HDAC7, Active Recombinant Human Protein Expressed in Sf9 Cells
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HDAC7 Sikens the Heart
The black sheep of class IIa: HDAC7 SIKens the heart Joshua G. Travers, … , Tianjing Hu, Timothy A. McKinsey J Clin Invest. 2020;130(6):2811-2813. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI137074. Commentary Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) repress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through association with the prohypertrophic transcription factor (TF) myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2). The four class IIa HDACs — HDAC4, -5, -7, and -9 — are subject to signal-dependent phosphorylation by members of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) group. In response to stress, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC9 undergo phosphorylation-induced nuclear export in cardiomyocytes, freeing MEF2 to stimulate progrowth genes; it was generally assumed that HDAC7 is also antihypertrophic. However, in this issue of the JCI, Hsu and colleagues demonstrate that, in sharp contrast to the other class IIa HDACs, HDAC7 is constitutively localized to the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, where it promotes cardiac hypertrophy. Phosphorylation of HDAC7 by the CaMK group member salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) stabilized the deacetylase, leading to increased expression of c-Myc, which in turn stimulated a pathological gene program. These unexpected findings highlight the SIK1/HDAC7 signaling axis as a promising target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/137074/pdf The Journal of Clinical Investigation COMMENTARY The black sheep of class IIa: HDAC7 SIKens the heart Joshua G. Travers, Tianjing Hu, and Timothy A. McKinsey Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA. repress gene expression, block cardiac hypertrophy by associating with the myo- Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) repress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy cyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcrip- through association with the prohypertrophic transcription factor (TF) tion factor (TF) (11). -
An Overview of the Role of Hdacs in Cancer Immunotherapy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Immunoepigenetics Combination Therapies: An Overview of the Role of HDACs in Cancer Immunotherapy Debarati Banik, Sara Moufarrij and Alejandro Villagra * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Suite 8880, Washington, DC 20052, USA; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (S.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +(202)-994-9547 Received: 22 March 2019; Accepted: 28 April 2019; Published: 7 May 2019 Abstract: Long-standing efforts to identify the multifaceted roles of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have positioned these agents as promising drug candidates in combatting cancer, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases. The same has also encouraged the evaluation of multiple HDACi candidates in preclinical studies in cancer and other diseases as well as the FDA-approval towards clinical use for specific agents. In this review, we have discussed how the efficacy of immunotherapy can be leveraged by combining it with HDACis. We have also included a brief overview of the classification of HDACis as well as their various roles in physiological and pathophysiological scenarios to target key cellular processes promoting the initiation, establishment, and progression of cancer. Given the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) towards the outcome of anticancer therapies, we have also discussed the effect of HDACis on different components of the TME. We then have gradually progressed into examples of specific pan-HDACis, class I HDACi, and selective HDACis that either have been incorporated into clinical trials or show promising preclinical effects for future consideration. -
Supporting Online Material
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Supplementary Information for 8 9 Fractalkine-induced microglial vasoregulation occurs within the retina and is altered early in diabetic 10 retinopathy 11 12 *Samuel A. Mills, *Andrew I. Jobling, *Michael A. Dixon, Bang V. Bui, Kirstan A. Vessey, Joanna A. Phipps, 13 Ursula Greferath, Gene Venables, Vickie H.Y. Wong, Connie H.Y. Wong, Zheng He, Flora Hui, James C. 14 Young, Josh Tonc, Elena Ivanova, Botir T. Sagdullaev, Erica L. Fletcher 15 * Joint first authors 16 17 Corresponding author: 18 Prof. Erica L. Fletcher. Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience. The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, 19 Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia. 20 Email: [email protected] ; Tel: +61-3-8344-3218; Fax: +61-3-9347-5219 21 22 This PDF file includes: 23 24 Supplementary text 25 Figures S1 to S10 26 Tables S1 to S7 27 Legends for Movies S1 to S2 28 SI References 29 30 Other supplementary materials for this manuscript include the following: 31 32 Movies S1 to S2 33 34 35 36 1 1 Supplementary Information Text 2 Materials and Methods 3 Microglial process movement on retinal vessels 4 Dark agouti rats were anaesthetized, injected intraperitoneally with rhodamine B (Sigma-Aldrich) to label blood 5 vessels and retinal explants established as described in the main text. Retinal microglia were labelled with Iba-1 6 and imaging performed on an inverted confocal microscope (Leica SP5). Baseline images were taken for 10 7 minutes, followed by the addition of PBS (10 minutes) and then either fractalkine or fractalkine + candesartan 8 (10 minutes) using concentrations outlined in the main text. -
Determining HDAC8 Substrate Specificity by Noah Ariel Wolfson A
Determining HDAC8 substrate specificity by Noah Ariel Wolfson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biological Chemistry) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Carol A. Fierke, Chair Professor Robert S. Fuller Professor Anna K. Mapp Associate Professor Patrick J. O’Brien Associate Professor Raymond C. Trievel Dedication My thesis is dedicated to all my family, mentors, and friends who made getting to this point possible. ii Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. x List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 HDAC8 substrates: Histones and beyond ...................................................................... 1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 HDAC introduction -
Molecular Interactions Underpinning the Phenotype of Hibernation in Mammals Matthew T
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2019) 222, jeb160606. doi:10.1242/jeb.160606 REVIEW Molecular interactions underpinning the phenotype of hibernation in mammals Matthew T. Andrews* ABSTRACT most mammals. This Review covers recent advances in the Mammals maintain a constant warm body temperature, facilitating a molecular biology of hibernation, with a focus on molecular wide variety of metabolic reactions. Mammals that hibernate have the interactions underpinning the hibernation phenotype. Specific – ability to slow their metabolism, which in turn reduces their body topics include the torpor arousal cycle, the role of small temperature and leads to a state of hypothermic torpor. For this molecules, changes in gene expression, cold-inducible RNA- metabolic rate reduction to occur on a whole-body scale, molecular binding proteins, the somatosensory system and emerging interactions that change the physiology of cells, tissues and organs information on hibernating primates. This new information not are required, resulting in a major departure from normal mammalian only is beginning to explain how natural hibernators survive homeostasis. The aim of this Review is to cover recent advances in the physiological extremes that would be lethal to most mammals, but molecular biology of mammalian hibernation, including the role of also identifies molecular mechanisms that may prove useful to small molecules, seasonal changes in gene expression, cold- human medicine. inducible RNA-binding proteins, -
Biotin Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurotoxicity in a Tauopathy Model
Biotin rescues mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in a tauopathy model Kelly M. Lohra,b, Bess Frostc, Clemens Scherzerd, and Mel B. Feanya,1 aDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; bDepartment of Biology, Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, PA 15301; cDepartment of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229; and dNeurogenomics Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Edited by Solomon H. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved September 17, 2020 (received for review December 21, 2019) Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction are often implicated in We combined Drosophila genetics with a variety of molecular neurological disease, but effective mechanism-based therapies re- and cellular approaches to explore the role of mitochondrial and main elusive. We performed a genome-scale forward genetic metabolic pathways in tauopathy and neuronal survival. We screen in a Drosophila model of tauopathy, a class of neurodegen- identified dysfunction within the biotin pathway in tauopathy and erative disorders characterized by the accumulation of the protein showed that biotin supplementation both rescues mitochondrial tau, and identified manipulation of the B-vitamin biotin as a po- deficits and improves neuronal health in vivo. Furthermore, we tential therapeutic approach in tauopathy. We show that tau demonstrate parallel mechanisms in human Alzheimer’s disease transgenic flies have an innate biotin deficiency due to tau-medi- brain. Together, these findings emphasize the importance of ated relaxation of chromatin and consequent aberrant expression biotin handling in mitochondrial and metabolic processes in of multiple biotin-related genes, disrupting both carboxylase and neurons, suggesting a key role for biotin in both the healthy and mitochondrial function. -
Design and Synthesis of Novel Classes of Hdacs and Kmts Inhibitors
University of East Anglia School of Pharmacy Design and synthesis of novel classes of HDACs and KMTs inhibitors by Remy Thomas Narozny Supervisor: Prof. A. Ganesan Second Supervisor: Prof. Mark Searcey Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2018 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived therefrom must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. “Your genetics is not your destiny.” George McDonald Church Abstract For long, scientists thought that our body was driven only by our genetic code that we inherited at birth. However, this determinism was shattered entirely and proven as false in the second half of the 21st century with the discovery of epigenetics. Instead, cells turn genes on and off using reversible chemical marks. With the tremendous progression of epigenetic science, it is now believed that we have a certain power over the expression of our genetic traits. Over the years, these epigenetic modifications were found to be at the core of how diseases alter healthy cells, and environmental factors and lifestyle were identified as top influencers. Epigenetic dysregulation has been observed in every major domain of medicine, with a reported implication in cancer development, neurodegenerative pathologies, diabetes, infectious disease and even obesity. Substantially, an epigenetic component is expected to be involved in every human disease. Hence, the modulation of these epigenetics mechanisms has emerged as a therapeutic strategy. -
Anti-Histone Deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) Antibody, Mouse Monoclonal
Anti-Histone Deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) antibody Mouse monoclonal, clone HDAC7-97 purified from hybridoma cell culture Product Number H6663 Product Description Although HDAC7 is localized mainly to the cell nucleus, Monoclonal Anti-Histone Deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) it is also found in the cytoplasm.6 Shuttling of HDAC7 (mouse IgG1 isotype) is derived from the hybridoma between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm is HDAC7-97 produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma controlled by a mechanism involving calmodulin- cells (NS1 cells) and splenocytes from BALB/c mice dependent kinase I (CaMKI) and 14-3-3 proteins.8 The immunized with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a HDAC7 enzymatic activity depends on its interaction fragment of mouse HDAC7, conjugated to KLH. The with the class I HDAC3, and the corepressors SMRT isotype is determined by a double diffusion and N-CoR.6 HDAC7 also interacts with the immunoassay using Mouse Monoclonal Antibody transcriptional repressor BCL-6.9 Isotyping Reagents, Product Number ISO2. Reagent Monoclonal Anti-Histone Deacetylase 7 recognizes Supplied as a solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered human and mouse HDAC7 (105 kDa). The antibody saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide. may be used in ELISA, immunoblotting, immuno- precipitation, and immunocytochemistry. Antibody Concentration: 2 mg/mL Regulation of gene expression is mediated by several Precautions and Disclaimer mechanisms; among them are DNA methylation, For R&D use only. Not for drug, household, or other ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and post- uses. Please consult the Safety Data Sheet for translational modifications of histones. These information regarding hazards and safe handling modifications include the dynamic acetylation and practices. -
Epigenetic Regulation in B-Cell Maturation and Its Dysregulation in Autoimmunity
OPEN Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018) 15, 676–684 www.nature.com/cmi REVIEW Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity Haijing Wu1, Yaxiong Deng1, Yu Feng1, Di Long1, Kongyang Ma2, Xiaohui Wang2, Ming Zhao1, Liwei Lu2 and Qianjin Lu1 B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Cellular and Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 29 January 2018; doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.133 Keywords: -
Structure and Function of Metallohydrolases in the Arginase- Deacetylase Family
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Structure and Function of Metallohydrolases in the Arginase- Deacetylase Family Yang Hai University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Hai, Yang, "Structure and Function of Metallohydrolases in the Arginase-Deacetylase Family" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1753. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1753 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1753 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Structure and Function of Metallohydrolases in the Arginase-Deacetylase Family Abstract Arginases and deacetylases are metallohydrolases that catalyze two distinct chemical transformations. The arginases catalyze the hydrolysis of the guanidinium group of arginine by using a hydroxide ion 2+ 2+ bridging the binuclear manganese cluster (Mn A-Mn B) for nucleophilic attack. The deacetylases catalyze the hydrolysis of amide bonds by using a mononuclear Zn2+-ion activated water molecule as the nucleophile. Despite the diverse functions, metallohydrolases of the arginase-deacetylase superfamily 2+ share the same characteristic α/β hydrolase core fold and a conserved metal binding site (the Mn B site in arginase corresponds to the catalytic Zn2+ site in deacetylase) which is essential for catalysis in both enzymes. We report crystal structure of formiminoglutamase from the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and confirm that formiminoglutamase is a Mn2+-requiring hydrolase that belongs to the arginase- deacetylase superfamily. We also report the crystal structure of an arginase-like protein from Trypanosoma brucei (TbARG) with unknown function. Although its biological role remains enigmatic, the 2+ evolutionarily more conserved Mn B site can be readily restored in TbARG through side-directed mutagenesis. -
Functional Dependency Analysis Identifies Potential Druggable
cancers Article Functional Dependency Analysis Identifies Potential Druggable Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 1, 1, 2 3 Yujia Zhou y , Gregory P. Takacs y , Jatinder K. Lamba , Christopher Vulpe and Christopher R. Cogle 1,* 1 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0278, USA; yzhou1996@ufl.edu (Y.Z.); gtakacs@ufl.edu (G.P.T.) 2 Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0278, USA; [email protected]fl.edu 3 Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0278, USA; cvulpe@ufl.edu * Correspondence: [email protected]fl.edu; Tel.: +1-(352)-273-7493; Fax: +1-(352)-273-5006 Authors contributed equally. y Received: 3 November 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Simple Summary: New drugs are needed for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed data from genome-edited leukemia cells to identify druggable targets. These targets were necessary for AML cell survival and had favorable binding sites for drug development. Two lists of genes are provided for target validation, drug discovery, and drug development. The deKO list contains gene-targets with existing compounds in development. The disKO list contains gene-targets without existing compounds yet and represent novel targets for drug discovery. Abstract: Refractory disease is a major challenge in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Whereas the armamentarium has expanded in the past few years for treating AML, long-term survival outcomes have yet to be proven. To further expand the arsenal for treating AML, we searched for druggable gene targets in AML by analyzing screening data from a lentiviral-based genome-wide pooled CRISPR-Cas9 library and gene knockout (KO) dependency scores in 15 AML cell lines (HEL, MV411, OCIAML2, THP1, NOMO1, EOL1, KASUMI1, NB4, OCIAML3, MOLM13, TF1, U937, F36P, AML193, P31FUJ). -
Cellular Metabolism
CST SIGNALING PATHWAY DIAGRAMS FOR Cellular Metabolism Insulin Receptor Signaling © 2003–2015 Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Insulin Receptor SNARE TNF Glucose Complex GLUT4 p85 FlotillinCav PTEN PI3K Gab1 p110 SOCS3 Synip CAP TNFR1 Cbl PIP3 IRS Shc APS SHIP Akt2 SHP-2 PTP1B GLUT4 Crkll EHD1 GRB2 Nck Translocation TC10 C3G EHBP1 IRS-1 Crkll λ/ζ CIP4/2 PKC Fyn SOS PDK1 Rac1 mTORC2 PKCθ GRB10 Jnk GLUT4 PKCλ/ζ IKK vesicle Ras PP2A FFA 14-3-3 LKB1 NO iNOS GLUT4 AS160 Exocytosis Akt ROS c-Raf TBC1D1 AMPK PDK1 14-3-3 TSC2 PDE3B TSC1 Bad SIK2 GSK-3 PRAS40 Rheb [cAMP] MEK1/2 SGK Apoptosis SREBP CBP/p300 mTORC1 PKA Torc2 p70 Erk1/2 PP1 GS Lipin1 4E-BP1 S6K ATP-citrate Degradation ENaC lyase eIF4E HSL Glycogen Synthesis Protein Synthesis, Fatty Acid Growth, and SREBP-1 Sodium Synthesis Proliferation Lipolysis Transport Cytoplasm Erk1/2 SGK Akt2 Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Disruption of Nucleus Synthesis CBP/Torc2/CREB Complex FoxO3 FoxO4 FoxO1 Erk1/2 SREBP LXRα USF Gluconeogenesis Transcription Apoptosis, mTORC1 mTORC2 Autophagy, Lipin1 Glucose and Raptor Sin1 PRR5 GβL Lipid Metabolism Growth mTOR Rictor GβL DEPTOR mTOR DEPTOR Warburg Effect © 2010–2015 Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Macropinocytosis and other scavenging pathways Glycolysis Growth Factors Glucose Glucose Transporters Ras Hexokinase PI3K Amino Acids NADPH NADP Ras Pentose and Lipids c-Myc Phosphate 6-P- Glucose-6-P Akt Shunt Gluconolactone 6-P- MEK1/2 NADP Ras Amino Acids Gluconate TIGAR Fructose-6-P NADPH p53 LKB1 SREBP PFK Erk1/2 Ribulose-5P AMPK Fructose mTOR Bisphosphate Nucleotide