934. godine.” [AMPOS 6.1.297.9/480-673 /a] 2 D. Galiæ je uèenik na Arhitektonskom odjelu Likovne meðuratnom razdoblju te razmatranja u sklo- akademije s kojim je D. Ibler najduže suraðivao, a i radio pu Iblerova stvaralaštva - izvode zakljuèci o na mnogim arhitektonskim natjeèajima od velike važnosti. važnoj ulozi zgrade u promoviranju ideja mo- Galiæ je realizirao najveæi dio Iblerovih zgrada iz 1930-ih. U derne arhitekture u meðuratnom razdoblju i 1934. izlagao je s grupom „Zemlja”. [Premerl, 1976.b: 54; Premerl, 1990: 70; Šegviæ, 1986: 119; Šegviæ, 1992: 68] njezino znaèenje u ostvarivanju njegova soci- 3 Èorak, 1981: 11 jalno angažiranog djelovanja. 4 Tekst Miroslava Krleže Sluèaj arhitekta Iblera važan je Arhitekt Drago Ibler jedan je od temelja hrvat- izvor informacija o Iblerovim projektima u ovome razdob- ske arhitekture dvadesetoga stoljeæa. Iblerov lju. [Krleža, 1992: 7] se arhitektonski opus ostvaruje tijekom goto- 5 Više o Iblerovim stvaralaèkim fazama: Èorak, 1981. vo pet desetljeæa - od 1913. godine kad se 6 Arhitektonski odjel zapoèinje radom 1926. godine, kada je na poziv Ivana Meštroviæa D. Ibler prihvatio mjesto upisuje na Kraljevsku visokotehnièku školu u profesora. Nastavni program škole i prakticiranje nastave Dresdenu, gdje 1921. godine stjeèe diplomu bili su specifièni; nastava se provodila timski, neposredno inženjera-arhitekta, do 1964. godine kad je i kroz zajednièki rad na arhitektonskim zadacima. Ibler kao stradao u prometnoj nesreæi. Njegovo stva- majstor profesor imao je kljuènu ulogu u odgoju nekoliko generacija arhitekata i prihvaæanju funkcionalistièke arhi- ralaštvo „u prostornom smislu, spaja u sebi tekture. [Èorak, 1981: 70-74; Domljan, 1986: 38; Pre- ideološki stupnjevite sredine: rubnu - kakva merl, 1990: 42; Mutnjakoviæ, 1992: 73; Šerman, 2009: PROSTOR Znanstveni prilozi | Scientific Papers Okružni ured za osiguranje radnika u Skopju… G. MICKOVSKI, V. DJOKIÆ 82-95 23[2015] 1[49] 85 lome Arhitektonskom odjelu6 pri Akademiji likovnih umjetnosti, gdje sa skupinom likov- nih umjetnika 1929. godine osniva grupu Zemlja7, koje je i predsjednik8 sve do njena raspuštanja 1935. godine. Angažmanom na Likovnoj akademiji, kako navodi Šegviæ, „Ibler je preuzeo u nas Gropiusovu ulogu da odgaja sredinu, da vrši pripremu za novu arhitekturu, urbanizam i novi dizajn”.9 U ovome razdoblju Ibler zajedno s Dragom Galiæem projektira veæi broj graðevina, ali i ostvaruje više realizacija, koje se prema na- mjeni mogu svrstati u nekoliko grupa - od stambenih zgrada i vila, javnih, ponajviše socijalnih i zdravstvenih institucija, do indu- strijskih graðevina. Svojom važnošæu istièu se socijalne i zdravstvene zgrade u kojima se ocrtavaju Iblerove osnovne smjernice rada i nastojanja te se konaèno materijalizira nje- govo socijalno angažirano djelovanje. U tom je razdoblju Ibler projektirao i izveo cijeli niz takvih graðevina: OUZOR u Mostaru (1930., æu. Pored potvrðene arhitektonske kvalitete Sl. 2. OUZOR u neposrednoj okolici, 2015. izveden), upravna zgrada Higijenskoga zavo- koja ju èini vrijednom znanstvenog is traži- Fig. 2. SSDO in its immediate surroundings, 2015 da u Zagrebu (1931., izvedena), srednjoškol- vanja, dodatni razlog za temeljito prou èava- sko sklonište u Zagrebu (1931.),
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