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Home , Android Runtime, Assistant (by Speaktoit), CyanogenMod, Dell Streak, MIUI, Rich Miner

ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.04,Issue.17, June-2015,

Pages:3243-3247

www.ijsetr.com

Perspectives Studies of Android Vs. Cynogen Mod with Mobile and Gadget 1 2 3 APARNA NARESH NERURKAR , JYOTI D. RAUT , R..SURYAWANSHI 1PG Scholar, Dept of MCA, A.C.Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, , Email: [email protected]. 2PG Scholar, Dept of MCA, A.C.Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Email: [email protected]. 3HOD, Dept of MCA, A.C.Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,

Abstract: With the emerging needs of the users abundance of technology has been invented to fulfill these sprouting needs of the users. Due to these plenty of inventions, technology has made its advancement in all fields. Mobiles Phones is an amazing invention of technology that has made itself a necessity in everyone‘s life. As the popularity of ‘s is increasing, the companies need to pack more interesting and attractive features and applications in upcoming devices so as to make them more interactive and user friendly for the users. For this reason, the companies have made the operating system of mobiles an open source like Android operating system. In this paper, we analyses the key features of the Android and Cynogen Mod to know its importance in some or the other field .After studying Both the operating system from history and knowing about all of its versions we have found that companies have been releasing new versions time to time to meet the needs of customers. But there have been a lot of limitations in operating system that lead to the failure. In the present scenario, mobile technology is a technology which is increasing at a fast pace. This advancement in mobile technology has impacted everyone‘s life. Nowadays various mobile technologies as well as mobile phones compete in the market. It has reduced the burden of work of a human being in some way or the other. This paper is a comparative in deep study between android and cynogen operating system.

Keywords: Cynogen, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA.

I. INTRODUCTION form of soft copy. As a boon, the use of smart phones & One of the most widely used technologies today is mobile tablets has transformed communications, entertainment. The technology. It includes several or we can say all forms of advances in mobile technology are affecting various other portable technology like laptops, palmtops, cell phones, fields also like it is playing a vital role in health care systems. personal digital assistants, wireless card payment terminals, global positioning systems. This technology is radically As an example, if a person owns a business then he is free increasing around the world day by day. This can be clearly to extend his business rather than confining it to a particular seen in our day to day life as a poor man also either posses a area. This can be seen from the previous year that with the mobile phone or has access to it. It has transformed the way increasing number of years the generations of mobile is also of doing business. Previously people use to go to banks or increasing. The generation of a mobile phone is represented offices to do their task but now they can easily do it from by ‗G‘. From 1946 to 1980, 0G i.e. the zero generation mobile phone. It can be seen that in the past few years the prevailed. This included early mobile phones which were wireless technologies is highly developed. Along with the very expensive and it could only be used in cars, trucks and exponential improvement in performance & capacity of briefcases. It had a voice call feature only. After 0G next wireless communications systems, the information can be generation came which is 1G i.e. first generation. In this easily accessed using mobile devices. In order to improve generation cellphones were analog devices which functions their infrastructure and rolling out data coverage, the mobile on AMPS/Datatac technology. Its features were voice calls networks are spending a large amount. The continuous with limited data which was somewhat higher than the advances in mobile technology is impacting everyone‘s life. previous generation. As the time passed the next digital The users are getting benefitted from the advances in mobile generation came into existence which is the 2G i.e. the technology. This is clearly visible in our day to day life. second generation cellular network. Its features were Previously, in order to mail important documents one has to somewhat enhanced than the previous generations. It had deliver it from door to door but with the advancement in voice, sms and circuit switched data features. The mobile technology one can easily sent it in few minutes in the technologies which prevailed during this period were GSM,

Copyright @ 2015 IJSETR. All rights reserved. 1 APARNA NARESH NERURKA , JYOTI D. RAUT, R.C.SURYAWANSHI iDEN, EDGE,GPRS,CDMA, TDMA and HSCSD. Out of the discovered a method to overcome this restriction, though. above technologies some belong to the 2.5G standards This method is called ‗‘. Rooting a device enables the family. user to replace the stock (the operating system that came pre-installed on phone) with a custom modified In order to intoduce new features and technologies, the firmware. A popular version of a custom modified firmware next generation was introduced i.e. . It had superior is CyanogenMod, which instantly gained popularity after its features like broadband data, voice and streaming launch in 2011 on the Android 2.3 Gingerbread. The ultimate video.Though this technology was not fully implemented. It aim of CyanogenMod is to deliver the full control of the came into light from 2004 which included technologies like device to the user. W-CDMA, 1Xev-DO. To add up some new features in the III. ANDROID OS previous version of the generation, 4G was introduced. This This is a software platform and operating system for mobile generation had high speed broadband for data and visual devices which is based on kernel and is developed by centric information which is capable of transmitting data at but later on by (OHA). Its 100mbps while moving and 1Gbs while standing still. In this native language is Java which is the officially supported paper we will try to familiarize with the Android and language. In this applications can be written in other Cynogen Mod operating systems, it‘s key features , it‘s all languages also but later on it is compiled to ARM nativecode versions, what all features were added or deleted in the Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. versions, its advantages and disadvantages. Thus, through Starting from black and white phones to recent smart phones this paper we will try to help to understand about both O.S or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially and all of its features so that anyone can select own operating for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm system wisely according to your needs and benefits. On the OS in 1996 to Windows pocket PC in 2000 then to basis of the advancement in mobile technology, the operating Blackberry OS and Android. system on which these work can be defined below along with the comparison between them:

II. CYNOGEN OS: The Cyanogen OS is an open source firmware that is built on top of the Android platform. It uses the Vanilla Android OS and introduces features and functions that are not available on the official platform. A replacement for the Android operating system, the Cyanogen OS is capable of boosting the performance of your device and helps you get rid of those annoying , adware and more. Another benefits is that it gives you periodic updates with a number of Fig2. Android. enhancements and new features. CyanogenMod is designed to increase performance and reliability over Android-based ROMs released by vendors and carriers such as Google, T- Mobile, HTC, etc. CyanogenMod also offers a variety of features & enhancements that are not currently found in these versions of Android. This Android operating system is an open source platform which can be programmed and modified to suit one‘s needs. Popular mobile carriers do not believe in providing

Fig1. Cynogen Mod. full control of the smartphone to the user. The phones are locked so that the device becomes network specific, and can be operated with certain restrictions. Developers have Fig3. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.04, IssueNo.17, June-2015, Pages: 3243-3247 Perspectives Studies of Android Vs. Cynogen Mod Operating System with Mobile and Gadget One of the most widely used mobile OS these days Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed is ANDROID. Android does a software bunch comprise not design and interface development at WebTV to develop, in only operating system but also and key Rubin's words "smarter mobile devices that are more aware applications. Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of of its owner's location and preferences. The early intentions California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and of the company were to develop an advanced operating Chris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by system for digital cameras, but when it was realized that the Google in 2005. After original release there have been market for the devices was not large enough, they diverted number of updates in the original version of Android. The their efforts to producing a smart phone operating system. Android OS is used on , netbooks and tablets, Despite the past accomplishments of the founders and early including the Streak, Galaxy Tab, TV and employees, Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing only other devices. And some research company estimated in Q2 that it was working on software for mobile phones. Google 2009 that Android had a 2.8% share of worldwide acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005, making it a smartphone shipments. By Q4 2010 it had grown to 33% of wholly owned subsidiary of Google. Key employees of the market, becoming the top-selling smartphone Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at platform. After original release there have been number of the company after the acquisition. Not much was known updates in the original version of Android about Android Inc. at the time, but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with IV. HISTORY OF CYNOGEN this move. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a As a company, Cyanogen Inc is still very new, though it is platform powered by the Linux kernel. In growing fast and making some interesting moves along the 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices—a line of way — such as teaming up with for the N1 CM edition smart phones and tablets running the Android operating and working with OnePlus to deliver CyanogenMod 11S on system, and built by a manufacturer partner. HTC the OnePlus One. It seems that it‘s not just consumers taking collaborated with Google to release the first Nexus notice of Cyanogen‘s efforts, as a new report from The Smartphone, the . Since then, Google has Information claims that Google‘s met with becomefamous for its nexus series , which includes both , Cyanogen Inc executives recently to discuss the possibility of mobile phones as well as tablets. an acquisition.Reportedly the CM team turned Google down, content to stay the course and has even discussed a Series C B. Features of Cynogen: round of funding with a few investors and tech firms, seeking CyanogenMod is among the most capable and most power- a valuation of nearly $1 billion. Considering the company is packed UI among these three as it gives user more privileges new and not exactly generating a massive revenue stream just and flexibility compared to the other two UIs. Also the yet, that might seem like a lot. Of course, the experience options of tweaking with settings and capabilities, and behind the CM team and the CyanogenMod ROM (and advanced configurations of the phone are much more doable community) is the real value for the company, not the on the CyanogenMod compared to other two UIs. But with products and partnerships it has produced during its short the strengths, there are also some weak points which include: corporate life. a steeper learning curve and un-noticed features of the CyanogenMod, which many users would never know of. The experience behind the CM team and the Cyanogen CyanogenMod is not as intuitive and simple as MiUi, which Mod ROM is the real value for the company CyanogenMod have more user-friendly interactions with the users on visual remains one of the most well-known and popular ROMs in and functional level. It best suits the users who are power- the Android world with some very big talent behind it, and so users and thrive to do more advanced changes and we could see how the addition of the CM team could customizations to their phones. It is more stable compared to potentially be of value to Google, as well as Android the MiUi and offers much more advanced controls. Summing manufacturers or even possibly Google‘s rivals. In the it up, I would say, go for stock Android for performance, meantime, Cyanogen has plans to continue expanding its stability and simplicity; go for MiUi for user-friendly reach and, according to the report, has told potential investors features and intuitiveness; and go for CyanogenMod if you it has a deal in place with MicroMax to bring CyanogenMod want to control every aspect of your phone and want more to India.With Micromax and others also pushing the Android controls with high stability. Some of features are as follows: One effort in India and other emerging markets, it remains unseen if CM has what it takes to compete in such an 1. Genuine and Enchanting UI: CyanogenMod gives a true aggressive manner against Google. The Information also Android experience. The UI is as provided by Google and is notes that Cyanogen needs to tread carefully, as they need to not altered. It has many eye-catching themes that can be ensure that their modifications (and marketing tactics) don‘t downloaded from the Play Store. The UI can be customized irk Google too much as CM still relies on in many ways, including the animations of transitions of certification. Unlike , there‘s no in-house apps and different screens. The home button also can be customized to services to fall back on if Google ever decides to fight dirty perform various actions, such as a long press to start or play and deny certification. music, turn on the flashlight, etc.

A. History of Android: 2. Multi-featured : The lock screen on Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in CyanogenMod gives the user the flexibility to put up October 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich applications such as Calendar, Contacts, Clock, etc. on the Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.04, IssueNo.17, June-2015, Pages: 3243-3247 1 APARNA NARESH NERURKA , JYOTI D. RAUT, R.C.SURYAWANSHI lock screen for easy access. The user doesn‘t need to go Telephony, , EDGE, 3G, and WiFi, Camera, GPS, through the steps of unlocking the phone and launching the Compass, and a rich Development environment. The Android desired application. platform primarily consists. 3. Incognito Mode: This feature allows the phone to protect your personal data from any ill-intended applications. With B. Applications this mode, the phone will give control to the user. It does This includes a set of core applications that come with the this by providing an option to disallow a particular Android distribution like Email Client, Messaging application from accessing the personal data on the phone application, Contacts application, browser, Web browser etc. and connecting to the internet, or making use of any native feature. C. Application Framework 4. Support – Chromecast surely has gained This layer has been designed to facilitate the reuse of ground from the day it was introduced in the market. Using components in Android. With the help of Application it, most media streaming applications need to have a Framework elements (such as, Intents, Content Providers, functionality to allow the streaming. The latest version of Views, and Managers) in Android, de- velopers can build CyanogenMod gives a generic green light to Chromecast their applications to execute on Android Kernel and inter- support for streaming audio and video from any application. operate among themselves and with existing applications.

5. Device Finder – Google already introduced the tracking system for an Android device, permitting phone tracking D. Libraries and user data wiping remotely. But the risk with this service Libraries include System C library, Surface Manager, 2D is that if the Google servers are compromised, it exposes all and 3D graphics engine, Media Codes, the SQL the user-tracking information to hackers, enabling them to SQlite and the web browser engine LibWebCore. track each and every registered user. To prevent this, CyanogenMod is planning to introduce a feature to track the E. device using an encrypted code. The browser and the device The Android runtime has two components. One is a set of will communicate in an encrypted code via a secure channel. Core libraries which provides the functions available in Java This will ensure that the entire user base will not be tracked .The other is the which operates like a in case of a server hack. between the application side and the operating system. Every Android application runs in its own process, V. ADDITIONAL FEATURES with its own feature and advantage of the Dalvik virtual Alright, so technically all of the above points could apply machine. to any of the ―pure‖ Android ROMs out there. So what makes CyanogenMod so special, besides the superb levels of F. Linux Kernel developer support? CyanogenMod isn‘t just a straight port of Android uses a modified version of Linux for core system Google‘s Android the development team is services, such as Memory Management, Process continually experimenting with and implementing its own Management, Network Stack, Driver Model and Security. software ideas to improve the default Android experience. CyanogenMod has often been on the cutting edge of Android VI. COMPARISON BETWEEN ANDROID AND innovation and some of its features have even made their way CYNOGEN MOD: into official versions of Android. CyanogenMod is a pretty 1.Cyanogenmod Provides Inbuilt Root Support customizable ROM, with enough options to tailor Android to Thus enhanced features such as ad blocking, over clocking just how you like it. For the audio enthusiasts out there, the and under clocking of CPU, moving apps to external memory built-in DSP Manager gives you plenty of control over your and many more are possible. sound. It even allows users to set up different profiles based 2. Minimum Bloatware on whether they‘re listening through headphones or the Company specific bloatware or useless apps which are handset‘s built-in speakers. CyanogenMod is available for provided by the company by default are not present in free download for any user willing to root the device. The Cyanogenmod. new developments are rolled out only after careful review of the code and testing of all the features. However, rooting a 3. Availability of Various Themes And Skin phone is not 100% successful. If some incompatibility is met, Cyanogenmod supports themes engine which enables the device could end up being dead forever. application of a large variety of themes which is not possible on stock android. A. Features of Android The Android platform is a software stack for mobile 4. Enhanced Security devices that consists of an operating system, middleware and Cyanogenmod is designed with highest security norms. key applications. Android offers many features covering the Thus a phone having official cyaogrenmod is more secure areas of application development, Internet, media, and than normal android. connectivity. These features include Application framework, Dalvik virtual machine, Integrated browser, Op- timized 5. Speed and Performance graphics, SQLite for structured data storage, Media support Perhaps one major reason why you should shift to for common audio, video, and still image formats, GSM CyanogenMod is the improvement in performance. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.04, IssueNo.17, June-2015, Pages: 3243-3247 Perspectives Studies of Android Vs. Cynogen Mod Operating System with Mobile and Gadget CyanogenMod is based on stock Android itself. There are no firmware releases by Google. Besides a very active OEM skins running on top of it, which take up precious community of developers, CM a large user base with about resources. Thus, you end up freeing additional resources one thousand installs per day since July 2010. For each which help in improving performance mobile device, the firmware base needs to be adjusted for use on said devices. 6. Latest Version of Android You can also use the latest version of Android within days . CyanogenMod isupports your device, it will provide you of the update being pushed by Google. As soon as a new with a pure, up-to-date Android experience. It‘s a way to version of Android is released, the CyanogenMod team revitalize old Android devices that manufacturers are no merges the sources with their CM branch, and then release a longer updating. From above discussion it is clear that build. Depending on how major or minor the Android OS Android Operating System follows a variety of security update is, this can take anywhere between a few hours to a mechanism. When a developer install an application a new few days. user profile with that application is created. Each application run with its own instance of Dalvik VM. So applications 7. Interface Tweaks cannot access each other‘s data. If applications want to The Interface settings screen is packed with options. You access shared data or resources then they require permissions. can tweak the status bar, quick settings panel, notification All Android applications are signed so users know that the drawer, and navigation bar. For example, you could reorder application is authentic. The signing mechanism allows the buttons on the navigation bar at the bottom of your developer to control which applications can grant access to screen, or rearrange the order of the tiles in the quick settings other application on the system panel. VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: 8. Equalizer I would gratefully and sincerely appreciate my supervisor: The DSP Manager app provides system-wide equalizer Prof. Suryawanshi Sir. Their inspiring guidance, controls you can use to adjust the sound coming from your rich experience and sustained encouragement enabled me to device, enabling bass boost, activating an equalizer, and develop an intensive understanding of my research area. selecting presets that match the music you listen to. Without the generous help of my supervisor, this work would not have been possible. I am honored to have Prof. Prof. 9. Over Clocking or Under Clocking of CPU Suryawanshi Sir from A.C.Patil College as my opponent. I Over clocking and under clocking are (custom) kernel thank him for his kind support and helpful suggestions during features and aren't related to CyanogenMod unless the the discussions in my MCA. custom kernel supports only CyanogenMod and based off ROMs. Cyanogenmod allows users to ether increase the CPU VIII. REFERENCES frequency for more powerful performance or decrease the [1] Future of android (http://news.bbc.co.uk) CPU frequency for enhanced battery life. [2] Open source os– The future of mobile (By Juniper Research) VI. CONCLUSION [3] Kamboj Gupta,(2012)―Mobile Operating Systems, Cyanogenmod makes the most out of your devices International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research, capabilities. Whereas Android ROM has only limited Volume 1, Issue 2, ISSN: 2277 – 5668, Pp 115-120 features made available to the user. CyanogenMod provides [4] Android by 2012, a study on the present and future of with an up-to-date version of Android. It‘s also a pure, stock Google‗s Android by Dotcom Infoway Android experience. CyanogenMod adds lots of their own [5] Gaurav Jindal (2012) -A Comparative Study of Mobile tweaks and a handful of apps. However, they respect Phone‗s Operating Systems, International Journal of Google‘s interface. The tweaks CyanogenMod adds don‘t Computer Applications and Information Technology , feel out of place many of them are just added to the Settings volume 1,issue 3, ISSN: 2278-7720 screen as new options. Because it dispenses with the [6] Top Smartphone Operating Systems, Shipments, and additional bloat a lot of manufacturers and carriers add, it‘s Market Share IDC(www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId =pr also very fast. The Android OS for mobile devices US 23638712). (developed by Google) is growing fast in the market of [7] A Survey of Mobile Malware in the Wild Adrienne Porter mobile operating systems. However, Google is not the only Felt, Matthew Finifter, Erika Chin, Steven Hanna, and David developer for Android-based operating systems. Short after Wagner , University of California, Berkele www.cs.berkeley. the introduction of the HTC Dream mobile phone in edu/~emc/papers/mobilemalware.pdf September 2008, the android community discovered that it [8] Number of available Android applications www.appbrain. was possible to ‗root‘ android devices, by which it was com/stats/number-of-android-apps) possible to attain privileged control within Android‘s linux [9] What Is Android ? ( Http://Developer.Android.Com) subsystem. This discovery allowed the phone‘s stock [10] Google Android: An Emerging Software Platform For firmware to be modified. CyanogenMod (CM) is a well- mobile devices Nisarg Gandhewar et al. / International known firmware, developed within the Android ecosystem. It Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE). has a very active community and has major releases about [11]Cynogen Mod:Research Proposal: A Developer‘s twice a year. CM aims to deliver the latest Android Perspective – The CyanogenMod Community within the technology as fast as possible, well before Google releases a Android Ecosystem May13,2011by Mdvanzetten. new version of the Android OS with that technology. CM claims to increase performance and reliability over official International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.04, IssueNo.17, June-2015, Pages: 3243-3247