International Data on Youth and Media 2020

Home , Television

Current surveys and research compiled by Heike vom Orde (IZI) und Dr. Alexandra Durner

Media Use, Media Ownership and Importance of Media 3

Children, Adolescents and Television 27

Reading to Children, Children’s Use of Print Media 40

Internet and Social Media 49

Adolescents and Mobile Media (Mobile Phone, Smartphone, Tablet) 91

By age of the children and adolescents 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

3-4 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 years 100 100 98 90 93 87 80 86 85 85 85 82 79 79 76 70 74 72 72 69 70 66 67 67 60 64 61 60 57 50

40 42 40 30

10 1 7 0

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds; media use and attitudes: annex 1, n=630 parents of 3- to 5-year-olds 2019, p. 28.

According to parents’ response, 0-8 years, USA, 2017 (percentages)

Smartphone (in the home) Tablet (in the home) Their own tablet

100 95 90

80 78

63 60

50 42 41 40 40

10 8 7 0 2011 2013 2017

Source: Common Sense Media: The Common Base: n=1,454 parents of 0- to 8-year-olds Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight 2017, p. 3.

New Zealand, 2020, selection (percentages)

TV 94

Smartphone 93

Computer / laptop 89

Netflix 74

Tablet 70

Game console 61

Radio 55

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Colmar Brunton: Children‘s Base: n=1,112 parents of 6- to 14-year-olds. Media Use 2020, p. 9.

13-17 years, USA, 2018, selection (percentages)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Mobile device (any) 95

Smartphone 89

Computer 61

Tablet 49

Source: Common sense: Social Media, social Base: n=1,141; 13-17 years life 2018, p. 18.

5-16 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

100

80 85

60 64

40 41

20 21

10 15

0 Computer Tablet Laptop/Notebook Desktop PC Virtual assistant (e. g. Alexa)

Source: Childwise: The monitor Base: n=2,201; 5-16 years report, 2019, Section 1.

By age, 7-19 years, France, 2017, selection (percentages)

7-12 years 13-19 years

19 Computer 68

67 Game console 69

16 TV 35

22 Smartphone 81

36 Tablet 34

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Ipsos: Junior Connect'‚ 2017. Basis: n=4,700; 1-19 years

By gender, 12-19 years, Switzerland, 2018, selection (percentages)

Boys Girls

Mobile phone 99 99 Computer/Laptop 74 72 MP3-Player/iPod 38 38 Handheld video game console 40 34 Digital camera 30 48 Internet access 49 32 Video game console 61 16 Tablet 36 33 (Hifi)Stereo 36 21 Radio 28 30 TV 39 13 Digital video camera 13 12 Fitnesstracker 15 13 Streaming-Box/-Stick (e.g. Apple 14 TV) 8 0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: ZHAW: James-Studie 2018, p. 25. Base: n=1,160; 12-19 years

According to parents’ response, 0-8 years, USA, 2017, selection (minutes/day)

100 100 90

30 29 20 25 18 10 10 1 0 Watching TV, Reading/Being Playing media Listening to Other digital Video-Chatting DVDs, or videos read to games music activities

Source: Common Sense Media: The Base: n=1,454 parents of 0- to 8-year- Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids olds Age Zero to Eight, 2017, p. 13.

13-29 years, 2015, selection (minutes/day)

TV Smartphone PC 160

140 142 136 120 126 122 124 115 114 110 100

80 87 82 75 71 60

0 Denmark Norway Finland Sweden

Source: NRK Analyse: Medienbruk i Base: n=4,000; 13-29-year-olds Norge - Oppsummeringen 2015, p. 16.

By activity and gender, 13-18 years, Japan, 2017, selection (minutes/day)

Girls Boys

60 61

49 48

40 39 37 35 30

27 25 20

0 Using messaging Visiting social Watching videos Playing games apps networking sites

Source: Robb, M. R. u a.: Parents, Teens Basis: n=1,200 parents and their kids, 13-18 years and Digital Devices in Japan 2017, p. 5.

According to parents’ response, 0-15 years, Austria, 2018, selection (percentages)

Daily Several times a week Several times a month Rarely Never

TV 38.2 23.4 8 13.6 15.9

Radio 22.4 15.3 6.3 15.4 39.4

Daily 7.3 9.3 5 11.7 65.2 Newspaper

Internet 38.2 11.3 .7,8 4.4 36.9

Social Media 19.5 2.8 2 72.4

Videos 24.8 21.5 11.6 9.9 30

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: RTR: Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Base: n=260 parents of 0- to 15-year-olds Erwachsene im VOD-Zeitalter, 2018, p. 50.

According to parents’ response, 5-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

TV set (standard and smart TV) 97

Tablet computer 76

Mobile phone 67

Internet - Desktop/Laptop/Netbook 63

Digital video recorder (DVR) 63

Game console/Games player 53

DVD-/Blu-Ray-Player 47

Radio set 26

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 24.

14-28 years, Australia, 2018, selection (percentages) ‟What percentage of your online/digital entertainment time is spent doing the following activities?“

Watching streaming video 22

Consuming social media 21

Playing games 17

Listening to music 14

Browsing information websites or apps 9

Browsing educational websites or apps 7

Using lifestyle/hobby services 4

Listening to podcasts 3

Other 3

0 5 10 15 20 25

Source: Deloitte: Media Consumer Basis: n=2.000+; 14-71+ years; the 14- to 28-year-olds Survey 2018, Australien, p. 5.

By age group, 6-17 years, Canada, 2017 (percentages) 5-7 days a week

6-8 years 9-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years 80

70 68 66 60 61 58 54 50 53 52 49 50 45 40 43 41 36 37 30 33 32 31 27 25 20 24 18 10 13 14 9 0 Use mobile Use social media Go online for Watch videos on Read books for Play games devices (text sites fun, not for YouTube fun or apps on any message or talk) school kind of electronic device

Source: Scholastic/YouGov: Kids & Family Base: n=784 children; 6-17 years Reading Report. Canadian Edition 2017, p. 21.

By gender, 12-19 years, Switzerland, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily/more than once a week

Boys Girls

98 Use a mobile phone 99 95 Use the Internet 97 86 Use Social Media 94 87 Listen to music 90 91 Watch videos online 78 69 Watch TV 69 49 Listen to the radio 47 42 Take digital pictures 52 66 Play video games 11 33 Use the tablet computer 23 20 Reading books 32 18 Make digital videos 23 22 Read a daily newspaper online 15 11 Use the computer without Internet 14 12 Read a subscription newspaper 10 0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: ZHAW: James-Studie 2018, p. 30. Base: n=1,165; 12-19 years

15-29 years, Denmark, 2018, selection (percentages)

Streaming TV content, films and clips 28

Social media 21

Streaming radio and music 13

Radio 12

TV 11

Games and gaming on the web 10

Read news on the web 3

Printed media 2

0 10 20 30 40 50

Source: DR Audience Research: Media Development 2018, p. 9. Base: DR Audience Research; 15+ years; 15- to 29-year-olds

5-15 years, UK, 2017, selection (percentages) ‟I could not do without…“

… mobile phone 29

… TV 24

… tablet 18

… game console 11

… PC/laptop 8

… books/magazines/comics 6

0 10 20 30 40

Soruce: Ofcom: Children and Parents Base: n=1,388 children und adolescents; 5-15 years 2017, p. 70.

By gender, 11-18 years, Austria 2017, selection (percentages)

Boys Girls 90

80 81 76 70

45 40 43 43 37 30 31

20 25

15 10 13 14 11 3 6 0 Smartphone Computer, TV Internet access MP3-Player, Game console Radio Laptop iPod (Playstation, X- Box, Wii ...)

Source: Oö. Jugend-Medien-Studie Base: n=500; 11-18 years 2017, p. 12.

18-29 years, 8 European countries, 2017, selection (percentages)

70 73

40 38 30 33

10 12

0 Online Television Radio Print

Source: PEW Research Center: Western Base: n=16,114; 18+; Denmark, Germany, Europeans Under 30 …, 2018, p.6. France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK; 18- to 29-year-olds

18-34 years, 5 African countries, 2017 (percentages)

Kenya Uganda Tanzania Nigeria Ghana 80

70 70.9

60 64 60.1 61.4

50 49.3 40

30 32.1 27.6 24.6 20 22.3 17.8 10 11.4 3.3 10.4 7 6.1 5.1 7.7 7 7.9 3.1 0 TV Social Media Radio Newspapers

Source: GeoPoll Straw Poll Survey Base: n=2,861; 18-34 years. 2017, p. 2.

12-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

Content most interested in/Among the top 3

Music news/Singers/Musicians 61

Sports/Sports personalities 48

Celebrities/Famous people/Actors 43

Animals or the environment 32

Science and technology 31

Serious things going on in the UK 31

Local news or events 28

Fashion and beauty 28

0 20 40 60 80

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,001; 12-15 years use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 112.

18-29 years, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden 2017, selection (percentages)

Sweden Netherlands Italy Spain

52 63 Being politically neutral 31 32

79 78 Covering all important stories 78 59

64 65 Getting the facts right 49 47

0 20 40 60 80 100

Base: Italy n=2,043; Netherlands n=2,001; Source: PEW Research Center: Western Spain n=2,011; Sweden n=1,968; 18+ years; Europeans Under 30 …, 2018, p. 25. 18- to 29-year-olds. News media: TV, Print, Radio, digital.

By age group, 2017, selection (percentages) ‟I have (a lot of) trust“

18-29 years 50+ years 80

70 72 68 60 59 57 50 49 40 41 37 30 34 34 28 28 26 20

0 Netherlands Sweden Denmark Spain Italy France

Source: PEW Research Center: Western Base: Denmark n=2,096, France n=2,011, Italy Europeans Under 30 …, 2018, p. 29. n=2,043, Netherlands n=2,001, Spain n=2,011, Sweden n=1,968; 18+ years.

France, Germany, Netherlands, 2017 Daily viewing time (minutes)

100

97 90

80 82

70 72

0 France (4-14 years) Germany (3-13 years) Netherlands (3-8 years)

Source: Eurodata TV, Stiching Kijkonderzoek (SKO), Mediametrie/Mediamat, AGF in Zusammenarbeit mit GfK; TV Scope 6.1 , Jan- Nov 2017; In: RTL Adconnect 2017.

By age group, 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (minutes/day) ‟Hours spent watching TV on a television set per day“

160 156 150 150 140 138

120

100

0 3-4 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 years

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 12. as well as Children, 8-15 years; n=630 parents of 3- to 4-year-olds.

15-24 years, New Zealand, 2016 and 2018, selection (minutes/day)

Linear TV watching Video streaming 250

200 204 192

166 150 159

100

0 2016 2018

Source: Glasshouse/NZ On Air: Where Base: 2018: n=221; 2016: n=249; 15-24 years. are the audiences 2018, p. 16.

By age group, Finland, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily TV viewing time

350

300 299

250

200 209

150

100 119

50 47 41

0 4-14 years 15-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years over 65 years

Source: Finnpanel: Television Base: TAM 4+. viewing in Finland 2018, p. 5.

By age group, 3-24 years, Finland, 2018, selection (percentages) Online viewing by device

Tablet Mobile phone PC Big screen

40 39 30 29 30 28 27 20 24

10 12 10

0 3-14 years 15-24 years

Base: Total-TV-measurement Sept-Dec 2018 Source: Finnpanel: Television viewing in (census-data source Comscore); Usage of Finland 2018, p. 17. streaming services: Yle Areena, mtv & C More, Ruutu & Ruutu+.

18-34 years, 5 African countries, 2017 (percentages) Access to video entertainment

Kenya Uganda Tanzania Nigeria Ghana 60

54.4 50 51

40 40.6 38.4

30 28.8 27.1 27.5 25.2 25.7 26 20 19.819.4 16.3 15.6 14.8 10 11.5 8.8 9.8 9.2 6.9 6.9 1.8 3.9 5.3 4.1 0 Buy DVDs Cinema Download PayTV Stream online

Source: GeoPoll Straw Poll Survey Base: n=2,861, 18-34 years. 2017, p. 4.

By age group, 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

‟Does your child ever watch any TV programmes or films via any on-demand and streaming TV and video services that you pay to receive …?“

60 58 50 49

40 44 43

30 32

0 3-4 years 5-15 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 Jahre

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds, use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 51. n=630 parents of 3- to 4-year-olds.

14-26 years, Australia, 2016, selection (percentages)

Using social networks 43

Surfing the Internet 36

SMS 31

Searching for products and offers online 22

Reading e-mails 22

Playing video games 23

Talking on the phone 18

0 10 20 30 40 50

Source: Deloitte: Media Consumer Base: n=2,000+, 14-69+ years. Survey 2016, Australien, p. 19.

By gender, 11-18 years, Austria, 2017, selection (percentages)

Boys Girls 45

40 42 40 35 35 33 33 30 32 31

25 25 25 20 22

18 15 15 10

0 Action movies Comedies Series, daily Cartoons Casting shows Sports soaps broadcasting

Source: Oö. Jugend-Medien-Studie Base: n=500, 11-18 years. 2017, p. 17.

12-19 years, Switzerland, 2016, selection (number of times mentioned)

SciFi/Fantasy, e. g. Harry Potter 901

Action/Thriller, e. g. James Bond 388

Dramas, e. g. Titanic 381

Comedies, e. g. Fack ju Göhte 349

Adventure movies, e. g. Pirates of the 80 Caribbean

Animation, e. g. Minions 75

Horror movies, e. g. Saw 48

War movies, e. g. American Sniper 48

Dance movies/Musicals, e. g. Dirty Dancing 30

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Source: Willemse, I. u. a.: JAMESfocus. Base: n=1,086, 12-19 years. Filme – Games - YouTuber 2017, p. 14.

By age group, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

5-7 years 3-4 years

65 Cartoons/animations/mini movies 80

61 Funny videos 40

32 Unboxing videos, e.g. of toys 27

43 Music videos 25

33 Game Tutorials/"walk-throughs" 22

34 "How-to" videos/tutorials 17

25 Vloggers/Youtube personalities 15

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=591 parents of 3- to 7-year-olds. use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 58.

16-29 years, Austria, 2018, selection (percentages)

Music 51.9

Entertainment 26.8

Documentaries, science 24.7

Tutorials 18.6

Gaming 13.9

Comedy 13.2

Sports 11.9

Movies 11.8

How to style, beauty tips 6.4

Politics 6.3

Vlogger 3.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Source: RTR: Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Base: n=1,060, 16+ years; 16- to 29-year-olds. Erwachsene im VOD-Zeitalter 2018, p. 82.

By region, 15-24 years, 2016, selection (percentages)

100 100 100 99 98 91 90 80 89

75 60

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics Base: UIS, more than 200 countries and 2017, p. 5. regions, 15-24 years.

According to the parents’ response, USA, selection, by age of the kids, 2018 (percentages)

"Reading aloud to children is extremly/very important.‟ "I read aloud to 5-7 days a week.‟ 100

97 95 90 93

60 60 58 50 52

40 45

36 30

20 21

7 0 0-2 years 3-5 years 6-8 years 9-11 years 12-14 years

Source: Scholastic: Kids & Family Reading Base: n=1,718 parents of 0- to 17-year-old children. Report 2018, p. 7.

By age group, Canada, selection, 2017 (percentages) 5-7 days a week

65 60

56 50

40 41

16 10

0 0-2 years 3-5 years 6-8 years 9-11 years

Source: Scholastic/YouGov: Kids & Family Base: n=1,939 parents of 0- to 17-year-olds. Reading Report. Canadian Edition 2017, p. 59.

According to parents’ response, UK, 2018, selection (percentages) “Up to what age do you think children should be read to, in order to encourage them to read themselves for fun?“

18 19 19

14 15 14 12

8 9 8 6 6 4

2 2 0 1-2 years 3-4 years 5-6 years 7-8 years 9-10 years 11-12 years 13-14 years 15-16 years

Source: Nielsen's Understanding the Children's Book Consumer 2018. In: Egmont: Children's Base: n=1,596 parents of 0- to 13-year-olds. Reading for Pleasure: Trends and challenges 2019, p. 13.

By age group, 6-17 years, Canada, 2017 (percentages)

60 58

30 30 30 27 24 20

0 total 6-8 years 9-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years

Source: Scholastic/YouGov: Kids & Family Base: n=784, 6-17 years; Children, who Reading Report. Canadian Edition 2017, p. 62. are not being read to any more.

6-17 years, USA, 2016, selection (percentages) ‟Read books for fun“

Infrequent readers (0-3 times a Month) Moderately frequent readers (1-4 days a week) Frequent readers (5-7 days a week) 100 11 90 17 28 80 38

70 42

60 43

50 45

40 45

47 20 39 27 10 17

0 6-8 years 9-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years

Source: Scholastic/YouGov: Kids & Family Base: n=1,043 children and adolescents between 6 Reading Report 2017, p. 104. and 17 years

By gender, 11-18 years, Austria, 2017, selection (percentages) ‟I like reading …“

Boys Girls 40

35 35 34 30

25 27 27 24 20

15 16 16

10 9 5 6 4 0 … very much … much … not so much … not at all … never

Source: Oö. Jugend-Medien-Studie 2017, Base: n=500, 11-18 years. p. 22.

By age group, 0-17 years, UK, 2018 (percentages) ‟(Almost) daily independent reading/looking at books“

40 39 35 35

30 32

20 20 18 15 16

0 0-2 years 3-4 years 5-7 years 8-10 years 11-13 years 14-17 years

Source: Nielsen's Understanding the Children's Book Consumer 2018. In: Egmont: Base: n=1,596 parents of 0- to 13-year- Children's Reading for Pleasure: trends and olds; n=417, 14-17 years. challenges 2019, p. 4.

By age group, 2018, selection (percentages)

18-29 years 50+ years

100 97 99 90 95 94 95 93 95 89 80

70 70 60 65 66 60 50 56 55 50 40 47 39 41 30 37

20 20 10

Base: 18+ years; Colombia n=2,487, India n=3,505, Jordan n=2,501, Kenya n=2,508, Lebanon n=2,442, Mexico n=2,220, South Africa n=2,466, Venezuela Source: Pew Research Center: Mobile Connectivity n=2,474, Vietnam n=2,500, Tunisia n=2,532; Internet, in Emerging Economies 2019, p. 30. social media and smartphone users.

By age group, 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

100 100 98 90 93

86 80

0 3-4 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 years

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds, use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 28. n=630 parents of 3- to 4-year-olds.

0-10 years, Sweden, 2018 (percentages) Daily use

80 83 81

75 70

67 67 60 61 56 50 49 49

17 10 8 0 0 years 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years

Source: Internet stiftelsen: Svenskarna Base: n=603 parents of 0- to 10-year-olds. och Internet 2018, p. 62.

9-17 years, Brazil, 2013 and 2017, selection (percentages)

2017 2013 100

90 93 90 80

50 53 53

20 25

16 10 11 3 0 Mobile phones Computers (all Televison sets Game consoles kinds)

Source: Comité Gestor da Internet no Base: n=3,102 children, 9-17 years, and their parents. Brasil – CGI.br: ICT Kids online Brazil 2017, p. 262.

By income, families with children between 0 and 8 years, USA, 2017, selection (percentages)

Lower income (less than $ 30,000 a year) Higher income more than $ 75,000 a year)

100 99 97 90 96 96

70 74 72

0 Computer Mobile device (smartphone, tablet) High-speed internet

Source: Common Sense Media: The Basis: n=1,454 families with 0- to 8-year-old children. Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight 2017, p. 29.

9-17 years, Czech Republic, 2017-2018, selection (percentages) Daily use

Girls Boys

100

80 85 82

57 50

30 32

0 Mobile phone Computer

Source: Bedrosová u. a.: EU Kids Online IV Base: n=2,825, 9-17 years. in the Czech Republic 2017-2018, p. 6.

By age group, 9-17 years, 2017, selection (percentages) Daily internet use

Mobile At home 100

90 94 90 88 89 80

70 74 71

50 48 40 44

26 20

5 0 total 9-10 years 11-12 years 13-14 years 15-17 years

Source: Mascheroni/Olafsson: Access and Base: n=1,006 children and adolescents, 9-17 years. use, risks and opportunities of the Internet for Italian children 2018, p. 1.

9-17 years, Ghana, 2017 (years)

All 12.3

15-17 years 13.8

12-14 years 12.1

9-11 years 10.6

Female 12.4

Male 12.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Source: Global Kids Online u. a.: Ghana Base: n=1,712 children and adolescents, 9-17 years. Country Report 2017, p. 34.

16-19 years, 2018, selection (percentages)

100 100 95 97 97 92 92 89 80

0 EU Denmark Poland Germany France Romania Bulgaria (28 countries)

Source: Europäische Union: Eurostat 2018. Base: EU citizens, 16-74 years.

9-17 years, Brazil, 2012 and 2017, selection (percentages)

Every day or almost every day At least once a weak

At least once a month Less than once a month

2017 88 6 3 3

2012 47 38 10 5

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Comité Gestor da Internet no Base: 2017: n=3,102 children, 9-17 years, and Brasil – CGI.br: ICT Kids online Brazil parents; 2012: n=3,160 children, 9-16 years, 2017, p. 267. and parents.

By age group, 1-19 years, France, comparison 2012 and 2017, selection (minutes/week)

2017 2012 1000 911 900

800 740 700

600

500

370 400

277 300 290

200

100 130

0 1-6 years 7-12 years 13-19 years

Source: Ipsos: Junior Connect' 2017. Base: n=4,700, 1-19 years (parents’ response of the 1- to 6-year-olds).

9-17 years, Bulgaria, 2018, selection (percentages) At least practiced weekly

Watched video clips 89

Listened to music 75

Used social networking sites 73

Played online games 73

Learned by searching online 68

Posted photos or comments online 55

Talked to distant family or friends 52

Used the Internet for schoolwork 50

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Livingstone u. a.: Is there a ladder of Base: n=1,000, 9-17 years. children's online participation. Findings from three Global Kids Online countries, 2019, p. 2.

9-17 years, Brazil, 2017, selection (percentages) Daily usage

Instant messaging 79

Watched videos, TV programs, 77 movies or TV series online

Searched for information for 76 school

Listened to music online 75

Visited social networks 73

0 25 50 75 100

Source: Comité Gestor da Internet no Base: n=3,102 children, 9-17 years, and parents. Brasil – CGI.br: ICT Kids online Brazil 2017, p. 269 ff..

9-17 years, Chile, 2018, selection (percentages) Practiced at least weekly

9-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years

81 Watched video clips 91 92

77 Played online games 62 54

65 Used the Internet for schoolwork 80 86

54 Used instant messaging 86 96

45 Learned by searching online 59 73

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Livingstone u. a.: Is there a ladder of Base: n=1,000, 9-17 years. children's online participation. Findings from three Global Kids Online countries, 2019, p. 4.

12-19 years, Switzerland, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily usage/more than once a week

Search engines 81

Social networks 51

Video platforms 45

Wikipedia 31

News websites of newspapers 25

Just surf the web 21

News platforms of TV channels 21

Streaming of movies, doucmentaries or TV 14 series

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: ZHAW: James-Studie 2018, p. 40. Base: n=1,121, 12-19 years.

By age group, 9-17 years, South Africa, 2018, selection (percentages) Practiced at least weekly

All 15-17 years 12-14 years 9-11 years

44 61 Talked online to people who are different 36 16

35 54 Looked for news online 21 12

17 26 Discussed politics online 10 7

3 6 Involved in campaign or protest 2 4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Source: Livingstone u. a.: Is there a ladder of Base: n=1,000, 9-17 years. children's online participation. Findings from three Global Kids Online countries, 2019, p. 5.

13-17 years, USA, 2012 and 2018, selection (percentages)

2012 2018

50 49

35 30 33 32

16 10 10 7 2 4 5 0 Texting In person Through social Video-Chatting Talking on the media phone

Source: Common sense: Social Media, social Base: 2018: n=1,141; 2012: n=1,030; 13-17 years. life, 2018, p. 25.

12-19 years, Switzerland, 2018 (percentages)

Look at posts of others 82

"Like" posts of others 80

Personal chatting or messaging 75

Creating posts which are being deleted after a certain 45 amount of time

Comment on posts of others 35

Creating posts for a selected audience 29

Sharing posts of others 17

Creating public posts 11

Creating posts which are not being deleted 9

Post a live-stream 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: ZHAW: James-Studie 2018, p. 50. Base: n=1,072, 12-19 years.

13-17 years, USA, 2018, selection (percentages) Often/sometimes

Things only their closest friends 50 would understand

Selfies 45

Updates on their location and 42 what they're doing

Videos the've recorded 41

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Source: Pew Research Center: Teens' Social Base: n=720, 13-17 years, Social Media users. Media Habits and Experiences 2018, p. 5.

18-29 years, 8 European countries, 2017, selection (percentages) At least daily use

70 75 74 69 68 60 65 61

50 55 50

0 France Denmark UK Germany Sweden Italy Spain Netherlands

Base: Denmark n=2,096, Germany n=1,983, Source: PEW Research Center: Western France n=2,011, Italy n=2,043, Netherlands Europeans Under 30 …, 2018, p. 13. n=2,001, Spain n=2,011, Sweden n=1,968, UK n=2,001; 18- to 29-year-olds.

15-24 years, 28 countries of the EU, 2017, selection (percentages)

The story comes from a reliable source (e.g. media, 41 brand or organisation).

You generally do not trust stories published on online 26 social networks.

The story looks well referenced. 23

You trust the person who shared it. 18

You trust the online social networks the story is 10 published on.

You generally consider that stories published on 8 online social networks are trustworthy.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Source: European Commission 2017, p. 40. Base: n=15,957 EU citizens, 15+ years, social media users.

13-17 years, USA, 2018, selection (percentages)

40 41

20 22

15 15

2 0 Snapchat Instagram Facebook Twitter

Source: Common sense: Social Media, social Base: n=1,141, 13-17 years. life, 2018, p. 17.

18-24 years, 16 countries of the Middle East, 2017, selection (percentages)

70 68 68 60

50 50 48

40 42 37 30

0 Facebook WhatsApp YouTube Instagram Snapchat Twitter

Source: Asda'a Burston-Marsteller: Arab Base: n=3,500, 18-24 years. Youth Survey 2017, p. 61.

13-19 years, France, 2017, selection (percentages)

Facebook 77

Snapchat 57

Instagram 42

Twitter 34

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Ipsos: Junior Connect' 2017. Base: n=4,700, 1-19 years, 13- to 19-year-olds.

By age group, Australia, 2018, selection (percentages)

14-28 years 29-34 years 35-51 years 52-70 years 71+ years

80 84 81 79 77 70 70

55 50 52

46 40

37 30 30 29 29 20 20 20 16 10 13 14 12 11 8 8 1 1 0 3 3 Facebook YouTube Instagram Snapchat Twitter

Source: Deloitte: Media Consumer Base: n=2,000+, 14-71+ years. Survey 2018, Australien, p. 12.

By age group, 12+ years, Sweden, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily use

Facebook Snapchat

100

90 89 80

70 73 71 72

60 63 58 50

46 40 43

20 24 25

16 10 8 5 2 1 0 0 12-15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 66-75 76+ years years years years years years years years

Source: Internet stiftelsen: Svenskarna och Base: n=3,057, 12+ years. Internet 2018, p. 50.

By age group, 8-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

‟Do you believe that all of the information you see on these sites or apps is true?“

All is true Most is true Some is true Don't know

63 12-15 years 6 24 7

54 13 8-11 years 4 28

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=261, 8-11 years; n=416, 12-15 years; use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 96. Internet and Social Media users.

By age group, 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

‟Do you ever play online games?“

100

66 60 58 50

30 31

10 13

0 3-4 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 years

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents and n=1.430 children, 5-15 use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 72. years; n=630 parents of 3- to 4-year-olds.

By age group, 9-17 years, South Africa, 2018, selection (percentages) ‟At least weekly use“

All 61

9-11 years 64

12-14 years 59

15-17 years 63

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Source: Livingstone u. a.: Is there a ladder of Base: n=1,000, 9-17 years. children's online participation. Findings from three Global Kids Online countries, 2019, p. 5.

According to parents’ response, 0-8 years, USA, 2017 (minutes/day)

40 42

30 32

20 21 20

0 Girls Boys 2-4 years 5-8 years

Source: Common Sense Media: The Common Base: n=1,454 parents with kids between 0–8 years. Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight 2017, p. 31.

9-17 years, Czech Republic, 2017-2018 (percentages) In the previous month

Daily At least every week Hardly ever Never

43 22 21 14

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Source: Bedrosová u. a.: EU Kids Online Base: n=2,825, 9-17 years. IV in the Czech Republic 2017-2018, p. 8.

Japan, 2017, selection (percentages) ‟I feel that I am addicted/my kids are addicted to mobile devices.“

According to the parents According to the adolescents

60 61

45 40

27 20

0 Adolescents/Children are addicted Parents are addicted

Source: Robb, M. R. u a.: Parents, Teens Base: n=1,200 parents and kids, 13-18 years. and Digital Devices in Japan 2017, p. 6.

13-17 years, USA, 2018 (percentages) ‟When I use social media I feel more …“

… included 71

… confident 69

… authentic 64

… outgoing 61

0 20 40 60 80

Source: Pew Research Center: Teens' Social Base: n=720, 13-17 years. Media Habits and Experiences 2018, p. 7.

13-17 years, USA, 2018 (percentages)

‟Getting lots of likes is …“

… extremely/very important

… somewhat important 55 32 … not too/not at all important

Source: Common Sense: Social Media, Base: n=1,141, 13-17 years, Social Media users. Social Life, 2018, p. 28.

13-17 years, 23 countries internationally, selection, 2017 (percentages) ‟(Almost) every time, when I communicate with other people online“

20 20 20 19 18

15 16 16 16 15 15

Source: Microsoft: Civility, Safety & Base: n=250, 13-17 years, internationally. Interaction Online 2018, p. 54.

9-17 years, Italy, 2017, selection (percentages)

‟Did you come in contact with hate speech in the last year?“

40 41

33 30 31 28 25 27

18 15

0 Total Girls Boys 11-12 years 13-14 years 15-17 years

Source: Mascheroni/Olafsson: Access and Base: n=1,006 children and adolescents, 9-17 years. use, risks and opportunities of the Internet for Italian children 2018, p. 3.

9-17 years, 5 countries in the EU, 2017/2018, selection (percentages) ‟What did you experience in the Internet last year?“

21 8 I got a virus or spyware 8 11 16

9 4 Somebody used my password to access 5 my information or to pretend to be me 2 5

7 6 Czech Republic Somebody used my personal information 4 Slovakia in a way I didn't like 5 Norway 5 Italy 10 Estonia 4 I spent too much money on in-app 8 purchases or in online games 3 5

0 5 10 15 20 25

Source: Smahel u. a.: EU Kids Online Base: 9-17 years; Czech Republic n=2,825; Survey 2019, p. 2. Estonia n=1,020; Italy n=1,006; Norway n=1,001; Slovakia n=1,018.

By age group, 9-17 years, Italy, 2017, selection (percentages)

‟I was bullied in the last year“

Bullying in general (on- and offline) Cyberbullying 14

12 12

11 10 10 10

9 8 8

7 6 6

3 2

1 0 All 9-10 years 11-12 years 13-14 years 15-17 years

Source: Mascheroni/Olafsson: Access and Base: n=1,006 children and adolescents, 9-17 years. use, risks and opportunities of the Internet for Italian children 2018, p. 3.

9-17 years, Czech Republic, 2017-2018 (percentages) ‟How many times in the last year?“

Daily or almost daily At least every week At least every month A few times Never

Boys 2 3 5 18 72

Girls 1 4 7 24 64

Total 2 3 6 21 68

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Source: Bedrosová u. a.: EU Kids Online IV Base: n=2,825, 9-17 years. in the Czech Republic 2017-2018, p. 13.

By age group, 9-17 years, Brazil, 2017, selection (percentages)

11-12 years 13-14 years 15-17 years

30 Changing privacy settings on social 61 networking websites 79

46 Checking whether information found on the 58 internet is accurate 75

80 Deleting people from their list of contacts or 92 friends 95

52 Posting videos or music they created on the 63 internet 71

45 Deactivating the geolocation function 60 72

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Comité Gestor da Internet no Brasil – Base: n=3,102 children, 9-17 years, and their parents. CGI.br: ICT Kids Online Brazil 2017 survey, p. 273.

9-17 years, Czech Republic, 2017-2018 (percentages) ‟Very true for me“, ‟It‘s not a problem for me/I know how it works“

How to remove people from my contact 91 lists

Which information I should and shouldn't 88 share online

How to save a photo that I find online 83

To change my privacy settings 75

To choose the best keywords for online 66 searches

To check if the information is true 53

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Bedrosová u. a.: EU Kids Online IV Base: n=2,825, 9-17 years. in the Czech Republic 2017-2018, p. 10.

By age group, 3-15 years, UK, 2018, selection (percentages)

100

90 87 80

40 40 30

10 1 7 0 3-4 years 5-7 years 8-11 years 12-15 years

Source: Ofcom: Children and parents media Base: n=1,430 parents of 5- to 15-year-olds, use and attitudes: annex 1, 2019, p. 28. n=630 parents of 3- to 4-year-olds.

18-29 years, 2018, selection (percentages)

100 98 90 93 90 80 79 79 70

60 60 50 56 48 40 46

0 Vietnam Colombia South Mexico Lebanon India Venezuela Kenya Jordan Africa

Base: Colombia n=2,487, India n=3,505, Jordan n=2,501, Kenya n=2,508, Lebanon n=2,442, Mexico Source: Pew Research Center: Mobile n=2,220, South Africa n=2,466, Venezuela n=2,474, Connectivity in Emerging Economies Vietnam n=2,500; 18+ years, 18- to 29-year-olds. 2019, p. 21

By age group, 2018, selection (percentages)

18-29 years 30-49 years 50+ years

80 79 80 70

67 60

50 52 46 40

37 30 33

26 20

16 10

0 South Africa Kenya Tunisia

Source: Pew Research Center: Mobile Base: Tunisia n=2,532, Kenya n=2,508, South Africa Connectivity in Emerging Economies n=2,466; 18+ years. 2019, p. 21

By age group, 0-10 years, Sweden, 2018 (percentages)

100

90 88

70 68

50 46 40 38 30

9 10 10 7 3 0 2 0 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years

Source: Internet stiftelsen: Base: n=603 parents of 0-10-year-olds. svenskarna och Internet 2018, p. 63.

By age group, 7-19 years, France, 2017, selection (percentages)

7-12 years 13-19 years

80 81

36 30 34

20 22

0 Mobile phone Tablet

Source: Ipsos: Junior Connect' 2017. Base: n=4,700 children and parents, 1-19 years, 7- to 19-years.

12-19 years, Switzerland, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily/more than once a week

Chatting (e.g. WhatsApp) 95

Using it as a watch 93

Listening to music 89

Surfing the web 89

Chatting in group chats (e.g. 89 WhatsApp)

Using social media 88

Watching videos on the internet 82

Talking on the phone 70

Using it as an alarm clock 69

Taking pictures/videos 67

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: ZHAW: James-Studie 2018, p. 67. Base: n=1,125, 12-19 years.

0-8 years, USA, 2017, selection (percentages)

Watching video clips (e.g. on YouTube) 73

Playing games 70

Using Apps 65

Watching movies/TV series 59

Reading books 28

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Source: Common Sense Media: The Common Base: n=1,454 parents with 0- to 8-year-old children. Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Age Zero to Eight 2017, p. 25.

16-19 years, 2018, selection (percentages)

120

100 99 97 94 90 88 80 84 80

0 EU Croatia Germany Finland France Bulgaria Romania (28 countries)

Source: Europäische Union: Eurostat 2018. Base: EU citizens, 16-74 years.

By age group, 0-10 years, Sweden, 2018, selection (percentages) Daily usage

45 47 46

40 41

30 31

2 0 0-1 years 2-3 years 4-5 years 6-7 years 8-10 years

Source: Internet stiftelsen: Base: n=603 parents of 0- to 10-year-olds. svenskarna och Internet 2018, p. 64.

By age group, 9-17 years, Czech Republic, 2017-2018 (percentages)

Daily At least every week At least every month Hardly ever or never

Total 84 8 2 6

9-10 years 64 18 5 13

11-12 years 83 9 3 5

13-14 years 90 4 1 5

15-17 years 95 212

0 20 40 60 80 100

Source: Bedrosová u. a.: EU Kids Online IV Base: n=2,825, 9-17 years. in the Czech Republic 2017-2018, p. 6.

18-29 years, 2018, selection (percentages) “Currently I use WhatsApp“

100 98 90 89 89 80 86

70 75

60 60 50

40 46 40 30 28 20

10 3 0 Vietnam Tunisia Colombia South Mexico Lebanon India Venezuela Kenya Jordan Africa

Base: Colombia n=2,487, India n=3,505, Jordan Source: Pew Research Center: Mobile n=2,501, Kenya n=2,508, Lebanon n=2,442, Mexico Connectivity in Emerging Economies n=2,220, South Africa n=2,466, Venezuela n=2,474, 2019, p. 25. Vietnam n=2,500; 18+ years, 18- to 29-year-olds. .

9-17 years, 2017, Ghana, selection (percentages) ‟Very true“

Total 9-11 years 12-14 years 15-17 years

32 I know how to install apps on a mobile device e.g., phone or tablet 45

13 I know how to keep track of the costs of mobile app use 15

0 20 40 60 80

Source: Global Kids Online u. a.: Ghana Base: n=2,060 children and adolescents, 9-17 Country Report 2017, p. 65. years, as well as parents.

Parents and adolescents, 13-17 years, USA, 2018 (percentages)

Adolescents Parents

54 Spend too much time on my cellphone 36

72 Check phone for messages as soon as I wake up 57

Feel my parents/my children are 51 distracted by their phone when having in-person conversations 72

0 20 40 60 80

Source: Pew Research Center: How Teens and Base: n=743, 13-17 years; n=1,058 Parents Navigate Screen Time and Device parents of 13- to 17-year-olds. Distractions 2018, p. 2.

2018, selection (percentages) ‟Did you ever check what your child is doing with its smartphone or what it watches?“

70 69

60 61 59

50 54 50 45 46 40 44

37 38 30

0 Vietnam Tunisia ColombiaSouth Africa Mexico Lebanon India Venezuela Kenya Jordan

Base: 18+ years; only parents whose children use a mobile phone. Colombia n=2,487, India n=3,505, Source: Pew Research Center: Mobile Jordan n=2,501, Kenya n=2,508, Lebanon n=2,442, Connectivity in Emerging Economies Mexico n=2,220, South Africa n=2,466, Venezuela 2019, p. 46. n=2,474, Vietnam n=2,500; 18+ years, 18- to 29- year-olds.

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