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Geschiedkundige Atlas GESCHIEDKUNDIGE ATLAS VAN N EDERLAN D ...•••■•■•■■.. DE EERSTE REIZEN DER NEDERLANDERS NAAR DE OP BI JBEHOORENDE KAART AANGEDUIDE LANDEN EN EILANDEN DOOR R. POSTHUMUS MEY JES 'S-GRAVENH AGE MARTINUS :NI JHOFF 1924 GESCHIEDKUNDIGE ATLAS VAN NEDERLAND COMMISSIE VOOR DEN GESCHIEDKUNDIGEN ATLAS DR. P. J. BLOK (V oorzitter), Leiden. DR. W. A. F. BANNIER, Utrecht. DR. A. A. BEEKMAN, Den Haag. DR. H. BLINK, Den Haag. DR. H. BRUGMANS, Amsterdam. DR. I. H. GOSSES, Groningen. F. A. HOEFER, Hattem. MR. DR. J. C. OVERVOORDE, Leiden. J. C. RAMAER, C.4, Den Haag. GESCHIEDKUND1GE ATLAS VAN N EDERLAN D DE EERSTE REIZEN DER NEDERLANDERS NAAR DE OP BI JBEHOORENDE KAART AANGEDUIDE LANDEN EN EILANDEN DOOR R. POSTHUMUS MEY JES *KOMT* tit frl 0 W. N 'S-GRAVENHAGE MARTINUS NI JHOFF 1924 INHOUD Pag INLEIDING 1 A. DE REIZEN NAAR DE Ne I JSZEE, tot het vinden der NOke doorvaart naar O. Azie, 1594, 1595, 1596/7, 1609, 1611/2 en ± 1700 3 a. De reis van Nay, v. Linschoten en Barents (N.-Zembla, Kara Zee) 1594 . 3 b. Id. id. id., 1595 5 c. Id. Barents, Heemskerck en Rijp (Beeren E., Spitsbergen), 1596/7 . 8 d. Id. Hudson (met oversteek naar N. Amerika), 1609 13 e. Id. May (met id.), 1611/2 16 f. Id. Roule (Frans Jozef land) ± 1700 19 B. DE EERSTE REIS NAAR O. INDIE. — C. de Houtman (Mossel Bi, Z. A., Ma- dagascar, Java, Natal Bi, Z. A.), 1595/7 22 C. DE TWEEDE REIS NAAR O. INDIE. — v. Neck, v. Warwijck en Heemskerck (Mauritius, de Molukken) 1598/0 24 D. EENIGE DER VOLGENDE REIZEN NAAR 0. INDIA I. Tot aan de oprichting der 0.-I. Compagnie in 1602 1. Rond Z. Afrika a. C. en F. de Houtman en Lefort (Atjeh) 1598/0 27 b. v. Neck (China), Wilkens en Groesbergen (Cambodja) 1599/4 . 28 c. v. Spilbergen en Lefort (Tafelbaai, Z. A., Sofala, Ceylon) 1601/4 . 29 2. Door Straat Magalheies a. Mahu, de Cordes (Chili), de Weert (Sebalt d. W. Eiln)) en Quaker- naak (Japan) 1598/0. 30 b. v. Noort (Peru, Ladronen, Filippijnen, NW. Borneo) 1598/1 . 30 II. Na de oprichting der O. I. Compagnie in 1602 1. Rond Z. Afrika. A. Tot aan de ontdekking van Australia. a. v. d. Hagen (Mozambipue, Goa) 1603/4 32 b. van den Broek (Z.-Arabia) 1614 32 c. Hendrik Brouwer (De Zke. route door den Ind. Oc.) 1611. 33 B. Na de ontdekking van Australia. a. Hartogs met de „Eendracht" (W. Austr.) 1616 34 b. F. de Houtman en Dedel (id.) 1619. 34 c. de „Leeuwin" (ZW Pt Austr.) 1622 34 d. Thyssen en Nuyts (Z. Austr., Eiln, S. Francois en S. Pieter) 1627 . 34 e. de Witt 34 f. v. Diemen met de „Amsterdam" (E. Amsterdam) 1633 . 34 2. Door Straat Magalheles of rond Z. Amerika a. v. Spilbergen (Mexico) 1614/7 35 b. Le Maire en Schouten (Str. Le Maire, Kp. Hoorn, N.Nieuw-Guinea) 1615/16 38 c. l'Hermite en Schapenham, met de zgn. „Nassausche Vloot", 1623/5 40 d. Roggeveen (Paasch E.) 1721/2 41 e. Coertzen (Nederlandsch E) 1825 44 VIII INHOUD E. REIZEN VAN UIT 0. INDI1 1. Naar Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea en Noord-Australia. a. Jansz. met de „Duyfken" (G. v. Carpentaria, N. Austr.) 1605/6 . 45 b. Carstensz met de „Pera" en „Aernem" (id.) 1623 45 c. Pieterszn. (Melville E.) 1636 46 2. De nadere verkenning van het geheele „Zuidland" (Austr.) a. Tasman en Visscher (Tasmania, Nieuw-Zeeland, Tonga en Fidsji Ei1n) 1642 46 b. dezelfden (N. en W. Austr.) 1644 50 3. Naar Japan, de zgn. „Goud- en Zilver eil.n en Korea". a. Specx ( Japan) 1609. 52 b. Quast en Tasman (Bonin Eil.n, G. en Z. E.n) 1639 53 c. Vries met de „Castricum" (Id., Sakhalin, Kurillen) 1643 54 d. Egberts met de „Sperwer" (Korea) 1653 57 N.B. Alleen die landen en eilanden zijn achter de persoonsnamen vermeld, die toen v o o r het e e r s t door Nederlanders werden bezocht of gezien. INLEIDING Tot op het einde der 1 6e eeuw dreven de Nederlanders nagenoeg alleen handel op de kustlanden van Europa en Noord-Afrika. Omstreeks 1580 begon de vaart op Brazilie (Bahia en Pernambuco), een tiental jaren later die op de kust van Guyana, de zgn. „Wilde cust", van of de monden der Amazone tot aan den Orinoco en de Kleine Antillen, terwijl in 1593 voor het eerst de Kust van Guinea, meer in het bizonder de Goudkust, bezocht werd ; dit geschiedde door Barent Ericksz uit Enkhuizen, die met een la- ding olifantstanden en stofgoud terugkeerde. Specerijen en andere voort- brengselen van Oostersche landen werden destijds door de Nederlanders uit Portugal en Spanje aangevoerd. Maar Holland was met deze landen in oorlog en dientengevolge werden zijn schepen meermalen daar aangehou- den, de lading verbeurdverklaard en de schippers of kooplieden gevangen gezet. Om dit nu te ontgaan en zelf de groote winsten te maken, die in het bi- zonder de specerijhandel den Portugeezen opleverde, besloot men in Ne- derland rechtstreeks van hier op Indie te gaan varen. Uit den aard der zaak was wel de meest voor de hand liggende wijze waarop dit kon geschieden, de Portugeesche route om de Kaap de Goede Hoop te volgen. Ten einde hieromtrent de noodige inlichtingen in te win- nen, werd in 1592 op kosten van eenigen der voornaamste Amsterdam- sche kooplieden : Hendrick Hudde, Reynier Pauw, Jan Jansz. Kaerel e.a. een familielid van Pauw, Cornelis de Houtman, vergezeld van zijn broe- der Frederik „ter secreete informatie" naar Lissabon uitgezonden. De berichten die beiden in begin 1594 mede-brachten, waren zoo afdoende en hoopvol, dat reeds eenige maanden later, na ingewonnen advies van den bekenden Amsterdamschen predikant-geograaf Petrus Plancius, „naer verscheyden en veele communicatien eyndelyk resolutie is genomen, de navigatie ende handelinghe (op het stuck van den Oost-Indischen en Molukschen handel) in den name des Heeren te beginnen 9". De oprich- ting van de „Compagnie van Verre" door genoemde kooplieden was hier- van spoedig het gevolg en nog in hetzelfde jaar begon deze haar eerste vloot uit te rusten. 1 ) Zie Werken der „Linschoten-Vereeniging", uitgave Martinus Nijhoff, 's Gravenhage, Dl. VII, door G. P. Rouffaer en J. W. I Jzerman, p. XXXI. Geschiedkundige Atlas 1 2 Aan een andere wijze om Indie te bereiken was echter 66k de aandacht geschonken, ni. aan de zoogenaamde „Noordoostelijke doorvaart" d.i. de vaart benoorden Europa en Azie om, waardoor men hoopte eveneens in Japan, China en Indie te kunnen aankomen. En het waren deze voornemens die het eerst tot uitvoering gebracht werden, dus nog voor men de boven- genoemde Kaapsche route ging bevaren. A. DE REIZEN NAAR DE Nke I JSZEE TOT HET VINDEN DER NOKE DOORVAART NAAR O. AZIE; 1594, 1595, 1696/7, 1609 EN1611/2 1) In 1593 legde de bekende Middelburgsche koopman Balthasar de Mou- cheron, die reeds geruimen tijd op Noord-Rusland handel had gedreven, zijn plannen voor de Noordelijke vaart aan Prins Maurits en de Staten van Zeeland voor. Besprekingen met Johan van Oldenbarnevelt en de Staten van Holland volgden, en het resultaat was dat beide provincien besloten ieder een schip op hare kosten daartoe uit te zenden. De Moucheron zag zich echter genoodzaakt de leiding over te geven, doch hij verbond zich in een contract met genoemde Staten, zijn kennis van de vaart op die landen ter beschikking van de onderneming te stellen ; als contra-prestatie ont- ving hij de belofte van een som gelds of een jaarwedde voor hem en zijn nakomelingen. Op aansporing van Plancius besloot ook de Regeering van Amsterdam met een schip en een j acht aan den tocht deel te nemen ; doch waar de schepen van Holland en Zeeland zouden trachten benoorden of bezuiden het eiland Waigatch, de Kara Zee en daardoor de Noordkust van Azie te bereiken — daar bepaalde Amsterdam, ingevolge Plancius' advies, dat zijn bodems benoorden om Nova Zembla zouden gaan en eerst daarna Oostwaarts aanhouden. Na het volbrengen van de beide verschillende opdrachten of na gebleken onmogelijkheid om ze uit te voeren „sullen die voorszeide schepen malcanderen verwachten ontrent het eylandt Col- goyeue" ; aldus in de door van Oldenbarnevelt onderteekende Instruc- tie van de Staten-Generaal d.d. 16 Mei 1594. a. De refs van 1594. — Den 5en Juni zeilde de flottielje uit Texel, onder het opperbevel van Cornelis Cornelisz. Nay, schipper op het Zeeuwsche schip,die „op Moscovien als Stuerman ghebruyckt was gheweest, ende door de langhe usantie goede ervarentheyt van de Noordersche Custen ende Zee-vaert hadde". Brandt Ysbrantsz. Tetgales voerde het bevel op het door Holland uitgeruste schip, terwijl zich daar a /b beyond als com- mies de vermaarde Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 2). Het Amsterdamsche 1) Als voren. Dl. VIII, XIV en XV, uitgegeven door S. P. l'Honore Naber, voor de eizen t/m 1609; voor die van 1611/2, zie DI. I, door S. Muller Fz. 2) Reeds op 16 jar. leeftijd ging Jan Huyghen in 1579 naar Spanje, waar zijn broeders zich in Sevilla gevestigd hadden. Hier en in Lissabon bleef hij tot 1583, toen hij in Por - 4 schip, even als de andere van 50 h. 60 last (100 a. 120 ton laadvermogen) werd gecommandeerd door Willem Barents 1), aan wien tevens een vis- schersjacht van Terschelling was toegevoegd, om in twijfelachtige geval- len in het onbekende vaarwater ter verkenning voorop te zeilen. Tot aan de Noordkaap bleven de 4 schepen ingevolge de Instructie bij elkaar, maar hier gingen Nay en Barents op 19 Juni uiteen, om ieder zijn eigen opdracht uit te voeren. Nay met Tetgales stuurde Oostwaarts langs de kust van Lapland en Rusland, maakte 21 Juli halverwege de West- kust van het eiland Waigatch land en vervolgde daarop om de Zuid de reis langs den wal.
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