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Tesis Financiada Por La Universidad Nacional De San Antonio Abad Del Cusco UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN ANTONIO ABAD DEL CUSCO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA “VALOR DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS BOSQUES EN REGENERACIÓN PARA LA COMUNIDAD DE HERPETOFAUNA: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN LA ZONA CULTURAL DE LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA DEL MANU – MADRE DE DIOS.” Tesis presentada por: Bach: Shirley Jennifer Serrano Rojas Para optar al título profesional de: BIÓLOGO Asesora: Dra. Margot Paiva Prado Co-asesor: Dr. Andrew Whitworth CUSCO - PERÚ 2016 Tesis Financiada por la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco DEDICATORIA A mis padres, Elmer y Eliana, por todo su apoyo y exigencia para convertirme en una profesional responsable y trabajadora. i AGRADECIMIENTOS Esta tesis ha sido posible gracias al apoyo de la beca de investigación financiada por la Fundación Crees. Así mismo, al personal que labora en la estación privada de investigación Manu Learning Centre (MLC), quienes hicieron grato el tiempo que duro el trabajo de campo. A todos ellos, mi agradecimiento por las facilidades prestadas y por el soporte durante el trabajo de investigación. A la universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco y el consejo de investigación, por la beca para la culminación en la edición del presente trabajo de investigación. A los profesores de la escuela profesional de ciencias biológicas, por compartir sus conocimientos en las aulas universitarias, especialmente a la profesora Margot Paiva Prado, por su confianza, aceptación en el asesoramiento y sugerencias en la realización de esta investigación. Un especial agradecimiento a Andrew Whitworth y Jaime Villacampa, por su asesoramiento durante el desarrollo de esta investigación. Gracias por compartir conmigo sus conocimientos de herpetología, investigación en campo, análisis de datos y demás. Gracias por su exigencia, motivación y soporte. Gracias al ministerio de agricultura del Perú y al Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (SERNANP) por la autorización brindada para la ejecución de esta investigación. Un agradecimiento inmenso a todos los investigadores, voluntarios e internos de la Fundación Crees quienes colaboraron intensamente en el trabajo de campo. Sin su ayuda, esta tesis no tendría toda la información colectada. ii Índice Pág. DEDICATORIA AGRADECIMIENTOS INDICE RESUMEN .................................................................................................................................................... i INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................................... ii PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................................................................. iv OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................................. vi JUSTIFICACIÓN .......................................................................................................................................... vii HIPÓTESIS ................................................................................................................................................ viii CAPÍTULO I: MARCO TEÓRICO ....................................................... 1 1.1 ANTECEDENTES .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Del valor de conservación de los bosques en regeneración ...................................... 1 1.1.2 De la respuesta de anfibios y reptiles a la alteración del hábitat .............................. 2 1.1.3 De estudios de anfibios y reptiles en Manu/ Madre de Dios. .................................... 4 1.2 GENERALIDADES ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Biodiversidad .............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 Anfibios ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Reptiles ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.4 Valor de conservación de los bosques ..................................................................... 13 1.2.5 Bosques tropicales ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.6 Bosques primarios .................................................................................................... 13 1.2.7 Bosques de bambú ................................................................................................... 14 1.2.8 Bosques en regeneración o bosques secundarios ................................................... 14 1.2.9 Hábitat y selección de hábitat .................................................................................. 15 CAPÍTULO II: ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ................................................... 16 2.1 UBICACIÓN ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 TIPOS DE BOSQUES EN EL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO .................................................................. 16 2.3 ACCESIBILIDAD ................................................................................................................... 1 2.4 GEOGRAFÍA FÍSICA.............................................................................................................. 1 2.5 SUELOS ............................................................................................................................... 1 2.6 RECURSO HÍDRICO.............................................................................................................. 2 2.7 ZONAS DE VIDA .................................................................................................................. 2 2.8 CLIMA ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.9 FLORA ................................................................................................................................. 4 iii 2.10 FAUNA ................................................................................................................................ 5 CAPÍTULO III: MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ........................................ 6 3.1 MATERIALES ....................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Muestreo de anfibios y reptiles en el bosque en regeneración (CCR, TSR y bambú). …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 3.2.2 Muestreo y selección de hábitat de Ameerega sp. en el bosque en regeneración. 11 3.2.3 Recopilación de información referente a la riqueza de especies de anfibios y reptiles en bosques primarios. ................................................................................................. 14 3.2.4 Elaboración de una lista de especies esperadas de herpetofauna del bosque en regeneración. ........................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 ANÁLISIS DE DATOS .......................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Análisis de la herpetofauna del bosque en regeneración (CCR, TSR y bambú). ...... 16 3.3.2 Evaluación de las características de hábitat en las quebradas y su relación con la distribución y selección de hábitat de Ameerega sp. en el bosque en regeneración. ............. 21 3.3.3 Comparación de la riqueza de especies de herpetofauna presente en el bosque en regeneración y en áreas de bosque primario. ......................................................................... 24 3.3.4 Comparación entre la riqueza observada y esperada de especies de anfibios del bosque en regeneración........................................................................................................... 25 CAPÍTULO IV: RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES .................................... 26 4.1 RESULTADOS .................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Herpetofauna en los bosques en regeneración (CCR, TSR y bambú)....................... 26 4.1.2 Características estructurales de las quebradas del bosque en regeneración y su relación con la distribución y selección de hábitat de Ameerega sp. ...................................... 47 4.1.3 Comparación de la riqueza observada de la herpetofauna del bosque en regeneración con la de bosques primarios. ............................................................................. 92 4.1.4 Comparación entre la riqueza observada y la riqueza esperada de especies de anfibios del bosque en regeneración. ...................................................................................... 93 4.2 DISCUSIONES .................................................................................................................... 95 4.2.1 Respuesta de la herpetofauna en el bosque en regeneración (CCR, TSR y bambú). 95 4.2.2 Distribución y selección de hábitat de Ameerega sp. en el bosque en regeneración …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….98 4.2.3 Comparación
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