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Biodeteriorasi Beberapa Jenis Kayu Di Kawasan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Kayu

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Biodeteriorasi Beberapa Jenis Kayu Di Kawasan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Kayu BIODETERIORASI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DI KAWASAN MANGROVE PERCUT SEI TUAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAYU SKRIPSI Oleh: Odi Firnadi 131201176 DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara BIODETERIORASI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DI KAWASAN MANGROVE PERCUT SEI TUAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAYU SKRIPSI Oleh: Odi Firnadi 131201176 DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara BIODETERIORASI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DI KAWASAN MANGROVE PERCUT SEI TUAN SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS KAYU SKRIPSI Oleh: Odi Firnadi 131201176 Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kehutanan di Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sumatera Utara DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI HASIL HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara LEMBAR PENGESAHAN Judul : Bioeteriorasi Beberapa Jenis Kayu di Kawasan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Kayu. Nama : Odi Firnadi NIM : 131201176 Minat : Teknologi Hasil Hutan Disetujui Oleh, Disetujui Oleh, Komisi Pembimbing I: Komisi Pembimbing II: Dr. Iwan Risnasari, S.Hut., M.Si Arif Nuryawan S.Hut., M.Si., Ph.D Ketua Anggota Mengetahui, Arif Nuryawan S.Hut., M.Si., Ph.D Ketua Departemen Teknologi Hasil Hutan Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK ODI FIRNADI: Biodeteriorasi Beberapa Jenis Kayu Di Kawasan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisis Dan Mekanis Kayu. Di bawah bimbingan IWAN RISNASARI dan ARIF NURYAWAN. Informasi sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu damar (Agathis dammara),mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla),meranti (Shorea sp.) terutama keawetan kayu terhadap serangan binatang penggerek dimangrove dan modulus elastisitas belum ada sehingga penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi perubahan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu damar (Agathis dammara),mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla),meranti (Shorea sp.) setelah perendaman pada ekosistem mangrove selama 6 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM) dan pengolahan data menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Sifat mekanis kayudamar (Agathis dammara), mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), dan meranti (Shorea sp) menurun dan sifat fisis meranti (Shorea sp) meningkat. Kayu damar (Agathis dammara) memiliki sifat fisis dan mekanis yang lebih baik dibandingkan mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), dan meranti (Shorea sp). Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT ODI FIRNADI: Biodeteriorasi Several Kinds Of Wood In Mangrove Area Cigarettes As Well As Its Influence On The Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Wood. Under Academic Supervision by IWAN RISNASARI and ARIF NURYAWAN. Information on the physical properties and mechanical of damar (Agathis dammara), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), meranti (Shorea sp.) especially the durability of wood against mangrove borer attack and elastic modulus yet. The research aims to evaluate the change of physical and mechanical properties of damar (Agathis dammara), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), meranti (Shorea sp.) after immersion in mangrove ecosystem for 6 months. This research uses Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and data processing using SPSS application. The mechanical properties of damar (Agathis dammara), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), and meranti (Shorea sp) decreased and the physical properties of meranti (Shorea sp) increased. Damar (Agathis dammara) has better physical and mechanical properties than mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), and meranti (Shorea sp). Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah swt atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan hasil penelitian ini. Adapun judul penelitian ini adalah “Biodeteriorasi Beberapa Jenis Kayu di Kawasan Mangrove Percut Sei Tuan serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Kayu”. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Dr. Iwan Risnasari, S.Hut., M.Si. dan Bapak Arif Nuryawan, S.Hut., M.Si., Ph.D selaku komisi pembimbing yang telah memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan dalam penulisan hasil penelitian ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan hasil penelitian ini masih terdapat kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun diharapkan oleh penulis. Medan, Januari 2018 Penulis Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................ ii DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................ iii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................ iv PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................... 4 Manfaat penelitian .................................................................... 4 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Deskripsi perairan mangrove Percut Sei Tuan............................ 5 Botani Tanaman Mahoni .......................................................... 5 Botani Tanaman Meranti .......................................................... 6 Botani Tanaman Damar ............................................................ 7 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis .................. 8 Deskripsi Penggerek Dilaut ...................................................... 10 METODE PENELITIAN Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................... 15 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ......................................................... 15 Persiapan Bahan Baku .............................................................. 15 Pengujian Sifat Fisis ................................................................. 17 Pengujian Sifat Mekanis ........................................................... 18 Analisis Data ............................................................................ 19 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pengujian Sifat Fisis ................................................................. 20 Kadar Air ................................................................................. 20 Kerapatan................................................................................. 21 Berat Jenis ............................................................................... 23 Modulus of Elasticity ................................................................ 26 Modulus of Repture .................................................................. 29 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Halaman 1. Kelas Kuat Kayu Berdasarkan MOE ( Modulus of Elasticity) ....... 25 2. Evaluasi Kelas Kekuatan Kayu Berdasarkan PKKI NI 5-1961 ..... 30 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Halaman 1. Contoh Uji Ketahanan terhadap Serangan Organisme di Mangrove ... 16 2. Skema Rangkaian Contoh Uji dalam Proses Perendaman .................. 16 3. Grafik Rata-rata Nilai Kadar Air Kayu Mahoni, Meranti, Damar ...... 20 4. Nilai Rata-rata Kerapatan Kayu Mahoni, Meranti, Damar ................. 21 5. Nilai Rata-rata Berat Jenis Kayu Mahoni, Meranti, Damar ................ 23 6. Grafik Rata-rata Modulus of Elasticity ............................................. 26 7. Sampel Uji Sifat Mekanis Kayu Meranti Perlakuan ........................... 26 8. Sampel Uji Sifat Mekanis Kayu Damar Perlakuan ............................. 26 9. Sampel Uji Sifat Mekanis Kayu Mahoni Perlakuan ........................... 27 10. Nilai Rata-rata Modulus of Rupture ................................................ 29 Universitas Sumatera Utara PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Dewasa ini permintaan akan penggunaan kayu sebagai bahan bangunan terus meningkat. Hal ini tidak seimbang dengan pasokan kayu yang ada di hutan. Kondisi hutan yang ada sekarang ini sulit untuk memenuhi peningkatan permintaan kebutuhan kayu tersebut. Akibat berkurangnya ketersediaan kayu, salah satu usaha yang banyak dilakukan masyarakat adalah memanfaatkan kayu perkebunan atau kayu hutan rakyat sebagai kayu pengganti. Data potensi dan luas hutan rakyat di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 39.416.557,5m3 dengan luas 1.568.415,6 ha (Wardana, 2005). Tersedianya kayu rakyat ini, diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk mengurangi tekanan terhadap hutan alam sebagai sumber pemasok kayu. Sebagian besar jenis kayu di Indonesia memiliki tingkat keawetan yang rendah, menurut Duljapar (1996), saat ini di Indonesia tercatat ± 4000 jenis kayu yang tersebar diseluruh Nusantara, 15-20 % dari jumlah tersebut termasuk jenis kayu dengan keawetan tinggi (kelas I dan II) dan 80-85 % sisanya adalah jenis kayu dengan keawetan yang rendah (kelas awet III, IV dan V) sehingga jenis kayu yang termasuk dalam kelas awet III-1V, dapat diperpanjang umur pemakaiannya melalui proses pengawetan. Keawetan suatu jenis kayu ditentukan oleh berbagai hal antara lain lokasi dimana kayu tersebut dipergunakan. Sebagai contoh, jenis kayu yang sama yang dipakai di darat dan di laut memiliki keawetan yang berbeda. Perbedaan ini terjadi karena jenis oganisme yang menyerangnya berlainan.Kerusakan bangunan pantai dan kapal juga disebabkan adanya serangan binatang laut atau organisme penempel Universitas Sumatera Utara (biofouling) pada bagian lambung kapal. Teritip (Balanus sp.) merupakan biota avertebrata yang menempel pada kayu dan benda-benda keras
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