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Sunflower: a Comparative Study of the Development of Road Safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands

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Sunflower: a Comparative Study of the Development of Road Safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands SUNflower: A comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands Matthijs Koornstra (SWOV), David Lynam (TRL), Göran Nilsson (VTI), Piet Noordzij (SWOV), Hans-Erik Pettersson (VTI), Fred Wegman (SWOV), and Peter Wouters (SWOV) SWOV SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, The Netherlands TRL Transport Research Laboratory, United Kingdom VTI National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden Report documentation Title: SUNflower: a comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands Authors: Matthijs Koornstra (SWOV), David Lynam (TRL), Göran Nilsson (VTI), Piet Noordzij (SWOV), Hans-Erik Petterson (VTI), Fred Wegman (SWOV) and Peter Wouters (SWOV) Keywords: Safety, policy, traffic, injury, fatality, road user, transport mode, collision, statistics, drunkenness, safety belt, road network, accident rate, trend (stat), development, evaluation (assessment), Sweden, United Kingdom, Netherlands. Number of pages: X + 128 + 19 Price: € 30,- Published by: SWOV, Leidschendam, 2002 ISBN 90-801008-9-7 NUR 976 SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research P.O. Box 1090 2290 BB Leidschendam The Netherlands Telephone +31 70 317 33 33 Telefax +31 70 320 12 61 Foreword Although the traffic safety records of Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are the best among the countries of the European Union, their accident toll is still unacceptably high. New ways for further improvement have to be, and are being sought, to further reduce casualties in these countries. Interestingly, the strategies, which have produced the relatively good results, are quite different in these three countries. So, the question arose as to what exactly made them work in coping with the traffic safety problem. And further, if specific beneficial patterns or underlying concepts can be determined, is it then possible to interchange them. A better insight into the development of policies and programmes in these countries might conceivably identify key factors, which could further improve current safety practice in each of them. Moreover, it might offer guidance for remedial action in other countries of the European Union, applicant states, and other countries as well. Learning from each other and putting that learning into practice, is an indispensable part of gaining maximum improvement in safety. Such improvement should be given high priority, considering that each year more than 40,000 citizens of the European Union continue to meet premature deaths on our roads. Moreover, ideas are in progress to come up with a quantitative target to reduce the number of fatalities by 50% in the European Union in ten years time. In this context, a study was carried out to assess the background to the safety strategies of Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands: the SUN countries. The results of this study are of special value in the progress of development of the safety programmes of the three countries. The methodology of the study has been designed in such a way that it can be used as a basis for comparative studies among other Member States. The study was performed by a team of researchers from three institutes: respectively the Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) from the United Kingdom, and the SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research in the Netherlands. All three institutes are well-known and have an outstanding reputation in the field of road safety research. This is the place to thank all my co-authors of this report: Göran Nilsson and Hans-Erik Petterson from Sweden, David Lynam and Jeremy Broughton from the United Kingdom and Matthijs Koornstra, Piet Noordzij and Peter Wouters from the Netherlands. Their task to compile this report was a very challenging one and turned out to be a complicated one. But their craftsmanship, their deep knowledge and understanding of the road safety problem, their dedication and motivation, their endless efforts to draft and redraft texts and to respond to critical comments from the other group members, resulted in this groundbreaking report. I would like to thank especially my former SWOV colleagues Matthijs Koornstra and Piet Noordzij, who carried out a part of the difficult task of our group. I gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the members of our Advisory Panel (Appendix D). From a distance they gave valuable reactions on drafts of this text and, without any doubts, their insight and support improved the quality of the final report. I am grateful for the financial support provided by DG TREN of the European Commission and of the Swedish National Road Administration, the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions from the UK and the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management from the Netherlands. May I express my wish that this report will be used as a model and trigger for further comparable studies in this field and in this way contribute to a further reduction of the number of casualties on our roads. Fred Wegman I II Content Foreword .................................................................................................................... I Content ..................................................................................................................... III Executive summary................................................................................................VII 1. Objectives and methodology of the study................................................. 1 1.1. The objectives of the comparative study........................................................ 1 1.2. The methodological approach........................................................................ 2 1.3. Overview of chapter contents......................................................................... 6 1.4. The potential usefulness of the study............................................................. 7 2. Road safety policy and organisation and the traffic background........... 9 2.1. Historical overview of main national policies.................................................. 9 2.1.1. Sweden............................................................................................. 9 2.1.2. Great Britain ................................................................................... 10 2.1.3. The Netherlands............................................................................. 12 2.2. The national traffic safety organisations for road safety .............................. 15 2.2.1. Sweden........................................................................................... 15 2.2.2. United Kingdom.............................................................................. 17 2.2.3. The Netherlands............................................................................. 18 2.3. The common and different policy and organisational features .................... 20 2.4. The transport background ............................................................................ 22 2.5. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 24 3. The traffic safety situations in the SUN countries for 2000................... 26 3.1. Road users and fatalities.............................................................................. 28 3.2. Age groups and road user groups................................................................ 32 3.3. Road user rates ............................................................................................ 36 3.4. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 40 4. Drinking and driving................................................................................... 41 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 41 4.2. Drinking and driving in SUN countries ......................................................... 41 4.2.1. Sweden........................................................................................... 41 4.2.2. United Kingdom.............................................................................. 44 4.2.3. The Netherlands............................................................................. 46 4.3. Comparison between SUN countries ........................................................... 48 4.3.1. Countermeasures........................................................................... 48 4.3.2. Extent of the problem ..................................................................... 49 4.3.3. Conclusions.................................................................................... 52 5. Seat belts..................................................................................................... 55 5.1. Legislation..................................................................................................... 55 5.1.1. Sweden........................................................................................... 55 5.1.2. United Kingdom.............................................................................. 55 5.1.3. The Netherlands............................................................................. 56 III 5.2. Seat belt use................................................................................................. 56 5.3. Publicity campaigns.....................................................................................
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