DOCSLIB.ORG

Geologic Atlas of Benton County, Minnesota

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geologic Atlas of Benton County, Minnesota Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE BENTON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND ATLAS C-23, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY the Minnesota ENVironment and NaturaL Resources Trust Fund Plate 3—Surficial Geology Harvey Thorleifson, Director as recommended by the LeGisLatiVE-CitiZen Commission on Minnesota Resources 94°15' W. 94° W. R. 32 W. R. 31 W. R. 30 W. R. 29 W. Qp 350 370 R. 28 W. MORRISON COUNTY 390 390 1 1 6 Qcf Qci Qp Qcd 340 1 6 Qp Qe 6 390 340 Qci 1 River Creek 1 370 6 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY Qe 390 Qa 330 l Qe Hil 380 Qct MORRISON COUNTY Qwh er 330 k 390 360 Bun 360 380 Qa Creek 370 340 380 West MILLE LACS COUNTY Platte 10 Qcd Qp By 390 A 370 A' Branch 320 Creek Qp 370 380 Qp Qwl Qa 350 Zuleger Gary N. Meyer 380 360 r 310 LANGOLA GRAHAM Creek ALBERTA e Qcd GRANITE 380 iv Qci R T. 38 N. Qcs LEDGE 390 + 2010 Qct 360 STEARNS Qcf 370 A Qct 340+ COUNTY T. 38 N. 380 Qp + Rock Qcs Riv Mayhew ++ er Qwr Rum Qe + ++ 340 Little + 350 370 Qco 25 St. Francis 370 lk 350 E Qcs Rice Qp 350 45°45' N. 370 B B' CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Mississippi 45°45' N. 31 Qe 36 Qe Qf Little 31 350 31 31 310 36 36 Qct Qcs Hudson Ql 360 360 36 Rock 360 Qco Qa Qf Ql Qe Qp 350 360 Episode Qwl Qp Qa Lake Qp 94°15' W. E Qwl s West Campus Ql 6 te 1 1 k s Qcf 6 1 e 1 350 formation re 6 Digital base modified from the Minnesota Department of C 360 River B Qwr QUATERNARY 350 roo Qwh Transportation BaseMap data; digital base annotation by 330 k Michigan Wisconsin Bailey 360 Qco Qcs the Minnesota Geological Survey. New Ulm Subepisode Episode ek Qp Qno Qnw Qns Qnd Qnl Qwl Qf re Qcd 340 formation Elevation contours were derived from the U.S. Geological 310 C Survey 30-meter Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by the Cromwell River Sucker 23 Qco Qcs Qci Qcd Qcf Qct Minnesota Geological Survey. Qa 350 Formation 330 Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, grid zone 15 Mayhew 340 340 350 PALEOPROTEROZOIC 1983 North American Datum Lake Qp 350 Qct A and NEOARCHEAN Qwh 340 340 Oak Qwr Qcs 360 Park Qco T. 37 N. 340 Qcs Creek Qns Qp 350 T. 37 N. 350 Qwl WATAB Qe MAYHEW Qco GILMANTON MAYWOOD Qcf 340 Qco 340 LAKE Qns Qct Qcd 340 Qcd of the Mississippi River, and preserved in terraces above the Qp Foley INTRODUCTION 340 Qco modern floodplain. During these early stages the river served as 320 Qe Qcd A The surficial geology map of Benton County shows the earth material expected an outlet stream for melting glacial ice to the north. The West C 340 C' to be encountered below the topsoil, generally about 3 feet (1 meter) below the Campus formation is mapped at two terrace levels upstream of Qp Qp 36 Qns land surface. This map was modified from recently published maps (Meyer and the confluence with the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling. 31 Qnl 31 36 31 36 others, 2001; Ellingson, 2002; Meyer, 2008) on the basis of an expanded water Qwh A 36 Qwl Langdon terrace—The surface is 10 to 30 feet (3 to 9 meters) above 320 Collner well data base compiled for this study (Plate 1, Data-Base Map); 18 shallow auger 330 the recent floodplain level (prior to damming of the Mississippi 340 350 holes and 5 deeper rotary-sonic core holes carried out for this study; examination Qe Qct River), ranging in elevation from about 1,000 feet (305 meters) Qco Qa of new exposures (mostly in gravel pits); bridge boring records from the Benton Qp 6 1 Qns 330 at Sauk Rapids to about 1,050 feet (320 meters) upstream near 1 Qns E 6 l 1 6 330 County Highway Department and from the Minnesota Department of Transportation k 1 the northwest corner of the county. Shells are present in places. Qcs Qct Qct (2009); and evaluation of the updated soil survey (Natural Resources Conservation Qp 340 Most contacts with other map units are scarps. Qco Service, 2009). In Figure 1, the surficial sediments are grouped into more permeable A ++ + Qwr Richfield terrace—The surface is 30 to 70 feet (9 to 21 meters) above Qe BrookQco (bedded sand to gravel) and less permeable (bedded silt to clay and diamicton) Sartell SAUK + + Qci + Qa units. The topographic expression created by glacial sculpturing and subsequent the recent floodplain level (prior to damming of the Mississippi RAPIDS 330 + Qct 320 + River), ranging in elevation from about 1,025 feet (312 meters) at 340 meltwater and wind erosion and deposition is displayed on the Digital Elevation 330 + Qp 340 Qnl St. Cloud to about 1,080 feet (329 meters) at the northwest corner Mayhew Qct 340 Qp Model (Fig. 2). 340 Qct 330 St. Francis 15 A Sauk River Stony of the county. Most contacts with other map units (except eolian Qci 330 330 Qco Rapids Qns 25 sand) are scarps; however, the contact with adjacent outwash is 330 320 SUMMARY OF GLACIAL HISTORY 340 330 commonly gradational. The original surface of the terrace has been 320 Qco T. 36 N. 320 MINDENQct ST. GEORGE GLENDORADO Qcs Qci T. 36 N. The surficial geology of Benton County, like most of Minnesota, is dominated altered in places by wind action, and by ice-block melt-out. 330 Qco Qcs 310 Qp Qp by unconsolidated sediments laid down by glacial ice and meltwater towards the LOCATION DIAGRAM 310 Qct 23 Qcs Qwh Sand overlying reddish sandy till—Sand and gravel at the Richfield 320 320 end of the "Ice Age," during the Wisconsin Episode (Johnson and others, 1997). Qwl Creek terrace level less than 10 feet (3 meters) thick over till of the 330 10 Qno 330 Qcd 330 Qcd Qcd These sediments bury eroded remnants left by multiple earlier glacial advances 310 95 330 95 Cromwell Formation. Boulder lags are common at the contact. 320 330 Qcs that once covered the county (Plate 4, Quaternary Stratigraphy). During each of 330 Qno Qci Qf Qco these advances, glacial ice from the Laurentide ice sheet to the north entered the New Ulm formation (Meyer and Patterson, 1999)—Glacial, fluvial, and 320 Qcs Qnw 320 320 Qno 320 county from different directions, reflected in the diverse deposits left behind. The lacustrine sediment of Riding Mountain provenance (Table 1) 320 310 Qcs Qnw Qco Qno provenance of an ice advance (Fig. 3, Table 1) is the unique area of bedrock to the deposited by ice and meltwater of the last glacial advance into 300 Qct 310 Qct 310 320 A St. Cloud 320 north that the ice passed over and incorporated, and then deposited to the south. the county, that of the Grantsburg sublobe of the Des Moines lobe D Donovan Qci Qp D' 31 320 Qnd Lake 320 River (Fig. 3). Included in these map units are some low-lying areas 36 31 Qco Qns At the onset of the most recent glaciation, the Michigan Subepisode of the STEARNS 320 36 36 Qwr 320 Qp 320 310 31 Qcd 36 where New Ulm formation sediment may be overlain by 3 feet (1 COUNTY Qcs Qco Wisconsin Episode, ice carrying debris of Rainy and Superior provenance covered Qno 320 meter) or more of sandy to clayey, organic-bearing colluvium, or 320 Qci 320 Qp MILLE LACS COUNTY the county (Fig. 3; Meyer and Knaeble, 1996). Following the northwestward retreat SHERBURNE COUNTY R. 30 W. of the Wadena lobe (the ice carrying Rainy provenance debris), the Superior lobe by thin peat. R. 29 W. R. 28 W. SHERBURNE COUNTY 94° W. advanced during the Emerald phase (Johnson, 2000) to cover the entire county. Qnl Lake clay and silt—Laminated to thick bedded clay to silt; generally GIS compilation by R.S. Lively Following the Emerald phase, the Superior lobe melted back out of the county, greater than 5 feet (1.5 meters) thick. Covered by patches of SCALE 1:100 000 Edited by Lori Robinson 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES and then readvanced during the St. Croix phase (Wright, 1972) to once again silty, fine-grained sand. Thin beds of silty, fine-grained sand completely cover the county. Its termination to the west and south was marked to gravelly sand occur at boundaries and at or near the base in MAP SYMBOLS 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 KILOMETERS by the prominent line of hills called the St. Croix moraine (Meyer and Knaeble, places. The unit was deposited in deeper, quiet water of glacial Geologic contact—Approximately located. 1996; Knaeble and Meyer, 2007). Early during its recession from the St. Croix Lake Grantsburg. CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 METERS General flow direction of braided streams—Arrow points downstream in the direction moraine, the Superior lobe paused briefly at the St. Stephen ice margin (Meyer Qns Lake sand—Very fine- to fine-grained sand and silty sand, with minor glacial meltwater last flowed. and Knaeble, 1996) at the southwest corner of Benton County (Fig. 4), but then interbeds of silt and medium-grained sand. The unit generally coarsens upwards, but locally, coarse-grained, gravelly sand occurs Stream-cut scarp—Hachures point downslope; dashed where discontinuous or obscure; apparently retreated rapidly across most of the county, perhaps slowing again in along boundaries and at or near the base.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rebel Girls Women in the Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916
    Rebel Women in the Mesabi Iron Range Strike of 1916 grants from southern and eastern strike, ardently tackling the chal- Europe— had walked away from their lenges confronting the miners. jobs in early June. The IWW stepped Mining company officials refused to in to organize the workers and helped recognize any of the strike demands Girls draft a list of strike demands that and hired over 1,000 armed guards David LaVigne included higher wages, a shorter to protect their properties and mon- work day, payday twice per month, itor the strikers’ actions. Just prior to abor activist Elizabeth Gurley and eradication of a labor system Flynn’s coming, fatal clashes between L Flynn was no stranger when she that paid miners not by a daily rate, strikers and mining company police arrived in Duluth on July 11, 1916. As but for the amount of ore produced. had provided county law enforce- early as 1907 Flynn had advocated Commenting on the demands shortly ment authorities an excuse to arrest for the rights of Minnesota workers, after her arrival, Flynn declared that and jail the IWW’s chief organizers. and she was nationally known as an mining companies were “taking Undeterred, Flynn traveled back and orator with the Industrial Workers of millions of dollars worth of ore from forth across the Mesabi Range, tire- the World (IWW), an industrial union Minnesota every year, and it seems to lessly canvassing its 20- odd cities and committed to overthrowing capital- me they should be willing to leave just many mining “locations,” smaller ism.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota's Mineral Resources
    CHAPTER • 9 Minnesota's Mineral Resources IN MINNESOTA the production of iron ore is far more valuable economically than the total of all other mineral products, but im­ portant industries are based on Minnesota's other geological forma­ tions as well. Architectural, monumental, and structural stone are produced from granite, limestone, dolomite, and other Minnesota rocks. Gravel and sand are excavated and processed, and clay is used for many ceramic products. :Manganese in important amounts occurs in the iron ores of the Cuyuna district. Finally, although they are often not thought of as mineral products, two of our most im­ portant mineral resources are water and soil. The iron ores and mining operations of the Mesabi, Vermilion, and Cuyuna iron-bearing districts and of the southeastern lYlinnesota counties will be discussed in detail in later chapters, but a few sta­ tistics on Minnesota's iron ore industry may remind us how impor­ tant this geological heritage is. The following is an estimate of Min­ nesota's iron ore reserves, made on lYlay 1, 1961: Gross Tons Mesabi Range 500,799,179 Vermilion Range 9,755,974 Cuyuna Range 36,530,000 Fillmore County 'il,860,337 Total iron ore 549,945,490 172 MI NESOTA'S MINERAL RESOURCES The total production of iron ore in Minne ota to January 1, 1962, was 2,529,737,553 tons. Total taxes paid on iron ore to January 1, 1961 , were approximately $1,257,448,400, a very important source of funds for the state government. Slightly over 60 per cent of the total iron ore produced in the United States has come from l\1inne- ota.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Iron Ore Sustainable Supply
    Minnesota Iron Ore Sustainable Supply by Jim Sellner, PE, PG Manager of Engineering & Development Division of Lands & Minerals Department of Natural Resources Laurentian Vision Partnership, Iron Range Resources Rehabilitation, Iron Board Chisholm, MN January 28, 2015 Division of Lands and Minerals Promoting and Regulating Mining in Minnesota Topics • Mineral revenue and leasing • Iron Ore & Manganese on the Cuyuna Range There are 2 basic industries: Agriculture & Mining – everything else is value added John Engesser, P.E. Chemical Engineer Former Assistant Director Lands & Minerals Hibbing 3 Minnesota State Statute 93.001 Policy for promoting Mineral Development It is the policy of the state to provide for the diversification of the state’s mineral economy through long-term support of mineral exploration, evaluation, environmental research, development, production, and commercialization. Minnesota State Statute127A.31 Goal of the permanent School Fund. The DNR Administers 8.5 million acres of land of which 2.5 million is School Trust. The legislature intends that it is the goal of the permanent school fund to secure the maximum long-term economic return from the school trust lands consistent with the fiduciary responsibilities imposed by the trust relationship established in the Minnesota Constitution, with sound natural resource conservation and management principles, and with other specific policy provided in state law. Minnesota State Constitution – Article 11 The permanent school fund of the state consists of (a) the proceeds of lands granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township,… No portion of these lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale, and in the manner provided by law.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Atlas of Redwood County, Minnesota 72
    Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE REDWOOD COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS, ATLAS C-36, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE Minnesota Environment AND Natural RESOURCES Trust FUND Redwood County Harvey Thorleifson, Director as recommended by the Legislative-CitiZen Commission on Minnesota Resources, Plate 4—Quaternary Stratigraphy AND the Minnesota Legacy Amendment'S Clean Water Fund A 273769 Belview Delhi Minnesota River A' 1,100 1,050 Qth A ) A' Qa Qsw RWR-9 1,000 Qtm Qs3 Qg3 Qs3 Qs3 Qs4 QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY 950 Qsu Qg4 ! Qws RWR-10 Qws Qws Qw Qws LOCATION DIAGRAM ) Redwood Falls Qsu B' Qu ¤71 Qw ! B )19 900 Amt Qsw ) )19 Qu Amn RWR-2 Qsu Qu Qa Vesta By 850 Amg ! ¤71 Aqm )67 800 Seaforth RWR-8 ) C' Angela S. Gowan (273762) Minnesota Highway 19 Ramsey Creek 273770 Redwood River Redwood Falls Minnesota River C B B' 1,100 Qs Milroy) RWR-3 RWR-4 Morgan D' Qs Qs Qs Qa Qs ) Qs Qs Qa Lucan Wabasso 2016 Qth D ) )68 1,050 Qth Qa Qs Qsw ) RWR-5 Figure 1. Location of 57 cross sections, constructed at Qsd Qtd Qth Qs 68 Qtd Qa Qth Qsw 0.6-mile (1-kilometer) intervals, used to create a three- Qtu ! Qu Qsm ! 1,000 ! Amg Qsm Amg Ku Qtm dimensional model of the Quaternary deposits of Redwood ! Qtd Qsm Qs3 RWR-7 ! ! Qg3 Qs3 Qs4 Qs3 Qg3 ! ! ) County. The locations of cross sections A–A' through 950 Qs4 E' Qu Ku Qg4 Ku Qs3 Qg4 Qs4 Qg4 Qs4 Amt ! Qg4 E F–F' are shown here, and are also shown on Plate 3, Wanda ¤71 900 Ku Qsu Qw Surficial Geology.
    [Show full text]
  • Ride the Range
    RIDEEIGHT SCENIC TOURSTHE ON TWO RANGE WHEELS OR FOUR Vince Shute Spur Orr Ely Soudan Mines Cook & Pines Tower Tour Northern Mesabi Wild Lights Tour Tour Laurentian Extended Divide Northern Tour Lights Tour Biwabik Hoyt Mountain Lakes Iron Virginia Chisholm Aurora Hibbing Buhl Gilbert Eveleth History & Skibo Nature Heritage Tour Tour Forbes Markham Superior Silver National Bay Forest Scenic Byway Tour Two Harbors Three Seasons and Eight Scenic Rides EIGHT TOURS SUITED ESPECIALLY FOR MOTORCYCLE RIDES Surrounded by 320,000 acres of the Superior National Forest and many lakes and rivers, the Mesabi Iron Range is a special place to enjoy nature’s kaleidoscope of colors. With backdrops like the Laurentian Divide and the Superior National Forest, you’ll enjoy three seasons of stunning landscapes and breathtaking scenery all at your own pace. Traveling west in the morning or east in the evening provides the best photo opportunities. Mid-September to mid-October is generally considered fall peak season, but it will vary from year to year. We’ve chosen these eight special routes to maximize the scenic experience all across the Range. 2 Approximate Mileage: 1 102 Miles Cook Drive Time: 5 1.75 Hours – 4 Hours Route Time: Chisholm to Cook, 45 Min. Cook to Virginia, 30 Min. Virginia to Chisholm, 30 Min. Cities on Route: Chisholm, Cook, Virginia, Mountain Iron, Buhl E C 53 5 D Mountain F Virginia Iron G H Chisholm Buhl B 169 A Mines & Pines Tour DON’T MISS THESE GREAT STOPS ALONG THE WAY! BEST ATTRACTIONS: STEP BACK IN TIME: A- Minnesota Discovery Center - Chisholm F- Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Tax Guide
    Mining Tax Guide 2019 2019 Distribution of Production Tax (Based on 2018 Production Year) Total Production Tax — $103,789,847* Production Tax per taxable ton – $2.751. Taxable tonnage – 34,934,314 tons. Property Tax Department of Iron Range Cities and Townships School Districts Counties Resources & Rehabilitation Other Relief and Misc. (IRRR) $12,253,888 $19,746,967 $12,049,363 $12,576,381 $9,420,461 35.1 cpt 56.5 cpt 34.4 cpt $37,742,787 27.0 cpt 36.0 cpt 108.0 cpt City and Township Taconite School Regular Taconite Property IRRR Fund** Taconite Economic Mining & Conc Fund** $0.0343 Fund** County Fund** Tax Relief $3,481,195 Development Fund $1,958,947 $1,450,450 $7,133,755 $12,576,381 10.0 cpt $9,224,587 5.6 cpt 4.1 cpt*** 20.4 cpt 36.0 cpt 26.4 cpt IRRR Fixed Fund Regular School Township Fund $1,252,520 $0.2472 Fund** County Road and $1,174,750 3.6 cpt $9,521,706 Bridge Fund** Range Association 3.4 cpt 27.3 cpt*** $4,131,231 Iron Range Higher of Municipalities & Schools** 11.8 cpt Education Acct. $126,006 Taconite Municipal Aid** Taconite Railroad $1,746,717 0.4 cpt 5.0 cpt $5,997,930 $1,106,935 Taconite 17.2 cpt 3.2 cpt*** Railroad Producer Grant & Loan Fund Hockey $784,377 $3,007,800 Hall of Fame 2.2 cpt Taconite Railroad Building Maintenance Fund 8.6 cpt $69,868 $591,142 $1,397,372 0.2 cpt 1.7 cpt 4.0 cpt Educational Revenue Bonds $3,990,384 Mining Effects** Taconite Referendum** 11.4 cpt $1,692,584 $6,178,596 4.8 cpt 17.7 cpt Iron Range School Cons.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Duluth and Iron Range Railroad Company Depot and/or common N/A 2. Location street & number 6th St*eet off South Aveatrer N/A not for publication city, town Two Harbors N/A vicinity of state Minnesota code 22 county Lake code 075 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district X public _ X occupied agriculture X museum JL_ building(s) private unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object N/A in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military X other- community center name Lake County street & number N/A city, town Two Harbors N/A vicinity of state Minnesota 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Register of Deeds — Lake County Courthouse N/A street & number city, town Two Harbors state Minnesota 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title None has this property been determined eligible? yes X no date N/A N/A_ federal JJ/Astate N/A_ county JJ/Alocal depository for survey records Minnesota Historical Society — Fort Snelling History Center city, town St - Paul state Minnesota 55111 7. Description Condition Check one Check one x excellent deteriorated x unaltered x original site __P3Jjpbdv x '/'AU __ ruins altered moved date fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Constructed in 1907 for the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad in accordance with designs by Duluth architect Peter Olson, the Two Harbors Depot is an imposing two story brick structure with a prominent modillioned cornice and full-front (trackside) covered promenade.
    [Show full text]
  • May 4, 2021 at 4:00 P.M
    Carlton County, Minnesota Committee of the Whole Agenda CARLTON COUNTY COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE AGENDA Carlton County Transportation Building, County Board Room May 4, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. 1. Call to Order 2. Approval of Agenda 3. Approve the April 6, 2021 meeting minutes 4. COVID-19 Response update (PHHS) 5. Oldenburg House (Emily and Glenn Swanson) 6. New Business A. JAIL PROJECT UPDATE 1. FOP contract discussion B. ASSESSORS 1. County Fleet vehicles - Enterprise C. ATTORNEY’S OFFICE 1. Contract procedures D. AUDITOR/TREASURER 1. Consider appointment of new Auditor/Treasurer subject to final approval at May 11th County Board meeting 2. Approve 5/5/21 Accountant position posting with option to pull if final approval is not given at 5/11/21 Board meeting 3. Consider filling the Intermittent Election Clerk position as of 8/30/21 E. COORDINATOR/HR/PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 1. Approve Carlton County Performance Review Policy 2. Building Committee update (PM budget) 3. Carlton County Fair booth signup/information 4. Discuss significant initiatives and issues that may impact the budget policy statement and budget direction 5. Strategic Plan update (Late summer/fall planning session with facilitator) F. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1. IT Department staff replacement due to retirement and reorganization G. TRANSPORTATION 1. Monthly construction update (info only) 2. Monthly maintenance update (info only) 3. Monthly budget update (info only) 7. Other Business A. Department Updates B. The next regular meeting date is scheduled for June 1, 2021 at 4:00 p.m. located at the Carlton County Transportation Building in the Board Room.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Minnesota Mineral Producers 1962
    MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PAUL K. SIMS, Diredor Information Circular 1 DIRECTORY OF MINNESOTA MINERAL PRODUCERS 1962 UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS 1964 INTRODUCTION This Information Circular, the first of a new series, is published by the Minnesota Geological Survey to fulfill a part of its responsibility for providing information on the State's mineral resources. In this directory a mineral producer is defined as one who removed or mined mineral-bearing materials or substances other than water from their natural setting. Generally the producer processed the_mineral raw materials into a form more suitable for m<;l.rketing. The business ad­ dresses, locations of the sites of exploitation and locations of the associ­ ated plants are listed. The data in this report were obtained from many public and govern­ mental sources. We welcome additional data, corrections and suggestion~ to improve succeeding numbers of this directory. iii CONTENTS Page CLAY PRODUCTS. 2 INDUSTRIAL SILICA. • . 3 IRON MINING .......... < • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 MARL.................................................. 6 PEAT... .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .... .. .. ............. ... 7 SAND AND GRAVEL..... .. .. .. ... ..... .. ..• .•. 8 STONE - CRUSHED. 26 STONE - DIMENSION. 30 v DIRECTORY OF MINNESOTA MINERAL PRODUCERS CLAY :PRODUCTS Name and address products Pit Locations Biesanz Brick Yards Face brick, Near Winona, R. R. #1 common brick Winona County Winona, Minnesota Acolite Inc. Light-weight 2 1/ 2 TIliles SW Springfield, Minnesota a,.ggregate of Springfield, Brown County Ochs Brick and Tile Co. Face brick, 2 1/ 2 mile-s SW Springfie Id, Minne sota common brick of Springfie Id, Brown County Ochs Brick and Tile Co. Face bri-;::k, Near Morton, Springfie Id, Minne sota common brick Redwood County C. H.
    [Show full text]
  • More Than Mines Industrial Decline, Gender, and the Iron Range's Cluett
    MORE THAN MINES Industrial Decline, Gender, and the Iron Range’s Cluett, worst effects of deindustrialization confronted the Iron Range. Mines Peabody, and Company Arrow Factories, 1946–1979 shut down. Forty percent of the mining workforce lost their jobs. David LaVigne Out- migration swelled. Municipal governments struggled to function IN JANUARY 1962, an Iron Range sion reduced the mining workforce with dwindling tax revenues.1 newspaper— the Mesabi Daily from 12,000 to 4,500 employees over “Horizons Unlimited” was a News— published an annual feature the course of the 1920s and 1930s, rejoinder to these troubles. The news - entitled “Horizons Unlimited.” The when unemployment in all sectors paper proclaimed that “the future issue assessed the economic status across the region reached upwards of offers great potentialities,” and of northern Minnesota’s iron min- 10,000 people. Massive iron ore pro- cited two industries in particular ing district. While historically the duction during and immediately after as fulfilling that promise. One was nation’s most important producer of World War II temporarily restored taconite mining. Taconite was a iron ore, the region had fallen on hard jobs, but it also spurred a new crisis rock with a low iron content, but the times in recent decades. Laborsaving in the late 1950s. As high- grade ore Iron Range contained vast reserves technologies and the Great Depres- reserves neared exhaustion, the of it capable of sustaining mining 54 MINNESOTA HISTORY facing: Stitching room at the Virginia factory. This article reestablishes the importance of the Arrow factories for decades. “Horizons Unlimited” and traces their development on heralded modern technologies that the Iron Range after 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • BB2019 Ind Book.Indb
    Chapter One Minnesota in Profile Minnesota in Profile ....................................................................................................2 Vital Statistical Trends ........................................................................................3 Population ...........................................................................................................4 Education ............................................................................................................5 Employment ........................................................................................................6 Energy .................................................................................................................7 Transportation ....................................................................................................8 Agriculture ..........................................................................................................9 Exports ..............................................................................................................10 State Parks...................................................................................................................11 National Parks, Monuments and Recreation Areas ...................................................12 Diagram of State Government ...................................................................................13 Political Maps ............................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • The Lake Superior Iron Ranges: Geology and Mining
    THE LAKE SUPERIOR IRON RANGES: GEOLOGY AND MINING William F. Cannon, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192 ECONOMIC AND STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LAKE SUPERIOR IRON Currently the only source of domestic iron ore. In recent years, Lake Superior ores provided roughly 85% of U.S. demand. Annual production varies but is generally about 50 million tons of concentrate valued at about $2 billion. An iron range is an elongate belt of layered sedimentary rocks in which one or more layers consist of banded iron-formation, a rock composed of alternating iron-rich and iron-poor layers on a scale of a few centimeters. Banded iron-formation from the Gogebic Range MINING HISTORY First ore discoveries and mines: Marquette Range, Michigan: Ore discovered 1844, first ore shipment 1852 Menominee Range, Michigan: Discovered 1846, first mine 1870 Gogebic Range, Michigan and Wisconsin: discovered 1848, first mine 1884 Iron River, Michigan: discovered 1851, first mine 1881 Vermillion Range, Minnesota: discovered 1882, first mine 1884 Mesabi Range, Minnesota: discovered 1866, first mine 1890 Cuyuna Range, Minnesota: discovered 1904, first mine 1910 A BRIEF HISTORY OF MINING PHASE 1. The initial phase of mining, from discovery until the 1950’s, was for direct shipping ore (also called natural ore). These ores were pockets of high grade iron concentrations that formed within banded iron formations by leaching of silica by surface water or deeply circulating ground water. PHASE 2. Beginning in the late 1950’s a transition from direct shipping ore to taconite production began. Within a decade it supplanted direct shipping ore. Taconite is produced from metallurgically favorable parts of banded iron-formation and requires concentration and pelletizing at the mine site.
    [Show full text]