American Samoa Observer Program Field Manual American Samoa Pacific Islands Field Office Regional Office Pago Plaza, Suite 202 1845 Wasp Blvd., PO Box 7294 Bldg 176 Pago Pago, AS 96799 Honolulu, HI 96818 (684) 633-5325 (808) 725-5000 Manual Version: AS 17.10.00.02 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Longline Observer Authority and Goal 4 Guidelines and responsibilities 4 Chapter 2 Summary of Duties Employment Purpose, General Duties, The Observers Role 7 Placement Meeting / During A Vessel Assignment 8 Interference and Harassment / Injuries 13 After A Vessel Assignment 15 Travel Responsibilities 16 Chapter 3 Data Collection Instructions General Instructions 17 Data Collection Priorities 18 International Date Line 19 Chapter 4 Trip Specifications Form Introduction / Data Elements 20 Chapter 5 WCPFC Mandatory Data Elements Form Introduction / Data Elements 22 Chapter 6 Longline Set and Haul Form Introduction / General Instructions / Data Elements 27 Weather Code Table / Beaufort Chart 32 Chapter 7 Gear Configuration Form Introduction & General Instructions / Data Elements 33 Longline Gear Diagram 40 Branchline Diagram 41 Chapter 8 Protected Species Event Log Intro / Special Notice for Recording Seabird Sighting Data 42 General Instructions 43 Data Elements 44 1 Chapter 9 Catch Event Log & Data Quality Control Sheet General Instructions 48 Data Elements 49 Fish Measurement Instructions and Gender ID Diagrams: BILLFISH: (Marlins, Swordfish, Shark, Spearfish) 55 Shark Diagram 58 Shark Sexing Diagrams 59 TUNAS and All other Fish 60 Opah Sexing Diagram 63 Dolphinfish Sexing Diagrams 64 Data Quality Control Sheet 65 Chapter 10 Sea Turtle Biological Data Form Introduction 66 Sea Turtle Handling and Dehooking 67 Resuscitation 74 Instructions for Applying Metal Flipper Tags 76 Protocol for Collecting Sea Turtle Skin Biopsies 80 Sea Turtle Biological Data Form 82 Chapter 11 Marine Mammal Biological Data Form General Instructions 90 Cetacean Skin Biopsy Protocol 91 Guidelines for Disentangling Cetaceans 93 Data Elements 94 Instructions for Reporting Interactions 99 Chapter 12 Seabird Biological Data Form General Instructions / Data Elements 100 Chapter 13 Specimen Log Specimen Log Information and Data Elements 103 Specimen Numbering System 104 Chapter 14 Tag Event Form Tag Event Form information and Data Elements 106 Chapter 15 Photographs and Photo Log Taking Photographs 108 Data Elements 111 Chapter 16 Sketch Form General Desc / Data Elements / ID Form (Misc. Fish) 113 2 Chapter 17 Satellite Phones and Radio Reporting Instructions Introduction / Radio Report Instructions 114 Emergency Radio Distress Procedure 114 MAYDAY & Standard Phonetic Alphabet 115 Satellite Phone Protocols 116 Important Numbers 117 Chapter 18 Safety Program Safety Policies 118 Placement Checklist 119 Diagram of Proper Life Raft setup 128 Diagram of Proper Hydrostatic Release Setup 129 Quick Ref. Safety Equipment and Survival Procedures 1 130 Quick Ref. Safety Equipment and Survival Procedures 2 131 Quick Ref. Navigation Rules 132 Chapter 19 Equipment List and Maintenance Tips Essential Gear List 134 AS Gear Checkout Example 136 Chapter 20 Species Codes Bony Fishes 137 Sharks & Rays 139 Sea Turtles & Seabirds 141 Cetaceans 143 Chapter 21 Appendices Temperature & Length Conversion Formulas 144 Fahrenheit –Celsius Conversion Chart 145 Relevant Statutes Regarding Data Collection by NMFS 146 List of Acronyms 146 Observer Health and Safety Regs, CFR 600.746 148 Conditions for At Sea Observer Coverage CFR 665.808 149 Spiny Rayed Fish Diagram 154 3 Chapter 1 Introduction Longline Observer Authority and Goal The US longline fishery based in American Samoa (AS) operates in the Southern Pacific Ocean, and is managed by National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. NMFS has determined that the AS longline fishery is likely to adversely affect Leatherback, Olive Ridley, Hawksbill, and Green sea turtles; in addition to other species of concern, such as False Killer Whales- Pseudorca crassidens, Short-finned Pilot whales- Globicephala macrorhynchus, and Rough-toothed Dolphins- Steno bredanensis. Research indicates the need for more information to assess the impact of the fishery on these species. Vessels registered with AS Longline Limited Access permits are required to carry observers when directed by the NMFS, documenting the interaction/incidental capture of sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals. Other data on the fishery are collected to support research undertaken by fisheries scientists at the Pacific Islands Fishery Science Center (PIFSC). The research is directed at several different issues such as; understanding the basic biology of species encountered, identifying factors that influence the bycatch rates of selected species, and the economic factors that affect fishing behavior. The first observed trip in American Samoa departed in April of 2006. More detailed information is available at: www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st4/nop/regions/american_samoa_tuna.html Guidelines and Responsibilities With SAFETY and INTEGRITY as the watchwords of your job, it is of primary importance that you conscientiously follow the guidelines outlined below: It is your responsibility to observe and accurately record biological research data as instructed. Everything you record is available to the vessel operator or his designate and is subject to legal interpretation. Almost everything you record may be made available as public information. You are not to record extemporaneous comments or personal opinions. It is not your job to evaluate or interpret data, simply record your observations on the data forms that you are issued. It is your responsibility to maintain open communication with the vessel operator and other vessel personnel to facilitate a clear understanding as to what data are being collected. It is your responsibility to advise the vessel operator of all data items recorded. If he or she is in disagreement with you regarding species identification, allow the operator to record their views on the back of the data forms in the comments section. 4 You are hired to be an observer, not an enforcement agent. You are not empowered to write citations, make arrests, or carry out enforcement activities. Your responsibilities require you to make observations and collect data, some of which pertain to federal regulations. Your data could be used as evidence to assess penalties and there will be instances where you will be required to write incident reports. Observers do not interpret regulations; however, observers are asked to assist fishermen by providing copies of the current regulations to them upon request, and to direct them to NOAA’s Office of Law Enforcement (OLE) for assistance in interpretation. Government attorneys perform legal interpretation. Your responsibility of observing and recording data is to be performed in such a manner as to minimize interference with fishing operations. Likewise, the vessel operator and any other vessel personnel are not to interfere with your duties. Observers should not keep personal diaries during a cruise assignment. This does not include material issued to you for documentation purposes. Data forms are to be used for collecting data, not as a sketch pad or notebook. Notebooks are not to be used for collecting data. Because observer objectives are mandated by federal regulations, personal research is prohibited aboard vessel assignments, and retaining specimens (especially “edible” specimens) of any kind for any personal reason is prohibited. Intentionally entering the water from an assigned vessel is prohibited; such activity will compromise personal safety and data collection duties. Sea-assignment readiness is determined by personal fitness, training preparation, and NMFS staff assessments. Port Coordinators select sea assignments through a predetermined sampling plan and confirm that the boats meet minimum U.S. Coast Guard safety requirements. Observers do not choose vessel assignments; however, observers have the right to refuse deployment on a vessel they perceive as unsafe. Any refusal to board a vessel after an inspection must be documented and discussed with management to determine the appropriate course of action. Fishing activity dictates vessel departures and arrivals. Since vessel notification requirements may limit response time, observers should be prepared for sudden sea assignments of extended and uncertain duration. 5 An observer’s vessel assignment (trip) continues until the vessel returns to port to unload its catch. Occasionally, the port of arrival will be different from the port of departure. It is an observer’s responsibility to maintain a current passport and keep it in their possession. Typically, a trip is considered completed when the vessel arrives in port to off-load its catch. Contact the ASOP port coordinator as soon as possible so arrangements can be made for your return trip. Extended port stops are common in American Samoa. An observed trip will be terminated after three consecutive days on port stop. Debriefing will begin, though the observer may stay assigned to the vessel at the conclusion of the port stop and assigned a new trip number. Never leave your assigned vessel prematurely without approval from the AS Observer Program; to do so is grounds for dismissal. Safeguard the return of your data to the port field station. Your work is a valuable investment; treat it like your wallet. Data loss may be grounds for dismissal. Alcohol