SAS Conference papers Pagina 1
NIAf - Available papers and transcripts from the Society for Animation Studies (SAS) annual conferences
1st SAS conference 1989, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, European Influences on Disney: The Formative Disney 20 N.A. See: Allan, 1991. Published as part of A Reader in Animation United Kingdom) Years Before Snow White Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: "European Influences on Early Disney Feature Films". Kaufman, J.B. (Wichita) Norm Ferguson and the Latin American Films of Disney 8 N.A. In the years 1941-43, Walt Disney and his animation team made three Published as part of A Reader in Animation Walt Disney trips through South America, to get inspiration for their next films. Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. Norm Ferguson, the unit producer for the films, made hundreds of photo's and several people made home video's, thanks to which Kaufman can reconstruct the journey and its complications. The feature films that were made as a result of the trip are Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballero's (1944). Moritz, William (California Walter Ruttmann, Viking Eggeling: Restoring the Aspects of 7 N.A. Hans Richter always claimed he was the first to make absolute Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of the Arts) Esthetics of Early Experimental Animation independent and animations, but he neglected Walther Ruttmann's Opus no. 1 (1921). Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled institutional filmmaking Viking Eggeling had made some attempts as well, that culminated in "Restoring the Aesthetics of Early Abstract the crude Diagonal Symphony in 1923 . Both films have their strong Films". points as experimental animation however, and neither should be dismissed as 'primitive'.
2nd SAS conference 1990, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Frierson, Michael Analysis of Modeling Fleischer Studio's Inc. 11 N.A. In the 1921 Out of the Inkwell film Modeling used clay animation, a Published in Animation Journal, vol. 2, issue 1, (University of North medium that is hardly used in the rest of the twenties. Although the Fall 1993, titled "Clay Animation Comes Out of Carolina, Greensboro) format does not change substantially by this feature, Ko-Ko, the films' the Inkwell: the Fleischer Brothers and Clay main character, becomes somewhat of an amphibian, merging the Animation". Also published as part of A animated space with the 'real' space. Reader in Animation Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling.
3rd SAS conference 1991, Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, Fantasia Revisited N.A. 20 N.A. European folklore and fairytales had much inlfuence on th early Disney Published as part of A Reader in Animation Stockport, United films. Since most of Disney's early staff consisted of sons of émigré's, Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: Kingdom) we can find various elements pointing to mostly German graphic art, "European Influences on Early Disney Feature storytelling and other sources. Most prominent of these is Wilhelm Films", aslo containing "European Influences Busch, creator of Max und Moritz . Allan looks for more sources in a on Disney: The Formative Years Before Snow fragment of Disney's Fantasia , "Beethoven's Sixth Symphony - The White" (SAS 1989). Pastoral Symphony". Couzin, Sharon (School of The Woman's Voice in Contemporary American N.A. 11 N.A. What is important is to recognize in animation is the significance of Published as part of A Reader in Animation the Art Institute of Animation women who take risks in form and content. Susan Pitt and Joanna Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled Chicago) Priestly are artists that show very personal interests in their films. "An Analysis of Susan Pitt's Asparagus and Examined here are Asparagus and All My Relations . Joanna Priestly's All My Relations ". Manovich, Lev (University Effects of the Real in Computer Animation N.A. 11 N.A. Manovich is investigates computer graphics and digital animation as a Published as part of A Reader in Animation of Rochester) new way of constructing animated worlds. His main concern is in the Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled way we represent our world in in which ways we can create it in our "'Reality' Effects in Computer Animation". own way, both technologically and creatively.
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4th SAS conference 1992, California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Denslow, Philip Kelly What is Animation and Who Needs to Know? Animation Theory 4 2 Denslow's essay can well be interpreted as the basis for questions Published as part of A Reader in Animation (Atlanta, Georgia) about technology in animation today. He carefully dissects some of the Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. most stringent questions about what to define as animation and how to look at new media in terms of animated aspects. Langer, Mark (Carleton Ren & Stimpy , Animatophilia and the Trash Applied Methodology 20 N.A. Langer tracks popular animation in its way to cultural acceptance. Published as part of A Reader in Animation University, Ottawa) Aesthetic From animatophilics' admiration, it has been transferred into the Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled mainstream. John Kricfalusi's Ren & Stimpy was essentially a show by "Animatophilia, Cultural Production and and for animatophilics, but programmed on a children's channel, Corporate Interests: The Case of Ren & Nickelodeon. Consequently, it was probably inevitable that Kricfalusi Stimpy". got fired from his controversial cartoon show.
5th SAS conference 1993, Surrey Institute of Art and Design Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Darley, Andy (Surrey Computer Animation: Second Order Realism & Technology and 9 N.A. An analysis of Disney and Pixar's Red's Dream is used to point us to Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of Art & Design) Post-Modern Aesthetics Computers the significance of computer animation and its relationship with reality. Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: Darley calls this kind of reality 'second-order', because it tries to "Second-order Realism and Post-Modern imitate old ways of seeing, porduced with new means. Aesthetics in Computer Animation". Knapp, Trischa Goodnow The New Spirit of Income Taxes: Donald Duck, Culture and Identity 27 2 Knapp uses both a narrative and a rethorical analysis to look at the (USA) Persuasion and World War II function of Donald Duck in The New Spirit , a government funded propaganda movie. Donald Duck takes the position of the spectator, as he shows the 1940's audience that paying taxes and paying them promptly is both easy and a privilege. Moritz, William (California The Idea: Bartosch & Masereel Culture and Identity 11 N.A. Bartosch created the 25-minute film The Idea (1932) as a derivative Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of the Arts) work of his cooperation with Masereel. Masereel had created many Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: novels consisting of woodcut images, inspiring Bartosch to make a "Bartosch's The Idea ". film about enlightenment, truth and oppression. O'Pray, Mike (University Eisenstein, Stokes and Disney: Animation and Aesthetics 8 N.A. Both film artist Eisenstein and ballet artist Stokes have admired Published as part of A Reader in Animation East London) the Omnipotence of Thought Disney's Silly Symphonies and adjusted their cultural theories as a Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: result. The thing they both marvelled at was the "omnipotence" of the "Eisenstein and Stokes on Disney: Film cartoons. This simultaneously means the power to move in a Animation and Omnipotence". controlled way and the expert use of the animated body to the soundtrack. Pummell, Simon (United Francis Bacon and Walt Disney Revisited The Body 14 N.A. John Berger wrote Francis Bacon and Walt Disney in 1972 and in Published as part of A Reader in Animation Kingdom) making this comparison, somewhat dismissed Bacon's movement- Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. oriented paintings. There are more important similarities between the work of both, however. Where Disney starts with exaggerated movement which is later covered up and reduced, Bacon tries to find violent movement in still images. Sharman, Leslie (United The Thief of Buena Vista: Disney's Aladdin and Orientalism 6 N.A. Disney's Aladdin was promoted as deeply influenced by eastern or Published as part of A Reader in Animation Kingdom) the Orientalism Debate arabic cultures. In fact, it fails to do so most of the time, because it Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: mainly represents the superiority of the West - read America - in the "The Thief of Buena Vista: Disney's Aladdin ability to view the East. Aladdin therefore is a mixture of western and Orientalism". representations of the East, stereotypes and little Eastern influences: it confirms existing discourses.
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Wells, Paul (De Montfort Body Conciousness in the Films of Jan The Body 18 N.A. The films of Jan Svankmajer, the famous surrealist puppet animator, Published as part of A Reader in Animation Uiversity) Svankmajer are mainly concerned with aspects of the body. This essay examines Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling. three main areas of Svankmajer's work: the body in transition, the body as a mechanism and the body under threat. The human body, to Svankmajer, is a source of frustration, change, uncertainty and destruction.
6th SAS conference 1994, San Francisco State University Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Langer, Mark (Carleton Why the Atom is Our Friend: Disney and State International Abstracts 17 2 The film Our Friend the Atom is a strange case of American University, Ottawa) Interests enthousiasm for nuclear energy. Disney produced this film in coordinance with Disneyland's theme of Tomorrowland, a celibration of the technology of the future. Langer looks into the motifs behind the film. Law, Sandra (University of Putting Themselves in the Picture - Female International Abstracts 23 N.A. Joanna Quinn, Candy Guard and Alison Vere each show a different Published as part of A Reader in Animation Calgary) Images in the Work of Selected Women part of how femininity can be represented in animated film. Their Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: Animators in the UK views are very personal and varied. Only in the last few decades, "Putting Themselves in the Pictures: Images of women were able to represent in film what it is to be feminine. They Women in the Work of Joanna Quinn, Candy deal more with personality and less with stereotypes. Guard and Alison de Vere", extensively revised. McLaughlin, Dan Animating Interactive Multimedia or A Short American Abstracts 18 2 McLaughlin explores the state of 'interactive media' as it is in 1994. (University of California, History of Interactive Media and its Implications The promise of CD-rom has yet to be fulfilled, but he thinks it will make Los Angeles) for Animation a change in the animation industry. Audiences will shift from passive to active and film makers should take the initiative by keeping ahead of them. Mikulak, William (Bill) Bugs and Oskar: A History of Early Practices of American Abstracts 24 2 When the Museum of Modern Art Film Library included commercial (University of Pensylvania) Animation Exhibition at the Museum of Modern films in its collection, it encountered much resistance. Most of this was Art, NY countered by also appropriating experimental films and presenting artwork from the animated films. This way, the art was placed in a familiar context. Moritz, William (California Narrative Strategies in Borowczyk, Lenica's American Abstracts 10 N.A. Animators in Eastern European countries with a totalitarian or Published as part of A Reader in Animation Institute of the Arts) Home, Priit Pärn's Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe and communistic system often have developed ingenious ways of making Studies (1997), edited by Jayne Pilling, titled: Yori Norstein's Tale of Tales critical films that pass censorship. The films mentioned in the title of "Narrative Strategies for Resistance and this essay all contain various images that can contain a multitude of Protest in Eastern European Animation". meanings and have therefor been successful. Palmer, Roger (LaTrobe The Lion King & Matters of Difference in Time American Abstracts 9 2 Palmer attended the Australian first screening of Disney's The Lion University, Australia) and Place King . Responses were generally very positive. But keeping in mind that America and Austarlia are very different areas and that the film was made for an American audience, box office results will have to show if it will have its supposed success. Palmer also links the narrative to recent events in America.
7th SAS conference 1995, University of North Carolina, Greensboro Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Bosworth, Leah M. (RIT, An Analysis of Four Direct-On-Film Animators Technology and 3 2 Animation does not require a camera; many film makers work directly Excerpt from "Film Alchemy: An Analysis of USA) Animation on the film itself. Bosworth interviews direct-on-film animators Cécile Four Direct-On-Film Animators", an earlier Fontaine (France), Jürgen Reble (Germany), José Antonio Sistiaga research paper. (Spain) and Ties Poeth (Netherlands).
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Darley, Andrew (Surrey History and Recent British Non-fiction Animation International 14 2 Animation can also be used to make what we call "documentaries". Institute of Art & Design, Movements Some of these 'creative treatments of actuality', as Grierson called United Kingdom) them, are examined shortly. They raise intriguing questions about reality and how we represent it creatively. Griffin, Sean (University of "I'll Give You Such a Pinch": 'Queerying' Disney 12 2 Queerness in American cartoons has been present for decades, but Southern California, USA) Animation only now paranoia seems to have sprung up. However, most people do not acknowledge the fact that older cartoons have queer characters as well. This is illustrated with examples of Fleisher and Warner cartoons, where characters are depicted with ambivalent sexual identities. Herron, Alastair Practical Animation Yield in a Time of Restraint: International 10 2 The animation industry in Ireland has been more than prosperous for Some frequent typing errors may be confusing. (University of Ulster, An Irish Experience; an Overview Movements many of years. Entrepeneur animator, among which a few ex-Disney Ireland) employees have set up studio's. Although some of them did not last, it shows how animation is undoubtedly part of England's film history.
Langer, Mark (Carleton Fleischer Rarities Technology and 1 2 A list of rare Fleischer films from 1919 to 1931, as shown at the Film programme with details. University, Canada) Animation conference. Muwzea, Adwoa X. Discourse on Disney and the Legend of Disney 12 2 Relying on Toni Morrisson, Muwzea explains that Disney's The Lion Also contains a 2 page fax correspondence (Wayne State) Sundiata, the Lion King of Mali King was not an original story. It was an adaptation of an old story, with Michael Frierson with a paper abstract. Sundiata . There are numerous similarities between the stories. Apart from that, there are some obvious flaws in the use of Africa as the film's backdrop. O'Brien, Pamela C. Everybody's Busy Bringing You a Disney Disney 34 2 Disney has been busy since 1984 to wrap children in a consumer (Indiana University, USA) Afternoon: The Creation of a Consumption environment. The Disney Afternoon is the most important part of this Community industry. It tries to keep up a romantic family ideal of happiness, but the marks of commerce are very visible. Palmer, Roger (La Trobe A Programme of Recent Animation from International 7 2 Palmer looks for early animation in Australia and tries to connect it Also contains 2 film programmes. University, Australia) Australia Movements with recent productions. Austalia has not been productive in animation for a long time, but it seems that since the 1970's, animation has become a full-time industry as well as an artistically promising medium. Raffaelli, Luca (Italy) Conflicts Between Generations in the Animated Animation and Culture 12 2 Disneyan cartoons have been saturated with the vision of an elder, Also published in adapted form as part of A Series always present to guide the young, unknowing characters. In Reader in Animation Studies (1997), edited by Japanese animation however, we see that there is mainly a revolt Jayne Pilling, titled: "Disney, Warner Bros. And against authority. The conflict between generations is presented as Japanese Animation: Three World Views". inherent to childhood. Saks, Ron (Columbus The Making of Ted D. Bear : The Pitfalls of the Animation and 19 2 When Saks agreed to work on a short animated film with his students, College) Client/ Student Classroom Relationship Sponsorship he did not yet understand the risks he was taking. He therefor carefully explains the problems that occurred. Although the project was finally a succes, he learned that 'real life' projects should be handled in a 'real life' environment and not by students. Springfield, Susan (SMU) Animation and German Expressionist Film: The Authorship 6 2 This is basically the introduction to a viewing of films by Lotte Silhouette Animation of Lotte Reiniger Reiniger. It states, however, very much about the technique and content of Reiniger's work, which are both strongly reminiscent of the Expressionism of the 1920's. Reiniger was the first female and one of the most succesful German animators of her time.
8th SAS conference 1996, University of Wisconsin, Madison Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes
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N.A. Closely Observed Trains: Len Lye Newspaper N.A. 9 2 Len Lye's Newspaper Train (1941) was a government funded Only the article is present: no name, no date, Train and the Audience animated film, made to make people appreciate newspapers as well no location and no listing anywhere. Does as the rail system. There were many questionnaires held at the however contain detailed notes. screenings, showing that the film had success. Becker, Christine The Seven-Minute and the Two Hour Cartoon: Animation and 'Live' 15 2 Tashlin's cartoons and live-action films have great similarities, that (University of Wisconsin, Frank Tashlin's Cartoons and Live-Action Films Cinema explore the conventions of framing and editing as well as content. A lot Madison) of effects, like dolly shots and off-frame action, are used in both his short animated films and his feature films. Bordwell, David Stylistic Transformations Between Live-Action Japanese Animation 14 2 Bordwell, as a non-expert on anime, explores the stylistics of the (University of Wisconsin, and Animation in Japanese Cinema Japanese animation and tries to find parallels between live-acion Madison) cinema and anime and manga. He points out that anime has only recently begun to include the characteristics of other media. Gurevich, Mikhail Literary Poetics and Animation Stylistics Animation and other 14 2 Animation and literature do not seem to have much in common, and (University of Wisconsin, forums the few attempts to convey literature in an animated form have not Madison) been very succesful. Gurevich illustartes the attempts to reach a literary level of animation with a lot of examples of primarily Russian films. His research continues. Langer, Mark (Carleton Northern Silhouettes: The Works of Bryant Fryer Textual Evolutions 14 2 The notion that animation from Canada had stalled for a quarter of a University, Ottawa) century after 1926 is actually false. Bryant Fryer created cut-out animation films in the 1920s and 1930s with his production company Fryer Limited. Although the films were not very succesful, they present a work that is significant to Canadian film history. McLaughlin, Dan The Role of Animation in the New Digital Media Animation Technology 5 2 McLaughlin sees the move into the digital area of animation as (University of California, or Rethinking Animation difficult, but unavoidable. There are numerous changes and Los Angeles) developments to be found in the role of the audience in interactive media, digital distribution and new forms of animation. All will expand animation's definition.
9th SAS conference 1997, Utrecht Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, Europe Through American Eyes at the Disney Animation and History: 8 2 With a large number of slides, Allan makes a tribute to Bob Jones. Included in the "9th Society for Animation United Kingdom) Coal Face: The Contribution of Bob Jones, Europe & USA Jones has made tremendous contributions to animation by creating Studies Conference" reader Enginer and Puppeteer, to Pinocchio and models and sets for the Disney films Pinocchio and Fantasia. Fantasia Bates, Robin The First 'Animated' Cartoon Animation and History: 18 2 The first animated cartoon appeared no later than 1607, as a series of Also available in digital format on non-standard (Philedelphia, USA) Europe & USA drawings intended to teach soldiers how to load their firearms by 1.40MB disc. Dutchman John of Nassau. After this, we see the development of several machines to 'make images move', up to the animated film as we know it since the end of the ninteenth century. Buchan, Suzanne Vision Animated to the Bursting Point: Stylistics Animation and Other 4 3 Essentially a paper abstract, Buchan picks up the ideas of James Included in the "9th Society for Animation (University of Zurich, of Metamorphosis in Text and Film Media Joyce in order to develop a detailed view on modern animations Studies Conference" reader Switzerland) aesthetics. Carels, Edwin (Belgium) 1895: Animation, History and the Metafilm Animation and Other 16 2 This is a lecture on Priit Pärn's film 1895 (1995), which is about the Included in the "9th Society for Animation Media origins of film at the end of the nineteenth century. In doing this, film is Studies Conference" reader and in Animation discussed by focusing on Godard. Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 DelGaudio, Sybil (Hofstra Anonymity vs. Identity: The Uncredited Work of Animation and History: 12 2 An investigation into the communism of John Hubley in 1956 leads us Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, USA) John and Faith Hubley Europe & USA to an examination of his and Faith Hubley's much uncredited Studies Conference" reader animation work for television, most notably for CTW's Sesame Street.
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Floquet, Pierre (Bordeaux Tex Avery's Comic Language: 10 Years of Animation and History: 8 2 Contains a history of Avery's time at MGM between 1942 and 1951, Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, France) Creation at MGM, 1942-1951 Europe & USA consisting of three parts: the pragmatic of Tex Avery's cinematic Studies Conference" reader speech, the language of chasing and the syntaxic aspect of Tex Avery's comic language. The analyses in the article approach semiotics. Furniss, Maureen Stars and Stripes: Animation in American Animation and History: 10 2 Stars and Stripes Productions was one of the most innovative and Included in the "9th Society for Animation (Chapman University, Advertising Europe & USA succesful animation studios in the United States. The person who Studies Conference" reader USA) guided the studio through all its years was Leonard Glasser, of whom this is also a short biography, containing a career overview. Gamarra, Edward (Emory Animus, Anima, Anime: A Jungian Approach to Animation in Different 6 2 In an attempt to create something other than another superficial Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, USA) Japanese Animation Cultures account of anime's popularity, Gamarra uses the psychoanalytic Studies Conference" reader theories of Jung to explain the appeal of the Japanese animation to young people in America. He argues that the graphic style and universal themes make the genre so attractive. Goergen, Jeanpaul Discovering Paul Peroff Animation and History: 7 2 This is a biography of Paul Peroff, a Russian animator born in 1889, Included in the "9th Society for Animation (Germany) Europe & USA who worked internationally on many different small films. Contains a Studies Conference" reader and in Animation detailed filmography. Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 Izvolov, Nikolai (Russia) The History of Drawn Sound in Soviet Russia Animation and 4 2 Not only pictures can be drawn, sound can be as well. In the 1930's, Included in the "9th Society for Animation Technology Russian artist Avraamov was among the first to start the practice of Studies Conference" reader and in Animation generating artificial drawn sound. Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 Kester, Bernadette Emancipating from Realism?: Historical Animation and Other 1 2 Kester argues that animation may be better suited to bring histiorical Abstract. Included in the "9th Society for (Erasmus University, The Representations in Animation Films Media images to the viewer than live-action film. This may be so because of Animation Studies Conference" reader Netherlands) the abstract nature of animation to create a general instead of a specific view. Langer, Mark (Carleton Disney, Nixon and Cold War Animation Animation and History: 14 2 Langer shows that Disney was an important player not only in Cold Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, Canada) Europe & USA War politic, but also in providing America with propaganda films. Studies Conference" reader While this does not so much concern Nixon, it does concern his political era. Lent, John and Asli Tunç Animation in Turkey: Historical Representations Animation in Different 22 2 Lent and Tunç provide us with a very useful history of animation in Included in the "9th Society for Animation (Temple University, USA) in Animation Films Cultures Turkey, a subject that has not been discussed before. "Animation in Studies Conference" reader Turkey is an up and down affair, pushed at times by the commercial sector and the ambitions of individual artists, hampered at other times by political and economic constraints." Leskosky, Richard (USA) The Quest for Depth: Mechanics and Aesthetics Animation and 12 2 Leskosky looks at the animation patents of the 1930's, a period that Included in the "9th Society for Animation of the American Animated Cartoon Technology was full of developments in and around the medium. Most of these Studies Conference" reader patents were about color or depth in the animation drawings. McLaughlin, Dan It's About Time Animation and 2 3 A closer look at timing and framing of shots in short animation films. Information sheet. Included in the "9th Society (University of California, Technology for Animation Studies Conference" reader. USA) McNamara, Martin (USA) Patterns of Social Metaphor in New German Animation and History: 1 2 German animators have only recently begun to emanate more energy Abstract. Included in the "9th Society for Animation Europe & USA into the medium. McNamara compares a few of the succesful films Animation Studies Conference" reader and points to the influence of Paul Driessen. Moins, Philippe (Belgium) Animation in Belgium: The Longstanding Animation and Other 5 2 Moins respectively talks about the early Begian children's comics, the Included in the "9th Society for Animation Relationship between the World of Publishing Media film industry between the two world wars, the publishers in the postwar Studies Conference" reader and the Cinema in Belgium period, the early cartoons and the adaptation of comics into cinema. He ends by saying that by adapting the comic books and selling the publishing offices the natural Belgian style could be lost.
Moritz, William (California Absolute Film: The Next Generation Animation and History: 7 2 New technologies as well as old ones have created a great range of Included in the "9th Society for Animation Institute of the Arts) Europe & USA modes in which absolute or abstract experimental animation can Studies Conference" reader explore the boundaries of the animation medium.
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Muhr, Gunilla (Stockholm High, Low or In-between: Modernist Traits in Animation and Other 7 2 The Silly Symphonies and notably the follow-up Fantasia can be seen Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, Sweden) Disney's 1930's Cartoon Symphonies Media as attempts to embrace high culture into popular culture, creating a Studies Conference" reader middle ground. In the Silly Symphony called Music Land , popular and high culture embrace symbolically. Mukerji, Chandra and Recognizable Ambiguity: Cartoon Imagery and Animation and 10 3 Children are treated, when they watch Animaniacs , to an odd form of Included in the "9th Society for Animation Tarleton Gillespie American Childhood in Animaniacs Perception relaxation - a relaxation of cultural categories and any claims of Studies Conference" reader (University of California, coherence and fixity about them. The most important thing in making USA) a show succesful, is not to know your audience, but knowing how to adress it. Pavlov, Boris Animation in the 'Russian Hollywood' of the 1920- Animation and History: 5 2 From 1923 to 1936 Mezrabpom-Rus' animation studio made short Included in the "9th Society for Animation (Filmmuseum, Russia) 1930's Europe & USA animated films that contributed to live-action. They also made some of Studies Conference" reader and in Animation the first Russian animated films and experimented with color. Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 Animation developed from an additive tool to a medium in itself.
Peters, Mette (The De Moord van Raamsdonk: Dutch Shadow Show Animation and History: 82 De Moord van Raamsdonk was a shadow puppet movie made by film Included in the "9th Society for Animation Netherlands) becomes Silhouette Film Europe & USA maker Otto van Neijenhoff and puppeteer Frans ter Gast in in 1930s. Studies Conference" reader and in Animation The film is mentioned in many books, but Peters sets out to discover Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 the real story. She illustrates her contextual historical analysis by showing slides and film clips from various movies. Prokhorov, Anatoly (Pilot Space as Screen, Perception as an Illusion, Animation and 4 2 A screen is one of the primary ways, for any organism, to view the Included in the "9th Society for Animation Animation Studio, Culture as Society Perception world. Next, it psychically transforms it into an illusion of space. Studies Conference" reader Moscow) Socioculture evolution has made these illusions track the outside world into patterns. This piece is a transcript for a paper. Rijken, Arnoud & Bas Strangers in a Strange Land: On the Dramaturgy Animation and Other 15 2 Rijken and Brinkman suggest we should pay more attention to the Included in the "9th Society for Animation Brinkman (The of Animation Media dramaturgy of animated film. According to Aristotle, we have to obey Studies Conference" reader Netherlands) the six commandments of dramaturgy. Suggested here is that we can divide the commandments in mimetics, symbols and kinetics and apply it readily to animation. Sandler, Kevin (USA) Looney Tunes and Merry Metonyms: Animation and History: 26 2 Looney Tunes characters have faced some gruesome transformations Included in the "9th Society for Animation Disneyfication, Identity Politics, and the Europe & USA in the 1990's, culminating in Space Jam , where almost every Studies Conference" reader Corporatizing of Bugs Bunny character is out of place. Bugs Bunny and companions have fallen victim to commerce,where everything is about keeping up a public image. Censorship and afdaptation are serious threats to the Warner Bros. cartoons. Strøm, Gunnar (Møre og Desider Gross and Gasparcolor: European Animation and History: 17 2 Until the early 1930's, Norwegian animated commercials were being Included in the "9th Society for Animation Romsdal College, Norway) Producers, Norwegian Products: On Animated Europe & USA produced, mostly as half-copies of foreign films. Strøm argues that Studies Conference" reader and in Animation Cinema Commercials from the 1930's Desider Gross and Gasparcolor were the centralized powers of many Journal, volume 6, number 2, spring 1998 animators. The two companies, which in themselves did not animate, offered individual animators a chance to make commercial films.
Trymbach, Sergij Ukrainian Animated Movie in the Space of the Animation in Different 4 2 Culture has always pressed upon Ukrainian film production heavily. Included in the "9th Society for Animation (Ukraine) National Cinema Culture Cultures The development went from folklore to historical tales to more diverse. Studies Conference" reader Eventually animation became a kaleidoscope of mant aspects, more and more seperate from government control. Venger, Natalia (Russia) Russian Broadcasting TV: Catoons a la Carte Animation and 8 2 A detailed look at the broadcasting of cartoons on Russian television, Technology with many viewing reports and figures from the featured shows. Russian Cartoons are on the rise in production and on television.
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Williams, David (United Sons of the Drawing Board: Laurel and Hardy as Animation and Other 3 2 Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy appeared in about two dozen cartoons Included in the "9th Society for Animation Kingdom) Cartoon Characters Media between 1933 and 1946, apart from the shorts later produced by Studies Conference" reader Hanna-Barbera. In each of the early films Laurel and Hardy are caricaturized in both looks and gestures to make them recognizable to the audience. Yokota, Masao (Nihon Face Preference of Animation Characters by Animation and 29 2 Two large surveys and score analyses among nearly one hundred Included in the "9th Society for Animation University, Japan) Japanese University Students Perception Japanese University students point out that Japanese animation Studies Conference" reader, all original characters that are familiar, have downward slanted eyes and transparents are available. eyebrows and loose lips are preferred to unfamiliar characters that have upward oblique eyes and eyebrows and firm lips.
10th SAS conference 1998, Chapman University, Orange, USA Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Moritz, William (California Jordan Belson: The Last of the Great Masters N.A. 14 N.A. Jordan Belson is not a normal frame-by-frame animator, but sought to This article was published in Animation Institute of the Arts) make movement and patterns out of static images. He made many Journal, V olume 7, Number 2, Spring 1999. spectacular short films in which interference patterns and moving Not available as a seperate paper. images in front of the camera or on the film itself created abstract musical animations. His last work was the half-hour long Mysterious Journey (1997).
11th SAS Conference 1999, Griffith University, Brisbane Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Floquet, Pierre (France) Avery’s World in Asterix Land Asia-Pacific Focus 6 2 Tex Avery's cartoons have always had a general appeal and have been very popular in France in particular; they relate very well to French comic character Asterix. His exaggerated violence, his comic pace and adult humor may very well have been the driving force behind the the large production of French cartoons that has been expanding since the 1970's. Furniss, Maureen (USA) Motion Capture Style and Technique 11 2 Motion Capture technology, or MoCap, is relatively new and is still being improved. In animation it has been regarded with at least as much scepticism as rotoscoping, but it seems things are changing. The multiple uses in and outside of animation make Motion Capture in its various forms a new medium to be further explored. Goergen, Jean Paul Sounds from Nowhere: The History of Animated Style and Technique 12 2 Rudolf Pfenninger (1899-1976) was one of the first people to (Germany) Sound in Germany (1932/33) experiment with a soundtrack directly drawn on the film negative. Although he did not use it artistically, others like Oscar Fischinger and László Moholy-Nagy did. Drawn sound is still not very elaborate, but the experiments demonstrate how synthetic sound can be used in combination with animation. Knight, Laura (United Mixing it: Image Manipulation Trends in UK Style and Technique 7 2 Britisch animators have very often relied on the early experimental Kingdom) Contemporary Short Form Animation filmmakers like Svankmajer, McLaren, Lye, for the production of short animated films. Many of them have done a lot of experimentation to get where they are today. Most of the animation output is in the form of series for television, although a whole range of animated forms can be distinguished.
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Langer, Mark (Canada) Cyborgs before Computers: The Rotoscope as Style and Technique 13 2 Cyborgs are machines that are inextricably fused with humans, while Prosthesis automata are merely machines made to resemble humans. We can see the mechanical aspects of rotoscoped films as cyborgs, although the earlier animated films more closely resemble the machine/man divide of the automata. Langer gives examples of Fleisher and McCay films from the early twentieth century. Strøm, Gunnar (Norway) Desider Gross and Gasparcolor in a Norwegain Style and Technique 10 2 Strøm continues the research which he presented at the conference of Perspective, Part 2 1997. In the last two years, he has dicovered that both Desider Gross and Gasparcolor made films as production companies, for Norway as well as other countries. Advertising films are still underappreciated, and Strøm calls for more research. Williams-Rautiola, The Impact of 3D Animation on Television: Asia-Pacific Focus 17 2 Western and eastern animation (anime) have very distinct visions of Suzanne (USA) Decreasing Aesthetic Dictance 'reality'. Computer animation has made producing cartoons for television a whole different matter. Cartoon characters gain and lose different aspects of realism, while the production process is made quicker and cheaper. Video games are next in the depiction of 'human reality': realism in games should be treated carefully.
12th SAS Conference 2000, Trondheim Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Allan, Robin (InterTheatre, Fantasia Then and Now: an Exploration of the Other topics 11 2 Disney’s Fantasia 2000 can in no respect compare to the original Included in the conference reader, "Digital United Kingdom) New Fantasia 2000 compared with its 1940 Fantasia because of it’s lack of genius in the interplay of different Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Forerunner aspects. Fantasia 2000 is in many ways a gimmick. Allan gives us the details and explains how both films are constructed. Bradbury, Keith (Griffith Boundaries in Cyberspace: Towards a Digital topics 5 2 A highly spiritualistic piece on the confusion of mind and body in daily Title and subtitle can be reversed elsewhere. University, Australia) Spiritualistic Aesthetic life. Rythm gets connected with animation in three ways. Included in the conference reader, "Digital Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Childs, Lucy (University of The Ghost of Happy Accident Digital topics 11 2 Happy accidents' are flaws in puppeteering, either in the characters or Included in the conference reader, "Digital Luton, United Kingdom) their moves. The question here is: can these accidents also take place Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" in the perfectioned world of computer generated animation? Childs argues that in fact it can. Therefore digital puppetry does not delete the playfulness of real puppetry. Estela Graca, Marina Physiology: towards Animation Poetics Digital topics 12 2 Estela Graça's discussion of the physiology of animation reminds us Included in the conference reader, "Digital (Universidade do Algarve, most forcefully that even the most sophisticated computer Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Portugal) technologies are merely tools to be manipulated by animators. She argues that the 'process of animating' has always necessitated invention and experimentation, describing animation as a 'laboratory' with the media arts. Its poetics should remind us of the characteristics of the film medium. Floquet, Pierre (Ecole Animated Characters: Actioned, or Actors? Other topics 7 2 Tex Avery once said that the actions of the characters are more Included in the conference reader, "Digital Nationale Supèrieure important than what they look like. Floquet discovers in this sense, Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" d'Electronique et de that animated characters can take multiple roles, just as real actors. Radioèlectricitè de Especially Avery's characters confirm that they are playing roles and Bordeaux, France) are thus actors. Grace, John Animation: Everyting Changes - Nothing Digital topics 7 2 Grace begins giving us a step-by-step animation history, ending in a Not presented at the conference, not listed. (Loughborough University, Changes detailed suggestion for an on-line learning program for animation United Kingdom) students. He praises the digital media for their multi-functional uses and hopes that one day they will be standard everywhere.
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Goergen, Jean Paul Animated Propaganda in Germany Other topics 9 2 Goergen stands for the difficult task of making an account of German Included in the conference reader, "Digital (Germany) political films. He does this by giving examples of 11 of these Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" exaggerated, caricatural and oversimplified films. 2 pages contain slides. Knight, Laura From Flip to Zip: Patterns of Delivering Digital topics 12 2 Knight aims to introduce animation education to pre-degree students Included in the conference reader, "Digital (Staffordshire University, Animation Education to Pre-degree Students as part of a school curriculum, in order to make them familiar with the Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" United Kingdom) medium in an early stage. Test projects are undertaken, and Knight tells about the specifics of these projects. Lent, John, A. (USA) Animation in South and Southeast Asia Asian animation 12 2 "This essay surveys animation in the Southeast Asian region, pointing Included in the conference reader, "Digital to its recent development and taking into account factors that may Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" have spurred or impeded its growth […] and some of its common themes." Leskosky, Richard J. J. R. Bray's 1916 Animation Patent Other topics 29 2 In the history of animation techniques, cell animation has gone Included in the conference reader, "Digital (University of Illinois, USA) through a lot of standards. Bray and Hurd licensed their cell technique Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" early and protected it against other aniomators like Winson MsCay from 1914 onward. Leskovsky describes the patents and developments in detail. 15 pages of illustrations. Peters, Mette & Egbert Mostly Hidden Away: Animation Film in the Other topics 8 2 In a presentation with slides, Peters and Barten present the results of Included in the conference reader, "Digital Barten (The Netherlands) Netherlands 1940-1945 their investigation into Dutch animation production before and during Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" the Second World War. Still incomplete, this analysis however provides us with the notion that there were many different films made, of which few survived. Southall, John (United Expanding Boundaries - Setting Boundaries: The Digital topics 5 2 Boundaries, or paradigms, function as a basis for further research into Alternate title: Setting Boundaries/ Expanding Kingdom) Role of Theory and Paradigms in Understanding animation. Every new paradigm must therefore be new and striking, Boundaries: Cinematic Innovation and the Developments in Animation as was the introduction of CGI into animation. Impact of CGI. Included in the conference reader, "Digital Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Strøm, Gunnar (Volda The Animated Documentary: a Performative Other topics 8 2 Strøm extensively explores the history and possibilities with animated Included in the conference reader, "Digital University Highschool, Tradition documentary, as a creatively fertile genre. The essay is focused on Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Norway) finding and identifying examples of the genre. As animation is a technique and form, whereas documentary is based on actuality, the two terms are not as contradictory as they might seem.
Strøm, Gunnar (Volda Animated Documentary Film Other topics 9 2 Like his official presentation paper, this magazine item is an Included in the conference reader, "Digital University Highschool, explanation of the uses and history of the animated documentary film. Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Norway) Watson, Paul (United The Lost World or the World Well Lost?: Digital Digital topics 18 2 Watson's essay points to the new grounds animation is covering with Alternate title: The World Well Lost. Included in Kingdom) Dinosaurs and the Post-photographic animated historical documentary's like BBC's Walking with Dinosaurs. the conference reader, "Digital Challenges, Documentary In this way, he creates an ontology of animation today. Films like this Expanded Boundaries" make it difficult to place it in media studies under either animation, CGI, documentary or fiction. Williams, David (United A Line in Your Lap Other topics 5 2 This is the shooting script for a video about the history of 3d- or Included in the conference reader, "Digital Kingdom) stereoscopic animation. Every shot is accompanied by commentary. Challenges, Expanded Boundaries"
Ying, Xu (China) Animation Film Production in Beijing Asian animation 8 2 This essay offers an in-depth history of animation from Beijing, Included in the conference reader, "Digital concentrating on the period 1980-2000. Beijing Science & Educational Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" Film Studio (BSEFS) made mant short educational and entertaining films for children, of which many were given awards.
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Yokota, Masao, Masashi Psychological Dependence in Japanese Asian animation 15 2 “Psychological dependence is a key concept in Japanese animation Included in the conference reader, "Digital Koide, and Koji Nomura Animation films: A Case of Rin Taro films; it has implicitly appeared. Rin Taro’s feature animation films Challenges, Expanded Boundaries" (Nihon University, Japan) clearly have depicted the psychological dependence as a trait of the Japanese people.” (Masao, Koide & Nomura) 4 pages of text, 11 pages of slides.
13th SAS conference 2001, Montreal Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes Bouldin, Joanna (USA) Technologies of the Body and Politics of the History of US 9 8 Bouldin suggests "that animation, to greater or lesser degrees, is Included in the conference reader "SAS Real: Race, Reality and the Rotoscope in animation always negotiating its place between the real and the really made Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part Fleischer Animated Cartoons up....the shifting, often ambivalent status of the 'real' in animation has 1" a significant impact on how we experience animation and the animated body." She does this by examining the techniques in animation. Buchan, Suzanne Neoformalist Analysis and the 'Auteur' Animation Narrative and form 1 4 Suzanne Buchan discusses new formalist theories that allow Included in the conference reader "SAS (England) Film idiosyncratic interpretations that are contextualized. Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part 1" Chan ,Yuk Ting (China) Animation and Cinematic Asian animation 38 9 Yuk Ting Chan examined the cinematography, color and lighting in Included in the conference reader "SAS Memories, the use of the camera in Princess Mononoke, editing and Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part montage in AKIRA, mise-en-scene in Nausicaa of the Valley of the 1" Wind. Ehrlich, David (USA) Genghis Khan : The Secret History of the Asian animation 2 7 This film was a 1990 Soviet-style, cel animation titled Genghis Khan Included in the conference reader "SAS Mongols by Miagmar Sodnompilin that focused upon the origin of Temujin, later Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part to be known as Genghis Khan. Ehrlich elaborates on the political 1" difficulties in dealing with such a controversial historical figure and the economic compromises that had to be made in order to get funding for the film. Frierson, Michael (USA) The Carry Over Dissolve in UPA Animation History of US 20 11 Michael Frierson, examines the Carry Over Dissolve in UPA Included in the conference reader "SAS animation Animation as it was used in Gerald McBoing Boing and Madeline to Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part expand or alter space and time. 1" Hacohen, Gonen (USA) Reading The Simpsons : Semiotics Analysis of Sociological issues 1 4 A very short semiotic analysis of the The Simpsons episode "The Last Included in the conference reader "SAS Primetime Animation Satire Temptation of Krust", focusing on the polysemic satiric content. Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part 1" Harris, Miriam (Canada/ Dynamite in the Diaper: The Coexistence Within Sociological issues 7 8 Miriam Harris examines the collapse of the boundaries between Included in the conference reader "SAS New Zealand) Animation of Child and Adult Influences adulthood and childhood. She examines the movement from A Boy Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part Named Charlie Brown to the carnivalesque - The Simpsons , South 1" Park , The Ren & Stimpy Show and Shrek , which include "frequent references to bodily excesses, scatological themes, the inversion of 'high' and 'low' elements, and the warping of traditional narrative expectations." Ho, Gigi Tze Yue (USA/ Usurping the Cinematic Screen - Prince of the Asian animation 17 9 In this paper Gigi Tze Yue Ho noted that the creators of Prince of the Included in the conference reader "SAS Japan) Sun: The Great Adventures of Hols Sun (1968) were young animators who wanted to express their Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part political and social concerns in a film with quality aesthetics and 2" production values. Although the film was a commercial flop, it was an important milestone in Japanese history, spirit, and ideology.
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Langer, Mark (Canada) The End of Animation History Technology and 14 9 Using Francis Fukuyama's thesis that "history is composed of Featured on the ASIFA website technique distinctions or conflicts between competing systems," Langer argues
Palmer, Roger (Australia) Graphic Artists and Techno-Art into Moving Australian animation 4 9 Palmer examines the establishment of Australia's animated film Included in the conference reader "SAS Pictures Down-Under industry. He notes that the early history of Australian animation is Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part more easily traced through the history of advertising than of film and 2" offeres evidence that the Salvation Army was the first animated film producer then traced the history of animation between the First and Second World Wars to advertising and illustrations in documentaries. However, the animation industry in Australia did not really become viable until the advent of television. Rist, Peter, Zhang Yuan Chinese Water-Colour Animation Asian animation 4 3 With some examples, it is explained how Chinese animation can Alternate title: Water. Included in the and Tammy Smith feature water as a driving force. This is rather an impression than an conference reader "SAS Conference 2001: (Canada) investagation. Papers and abstracts: part 2" Rogers, Shannon and Havoc in Heaven: Bridging the Gap between Asian animation 7 7 Shannon Rogers discusses animator Wan Laiming's combination of David Ehrlich (USA) Tradition and Modernization classic forms of the Beijing Opera with modern forms, such as vivid scenery, to produce a film that would appeal to a broad audience but at the same time retain the artistic heritage of his country.
Yokota, Masao and Economical Failure and Success in Feature Asian animation 6 9 Masao Yokota and Masashi Koide trace the rise of Mamoru Oshii Included in the conference reader "SAS Masashi Koide (Japan) Animations of Mamoru Oshii from the director of Uruseiyatura (a television serial) to the Conference 2001: Papers and abstracts: part Uruseiyatura feature films to his more recent productions at 2" Production IG. Although he achieved limited early success, his first films at Production IG were unsuccessful, because his protagonists were solitary and destructive. Later, as he channeled these anti-social tendencies into criminals (for example in Patolabor the Movie), he found greater success.
14th SAS conference 2002, Glendale Author (Origin) Title Forum Pages Copies Summary Notes
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Brod, Daniel C. (University Whose Rite? Disney and Stravinsky's Struggle Disney 1 2 Information sheet comparing two examples from The Rite of Spring . Information sheet. of Texas, USA) for Ownership of The Rite of Spring .
Franks, Alexis (Loyola He Said, She Said: Gender, Power and the Anime 10 2 Shoujo manga (Shoujo anime), which is meant for girls, does not copy University, USA) Community in 'Shoujo' Manga the generally male dominated manga. Instead, it offers two ways for girls to be independent: either being andrygonous, or being an outcast from the male society. NOTE: What is actually meant here is not 'manga', but 'anime'. This paper is not about comics, but about animation. Frierson, Michael Celebrity Deathmatch : Liminality and the The Body, Freakery, 21 2 Frierson analyses a few episodes from the popular MTV clay (University of North Carnavalesque Carnival animation series and focuses on their deformative qualities. Celebrity Carolina, USA) Deathmatch is an exaggerated version of the TV wrestling format, which is an exaggeration of the human form, thereby achieving succes through carnivalesque and liminal forms of entertainment, playing with public images of celebrities. Hagiwara, Takao (Case Anime East and West: Hayao Miyazaki's Nation, Culture, 6 2 Miyazaki may be said to embody Japanese anime, a synthesis of Western Reserve Princess Mononoke Identity American animation and the traditional Japanese craftsmanship that is University, USA) rooted in animism. Ultimately, the film is very Western and modern and not Japanese at all, which may be why Western audiences applaude. Lent, John A. (Temple Vampires, Lice, and a Dose of History: Juan Nation, Culture, 8 2 A big animation studio in Cuba, ICAIC, is a rare one. Juan Padrón University, USA) Padrón and Cuban Animation Identity talks about the difficulties and accomplishments of this and other studios in Cuba. Animation in Cuba is quite possible, due to the inherent persistence of Cuban animators. McCay, Mary A. (Loyola Transitions from Childhood to Adult Anime 13 2 Both Grave of the Fireflies and Princess Mononoke try to show us that University, USA) Responsibility in Princess Mononoke and Grave we should accept those people who are different from us. Children are of the Fireflies most important to recognize, because they make the future. Both are strongle apocalyptic and do not aim at containment and reassurance, but at the notion of the modern world's instability.
Probst, Weston (Loyola Children of the Porn: Homosexuality as Childhood, Culture, 11 2 'June' and 'Yaoi' are two modes of homosexually oriented anime, the Not presented at the conference, not listed. University, USA) Childhood in June and Yaoi Identity first being more romantic and the second being more overt. The characters in these quite popular films tend to have only subtle hints at their sexual identities and orientations. Prunes, Mariano (Yale Having it Both Ways: Making Children Films an Childhood, Culture, 16 2 Miyazaki does not make a difference between children's and adult's University, USA) Adult Matter in Miyazaki's My Neighbor Totoro Identity films, thereby making each of his features a transition. He depicts the fantastic in a 'real' manner and presents the real as fantastic. The strong point therefore is not reading the world through the eyes of children, but reading the world as fantastic and changing. Wu, Sharon (CalArts, The Impact of Digital Animation Productions on Disney 2 2 CG has shaken the animation world. It has a lot of potential if the USA) the Feature Animation Industry process of production keeps up the standards of the old; innovation is not enough.
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