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Tulip Garden of Srinagar
Tulip garden of Srinagar March 27, 2021 In News: Asia’s largest tulip garden overlooking the famous Dal Lake in the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir was thrown open to the public on Thursday 23, 2021, marking the beginning of the new tourism season in the valley. About Tulip garden of Srinagar Formerly known as Siraj Bagh, the Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden was opened in 2008 by then chief minister of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir state Ghulam Nabi Azad. The idea of the garden, spread over 30 hectares in the foothills of snow-clad Zabarwan range. Tulip Garden Festival in Srinagar where nearly 15 lakh flowers of more than 64 varieties.Apart from tulips, many other species of flowers – hyacinths, daffodils and ranunculus have been added. Garden is built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion consisting of seven terraces. Tulip festival: Annual celebration that aims to showcase the range of flowers in the garden as a part of tourism efforts by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. It is organized during the onset of spring season in Kashmir valley. About Zabarwan Range Sub-mountain range between Pir Panjal and Great Himalayan Range. Located in the central part of the Kashmir Valley. The Highest Peak of this range is Mahadev Peak at 13,013 feet (3,966 m). The Shankaracharya Temple is built on the edge of the central part of the Zabarwan Range. Dachigam National Park: Main feature of the range.Park holds the last viable population of Kashmir stag (Hangul), Park also has the largest population of black bear in Asia. -
1962 Sino-Indian Conflict : Battle of Eastern Ladakh Agnivesh Kumar* Department of Sociology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
OPEN ACCESS Freely available online Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs Editorial 1962 Sino-Indian Conflict : Battle of Eastern Ladakh Agnivesh kumar* Department of Sociology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India. E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL protests. Later they also constructed a road from Lanak La to Kongka Pass. In the north, they had built another road, west of the Aksai Sino-Indian conflict of 1962 in Eastern Ladakh was fought in the area Chin Highway, from the Northern border to Qizil Jilga, Sumdo, between Karakoram Pass in the North to Demchok in the South East. Samzungling and Kongka Pass. The area under territorial dispute at that time was only the Aksai Chin plateau in the north east corner of Ladakh through which the Chinese In the period between 1960 and October 1962, as tension increased had constructed Western Highway linking Xinjiang Province to Lhasa. on the border, the Chinese inducted fresh troops in occupied Ladakh. The Chinese aim of initially claiming territory right upto the line – Unconfirmed reports also spoke of the presence of some tanks in Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) – Track Junction and thereafter capturing it general area of Rudok. The Chinese during this period also improved in October 1962 War was to provide depth to the Western Highway. their road communications further and even the posts opposite DBO were connected by road. The Chinese also had ample animal In Galwan – Chang Chenmo Sector, the Chinese claim line was transport based on local yaks and mules for maintenance. The horses cleverly drawn to include passes and crest line so that they have were primarily for reconnaissance parties. -
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 14 Points of Jinnah (March 9, 1929) Phase “II” of CDM
General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 1 www.teachersadda.com | www.sscadda.com | www.careerpower.in | Adda247 App General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Contents General Awareness Capsule for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................ 3 Indian Polity for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 3 Indian Economy for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ........................................................................................... 22 Geography for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .................................................................................................. 23 Ancient History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 41 Medieval History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .......................................................................................... 48 Modern History for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ............................................................................................ 58 Physics for AFCAT II 2021 Exam .........................................................................................................73 Chemistry for AFCAT II 2021 Exam.................................................................................................... 91 Biology for AFCAT II 2021 Exam ....................................................................................................... 98 Static GK for IAF AFCAT II 2021 ...................................................................................................... -
Nuclear Capability, Bargaining Power, and Conflict by Thomas M. Lafleur
Nuclear capability, bargaining power, and conflict by Thomas M. LaFleur B.A., University of Washington, 1992 M.A., University of Washington, 2003 M.M.A.S., United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2004 M.M.A.S., United States Army Command and General Staff College, 2005 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Security Studies KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2019 Abstract Traditionally, nuclear weapons status enjoyed by nuclear powers was assumed to provide a clear advantage during crisis. However, state-level nuclear capability has previously only included nuclear weapons, limiting this application to a handful of states. Current scholarship lacks a detailed examination of state-level nuclear capability to determine if greater nuclear capabilities lead to conflict success. Ignoring other nuclear capabilities that a state may possess, capabilities that could lead to nuclear weapons development, fails to account for the potential to develop nuclear weapons in the event of bargaining failure and war. In other words, I argue that nuclear capability is more than the possession of nuclear weapons, and that other nuclear technologies such as research and development and nuclear power production must be incorporated in empirical measures of state-level nuclear capabilities. I hypothesize that states with greater nuclear capability hold additional bargaining power in international crises and argue that empirical tests of the effectiveness of nuclear power on crisis bargaining must account for all state-level nuclear capabilities. This study introduces the Nuclear Capabilities Index (NCI), a six-component scale that denotes nuclear capability at the state level. -
Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the Peoples’ Republic of China on the Boundary Question
Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the Peoples’ Republic of China on the Boundary Question (Introduction & Item I till page 40) Ministry of External, Government of India 1. The Prime Minister of India and the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China met in Delhi from the 19th of April to the 25th of April 1960 to discuss certain differences relating to the border areas which had arisen between the Government of India and the Government of the People's Republic of China. The two Prime Ministers explained fully the respective stands of the two Governments and as a result, there was a better appreciation of the points of view of the two Governments. The talks, however, did not resolve the differences that had arisen and the two Prime Ministers decided that officials of the two Governments should examine the factual materials in the possession of the two Governments in support of their stands. 2. The Joint Communiqué issued on the 25th of April 1960 at the conclusion of the talks of the Prime Ministers in Delhi embodied their decisions and served as a broad directive for the official teams who were to undertake the examination envisaged by the Prime Ministers. The Joint Communiqué inter alia stated as follows: The two Prime Ministers, therefore, agreed that officials of the .two Governments should meet and examine, check and study all historical documents, records, accounts, maps and other material relevant to the boundary question, on which each side relied in support of its stand, and draw up a report for submission to the two Governments. -
A Report on Rumtek Monastery - Sikkim
Dated: 24-5-1997 Dear Shri I had sent a brief report to you on the Rumtek situation on 18.12.96. Taking into account recent developments I have carried out a more detailed assessment outlining possible options before us. I am sending herewith this assessment for your kind perusal. I am endorsing copies of this both to the DIB and the Chairman, JIC, with whom I have discussed this matter. Yours sincerely, Sd/- (K. Shreedhar Rao) Shri T.S.R. Subramanian, Cabinet Secretary, Government of India , New Delhi A REPORT ON RUMTEK MONASTERY - SIKKIM The controversy regarding the reincarnation of the seventeenth Gyalwa Karmapa has been persisting ever since 1992. Recently, the arrival of the Karmapa, recognised by the Shamar Rinpoche faction, in Kalimpong (Darjeeling District) has caused considerable apprehension among the members of the Joint Action Committee in Sikkim who have been advocating the cause of the Karmapa reincarnation in Tibet, recognised by the Tai Situ Rinpoche group. There are reports to indicate that the Joint Action Committee is planning to send a delegation to Tibet in an effort to bring the Karmapa incarnate from Tibet to Rumtek. This group is being supported by Lamas not only from the Rumtek Monastery but also reportedly by Lamas from Phudong, Ralang, and even Pemayangtse monastery even though the Pemayangtse monastery does not belong to the Karmapa sect. These developments have made it necessaary to comphrehensively assess the matter in order to develop a suitable strategy to deal with the emerging situation. Tilogaard's website: K. Shreedhar Rao's report on Rumtek www.tilogaard.dk 1 GENESIS OF THE PROBLEM On the demise of the sixteenth Karmapa in 1981, the affairs of the Rumtek monastery were managed by four regents, namely, Tai Situ Rinpoche, Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche, Tsurpu Gyaltsab Rinpoche and Shamar Rinpoche. -
Darjeeling-Sikkim Extension
38 Villa Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901 Phone: 415-381-5861 ◆ Fax: 415-367-3081 [email protected] ◆ www.originalworld.com CST Permit #2057026-40 Darjeeling-Sikkim Post-Extension Tour: September 20-25, 2021 Sep 20: Amritsar - Bagdogra – Darjeeling / The Elgin (B, D) Transfer to airport for flight AI 454 depart 06:50 / arrive 07:55 to Delhi, connecting flight AI 879 depart 11:15 / arrive 13:15 to Bagdogra. Upon arrival meet your accompanying escort and drive (90 km / 3 hours) to Darjeeling. Once the summer capital of India. The name Darjeeling is derived from 'Dorje Ling' (place of the thunderbolt). The area is stunning and quaint with its little villages, tiny waterfalls and even tinier toy train track. The tranquil environs of the surrounding hills offer a perfect setting for the tea estates and monasteries. Sep 21: Darjeeling / The Elgin (B, D) In the early dark hours of the morning, we drive one hour to Tiger Hill to see sunrise over the Himalayas. Wait with patience for an unforgettable experience of catching the black night turning lighter, suffusing with dull-red, then brilliant orange and bright gold as the sun rises over the peaks of the Kanchenjunga Range (27,500 feet). Return hotel for breakfast. Afterwards we ride the Toy Train one way to Ghoom, departing 10:40 am, arriving 11:30 am (subject to operation of the train). It is a treat to arrive at the train station sometime before the departure and watch them prepare the vintage steam engine for the journey. Only about four bogies and a vintage 1st class chair car are attached to this engine which still needs to stop mid way to fill up its tank with water and wait till it heats up enough to make steam. -
Projit Kumar Palit, Ph.D
Faculty Profile of Projit Kumar Palit DR. PROJIT KUMAR PALIT Address . Office: Professor, Department of History, Jadunath Sarkar School of Social Sciences, Assam University, Silchar – 788 011, Assam, INDIA Phone: +91-9435175241(m), +91-9401591021(m) E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Education Ph.D . , Topic on: “History of Religion in Tripura from earliest time to time up to Manikya Dynasty,” Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,2001. M.A. in Ancient Indian History, culture &Archaeology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,1991. Teaching and Research Experience Professor, Department of History, Assam University, Silchar. (Since March 2014 till today). Associate Professor, Department of History, Assam University, Silchar. Reader, Department of History, Assam University, Silchar. Lecturer, Department of History, Assam University, Silchar. Assistant Professor, Government College of Belonia, Tripura. Research Associate, Ram Krishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata. Post –Doctoral Research, Rama Krishna Mission Institute of Culture. Kolkata. Fields of Specialization Religion and cultural history of North East India. Manuscript, Art, Coin and Inscription of North East India. Tourism and Heritage management of North East India PhD. Research Supervision Awarded: Eleven Scholars Under Supervision: Five Scholars PhD. Awarded Scholars: 1. Sheik Assadujjaman, (Co Supervision) (2009), “Sufism in North East India”. 2. Shatarupa Bhattacharjee, (2010),“Cachar under Raja Govindra Chandra, 1813-1830”. 3. Kismat Sultana, (2010), “Silchar Municipality: A study of its origin and development -1882 1990”. 4. Shilpi Datta Majundar,(2010),“Concept of Espionage in KautilyaArthashastra: Its relevance to present era”. 5. Golap Saikia, (2011), “Urbanization in Early Assam, (From 5 th century CE to 12thcentury CE)”. 6. Kalpana Sen,(2014), “History of Religions in Barak Valley (From 7th Century to 1832 CE)”. -
FROM the HAIR of SHIVA to the HAIR of the PROPHET … and Other Essays
FROM THE HAIR OF SHIVA TO THE HAIR OF THE PROPHET … and other essays SAUVIK CHAKRAVERTI The soft parade has now begun, Listen to the engines hum, People out to have some fun, Cobra on my left, Leopard on my right! JIM MORRISON The Doors 2 DEDICATION To travel and travelers. And to the fond hope that, someday soon, travel in my great country will be safe, comfortable and swift. May Shubh Laabh and Shubh Yatra go together. Bon Voyage! 3 FOREWORD I am a firm believer in the social utility of enjoyable politico-economic journalism. Economists like Frederic Bastiat and Henry Hazlitt have set alight the minds of millions with the fire of freedom, not by writing dissertations, but by reaching out to lay people through jouernalism. These include dentists, engineers, architects and various other professionals who really need to know political economy in order to vote correctly, but have never had the opportunity to study it formally; or rather, in school, they have been MISTAUGHT! They are thus easily led astray by economic sophisms that justify protectionism and other damaging forms of state interference in economic life. It is for such people that I have penned this volume and I offer it to the general reading public so that they may not only enjoy the read but also appreciate the importance of Freedom: Freedom From The State. In this I have attempted to be extremely simple in my arguments – there are no ‘theories’ presented. There are also a series of travelogues which explain reality on the ground as we see it, and contrast East and West. -
With Everest on Mind, Young Hikers Sparking Adventure in Kashmir Heights in Kashmir Adventure Sparking Hikers on Mind, Young with Everest - - - AM
LAST PAGE...P.8 FRIDAY C OCTOBER-2020 KASHMIR M 23 Y SRINAGAR TODAY : MOSTLY SUNNY Contact 30 : -0194-2502327 K FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS & YOUR COPY OF Maximum : 19°c SUNSET Today 05:40 PM Minmum : 03°c SUNRISE Humidity : 41% Tommrow 06:49 AM 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal | 1442 Hijri | Vol: 23 | Issue: 241 | Pages: 08 | Price: `3 www.kashmirobserver.net twitter.com / kashmirobserver facebook.com/kashmirobserver Postal Regn: L/159/KO/SK/2014-2016 News Digest 3 BJP Workers Shot Weather To Remain PDP’s Protest March Foiled, Dry Till Nov 4: MeT Dead In Kulgam Srinagar: The Meteorological department on Thursday said Several Leaders Detained that weather will mainly remain dry till November 04 in Kashmir; Press Trust Of India there may be isolated rains from Pic courtesy Social media Pic courtesy Oct 31 to Nov 01. SRINAGAR: Several PDP lead- A Met official told news agency ers were on Thursday detained KDC that there are chances of by police as they tried to stage isolated rains on 31st Oct and 1st Nov in hilly areas, but overall a protest against the new land KO weather is likely to remain dry laws notified by the Centre for PhotoAbid Bhat Jammu and Kashmir. till November 04. Photo Abid Bhat Ko PDP leader Khursheed Alam, India Sans Kashmir party spokesman Suhail Bukhari and youth president Waheed Parra On Saudi Banknotes were among those detained by po- New Delhi: India has conveyed its lice as they came out of the party's serious concern to Saudi Arabia Srinagar office at Sher-e-Kashmir over "gross misrepresentation" Observer Monitoring Desk too and his associates Umer Rashid Municipal Park, officials said. -
MRD21 14 LEBEN Himalya-Abenteuer Ladakh.Indd 86-87
Leben Himalaja-Abenteuer Ladakh ZWISCHEN HIMMELUND Auf den Straßen im Himalaja kommt man dem Himmel besonders nahe. Doch in der kargen Einsamkeit der gewaltigen Bergwüsten von Ladakh im Norden Indiens wird man schnell wieder geerdet. Eine Motorradtour im Grenzbereich von Mensch und Maschine. Text und Fotos von Jörg Lohse 78 LEBEN 21/2014 www.motorradonline.de LEBEN 79 MMRD21_14RD21_14 LLEBENEBEN HHimalya-Abenteuerimalya-Abenteuer LLadakh.inddadakh.indd 778-798-79 006.10.20146.10.2014 115:46:215:46:21 Leben auf der Straße. Auch die Lkw-Fahrer aus Kaschmir kämpfen sich in rauchenden Tatas über die höchsten Pässe der Welt (links). Ganze Familien aus Bihar müssen dafür sorgen, dass Straßenschäden gefl ickt werden (oben). Prägt seit Jahrhunderten das Leben der Ladakhis: Ackerbau auf 3500 Metern, buddhistische Frömmigkeit (rechte Seite) Himalaja-Abenteuer Ladakh enn Leh in der Dunkelheit versinkt, kommen sie aus IM SATTEL SCHMECKT ihren Löchern gekrochen und rauben den Schlaf. Es müssen Hunderte, wenn nicht sogar Tausende WStraßenhunde sein, die Nacht für Nacht in der Haupt- stadt der indischen Region Ladakh den Ton angeben. Erst wenn DIE LUFT der Muezzin die moslemische Minderheit mitten in der Nacht über WIEDER ETWAS DICKER Lautsprecher zum Gebet ruft, weicht auch das Jaulen, Kläff en und Winseln für einen Moment andächtiger Stille. Wer es noch schaff t, stößt schnell ein Dankgebet an Aurangzeb aus. Der indische Mogul hatte nämlich im 17. Jahrhundert den Bau einer Moschee in dieser eigentlich buddhistisch geprägten Region befohlen. Und endlich fällt man in den erholsamen Schlaf. Der ist unverzichtbar, denn am nächsten Morgen ist volle Kon- zentration angesagt, um unbeschadet dem städtischen Trubel zu entkommen. -
Performance of Masonry Monastery Structures in the M 6.9 Sikkim Earthquake of 18 September, 2011: a General Overview
SAHC2014 – 9th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions F. Peña & M. Chávez (eds.) Mexico City, Mexico, 14–17 October 2014 PERFORMANCE OF MASONRY MONASTERY STRUCTURES IN THE M 6.9 SIKKIM EARTHQUAKE OF 18 SEPTEMBER, 2011: A GENERAL OVERVIEW Sutapa Joti 1, Keya Mitra 2 1 Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India e-mail: [email protected] 2 Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India [email protected] Keywords: Sikkim earthquake, Buddhist monastery, earthquake damage, masonry Abstract. Sikkim, the second smallest state in India, with a population of 540,493 [1], is located between Latitudes 27-28°N Longitudes 88-89°E, in the Himalayan arc, in between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Central Thrust (MCT) in one of the most tectonically active regions of the world. The M 6.9 Sikkim earthquake of 18 September 2011 revealed once again the vulnerabilities of the built environment in general in the highly vulnerable Himalayan region due to various reasons ranging from poor choice of location, inadequate detailing, non compliance with codes and use of vulnerable construction systems and typologies. Of particular concern is the damage to cultural heritage of the region. Many of the religious buildings, primarily Buddhist monasteries suffered varying degrees of damage from slight to partial collapse. This paper pre- sents an overview of the general performance of some Buddhist monasteries in Sikkim in the Sep- tember 18, 2011 earthquake and points to the need for urgent intervention for removal of deficiencies. Sutapa Joti, Keya Mitra 1 INTRODUCTION India is located in one of the most earthquake prone regions of the world.