SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Monthly Jun e 2011 31 May 2011 This report is available online and can beFORECAST viewed together with Update Reports on developments during the month at www.securitycouncilreport.org OVERVIEW FOR june Gabon has the presidency of the Council Consultations and decisions on the future in June. of UNMIS seem likely. There will also be CONTENTS OF THIS ISSUE Status Update since our briefings on Sudan from the ICC prosecutor A number of debates are planned. A high- May Forecast...... 2 (followed by a private meeting) and level open debate on HIV/AIDS is planned South Sudan...... 4 from the Sudan Sanctions Committee (in early in the month. And another thematic Libya...... 5 informal consultations). debate, on small arms and drug traffick- Sudan/Darfur...... 7 ing, seems likely later in the month. On the DRC, a briefing by the Special HIV/AIDS...... 8 Representative of the Secretary-General, Drug Trafficking and Another major feature in June could be a a meeting in informal consultations and Small Arms...... 10 private meeting to consider a recommen- a meeting with troop contributors are Counterterrorism: dation from the Security Council expected, along with the adoption of a 1267 Committee...... 11 regarding the reappointment of the resolution on the renewal of MONUSCO. Côte d’Ivoire...... 12 Secretary-General. A briefing in informal consultations on the Democratic Republic of the Congo...... 13 A debate is also planned on the Interna- DRC Sanctions Committee is also anticipated. UNDOF (Golan Heights)...... 15 tional Tribunals. Two other peacekeeping missions are Somalia...... 17 There will be a debate on the counterter- scheduled for review and renewal— Iran...... 18 rorism machinery in the context of UNDOF (monitoring the Syria/Israel) DPRK (North Korea)...... 20 the renewal of the mandates for the ceasefire line and UNFICYP (monitoring Iraq...... 21 Ombudsperson and the monitoring the peace in Cyprus). Briefings in informal Cyprus...... 22 team assisting the Taliban/Al Qaeda consultations and meetings with troop Central African Republic...... 23 Sanctions Committee established under contributors are expected on both situations. Guinea-Bissau...... 25 resolution 1267. International Criminal Tribunals....26 On Somalia, there will be a briefing by Notable Dates...... 28 Sudan will be a major focus during the the UK on the meetings of the Security Important Dates over the month. The US and Russia will brief on the Council delegation held in Nairobi with Horizon...... 28 visit of the Council delegation to Sudan. >>page 2

Aide-Memoire

Important matters pending include: n On 28 May 2010 in resolution 1925 on 2009. Vijay Nambiar, the Secretary- n Resolution 1944 (14 October 2010) called the mandate of MONUSCO, the opera- General’s Chef de Cabinet, took on the on the Secretary-General to conduct a tion in the DRC, the Council requested position of Special Advisor to the comprehensive assessment of the the Secretary-General to elaborate the Secretary-General on Myanmar in what security environment following the concept of operation and rules of was expected to be temporary role. election and transfer of power to a new engagement of MONUSCO, in line with n The Secretary-General’s Advisory Haitian government in 2011. The inaugu- the resolution, and to report back to the Committee on the Prevention of ration of the new Haitian president, Council and the TCCs. The Secretary- Genocide has been dormant since Michel Martelly, took place on 14 May General has yet to report back to the 2008 when it held its last meeting. after a lengthy and delayed electoral Council and the TCCs on this issue. n Resolution 1904 in December 2009 process. It is unclear when the Secretary- n The position of Special Envoy for indicated that the expert groups assisting General’s comprehensive assessment Myanmar has not been filled since the three counterterrorism committees will be concluded. Ibrahim Gambari left the post in January (the 1267 Committee on Al-Qaida and >>page 2

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 1 OVERVIEW FOR june (continued) Somali leaders and later in the month there The AU/UN relationship will also be a East (which will be preceded by the usual will be a briefing on the Secretary-General’s feature of a briefing mid-month on the public briefing); expected report on piracy. expected report from the Secretary-General n Iraq/Kuwait; and on options for providing support to AU n Guinea Bissau (preceded by a public Libya is likely to be discussed in several peacekeeping efforts. briefing). briefings and consultations including the briefing by South Africa and France on Resolutions are expected to be adopted Reports on Central African Republic, on the meeting in Addis Ababa between the renewing the mandates of the panels of Liberia (from the panel of experts) and on Council delegation and the AU Peace and experts assisting the sanctions committees the temporary redeployment of UNMIL Security Council. Other African issues may on DPRK and Iran, and the Iran Sanctions reserves to Côte d’Ivoire will be before the be covered in that briefing, as well as the Committee chair will also brief the Council. Council. (The authorisation for the latter developing relationship between the AU expires on 30 June.) At press time it was Consultations are expected on: PSC and the Security Council. unclear what discussions on these issues n the monthly DPA briefing; will be scheduled. n the monthly discussion on the Middle

Aide-Memoire (continued)

Taliban sanctions, the 1373 Committee or n The mandate to the Secretary-General their frequency. The last report, released CTC, and the 1540 Committee on weap- to assist with the delineation of the in July 2010, covered the period from ons of mass destruction) should be international borders of Lebanon, 1 July to 31 December 2009. co-located and asked the Secretary- especially Sheb’a Farms, in accordance n The request in resolution 1460 on General make the necessary with resolution 1701, continues to Children and Armed Conflict that all the arrangements “as soon as possible.” await completion. Secretary-General’s reports to the This request, reiterated in September n On 11 November 2009 in resolution 1894 Council on country-specific situations 2010 (S/PRST/2010/19), is still outstanding. on protection of civilians, the Council include the protection of children is not n The December 2004 report by the requested the Secretary-General to yet implemented. In 2009 protection of Secretary-General on human rights viola- develop guidance for UN operations and children elements had been incorporated tions in Côte d’Ivoire, requested in a other relevant missions on reporting for into only half of the relevant country- May 2004 presidential statement (S/ enhancing the Council’s monitoring and specific reports. PRST/2004/17), was never made public. oversight. There has been no report back n The Council requested the Secretariat on Also on Côte d’Ivoire, the December 2005 to the Council on this. 21 November 2006 (S/2006/928) to report by the Secretary-General’s Special n UNAMI reports on human rights in Iraq, update the index to Council notes and Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide in the past were produced every two to statements on working methods. This has not been published. three months. They have decreased in has not been published.

Status Update since our May Forecast n Terrorism: On 2 May, the Council issued from the crisis in Syria. implementation of its recommendations. a presidential statement (S/PRST/2011/9) n Bosnia and Herzegovina: On 9 May, n Kosovo: On 12 May, head of UNMIK welcoming the news that Osama bin High Representative Valentin Inzko Lamberto Zannier briefed (S/PV.6534) Laden “will never again be able to briefed (S/PV.6529) the Council on the the Council on the situation in Kosovo. perpetrate” acts of terrorism. The state- situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He said that the EU-mediated talks ment reaffirmed the importance of all Inzko said that with political parties between Kosovo and Serbia were previous Council resolutions on terrorism employing zero-sum politics, state-level crucial to resolving problems hampering and reiterated that terrorism should not legislative processes were at a standstill development. He stated that he sup- be associated with any religion, national- and the country is facing the most ported the call by the Council of Europe’s ity or group. serious and most direct challenges to Parliamentary Assembly for a thorough, n Lebanon: On 6 May, Special Envoy Terje the Dayton-Paris Peace Agreement since impartial and independent investigation Rød-Larsen briefed Council members it was signed over 15 years ago. into allegations of inhumane treatment on the Secretary-General’s report on n Protection of Civilians: On 10 May, the of people and illicit trafficking of human the implementation of resolution 1559 Council held a debate on protection of organs in Kosovo and said that “UNMIK (S/2011/258). The discussion in civilians in armed conflict (S/PV.6531 and remains fully available to cooperate with consultations focused on the ongoing Res. 1). The situations in Côte d’Ivoire, such an investigation”. disarmament challenge and related Libya and Syria were addressed by many n Peacebuilding: Civilian Capacity Review: border security issues, the lack of of the more than 40 speakers. Some On 12 May, the former head of UN peace- government formation in Lebanon, devel- welcomed the recent report of the keeping, Jean-Marie Guéhenno, briefed opments in the Special Tribunal for Secretary-General’s panel of experts on the Council on the independent review Lebanon and possible spillover effects accountability in Sri Lanka and called for of UN civilian capacity for deployment in

2 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Status Update since our May Forecast (continued)

the immediate aftermath of conflict (S/ Omer during a briefing by the Depart- already established with other key stake- PV.6533). Guéhenno had chaired the ment of Political Affairs on emerging holders. He also told Council members independent senior advisory group that issues. Bin Omar briefed on the Gulf that although small steps had been undertook the review (S/2011/85). The head Cooperation Council (GCC) initiative taken with regard to releasing political of the UN department of field support, there. As it had previously in April, Ger- prisoners and reducing sentences, the Susana Malcorra, and the Chairman of the many proposed elements to the press measures fell short of expectations and Peacebuilding Commission, Rwandan expressing concern at the political crisis were insufficient. Council members were Ambassador Eugène-Richard Gasana, and support for GCC mediation. It seems also briefed on Nambiar’s meetings with also briefed the Council. Malcorra said Russia opposed the initiative again. On Aung San Suu Kyi, opposition and ethnic she is working on recommendations for 22 May, Yemeni President Ali Abdullah nationality groups and civil society. the Secretary-General to present to the Saleh again refused to sign the GCC n Security Council Mission to Africa: General Assembly and Security Council initiative which would see him leave Members of the Council visited Africa in September or October. power within thirty days in exchange for from 20 to 25 May. The first leg of the n Chad: On 13 May, Council members immunity. At press time, media reports mission, in Addis Ababa, was mostly were briefed by Humanitarian Affairs and indicated gun battles in Sanaa between spent on the annual consultation with the Emergency Relief Coordinator, Valerie Saleh and his main rival Sheikh Sadiq AU’s Peace and Security Council (PSC), Amos, on the protection of civilians in al-Ahmar that have left 68 dead since though the Council also met with Ethio- Chad (S/2011/278). She said that the 31 Monday, 23 May. pian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. As December 2010 withdrawal of MINUR- n Burundi: On 17 May, the Special Repre- reflected in the communiqué, the meet- CAT so far does not appear to have sentative of the Secretary-General and ing with the PSC was largely focused on adversely affected security in eastern Chad. Head of the UN Office in Burundi (BNUB) Libya, Somalia, Côte d’Ivoire and Sudan. Amos cited better bilateral relations briefed the Council (S/PV.6538). She told The institutional relationship between the between Chad and Sudan, the deployment the Council that the situation in the two bodies was also discussed. of a Chad-Sudan joint border force and an country remained generally calm, and In Sudan, stops had been planned in increase in security personnel in displaced that new laws have been adopted on the Khartoum, Abyei and Juba. But the attack persons camps as contributing factors. functioning of political parties and also on Abyei by the Sudanese Armed Forces n Thailand/Cambodia: On 17 May, the for non-parliamentary opposition parties. and the subsequent takeover of the area Under-Secretary-General for Political She also noted that the government was by the government of Sudan disrupted Affairs, B. Lynn Pascoe, briefed Council preparing its second poverty reduction the plan. Abyei became the focus of most members in consultations on the situa- strategy paper which will incorporate of the meetings in Sudan. A strongly tion on the Thai/Cambodian border. This elements of the strategic framework laid worded press statement was issued on followed ten days of armed clashes in out by the Peacebuilding Commission. 22 May, condemning the attack. In Khar- late April between the militaries of But she also noted with concern continu- toum, on 22 May, Council members were Thailand and Cambodia along their ing instances of extrajudicial killings, snubbed twice by top government offi- disputed border resulting in 18 deaths corruption and Burundi’s lack of self- cials. Sudan’s foreign minister cancelled (including one civilian) and the displace- sufficiency in food production caused at a short notice. His deputy Amir Hasan ment of tens of thousands. Pascoe by land erosion. Omar attended instead. A meeting with updated the Council on the obstacles to n Middle East: On 19 May, UN Special Vice President Osman Taha was also the deployment of Indonesian monitors Coordinator Robert Serry briefed the cancelled at a short notice. In Khartoum, to the disputed area. The deployment Security Council at its regular monthly members also met with UNAMID officials had been agreed by the two countries meeting followed by consultations (S.PV/ and with former South African President in February, but since blocked by the 6540). Serry told the Council that there Thabo Mbeki who is engaged in a number Thai military. was no credible initiative underway to of mediation efforts concerning Sudan. n DPRK: On 17 May the chair of the resolve the impasse in the Israeli/Pales- In Juba, South Sudan, on 23-24 May, Committee on DPRK sanctions briefed tinian peace process. His briefing also the Council met with senior officials and Council members in informal consultations. covered the Fatah-Hamas reconciliation also visited local areas to observe the n Haiti: On 17 May the members of the and the 15 May al-Nakba protests when impact of UNMIS’s work. Council issued a press statement (SC/ Palestinian refugees tried to cross into On 24-25 May the delegation visited 10256) congratulating the people of Haiti Israel from Lebanon and Syria resulting Nairobi to discuss Somalia and met with on the peaceful conduct of the electoral in 14 deaths. leaders of the Somali Transitional process and the inauguration of a new n Myanmar: On 20 May, Vijay Nambiar, Federal Institutions. They presented a government. The statement encouraged the Secretary-General’s Chef de Cabinet, strong, unanimous message to the all political actors in Haiti to resolve any briefed the Council in a closed meeting Somali leadership, urging it to reconcile remaining electoral disputes through on his visit to Myanmar from 11-13 May. their differences, abstain from unilaterally transparent and efficient legal means in He told Council members that the visit extending their transitional mandates order to reflect the will of the Haitian people. had been an opportunity for the UN to and warning that the patience of the inter- n Yemen: On 17 May Council members engage with the new government shortly national community and its willingness to were briefed by UN envoy Jamal bin after its installation and build on dialogue support the TFIs were not infinite.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 3 South Sudan Programme and the UN Children’s Fund presence in the area. The Kadugli agree- would be under the authority of a special ment signed in January was an attempt to Expected Council Action representative of the Secretary-General); reduce tensions. The south committed to The Council needs to take decisions in n elements of the mission cover: protection withdraw its additional police and security June on the future UN presence in South of civilians, political, military, police, civil would be taken over by Joint Integrated Sudan after its independence on 9 July. It affairs, human rights, justice, corrections, Units (JIUs) composed of troops from both seems that the Secretary-General’s 17 May disarmament, demobilisation and reinte- the SAF and the SPLA. recommendations are seen as problematic gration, mine action, child protection, On 1 May fighting flared between southern by a number of Council members. gender, public information, HIV/AIDS police and SAF from a JIU, resulting in at support, recovery and refugee return and least 14 deaths. The UN and international The issue is complicated by the need to reintegration, mission support and safety partners were able to diffuse the situation address in parallel the situation in Abyei and and security; and other unresolved CPA implementation and and avoid an immediate escalation. But n a mandated strength of 7,000 troops with clashes intensified following a statement post-CPA arrangements relating to the utility helicopters and an engineering from Bashir that Abyei would remain part of relationship between North and South capacity and 900 individual police. Sudan as two sovereign states. the north and Sudan would wage war if the After protracted debate in the Secretariat, south attempted to annex Abyei (this followed SCR will publish an Update Report in early the report opts for a three-month rollover of the release of the draft interim constitution June with further background and analysis the current UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) of South Sudan, which included Abyei in its following the briefing and consultations from 9 July to 9 October to allow UNMIS to territory). On 6 May the Secretary-General expected on 31 May. commence downsizing in Khartoum, while called upon both parties to stop unilaterally Key Recent Developments focusing on the dual role of good offices to claiming ownership of the Abyei area. assist the two sovereign states “to maintain The Secretary-General has released rec- On 8 May the parties agreed on a timetable calm while seeking resolutions to the resid- ommendations on a new UN mission in to implement the Kadugli agreement, with ual CPA and post-referendum issues” and South Sudan, referred to in his report as all “unauthorised” forces to be withdrawn beginning the transformation into UNMISS. UNMISS. The first section of the report from Abyei by 17 May and with each side The report seems to ignore the option of describes the outstanding issues in the providing an equal number of military per- two simultaneous missions but indicates implementation of the Comprehensive sonnel for the JIUs. The UN was to monitor the intention to deploy to South Sudan on 9 Peace Agreement (CPA), including the sta- the withdrawal and deployment process. tus of Abyei, disputed border areas, the July an “advance team composed of a redeployment and reintegration of northern senior management group” to set up the On 10 May, four UNMIS peacekeepers and southern forces and the possible inte- core capabilities of the new mission under were shot and injured by unknown armed gration of Sudan People’s Liberation Army UNMIS’ current mandate. There have been elements in Abyei. (SPLA) troops into the Sudan Armed Forces numerous rumours that the Secretariat has The Council issued a press statement on 11 (SAF) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile no confidence that a three-month rollover May expressing its deep concern regarding states. The first section also outlines the will be sufficient and that the Secretary- the situation in Abyei and welcoming the status of negotiations on post-CPA matters General will have to request a further commitments from the leaders of both sides such as security arrangements, citizenship, three-month extension of UNMIS. that neither shall include an unconditional oil-sector management and external debt. Violence escalated in Abyei throughout claim on Abyei in its draft constitution. The The second section of the report addresses May, culminating in an attack by southern statement also condemned the introduction, the needs for a new UN peacekeeping forces on a northern (SAF) convoy escorted by both parties, of armed forces into Abyei mission in South Sudan, headquartered in by UNMIS on 19 May. Khartoum retaliated in violation of the CPA, as well as the 10 May Juba. The Secretary-General recommends and seized Abyei on 21 May. On 24 shooting of the peacekeepers. the mission have the following main tasks May Sudanese President Omar Al-Bashir On 19 May, UNMIS personnel were escort- under Chapter VI of the UN Charter: indicated it has no intention of withdrawing ing 200 SAF members into the Abyei area to n good offices and political support for and ordered SAF to respond to SPLA take up their deployment under the Kadugli peace consolidation; provocations “anywhere”. agreement when they came under attack n support to security sector reform and rule Tensions in Abyei began rising before the by southern forces. According to Khartoum, of law; referendum in January when it became the attack resulted in the death of at least 22 n conflict mitigation and physical protec- clear that Khartoum did not intend to SAF personnel. The UN called this a criminal tion of civilians; honour the CPA obligations to hold a sepa- attack against the UN and a breach of the and, under Chapter VII: rate referendum there (due to differences CPA. The president of Southern Sudan, n physical protection of civilians under between the CPA parties over who was Salva Kiir, met Security Council members in imminent threat of physical danger, eligible to vote). (Khartoum had previously Juba on 23 May. He apparently apologised including through the use of force as a rejected the outcome of the CPA mandated and blamed the 19 May attack on the last resort when government security arbitration on Abyei’s boundaries which irresponsible actions of an individual. services are unable to provide such security. found largely against the North.) The num- ber of southern Sudanese police deployed On 21 May, SAF entered the area with The report recommends: to Abyei was increased to over 5,000, and forces from the North and captured Abyei n an integrated mission (i.e. UN funds and the SAF and SPLA both built up their town. The SAF used heavy artillery and programmes such as the UN Development tanks and aircraft bombed at least four

4 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org villages in the area. Several shells hit the For different reasons both parties seem UNMIS base in Abyei, injuring two peace- attracted to a fresh approach. keepers. Humanitarian agencies reported A further issue is to what extent the aggres- SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT that the population of Abyei fled south of the sive attacks on Abyei by the SAF and Monthly Bahr el-Arab or Kiir river. Khartoum removed Khartoum’s snub of the Council delegation the head of the Abyei administration and JUNE 2011 will affect the Council’s approach to upcom- FORECAST dissolved the region’s administrative council. ing negotiations. On 22 May, Khartoum issued a statement that it was “cleansing [Abyei] of illegal forces.” Options Libya From 23 May Khartoum-aligned armed The Council has a range of options: Expected Council Action Misseriya tribesmen burned and looted n decide on a rollover of three months (as Council members are expecting the regular Abyei town, some say in retribution for recommended by the Secretary-General) monthly briefing requested in resolution southern forces blocking their annual notwithstanding the reluctance of Khar- 1973 on Libya in late June. (In May Libya migration. UNMIS condemned this action, toum and Juba; was discussed on five separate occasions.) calling upon the SAF to fulfil their responsi- n decide to terminate UNMIS from 9 July and bility for maintaining law and order in the • re-hat UNMIS personnel in South At press time it seemed no new initiatives in areas they control. On 25 May Misseriya Sudan for a defined period (say October) the Council were underway. However, tribesmen fired at UNMIS helicopters in tasked with implementing the relevant Council members are continuing to monitor Abyei. At press time, the head of the AU High- nation-building parts of the UNMIS events on the ground and the implementa- Level Implementation Panel on Sudan, Thabo mandate in South Sudan pending tion of resolutions 1970 and 1973 and a Mbeki, was mediating between the parties. approval of a new mission with a new number of members are pursuing active mandate; and agendas outside the Council. There is also A Security Council delegation visited Sudan • tasking the headquarters in Khartoum a growing sense of the critical need for from 21 to 24 May. The delegation met with responsibility for wind-up of mission “end-game” strategies to coalesce around members of the Misseriya community in resources in northern Sudan pending a unified international approach to avoid a Khartoum and members of the Ngok Dinka the possible establishment of a good protracted conflict. community in Wau to discuss possible offices capability; or solutions to the status of Abyei. In light of The next meeting of the Libya Contact n reject a rollover and start negotiating the the attack on the UNMIS convoy the Council Group is anticipated for June in the United new mission’s mandate immediately. members cancelled their planned trip to Arab Emirates. At press time no date had Abyei. Following the events of 21 May, The Council could also request a briefing been set. Council members issued a press statement from Mbeki on the progress of negotiations. Key Recent Developments condemning the southern forces’ attack on At press time, Under-Secretary-General for the UNMIS convoy on 19 May, calling it a Council Dynamics Political Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe was breach of agreements and a criminal act Council members received the Secretary- expected to give the monthly Libya briefing and condemned the “escalatory military General’s report on 17 May, only two days to the Council on 31 May. NATO air strikes operations” being undertaken by SAF in before the delegation departed for Africa. against Libyan military capabilities under and around Abyei town, including the Few Council members had a chance to resolution 1973 continued and NATO officials shelling of the UNMIS compound in Abyei. reflect in detail upon the recommendations seemed hopeful that a transition would begin The Council delegation was scheduled to prior to the visit. Many Council members will in late June or July. meet Sudanese Vice President Osman Ali be simultaneously analysing the recommen- Taha and Foreign Minister Ali Karti in dations in their capitals whilst their delegates On 25 May South African President Jacob Khartoum. Both cancelled their meeting (including many ambassadors) visit Sudan Zuma announced a bilateral visit to Tripoli with the Council members. and provide additional assessments. on 30 May to discuss an exit strategy with Muammar Qaddafi. (Zuma is a member of Key Issues The events in Abyei and Khartoum’s snub the AU’s High Level Ad Hoc Committee A key issue for the Council is whether to of the Council delegation may affect the on Libya.) begin negotiations on the future UN role dynamics and the approach of some and presence in the region on the basis of Council members toward the CPA parties. On 25 and 26 May the AU held an extraordi- the Secretary-General’s recommendation nary summit on Libya attended by UN UN Documents for a three-month rollover of UNMIS (in Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and reem- effect deferring the fundamental issues) or Press Statements phasised the importance of the AU’s High start negotiations on a fresh basis which • SC/10262 (23 May 2011) was on Abyei. Level Committee and the AU Roadmap addresses both the long-term needs of • SC/10248 (11 May 2011) was on Abyei. which calls for a verifiable ceasefire and South Sudan internally and the medium- political dialogue. It seems that the issue of Secretary-General’s Report term needs with respect to maintaining Qaddafi leaving power as part of a negoti- international peace and security between • S/2011/314 (17 May 2011) was a ated solution was broached for the first time the two sovereign states in light of residual special report with recommendations in the context of the AU. (The previous AU CPA-related issues. on a successor mission to UNMIS. plan had been presented to both Libyan parties on 10 April but was rejected by A related issue is whether a rollover will Benghazi because it did not offer a viable be attractive to either Khartoum or Juba. transition strategy.)

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 5 On 21 May the AU Peace and Security his son Saif al-Islam Qaddafi and intelli- clear time frame for when the additional Council met in Addis Ababa with UN gence chief Abdullah al-Sanousi for their listings might be approved. Security Council members where Libya roles in conducting widespread and sys- was discussed. The communiqué tematic attacks against the civilian In June, member states are due to sub- expressed concern over the deteriorating population, arbitrary arrest and torture, and mit their reports to the Committee on humanitarian situation, stressed the need recruitment of mercenaries. Investigations implementation of the Libya sanctions for an immediate and verifiable ceasefire are ongoing in relation to allegations of regime (due within 120 days of resolu- and the need for a political solution to the mass rape by Qaddafi forces and attacks tion 1970’s 26 February adoption). conflict. The communiqué welcomed the against sub-Saharan Africans mistaken for efforts of UN envoy Abdel-Elah Al-Khatib mercenaries in Benghazi controlled areas. Human Rights-Related and the AU High Level Ad Hoc Committee (Ocampo briefed the Council on 4 May.) Developments and agreed to continue with efforts to find a On 15 May Khatib visited Tripoli where he The International Commission of Inquiry solution to the crisis. met with several high-level officials, but not established by the Human Rights Coun- On 24 May media reports indicate there with Qaddafi as had been previously cil to investigate alleged violations of may have been systematic use of rape by expected. (On 3 May Khatib briefed the international human rights law in Libya Qaddafi forces during the siege of Misrata. Council and said that both Benghazi and concluded its visit on 29 April. The Com- (The UN’s Emergency Relief Coordinator, Tripoli wanted a ceasefire but there mission visited Tripoli, Zawiya, Benghazi, Valerie Amos, flagged the issue of sexual remained fundamental differences regard- Tobruk and Bayda meeting with Tripoli violence in her 9 May briefing to the Council ing any political process which the TNC has and Benghazi officials, NGOs and UN as did Special Representative for Sexual linked to Qaddafi’s departure.) agencies and conducting interviews with Violence in Conflict Margot Wallström on 14 victims and witnesses, medical, legal On 10 May the Libyan situation was brought April. It seems US Ambassador Susan Rice and military experts within and outside up during the open debate on protection raised similar concerns during 28 April Libya. The team also visited Egyptian of civilians. consultations on Libya.) and Tunisian border areas. It is currently reviewing material gathered during the On 5 May the Libya Contact Group met in On 24 May a high-level delegation visited mission as well as submissions on mat- Rome and: Benghazi and invited the Transitional ters of fact and law and will report to the n confirmed that Qaddafi, his family and National Council (TNC) to open an office in Human Rights Council in June. his regime have lost legitimacy; Washington DC. Reports indicate the US n reasserted the central role of UN envoy closed its embassy in Tripoli and asked rep- Khatib in reaching a political solution; Key Issues resentatives of Qaddafi to leave Washington n endorsed a temporary financial mecha- Ongoing key issues for the Council include: DC. On 19 May US President Barack Obama nism to channel funds to Benghazi; n whether the Council should play a more in his Middle East speech characterised n agreed that the TNC is a legitimate active role in political initiatives to secure the TNC as credible and legitimate and interlocutor, and in that context; an “end-game” in Libya; and said that Libya’s transition will come when n urged the Libya Sanctions Committee to n the divergence among members regard- Qaddafi leaves or is forced from power. unfreeze Libyan assets to address ing the interpretation of resolution 1973. On 23 May, TNC head Mustafa Jalil met with humanitarian needs; and Potential issues for the Council in the the Turkish prime minister, president and n considered the advisability of future include: foreign minister. Turkey reiterated its 3 May establishing humanitarian corridors and n the humanitarian impact of the conflict call for Qaddafi to step down and said the maritime corridors. and the sanctions and any related pres- TNC was a legal and credible representa- Developments in the Libya sure to alleviate the impact on the tive of the Libyan people. (Turkey has been Sanctions Committee population under Qaddafi’s control; playing a mediating role and is a member of n a UN role in any ceasefire monitoring the Contact Group and NATO. There has In May, the Secretariat appointed seven mechanism and cooperation with the AU been no formal coordination with AU members to the Panel of Experts (resolu- in that regard; and mediation efforts but Turkey has said it has tion 1973 allows for up to eight members). n a UN role in post-conflict Libya. presented its roadmap to the international community and is willing to contribute to In April, the Committee received propos- Options any peace initiative.) als from France, Germany, the UK and One option for the Council in June is to the US on additional designations which simply monitor the situation based on the On 22 May the EU opened an office in are currently subject to various “holds” regular Secretariat briefing. Benghazi pledging long-term support to from Russia and the US. (Russia asked the TNC. for time for the listings to be studied in A second option is briefings from: n UN Special Envoy Khatib (the Secretary- On 17 May reports indicate that Tripoli’s oil Moscow. The US is lifting its holds on a General announced on 25 May Khatib minister Shokri Ghanem was in Tunisia and case-by-case basis as it compiles the would be visiting Tripoli soon); may have defected from Qaddafi’s regime. requisite evidence to apply the mea- sures domestically.) China and India n Special Representative Wallström on the On 16 May ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno- have lifted their previous holds. The alleged sexual violence aspects of the Ocampo asked the Court’s pre-trial Sanctions Committee is expected to conflict; and chamber to issue arrest warrants for Qaddafi, meet in early June. However, there is no n a representative from the AU High Level Ad Hoc Committee on their mediation efforts.

6 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Another option if mediation efforts seem to referred the situation in Libya to the be gaining traction is to ask the Secretariat ICC, imposed an arms embargo and to brief on the progress in their post- targeted sanctions, and established SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT conflict planning. a sanctions committee. Monthly The option to designate more individuals Security Council Meeting Records JUNE 2011 and entities under the sanctions regime is FORECAST • S/PV.6531 and resumption 1 (10 May still on the table in the Sanctions Committee. 2011) on protection of civilians. Human Rights Council Commission • S/PV.6530 (9 May 2011) was a briefing Council Dynamics of Inquiry Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa by OCHA head Valerie Amos on Libya. Cherif Bassiouni (Egypt); remain concerned about the extent of • S/PV.6528 (4 May 2011) was the Asma Khader (Jordanian/Palestinian); NATO air strikes and feel all energies should ICC prosecutor’s first briefing to the Philippe Kirsch (Canada) be put into bringing about a ceasefire. Council on Libya. • S/PV.6527 (3 May 2011) was a briefing AU High Level Ad-Hoc Committee Other Council members would welcome a by Special Envoy Abdel-Elah Al-Khatib Heads of state of Congo, Mali, genuine ceasefire. However, there remains on Libya. Mauritania, South Africa, Uganda and a divergence on whether a ceasefire with- • S/PV.6515 (14 April 2011) was a the chair of the AU Commission out a credible political process would solve briefing by Margaret Wallström, the Libya Contact Group the problem in Libya or instead might Special Representative on Sexual simply create an indefinite stalemate with Violence in Conflict Bahrain; Belgium and the Netherlands prolonged suffering for the people. share a rotating seat; Canada; France; Security Council Letters Germany; Greece; Italy; Japan; Jordan; There is also increasing concern on both • S/2011/319 (18 May 2011) was the Kuwait; Lebanon; Malta; Morocco; a sides of this divide that the Libya conflict terms of reference for the Security Nordic seat shared by Denmark, Norway may become protracted especially if there Council’s visiting mission to Africa, and Sweden; Poland; Qatar; Spain; is continued drift between the Contact including a consultative meeting Turkey; United Arab Emirates; UK; USA Group and AU approach. However, efforts with the AU to discuss Libya and and representatives from the Arab at integration have been problematic. It other issues. League, EU, GCC, NATO, OIC and the UN; seems that the Libya portion of the 21 May • S/2011/313 (16 May 2011) and the AU attends as an invitee; Observers communiqué in Addis Ababa was difficult to S/2011/293 (10 May 2011) was include OCHA and the World Bank negotiate due to sensitivity about Khatib’s the appointment of members to Commander for NATO Operations leadership role versus the AU High Level the Panel of Experts of the Libya under Resolution 1973 Committee. (The 5 May meeting of the Con- Sanctions Committee. Lt. Gen. Charles Bouchard (Canada) tact Group on Libya had previously agreed • S/2011/307 (16 May 2011) is the AU’s that Khatib should be the focal point for all 26 April communiqué on Libya. mediation efforts whereas the AU concerns Human Rights Council were that this approach could sideline the Sudan/Darfur AU’s role.) • A/HRC/S-15/2 (25 February 2011) decided to dispatch a commission of Expected Council Action South Africa’s initiative for Zuma to visit inquiry to Libya. The Council is scheduled to receive a Tripoli on 30 May to discuss an exit strategy biannual briefing from the prosecutor of with Qaddafi may help to bring the two Other Relevant Facts the International Criminal Court, Luis approaches closer. Chair of the UN Libya Sanctions Moreno-Ocampo, on the court’s work in There seems to be continued wide support Committee Sudan. The prosecutor is expected to among Council members for contingency • Ambassador José Filipe Moraes deliver his report in a public meeting of the planning by the UN Secretariat for an impar- Cabral (Portugal) Council, followed by a private meeting. tial post-conflict UN presence, including Panel of Experts of the Libya The Council is also expected to discuss the ceasefire monitoring (provided it was Sanctions Committee Sudan sanctions regime in consultations, mobile with access to all parts of the • Yousef Fahed Ahmed Alserhan, following receipt of the mid-term report of country versus monitoring an arbitrary line). Jordan (maritime) the panel of experts. • Oumer Dièye Sidi, Niger (customs) UN Documents • Theodore M. Murphy, US Key Recent Developments Security Council Resolutions (humanitarian and regional) A Council delegation visited Sudan from 21 to 24 May. In Khartoum the delegation was • S/RES/1973 (17 March 2011) • Giovanna Perri, Italy (finance) scheduled to meet Foreign Minister Ali Karti authorised all necessary measures to • Salim Raad, Lebanon (heavy weapons) and Vice President Ali Osman Taha on 22 protect civilians in Libya and enforce • Savannah de Tessières, France (small May to discuss the situation in Darfur and the arms embargo, imposed a no-fly arms and light weapons) ongoing negotiations with Southern Sudan. zone, strengthened the sanctions • Ahmed Zerhouni, Algeria (aviation) Karti and Taha cancelled their meetings. regime, and established a panel UN Special Envoy The Council’s planned discussions on of experts. Abdel-Elah Mohamed Al-Khatib (Jordan) Darfur with the Sudanese government were • S/RES/1970 (26 February 2011) overshadowed by the developing crisis in

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 7 Abyei. The delegation did have meetings On 16 May lawyers representing the two South Africa had publicly indicated when with UN representatives, the head of the Darfur rebel leaders facing trial at the ICC coming onto the Council that it intended to AU high-level panel on Sudan, Thabo notified the court that the defendants would seek an Article 16 deferral of the cases Mbeki, and internally displaced persons. only be contesting whether their Septem- against Bashir. The Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) seized ber 2007 attack on the AU camp in But events in Abyei, combined with Abyei town on 21 May (see separate brief Haskanita was unlawful, questioning Khartoum’s stonewalling of the Council on South Sudan in this month’s Forecast). whether the AU mission was a peacekeep- members’ visit, may mean that there is ing mission in accordance with the UN Prior to their visit to Sudan, Council mem- more scope for a united Council approach Charter. Both defendants have agreed to bers met the AU Peace and Security Council on Darfur in the near future. plead guilty if the attack is ruled unlawful. in Addis Ababa. It seems there were differ- ences between the two sides over the Ahmed Haroun—also indicted by the ICC— UN Documents Darfur political process (DPP) and whether was elected governor of Southern Kordofan Security Council Resolutions to endorse a launch of the DPP as soon as state in early May, despite claims from the • S/RES/1982 (17 May 2011) extended possible. It appears there was not enough opposition that the election was rigged. the mandate of the Sudan sanctions agreement to include this idea in the Human Rights-Related panel of experts to 19 February 2012. final communiqué. Developments • S/RES/1945 (14 October 2010) On 17 May the Council extended the man- renewed the mandate of the Sudan In a statement on 18 March, the Human date of the Sudan sanctions committee’s sanctions panel of experts. Rights Council’s independent expert for panel of experts until 19 February 2012 (it • S/RES/1593 (31 March 2005) referred Sudan, Mohamed Chande Othman, said was due to expire on 19 October 2011). The the situation in Darfur to the ICC. that he will present his next report in mandate’s new period seems to reflect the • S/RES/1591 (29 March 2005) and September with recommendations delay in appointing the panel, which was S/RES/1556 (30 July 2004) arising from his latest fact-finding authorised in October 2010 but not fully imposed sanctions. mission from which he had just returned. appointed until late February 2011. The Othman expressed special concern Latest Secretary-General’s Report Council’s early extension also recognises about the situation in Darfur. “We must • S/2011/252 (15 April 2011) was on the reality of the situation facing the panel. not forget Darfur, where civilians con- implementation of the DPP. Its members have had difficulties getting tinue to bear the brunt of the fighting visas to enter Sudan, and there was a risk Security Council Meeting Record between the armed groups and Govern- that it would not be able to undertake much • S/PV.6440 (9 December 2010) was ment forces,” he said. Othman called on work ahead of preparing its final report in the previous regular biannual Council the international community to assist in September. Following the extension, the briefing by the ICC prosecutor. finding a comprehensive solution to the report is now due in January. conflict through an inclusive peace Other Moreno-Ocampo delivered his last biannual process that addressed the conflict’s • S/2011/111 (8 March 2011) was a report to the Council on 9 December 2010. root causes, including the economic note by the president of the Council Several key developments have occurred marginalisation of the region. circulating the final report of the panel since, including ongoing armed violence in of experts of the Sudan Sanctions Darfur against civilians and also directed Key Issues Committee dated 20 September 2010. against peacekeepers. The UN has con- A key issue for Darfur is what effect wider firmed that 11 civilians were killed when issues in Sudan, such as a recent escala- SAF planes bombed two villages south of tion of violence in Abyei and Khartoum’s HIV/AIDS Ed Da’ein in South Darfur on 16 May and stonewalling of the Council delegation, will ten civilians were killed in a village northeast have on the Council’s future approach to Expected Council Action of El Fasher in North Darfur two days later. issues such as Darfur. On 7 June President of Gabon Ali Bongo A female peacekeeper was killed and two Ondimba will chair an open debate on the Another issue is the ICC request for action were injured in an attack in North Darfur impact of HIV and AIDS on global security. on 4 April. against Djibouti. The Council is expected to adopt a resolution. On 12 May the International Criminal Court Options (ICC) formally notified the Council about the Council members could take up the wider From 8 to 10 June, the UN General Assem- visit of Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir Darfur issues in the closed meeting which bly will hold a high-level meeting on HIV/ to Djibouti on 8 May to attend the inaugura- follows the prosecutor’s briefing and issue AIDS ten years after the General Assmbly tion of Djibouti’s president. The ICC stressed either a statement or agree to elements for met in a special session and issued a that Djibouti was obliged to execute the a press briefing. Declaration of Commitment on the topic. Gabon has invited heads of state attending outstanding arrest warrants against Bashir Council Dynamics the high-level meeting to participate in the stemming both from the Rome Statute, to There are substantive differences within Council debate. which Djibouti is a state party, and Security the Council over the ICC’s work in Sudan, Council resolution 1593. The court asked particularly between those who are states Background the Council to take any action that it might parties to the Rome Statute and those who The Council first discussed HIV/AIDS in the deem appropriate. are critical of the court’s pursuit of Bashir. context of international peace and security

8 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org in January 2000. This was a UN initiative alleviating its impact. According to the under the agenda item “the impact of AIDS Secretary-General, the declaration had on peace and security in Africa.” The debate five priorities: SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT was chaired by then-US Vice President n ensuring people everywhere know how Monthly Al Gore as part of a month-long focus by to avoid infection; the Council on the special challenges n stopping the transmission of HIV from JUNE 2011FORECAST confronting Africa. This was the first time mother to child; that the Council had identified a health n providing treatment to all infected; of HIV/AIDS to other key security issue as a security threat. Russia and China n redoubling the search for a vaccine; and challenges that the Council regularly did not speak. n caring for all those whose lives had been considers, such as sexual violence in devastated by AIDS, particularly orphans. The UN Secretary-General, the head of the conflict; or World Bank, the head of the UN Develop- In 2005 the Security Council held another n identify in the resolution the specific ment Programme and the executive director debate on HIV/AIDS and international programmes of integrated peacekeeping of the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS peacekeeping operations and issued a missions where increased attention to (UNAIDS) participated in the debate, plus presidential statement (S/PRST/2005/33) HIV/AIDS issues is warranted, such as in 26 non-Council members. The consistent highlighting how resolution 1308 had been designing and implementing demobilisa- message from speakers was that HIV/ implemented in peacekeeping operations. tion, disarmament and reintegration AIDS was devastating the countries of sub- This statement also recognised that UN programmes; security sector reform Saharan Africa. peacekeeping personnel can be important programmes (including prisons manage- contributors to the response to HIV/AIDS, ment); gender equality and human rights Six months later the Council adopted a particularly for vulnerable communities in monitoring arrangements; and assis- resolution in July 2000 (resolution 1308), post-conflict areas, and encouraged further tance to victims of sexual violence. under the agenda item “the responsibility of cooperation between relevant UN entities the Security Council in the maintenance of Council Dynamics within integrated peacekeeping operations. international peace and security: HIV/AIDS Many Council members recall that resolu- and international peacekeeping operations.” Key Issues tion 1308 was the best outcome possible Adoption followed extensive negotiations The key issue for the Council in June is for the Council at that time, given the differ- that started shortly after the January debate. defining the appropriate scope of the Coun- ences between members that existed in cil’s involvement in this issue, given that the 2000 on the spread of HIV/AIDS. Many The preamble of the resolution: General Assembly is also focused at a high Council members seem to feel that a n recognised that the HIV/AIDS pandemic level. A related issue is the need to identify decade later the time is ripe to update reso- is exacerbated by conditions of violence the specific security dimensions of the lution 1308, both in terms of its terminology and instability; and problem of HIV/AIDS. and scope. Many members seem to believe n stressed that the HIV/AIDS pandemic, if that this debate and resolution could carry unchecked, might pose a risk to stability A second issue is to assess the impact in forward some of the concepts on the and security. this area of peacekeeping operations and positive role of peacekeepers in remote, their ongoing role in addressing the issue post-conflict communities which have been The operative section of the resolution: in the conflict-affected areas in which discussed in recent peacebuilding debates, n expressed concern at the potential they operate. such as the open debate in February on damaging impact of HIV/AIDS on the peacebuilding and development. health of international peacekeepers; A further issue is whether to include wider n encouraged all member states to develop political statements on the risks to stability Many current Council members are leaders effective long-term programmes and from HIV/AIDS. in global efforts to address the HIV/AIDS strategies for HIV/AIDS education, pandemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Options prevention, testing and treatment for Africa. South Africa has been a strong The Council could: their personnel, as part of their prepara- advocate in Africa for improving developing n adopt a resolution that essentially repeats tion for participating in peacekeeping countries’ access to treatment options. It the agreed language in resolution 1308 operations, and to increase international has also been in the vanguard of develop- and S/PRST/2005/33; cooperation to develop such pro- ing treatment programmes in its armed n include language reflecting an updated grammes; and services. Brazil is also recognised as a conceptual approach to HIV/AIDS that n requested the Secretary-General to regional leader in the fight against HIV/AIDS has developed over the last ten years further develop pre-deployment and in Latin America. There are also several and use more modern terminology and ongoing training for peacekeeping major troop contributors on the Council, scientific concepts; personnel on ways to prevent the spread such as India and Nigeria, who seem likely n broaden the focus of the resolution from of HIV/AIDS. to pay close attention to the importance of just the risk to and from peacekeepers to implementing and updating resolution 1308. On 25 to 27 June 2001, the General the potential positive role of peacekeep- Assembly held a special session on HIV/ ers in helping others infected with HIV/ It should be noted that South Africa has the AIDS. The General Assembly adopted a AIDS or in prevention programmes, highest prevalence of HIV infection in the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS expanding upon language from the 2005 world, followed by Nigeria. with the purpose of setting common targets presidential statement; for reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS and n highlight in the resolution the relevance

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 9 The US welcomes the fact that Gabon trafficking and associated security risks. An the use and stockpiling of weapons and chose to pursue this topic in its presidency, open debate on drug trafficking as a threat ammunition in times of conflict. given the leadership role the US played in to international security was held on 8 But the previous Council decisions on small 2000 and the decade since. The US and December 2009. The Council adopted a arms have not focused on the linkage with EU member states have well-developed presidential statement (S/PRST/2009/32) drug trafficking. policies regarding HIV/AIDS, particularly recognising that drug trafficking and related with respect to partnerships with develop- transnational organised-crime activities Key Issues ing countries, to halt the spread of HIV and are a serious threat to international peace A key issue raised by the initiative from alleviate the effects for those living with and security. The head of the UN Office on Gabon is how to bring together these two the disease. Drugs and Crime briefed the Council on 24 threads of the Council’s work. February 2010. The Council adopted a Despite support for the topic itself, there presidential statement during the meeting A related issue is analysing the extent to may still be resistance based upon (S/PRST/2010/4) that noted the increasing which the illegal drug trade and illicit concerns about further expanding the con- link between drug trafficking, the financing trafficking in small arms are connected. cept of threats to international peace and of terrorism and illegal arms trafficking. The security outside traditional armed conflicts. Options statement also noted that drug trafficking Options for the Council include: and transnational crime were growing UN Documents n adopting a decision that the connections concerns that might threaten the security between the illicit small arms and drug Security Council Resolution of countries on its agenda. trades have the effect of intensifying the • S/RES/1308 (17 July 2000) was on In both presidential statements, the threat to international peace and security HIV/AIDS and international peace- Council stressed the importance of which the Council has already recog- keeping operations. strengthening regional and international nised in both cases; Presidential Statement cooperation to counter the problem. But the n requesting the Secretary-General to • S/PRST/2005/33 (18 July 2005) was a links between drug trafficking and the traf- report on this connection in all relevant statement on the implementation of ficking of small arms has not until now been thematic and country-specific reports; resolution 1308 in peacekeeping oper- a prominent feature. n requesting the Secretary-General to pre- ations, five years after its adoption. pare a study of connections in different Small Arms regions and to report to the Council by Security Council Meeting Records The Council was briefed on 25 April on the late in the year; or • S/PV.5228 (18 July 2005) was an open Secretary-General’s 2011 report on small n using the open debate as an opportunity briefing on implementation of resolu- arms. A debate devoted to the subject of to express national positions on the issue tion 1308, under the agenda item small arms was held on 19 March 2010, of drugs and small arms without taking HIV/AIDS and international peace- also at the initiative of Gabon. The debate action at this time. keeping operations. considered the impact of illicit small arms • S/PV.4172 (17 July 2000) was the and light weapons on peace and security in Council and Broader Dynamics open debate on HIV/AIDS and interna- the Central African region. It was well Council members appear to be generally tional peacekeeping operations and attended, with 27 member states making supportive of discussing the issue of the the adoption of resolution 1308. statements during the debate. At that time, drug trade and small arms. Most members • S/PV.4087 and S/PV.4087 resumption the Council adopted a presidential state- seem to agree in principle that the shared 1 (10 January 2000) was an open ment (S/PRST/2010/6) reiterating that small characteristics between the two issues (the debate on the impact of AIDS on arms pose a threat to peace and fuel armed facts that there is extensive illegal trafficking peace and security in Africa. conflict and that states should effectively in both drugs and arms and that the use of implement existing arms embargoes. small arms in drug related violence has become endemic in some regions) deserve In April 2008, South Africa presided over a discussion. Many are waiting for the com- Drug Trafficking and debate on the Secretary-General’s 2008 pletion of the concept paper to develop Small Arms biennial report on small arms. particular positions for the open debate in June. As has been the case over the last Expected Council Action The Secretary-General’s most recent report year, some Council members remain sensi- A debate on drug trafficking and small arms on small arms, delayed from 2010, was tive to the fact that the General Assembly is is expected to be held at the initiative of completed on 5 April. The report recom- currently discussing an arms-trade treaty. It Gabon as Council president for the month mended that the Council encourage states is unclear at present how willing members of June. to strengthen their tracing capacity, will be to take major substantive action on enhance international cooperation regard- these two interlinked issues at this time but At press time a concept paper for the ing tracing and apply, on a voluntary basis, an analytical report from the Secretary- debate was still in development. A resolu- international ammunition technical General would be welcomed in terms of tion is a possible outcome. guidelines once they are finalised. It also providing a framework for substantive suggested that the Council promote Background decisions later in the year. Drug Trafficking increased compliance by non-state armed The Council in 2009 and 2010 put consider- groups with international norms relating to able focus on the thematic issue of drug

10 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org The 1267 monitoring team submitted its UN Documents report to the committee on 22 February. It Security Council Presidential Statements focused on two key issues: how the com- SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT • S/PRST/2010/6 (19 March 2010) was mittee could better promote peace and Monthly adopted at the conclusion of the the- stability in Afghanistan and the issue of matic debate on small arms and light continuing due process concerns, which JUNE 2011FORECAST weapons and the Central African region. are evident in court challenges to the • S/PRST/2010/4 (24 February 2010) regime. With regard to Afghanistan, the for the Committee’s decision could be was adopted after a UNODC briefing. monitoring team recommended that the communicated on a case-by-case basis. • S/PRST/2009/32 (8 December 2009) committee seek ways to speed up its con- The Committee will also be considering a was on threats posed by drug trafficking. sideration of delisting requests proposed draft checklist of necessary supporting • S/PRST/2007/24 (29 June 2007) inter by Afghanistan, for example by creating a documentation for delisting requests from alia requested biennial small arms checklist of specific questions that the the government of Afghanistan. reports from the Secretary-General Afghan government would need to consider starting in 2008. before submitting a delisting request. With Following the briefing by the chairmen, all regard to enhancing due process reforms Council members and 13 member states Latest Report of the Secretary-General to the regime, the monitoring team sug- made statements. Speaking on behalf of • S/2011/255 (5 April 2011) was on gested that the committee increase the informal group of like-minded countries small arms. transparency by publishing the ombud- on targeted sanctions (which currently Meeting Record sperson’s observations on delisting includes Austria, Belgium, Costa Rica, Den- • S/PV.6288 and resumption 1 (19 requests (and reasons that committee mark, Finland, Germany, Liechtenstein, the March 2010) was the thematic debate members disagree with those observations, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzer- on small arms and light weapons and when that occurs). The report also suggested land), Costa Rica noted that the group had the Central African region. requiring the committee to reaffirm, by sent a letter to the Council in April outlining consensus, listings that have been several proposals to improve and considered by the ombudsperson. strengthen the sanctions regime including: n that the Committee take delisting Counterterrorism: On 16 May, the chairs of the 1267 Commit- decisions by majority vote rather than 1267 Committee tee, the CTC (1373 Counterterrorism by consensus; committee) and the 1540 committee (non- n that the ombudsperson be allowed to Expected Council Action proliferation of weapons of mass destruction recommend delistings, which would The mandates of the ombudsperson for the and terrorism) addressed the Council in a automatically become final after 30 days 1267 committee on sanctions against the regular biannual briefing. The chair of the if the Committee did not reconfirm the Taliban and Al-Qaida and of the monitoring 1267 Committee, Ambassador Peter Wittig listing; and team that supports the work of the commit- of Germany, said that the Committee had n that members provide reasons to the tee expire on 17 June. At press time the built on last year’s review of its consolidated petitioner (via the ombudsperson) for Council had begun discussions on a list by approving the most comprehensive any rejection. renewal resolution for both. set of updates to the list in its history. The committee had recently agreed to 78 list Council members Germany and Colombia Key Recent Developments amendments and to making publicly avail- stated support for one or more of the pro- Resolution 1904 of 2009 created the office able almost 200 additional summaries of posals circulated by the group of like-minded of the ombudsperson. It also renewed the reasons for listing. The Committee is cur- states. The UK urged consideration of the mandate of the 1267 Committee’s monitor- rently reviewing the listings of 48 individuals idea of splitting the consolidated list into ing team which is now set to expire. who are reported to be deceased and aims two distinct lists, one dealing with the Negotiations seem to be focused on a to conclude that review by the end of May Taliban and one dealing with Al-Qaida. number of recommendations made by the before conducting other regular reviews France also advocated taking into account ombudsperson and the monitoring team in requested in resolution 1904. how the relationship between the Taliban recent reports. and Al- Qaida has changed over time. Wittig reported that to date the ombudsper- The 1267 Committee’s ombudsperson, Russia argued strongly for retaining a uni- son had received ten delisting requests and Judge Kimberly Prost, submitted her first fied consolidated list as currently exists and had submitted her first report on a specific biannual report to the Council on 21 for a continuation of the ombudsperson delisting request to the committee in Febru- January. The report summarised the set up under the terms of her present mandate. ary. Two further ombudsperson reports on phase for her office and identified issues for delisting requests were completed in April. Key Issues the Council to consider. These included the He said the Committee is considering these A key issue for the Council is the continuing need for the committee to provide reasons delisting requests. He also recalled that due process concerns, which have per- for its decisions on delisting persons from resolution 1904 encourages committee sisted despite the modifications made to the targeted sanctions list. Also, she raised members to provide reasons for objecting the sanctions regime in resolution 1904. the practical need for the ombudsperson to to delisting requests. He said he had be able to disclose the identity of the desig- A related issue is whether any of the insisted that committee members do so nating state to the petitioner and other changes rising from the recommendations promptly. The Committee had reached relevant states. of the ombudsperson, the panel of experts consensus on the form in which reasons

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 11 and the “like minded” group can be agreed committee and its mandate. Korhogo. On 1 May the prosecutor of the by Council members. International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Meeting Record Moreno-Ocampo, indicated that he would The possibility of splitting the consolidated • S/PV.6536 (16 May 2011) was the soon request judges to open an investiga- list in two is another issue on the table. latest briefing by the chairmen of the tion into alleged war crimes and crimes Options 1267 Committee and the other two against humanity in the wake of the 28 terrorism-related Council committees. Options for the Council include: November presidential run-off elections in n using the renewal of the monitoring team Other Côte d’Ivoire. and ombudsperson as an opportunity to • S/2011/245 (13 April 2011) was On 5 May the Ivorian Constitutional Council incorporate further improvements to the the letter to the Council transmitting declared Ouattara Côte d’Ivoire’s new regime, as suggested by the group of the eleventh report of the 1267 president. The Council explained that its like-minded countries, as well as the monitoring team. decision to reverse its December declara- ombudsperson and monitoring team; • S/2011/29 (21 January 2011) was tion awarding victory to Gbagbo (leading to n a simple renewal of the ombudsperson the letter to the Council transmitting the five month crisis) followed binding and the monitoring team but deferring the first report of the office of the decisions taken by the AU, which had decisions on substantive changes to a ombudsperson. recognised Ouattara’s victory and later date (perhaps committing to com- demanded Gbagbo’s departure. On 6 May plete consideration of them within say Other Relevant Facts Ouattara was sworn into office. three months); Chair of the 1267 Committee n allowing the mandate of either the On 9 May the Secretary-General wrote to monitoring team or the office of the Ambassador Peter Wittig (Germany) the Council proposing that the publication ombudsperson to expire altogether (a 1267 Committee ombudsperson of his next report on the UN Operation in less likely possibility); or Judge Kimberly Prost (Canada) Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI), originally scheduled n splitting a consolidated list into two dis- for submission to the Council by 31 May, be tinct lists, one dealing with the Taliban Useful Additional Source postponed to 30 June and a technical and one dealing with Al-Qaida. The April letter from the group of like-minded rollover of UNOCI’s mandate to 31 July countries on targeted sanctions, which be approved. Council and Wider Dynamics contained proposals to improve the 1267 There seems to be wide support in the On 11 May the Secretary-General wrote to sanctions regime, can be found at http:// Council for renewing both the ombudsper- the Council recommending that the Council www.news.admin.ch/NSBSubscriber/ son and the monitoring team. However, the also authorise a further extension of the message/attachments/22759.pdf issue of changes to the regime is consider- inter-mission arrangements between the ably more contentious. Some members UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and UNOCI (including Germany) seem supportive of until 31 July, subject to the renewal of some kind of time limit or sunset clause Côte d’Ivoire UNOCI’s mandate. relating to listings (or at least certain cate- On 13 May the Council extended the man- gories of listings). However, it appears that Expected Council Action date of UNOCI until 31 July. It also extended significant resistance may be encountered In June the Council will consider whether to until 30 June the temporary redeployment from some permanent members, notably extend the temporary deployment of some of military assets from UNMIL to UNOCI. Russia which has spoken publicly about its UNMIL troops and aviation assets to Côte d’Ivoire to support UNOCI. The deployment reservations at the 16 May briefing. The US On 16 May the West African regional stock expires on 30 June. has not spoken publicly on this but some market, comprising trading companies reservations seem likely. The mandate of UNOCI expires on 31 July. from francophone West African countries and Guinea-Bissau (a lusophone country), There is also a difference of opinion on the Key Recent Developments resumed trading in Abidjan, the commercial desirability of disassociating Taliban list- On 1 May, President Alassane Ouattara capital of Côte d’Ivoire. ings from Al-Qaida listings with the UK (and announced that former Ivorian Prime perhaps the US) being open to this but Minister Charles Konan Banny would head On 21 May the inauguration of Ouattara Russia opposed. a “truth, reconciliation and dialogue” com- took place in Yamoussoukro, the adminis- mission as part of efforts aimed at fostering trative capital of Côte d’Ivoire. UN Documents national healing after the post-elections Human Rights-Related Security Council Resolutions conflict. The announcement came during a developments • S/RES/1904 (17 December 2009) visit by a global elders delegation (compris- renewed the mandate of the 1267 ing former UN Secretary-General Kofi On 12 April, following concern expressed Committee monitoring team, created Annan, Nobel Laureate Desmond Tutu of by the Human Rights Council (HRC) at an office of the ombudsperson for 18 South Africa and former Irish President the extent of human rights abuses in months and included significant Mary Robinson) to promote reconciliation. Côte d’Ivoire, the HRC President changes to the administration of the appointed three high-level experts as The delegation also visited former presi- 1267 regime. members of a UN Commission of dent Laurent Gbagbo, who is being kept • S/RES/1267 (15 October 1999) Inquiry. The commission arrived in Côte under house arrest in the northern town of established the Al-Qaida and Taliban d’Ivoire on 4 May. It was to investigate

12 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org the allegations of serious abuses and and the delivery of urgently required violations of human rights following the humanitarian assistance and restoration presidential election of 28 November, in of socioeconomic normalcy. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT order to identify those responsible and Options Monthly seek to bring them to justice. The com- Options include: JUNE 2011 mission will present its findings to the n organising a mission to Côte d’Ivoire well FORECAST HRC at its next session, in June. in advance of the UNOCI mandate expiry, perhaps at the level of working group on • S/RES/1528 (27 February 2004) Key Issues conflict prevention in Africa; established UNOCI. The key issues for the Council remain n proposing to ECOWAS that there be a Latest Secretary-General’s Report largely unchanged, including: joint ECOWAS/Security Council working • S/2011/211 (30 March 2011) n maintaining a priority focus on Côte group mission; d’Ivoire in the current context, including n not renewing the mandate of the tempo- Selected Letters the role of the UN and UNOCI in assisting rary deployment of UNMIL military assets • S/2011/297 (11 May 2011) was from peace consolidation; to support UNOCI; the Secretary-General to the president n ensuring that UNOCI continues to be n renewing the mandate of the temporary of the Council recommending that the able to support the maintenance of deployment of UNMIL troops to UNOCI, Council authorise an extension of the security in the country; with or without modification for a further inter-mission arrangements between n encouraging effective disarmament, month; and UNMIL and UNOCI until 31 July 2011. demobilisation and security-sector n encouraging Côte d’Ivoire and the • S/2011/295 (9 May 2011) was from the reform programmes as quickly as possi- Peacebuilding Commission in a discus- Secretary-General to the president of ble; sion of opportunities to facilitate the Council proposing that the issu- n monitoring the potentially destabilising enhanced peace consolidation and utilis- ance of his next report on UNOCI be effects of the developments in Côte ing the full potential for a preventive role deferred until 30 June 2011, and the d’Ivoire on peace and security in West offered by the PBC’s existing mandate. Council authorise a technical rollover Africa, including concerns about the of the mandate of UNOCI to 31 Council Dynamics potential movement of armed mercenar- July 2011. The US indicated, during the 13 May Council ies allegedly recruited by the belligerents meeting that it was reluctant to anticipate Latest Press Statement in Côte d’Ivoire along the porous borders any further extensions of UNMIL resources, • SC/10224 (13 April 2011) (resolution 1981 requested the Secretary- “barring any unforeseen circumstances”, General to keep the Council informed due to pressing security demands in Liberia Other Relevant Facts in his subsequent reports “of develop- linked to upcoming national elections, ments, measures taken and efforts made Special Representative of the which would require UNMIL’s full capacity. in the coordination of UNOCI and UNMIL Secretary-General and Head of Mission France indicated that the decision regard- to assist the Ivorian and Liberian govern- Choi Young-jin (Republic of Korea) ing the future of UNMIL support for UNOCI ments “in monitoring their border and should be essentially a technical issue and Size and Composition of UNOCI surrounding areas, including how the should be guided by the Secretariat. Strength (as of 30 April 2011): 7,974 redeployed assets are assisting in this troops, 177 military observers, 1,293 effort, with particular attention to any Council members are mindful of the fact police personnel, 402 international cross-border movement of combatants that the peacekeeping requirements of the civilian personnel, 741 local staff and or transfer of arms”); country remain pertinent. However, many 175 UN volunteers n balancing the Council’s own role and the have indicated that they now see an urgent roles of the regional and subregional need to introduce or enhance peacebuild- Approved Budget organisations in consolidating peace in ing components in UNOCI’s mandate. 1 July 2010-30 June 2011: $485.1 million the country; and Discussion of these strategic issues will be n determining whether the Council should influenced by the Secretary-General’s begin active consideration of how it can report, as well as the evolution of the situa- best provide effective input for the large tion the ground. Democratic Republic of and complex peacebuilding needs of the Congo the country. France is the lead country on this issue in the Council. Expected Council Action Underlying Problems In June, the Council will hear a briefing on The immediate challenges facing the UN Documents the Secretary-General’s latest report on MONUSCO, the peacekeeping operation in country include: the full restoration of state Selected Council Resolutions authority throughout the national territory; the DRC, by the special representative of • S/RES/1981 (13 May 2011) extended the reunification and restructuring of the the Secretary-General, Roger Meece. The the mandate of UNOCI until 31 July defence and security forces and making briefing will be followed by consultations. and authorised the Secretary-General progress in the areas of human rights and to extend until 30 June the temporary The Council is likely to renew the mandate the rule of law; the disarmament, demobili- redeployment of UNMIL military of MONUSCO, which expires on 30 June. sation and reintegration of combatants; assets to support UNOCI. the disarming and dismantling of militias;

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 13 The DRC Sanctions Committee will con- these efforts, including by training the the DRC was preparing to establish a vene to discuss the interim report of the Congolese police, and for donors to special chamber to investigate and pros- group of experts and to hear a briefing by provide support for police equipment; ecute serious violations of international the special representative of the Secretary- n stressed the need for urgent progress in law, including mass killings, sexual vio- General on sexual violence in conflict, institution-building and reforms, in order lence and displacement. The High Margot Wallström, which was postponed to strengthen the rule of law and end Commissioner foresaw, however, that from May. impunity; and the enabling legislation would need to n emphasised the importance of economic Also in June, the DRC will be discussed in be amended to guarantee the inclusion development and long-term stabilisation, OCHA’s briefing before the protection of of a sufficient international component including by reintegration of former com- civilians group of experts. and to protect the independence and batants and regional cooperation. integrity of the process. The setting up of Key Recent Developments The Council received a report from its group the special chamber is a direct response The Secretary-General’s final report of experts on sanctions on 13 May. The to the recent mapping report prepared requested in resolution 1925 was distrib- report is mostly methodological and for the Office of the High Commissioner uted on 12 May. It states that the joint discusses the group’s plans to fulfil their for Human Rights containing descrip- assessment by the Democratic Republic of mandate in their final report. Council mem- tions of 617 alleged violent human rights the Congo (DRC) and the UN Organization bers were not expecting a substantial report abuses occurring in the DRC between Stabilization Mission in the DRC at this juncture, as the group has only been March 1993 and June 2003. (MONUSCO) has not found a need for fully operative for a couple of months. MONUSCO to be reconfigured. It notes the continuing violence, the limited progress On 11 May, a study published by the Key Issues made in institutional reforms, the delays in American Journal of Public Health The key issue for the Council in June is the the election schedule and the illegal concluded that approximately 1.69 to 1.80 renewal of the MONUSCO mandate. exploitation of natural resources. In light of million women in the DRC had reported An underlying issue is MONUSCO’s the above, the report concludes that being raped in their lifetime, more than engagement with the DRC regarding the MONUSCO’s mandate should be renewed 400,000 of them in the 12 months preced- upcoming presidential election, in order to for another year at its current strength. ing the study period. Wallström praised the ensure a fair, free and timely process with study as “a commendable effort that helps On 18 May, the Council held a debate on credible results. to fill the gap in empirical research”. Some the DRC, with the participation of the have questioned the conclusions of the Another issue continues to be the rate of Secretary-General and representatives of study and its methodology. progress with MONUSCO’s wider objectives, the UN Development Programme, the in light of the growing volatility in the coun- World Bank and the EU. The Secretary- On 4 May, the trial of Ignace Murwanashy- try as elections approach, the discomfort by General recognised achievements made in aka and Straton Musoni, two leaders of the opposition groups with recent constitu- the DRC. Yet 1.7 million people remain Democratic Forces for the Liberation of tional changes affecting the electoral displaced, and human rights violations con- Rwanda, commenced in Germany. The two process and the ability in such a vast coun- tinue on a large scale. The Congolese are accused of 39 counts of war crimes try of maintaining security if grievances gain minister for international and regional and 26 counts of crimes against humanity a hold. cooperation, Raymond Tshibanda, sur- for their alleged conduct in the DRC in veyed the progress that has been achieved 2008-2009. Options in the DRC and the government’s plans for Options for the Council include: During the second half of May, a joint UN further advances. He suggested that it was n a relatively small resolution renewing Department of Political Affairs and UN time for the reconfiguration of MONUSCO MONUSCO’s mandate for another year Department of Peacekeeping Operations with a progressive yet steady withdrawal of at its current configuration; assessment mission was sent to the region. its military component. n enhancing MONUSCO’s role in providing In order to devise a new UN strategy on the logistical and technical assistance to the At the conclusion of the debate, the Council LRA, the mission planned to visit Sudan, the presidential and capacity to deal with any adopted a presidential statement, applaud- DRC, the Central African Republic, and scenario that might develop before or ing the cooperation of the DRC government Uganda and then meet with AU officials in following the election; with MONUSCO. Addis Ababa. The mission, which was n downsizing the peacekeeping mission in due to return on 28 May, will report to the The statement then focused on four topics. light of the DRC’s comments to that effect Secretary-General’s policy committee in The Council: (less likely given the ambiguous nature of June on options to tackle the LRA issue. its position); or n underlined its concern with the persisting violence, including sexual violence, and Human Rights-Related n including language in the resolution on human rights abuses against civilians, Developments the input from the UN Regional Office in particularly in the eastern provinces and Central Africa, inaugurated on 2 March in During the 10 May Security Council areas affected by the LRA; Libreville, Gabon. open debate on the protection of civil- n called on all parties in the DRC to ensure ians in armed conflict, the head of the Council Dynamics that the November elections are inclu- New York office of the High Commis- Council members viewed the debate on 18 sive, transparent, peaceful, free and fair; sioner for Human Rights reported that May as a strategic opportunity to better it also called for MONUSCO to support understand the needs of the DRC and

14 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org assess the Council’s long-term engage- • S/RES/1925 (28 May 2010) extended ment in the country. DRC’s participation at the mandate of MONUC until 30 June the ministerial level in the debate was per- 2010 and decided that from 1 July SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT ceived as demonstrating the commitment 2010, MONUSCO should replace it Monthly of the DRC to improve the situation in the until 30 June 2011. country and to define MONUSCO’s role in JUNE 2011 Latest Presidential Statement FORECAST the process. • S/PRST/2011/11 (18 May 2011) The election will be a major focus in negoti- A presidential statement is also expected, focused on stabilisation efforts in as has been the practice since 1976, draw- ations on the renewal of MONUSCO’s the DRC. mandate in June. Council members as a ing attention to the wider issues in the Latest Secretary-General’s Report whole seem to agree that MONUSCO’s role region and noting that the situation in the should be on the logistical and technical • S/2011/298 (12 May 2011) Middle East will remain tense until a com- prehensive settlement is reached. It is aspects. Some Council members feel that Meeting Record UN involvement in all electoral processes unclear whether the current situation in • S/PV.6539 (18 May 2011) was the Syria might lead the Council to revisit the should be limited in light of the recent debate on stabilisation in the DRC. events in Côte d’Ivoire. They worry that sub- language or whether the consideration of stantive involvement may dent its Press Statement UNDOF will continue to be essentially tech- impartiality and jeopardise MONUSCO’s • SC/10099 (1 December 2010) nical. ability to maintain cooperation with all par- announced the listing of four individuals The Secretary-General’s report is due in ties after the election. Other members do by the sanctions committee. mid-June, with consultations expected not accept this line of argument as a matter Other following the regular monthly meeting on of principle. However, it seems that most • A/HRC/16/68 (9 March 2011) was the the Middle East. A meeting with troop- members agree that the new resolution third joint report of seven UN experts contributing countries is also likely. should contain language on elections simi- on the situation in the DRC. lar to that in the presidential statement, Key Recent Developments which is flexible enough to allow MONUSCO The upcoming June report is expected to Other Relevant Facts to assist the DRC in different ways. Mem- reflect how the deteriorating situation in bers are also convinced of the need to Chairman of the DRC Sanctions Syria, as well as the border events of 15 provide MONUSCO with resources for elec- Committee May, has affected the UN Disengagement tion assistance. Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti (Brazil) Force (UNDOF). It seems that Israeli forces killed four civilians on the border between In light of the elections in November, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of Mission Syria and the Israeli-occupied Golan continuing violence and the conclusions of Heights when crowds of Palestinian refugees Roger Meece (US) the joint assessment process, Council living in Syria crossed the border in al- members seem to be generally in agree- MONUSCO Force Commander Nakba protests. Approximately 4,000 ment that there is little room for a drawdown Lt. Gen. Chander Prakash (India) participated in the protest with 300 crossing of MONUSCO at this juncture. (Some Council MONUSCO Size, Composition and the “alpha” line and 100 crossing the Israeli members, as a matter of principal, believe Cost of Mission technical fence. Al-Nakba protests in this that the will of the host state that is most area are annual occurrences, however the Strength as of 30 April 2011: 17,009 pertinent, while others emphasise objective numbers this year were unprecedented and troops, 731 military observers, 1,255 benchmarks on the ground.) It seems that it was the first instance of unauthorised police, 986 international civilian the DRC is not likely to press on this issue attempts to cross the border in the 37 years personnel, 2,781 local civilian staff during the current mandate renewal, since UNDOF was established. UNDOF is and 616 UN volunteers instead emphasising the need to adjust investigating the incident; however, it has Approved budget (1 July 2010-30 June MONUSCO’s mandate in the long-term, in no mandate to intervene in such a situation. correlation with progress made in the DRC. 2011): $1.369 billion The convergences reached between Mission Duration The report is also expected to raise the Council members in 2010 in resolution 30 November 1999 to present: mandate new development of Syrian restrictions on 1925 on the objectives of MONUSCO are expires on 30 June 2011 UNDOF’s access to carry out monitoring likely to remain substantially similar in 2011, tasks in UNDOF’s area of limitation on the though the Council has yet to begin negoti- Syrian side, or past the “bravo” line. It ating a draft resolution. seems these restrictions relate to the UNDOF (Golan Heights) current unrest in Syria. UN Documents Expected Council Action The escalation of the Syrian government’s Security Council Resolutions UNDOF was established in May 1974 to suppression of public protests since mid- • S/RES/1952 (29 Nov 2010) extended monitor the ceasefire between Israel and March—with reports, described as credible the DRC sanctions and the mandate Syria. The current mandate expires on 30 by the UN, of 850 killed and 8,000 arbitrarily of the group of experts to 30 Novem- June. The Council is expected to extend the detained—has led to increased pressure ber 2011. mandate for six months and call upon Israel on Syria. and Syria to implement resolution 338.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 15 On 23 May the EU imposed sanctions on focused than it did when they last consid- Human Rights-Related Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. It had ered the Golan Heights in December 2010. Developments imposed similar measures on 13 members The Syrian situation has been raised vari- of the Syrian ruling elite on 9 May. On 29 April the Human Rights Council ously by France, Germany, Portugal and adopted a resolution requesting an On 19 May, US President Barack Obama the UK in the Council on at least seven investigative mission to Syria, with pre- said during his Middle East speech that occasions in May: during consultations liminary findings expected in June and a Assad should lead his country to democracy following the regular monthly Middle East follow-up report in September. Elections or step aside. On 18 May the US imposed briefing on the 19th; in consultations during to the Human Rights Council were held sanctions on Assad and six members of his the 17 and 13 May briefings by the Depart- on 20 May in the General Assembly. Ear- regime. The US took similar measures on ment of Political Affairs; in the 10 May open lier in the month, there was opposition to 29 April against the Syrian regime. debate on protection of civilians; following Syria’s bid for membership. The Asia the OCHA briefing on Libya on the 9th; On 17 May, Assad said the crisis was slate was uncontested and originally during the consultations on resolution 1559 coming to an end and 4,000 police were included Syria, India, Indonesia and the (Lebanon) on the 6th; and following undergoing training to “prevent these Philippines for the four vacancies. On 9 the briefing of the ICC prosecutor on Libya excesses”. May, Kuwait announced its candidacy on the 4th. as another Arab candidate for the Asia On 10 May, Rami Makhlouf, an advisor to slate, and on 11 May, Syria withdrew. Divisions in the Council over implementa- Assad, said that without stability in Syria, tion of resolution 1973 on Libya seem to be there would not be stability in Israel. Key Issues affecting its ability to engage effectively on On 9 May the Secretary-General reiterated A key issue is whether the UNDOF renewal the Syrian situation and may make any his call for an end to the violence and mass might be the trigger for a more proactive change in the Council’s approach to arrests, for an independent inquiry into the Council policy that places the Syria-Israel UNDOF difficult. Lebanon, for its own killings and for a UN team to enter Syria to stalemate in the wider context of the domestic political reasons, is likely to be assess the humanitarian situation, as “Arab Spring.” uneasy about any innovations on Syria in previously discussed with Assad in a 4 the Council or any deviation from past prac- A further issue is whether more comprehen- May phone conversation. tices vis-à-vis the UNDOF renewal. sive reporting from the Secretariat would be On 27 April the Council held a public debate useful (bearing in mind the limitations of It is unlikely that the Council members who on Syria, which enabled many members to the UNDOF mandate and sensitivities in in the past seemed interested in a one-year put on record their concern about ongoing the region). mandate period will renew that push. There violence by Syrian security forces against seems to be greater impetus to keep the The earlier issue of whether to adjust the unarmed civilian protestors. Under-Secretary- Israel-Syria track under more regular mandate from six to 12 months continues General for Political Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe review—especially in light of the events of (but is unlikely to foster attention in June). briefed and Syria also participated. 15 May. Options On 26 April the Council failed to reach UN Documents One option is a simple rollover of UNDOF’s consensus on a press statement on the mandate for six months. Security Council Resolutions situation in Syria. The statement called for • S/RES/1965 (22 December 2010) an end to the violence, urged restraint A second, more proactive option is for a renewed UNDOF until 30 June 2011. and stressed the importance of respect stronger presidential statement reflecting • S/RES/350 (31 May 1974) established for human rights. It also supported the the changing regional dynamics, under- UNDOF. Secretary-General’s call for an independent scoring the importance of a credible • S/RES/338 (22 October 1973) called investigation into the recent killings. Syria-Israel peace track and requesting the for a ceasefire and comprehensive Secretary-General to provide more regular On 21 April, Syrian emergency laws, in peace. and in-depth reporting. place since 1963, were lifted, followed by • S/RES/242 (22 November 1967) a significant intensification of Syrian Council Dynamics called for the withdrawal of Israeli repression of demonstrations, including by There is consensus that UNDOF remains forces from the occupied territories. military operations. useful in the absence of a peace agreement Security Council Presidential Statement between Israel and Syria. What is less clear In February, John Kerry, head of the US • S/PRST/2010/30 (22 December 2010) to Council members is whether they should Senate Foreign Relations Committee, was the latest statement following the recalibrate their thinking about UNDOF and briefed Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin renewal of UNDOF. the Syria-Israel stalemate. Most members Netanyahu on his talks with Assad to renew are aware that the language in its regular Security Council Meeting Record Israel-Syria peace talks. (Israeli-Syrian talks presidential statement intended to refer to • S/PV.6524 (27 April 2011) was a brief- under Turkish mediation were suspended the Israel/Palestine issue—“drawing atten- ing by Under-Secretary-General B. after Israeli incursions into Gaza in tion to the wider issues in the region and Lynn Pascoe on the situation in Syria December 2008. Previously, the last noting that the situation in the Middle East followed by a Council public debate, attempt at peace talks was in 2000.) will remain tense”—now seems less well which included statements by Council members and Syria.

16 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org • S/PV.6462 (22 December 2010) was Key Recent Developments on the most recent UNDOF renewal. In May, the Council considered the Secretary-General’s latest regular report on SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Latest Secretary-General’s Report Somalia. In a briefing on 11 May, Mahiga Monthly • S/2010/607 (1 December 2010) focused in particular on efforts to forge an agreement among key stakeholders on 2011 Human Rights Council JUNE FORECAST • A/HRC/RES/S-16/1 (29 April 2011) post-transitional arrangements and said requested an investigative mission to disagreement over whether to hold commitment from the Council on the Syria, with preliminary findings elections in July for the positions of deployment of a UN peacekeeping opera- expected in June and a follow-up president and speaker of parliament was a tion to take over from AMISOM. However, report in September. main obstacle. these concerns were not reflected in the final meeting communiqué which instead Also briefing the Council, Somali Prime stressed the importance of reliable Other Relevant Facts Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed resources for AMISOM and called on the UNDOF Force Commander highlighted improvements in the security international community “to make contribu- situation and progress made in delivering Maj.-Gen. Natalio C. Ecarma (Philippines) tions urgently to AMISOM, without caveats.” basic services to the population. With Size and Composition of Mission regard to elections, he said the Transitional In April, the International Maritime Bureau (31 March 2011) Federal Government (TFG) did not believe reported that there had been a steep rise in Strength: 1,047 troops, assisted by 76 the current parliament had the constitu- piracy off the coast of Somalia in the first military observers of the UN Truce tional mandate to elect a new president. three months of the year. The high level of Supervision Organisation’s Observer Only a parliament legally elected after the piracy activity seemed to continue in May Group Golan, supported by 41 end of the transitional period would have with several new attacks being reported international civilian personnel and 104 the mandate to do so. every week. Somali pirates are currently local civilian staff holding 26 ships and 518 hostages. A May In a presidential statement, the Council Troop contributors: Austria, Canada, report on the economics of piracy by regretted the TFG’s failure to attend the Croatia, India, Japan and the Philippines Geopolicity, an international management consultative meeting convened by Mahiga Approved Budget consultancy group, estimated the total cost in Nairobi on 12 and 13 April and called on of Somali piracy in 2010 at $4.9 billion to 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011: $47.8 it to participate constructively in the consul- $8.3 billion and predicted that the annual million (A/C.5/65/15) tative process. It urged the Transitional cost could rise to between $13 billion to $15 Federal Institutions (TFIs) to reach agree- billion based on current trends. ment as soon as possible on the holding of Somalia elections “without which there can be no Developments in the Sanctions extension” of the TFIs’ mandates. Committee Expected Council Action This message was reiterated on 25 May, On 23 May the Secretary-General’s In June, Council members will have a when Council members met with TFI repre- Special Representative on Children and heightened appreciation of the issues in sentatives, including the president, the Armed Conflict Radhika Coomaras- Somalia following their meetings in Nairobi prime minister and the speaker of parlia- wamy briefed the Sanctions Committee on 25 May with Somali leaders. A report ment during a two-day visit to Nairobi as for Somalia and Eritrea. (This was among from the Secretary-General is expected on part of the Council mission to Africa. The the recommendations of the recent the proposal to establish a specialised Nairobi visit included meetings with regional conclusions on Somalia adopted by the court system to prosecute Somali pirates. leaders, UN officials and civil society as Council’s Working Group on Children (This arose from the January 2011 report by well. At a press conference, the UK ambas- and Armed Conflict. It was only Cooma- Jack Lang, the Special Adviser to the Secre- sador Mark Lyall Grant said Council raswamy’s second interaction with a tary-General, which recommended the members had sent a very strong message Council sanctions committee. The first establishment of an extraterritorial Somali to Somali leaders and told them that the was in May 2010 when she briefed the court and specialised courts in Puntland international community’s support could Sanctions Committee for the and Somaliland.) A briefing on the report not be assured if the infighting continued. Democratic Republic of the Congo.) is expected. Coomaraswamy proposed that viola- Somalia was also discussed at the annual The Council is also focused on “post- tions against children should be added consultative meeting between the Security transitional arrangements” for Somalia to the listing criteria under the Somalia Council and the AU Peace and Security given that the transitional period ends on 20 sanctions regime and that an expert on Council in Addis Ababa on 21 May, focus- August. A meeting among key Somali children and armed conflict should be ing in particular on transitional issues as stakeholders scheduled for 11 to 16 June in requested to serve on the Monitoring well as the role of the AU Mission for Mogadishu could lead to a Council Group when its mandate comes up for Somalia (AMISOM). The issue of funding for response. It is possible that following the renewal in July. The Committee was AMISOM continues to be a key AU concern. meeting the Secretary-General’s Special also briefed by the coordinator of the It appears that the AU side reiterated its Representative Augustine Mahiga will brief Monitoring Group Matt Bryden. request for contingent-owned equipment to Council members. be reimbursed and also wanted a clearer

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 17 Key Issues not due until 11 June and some complex Iran As piracy attacks seem to continue legal and financial issues will have to be unabated in spite of action taken so far, a considered. Expected Council Action key issue for the Council in June is whether The Council is expected to receive a brief- the establishment of specialised piracy The UK is the lead country on Somalia, but ing from the chair of the sanctions courts would be the right response or Russia has taken the lead on legal issues committee on Iran in June. The chair typi- whether other measures would be more related to piracy and drafted resolution cally briefs the Council every 90 days. effective. A related issue is whether the 1976 in close coordination with France. The mandate of the panel of experts that situation has reached some kind of tipping assists the Iran sanctions committee point. (Lang warned against this in his UN Documents expires on 9 June. The Council is expected report, stressing the need to act with Security Council Resolutions to extend the panel’s mandate. “extreme urgency.”) • S/RES/1976 (11 April 2011) welcomed Key Recent Developments The other key issue is whether Somali the report of the Special Adviser on A new IAEA report on Iran’s implementation leaders will heed the strong warnings from Legal Issues Related to Piracy off the of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty the Council about the transitional process. coast of Somalia and requested a Safeguards Agreement and relevant A related issue is what role the Council report within two months on the Council resolutions is expected before the should continue to play in bringing about an modalities of establishing specialised briefing in June. The last IAEA report, on 25 agreement as time is quickly running out. courts to try suspected pirates. • S/RES/1964 (22 December 2010) February, said that the agency was continu- Options renewed the authorisation of AMISOM ing to evaluate the amount of enriched Main options for the Council in June include: until 30 September and raised its nuclear material produced by Iran. (An n continuing to defer a decision on Lang’s troop level to 12,000. IAEA inventory in October 2010, when recommendation; Presidential Statement taken together with Iran’s estimate of mate- n overcoming political and financial rial produced through February, indicates • S/PRST/2011/10 (11 May 2011) hesitations and moving quickly to adopt that Iran may have produced 3,606 kilo- focused on the consultative process a resolution for the establishment of grams of low enriched uranium [LEU] and on post-transitional arrangements a specialised court system to 43.6 kilograms of uranium enriched to 20 for Somalia. prosecute pirates; per cent.) n adopting a statement reinforcing the Secretary-General’s Reports The IAEA report is likely to conclude that consistent messages on the transitional • S/2011/277 (28 April 2011) was the Iran is not implementing a number of its process following the consultative latest regular report. obligations, including: meeting in Mogadishu in June; or • S/2010/394 (26 July 2010) provided n implementation of the provisions of the n moving in the Sanctions Committee to options for addressing Somali piracy. Additional Protocol (under the terms of apply targeted sanctions against Meeting Record the Additional Protocol, the IAEA is those involved in piracy off the coast of granted expanded rights of access to Somalia. (In April 2010, the UK objected • S/PV.6532 (11 May 2011) was the information and sites to address to the listing of two pirate leaders by Special Representative’s latest concerns about nuclear activities); putting a hold on their names. This has briefing on Somalia. n suspension of enrichment-related activi- yet to be lifted and numerous others Other ties; and could also be considered.) • S/AC.51/2011/2 (1 March 2011) were n clarification of possible military dimen- the conclusions on Somalia of the Council Dynamics sions to its nuclear programme. Council’s Working Group on Children When the Council first considered Lang’s and Armed Conflict. The chair of the Iran sanctions committee, recommendations back in January, mem- • S/2011/30 (24 January 2011) was a Ambassador Néstor Osorio of Colombia, bers were divided over his proposal to letter from the Secretary-General last briefed the Council on 22 March. He establish a specialised court system. transmitting Jack Lang’s report reported that the committee had received France, Russia and a majority of elected on piracy. two reports from member states regarding members supported it. However, the UK separate possible sanctions violations and the US were less enthusiastic and Additional Useful Source involving Iran’s procuring items that could argued that more information was needed The Economics of Piracy—Pirate Ransoms be used in enrichment-related activities or on practical implementation issues. The & Livelihoods off the Coast of Somalia, for the development of nuclear-weapon request for another report from the Geopolicity, May 2011. delivery systems. He said the number of Secretary-General was therefore a compro- reported sanctions violations is a matter of mise between these two opposing serious concern, but the willingness of positions. Whether the UK and the US will member states to report violations is posi- be inclined to support any further decisions tive and should be encouraged. Osorio also at this stage is likely to depend on the find- said that on 4 March the committee was ings of the report. It seems unlikely, briefed by the coordinator of the panel of however, that the Council would be ready to experts. The panel had begun its activities take action in June given that the report is

18 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org by discussing its programme of work, inves- submitted to the HRC in accordance with tigating a reported violation of the arms General Assembly resolution 65/226, the embargo and conducting an assessment of UN Secretary-General had noted that SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT member state implementation reports. although the government had issued a Monthly The panel of experts submitted a report to standing invitation to UN human rights JUNE 2011 the Council in mid-May. The document, mandate holders, no visit has taken place FORECAST which was leaked to media outlets, report- since 2005. The Secretary-General edly says Iran has violated the sanctions encouraged Iran to facilitate such visits UN Documents regime by repeatedly engaging in multiple as a matter of priority in order that they might Selected Council Resolutions banned transfers of conventional arms to conduct more comprehensive assess- Syria. It appears Russia is blocking publica- ments and facilitate technical assistance. • S/RES/1929 (9 June 2010) imposed tion of the experts report at this time. (Iran a fourth round of sanctions on Iran. was also mentioned in the context of the Key Issues • S/RES/1887 (24 September 2009) reaffirmed previous resolutions related May report by the Democratic People’s The key issue is whether the mandate of the to Iran’s nuclear activities. Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) panel of experts should be renewed. panel of experts, which apparently raised • S/RES/1835 (27 September 2008) the possibility that the DPRK and Iran have Another issue is whether Council members reaffirmed commitment to a also been transporting items prohibited might want to take up the question of negotiated solution within the E3+3 by that sanctions regime. Iran’s Foreign engagement in substantive talks on the dual-track framework, and called Ministry has denied this.) nuclear programme and compliance with upon Iran to comply with previous Council sanctions regimes. Council resolutions. On the question of the Iranian nuclear • S/RES/1803 (3 March 2008) reiterated Options programme, a spokesperson for EU foreign existing measures against Iran and Options for the Council include: policy chief Catherine Ashton said on 11 imposed additional ones. n a simple technical renewal of the commit- May that the EU had received a letter from • S/RES/1747 (24 March 2007) estab- tee’s panel of experts for another year; Iran indicating openness to further discus- lished a ban on Iran’s arms exports n including an expression of concern over sions, but that it contained no change in and added names to the list of people Iran’s continuing disregard of previous position that would justify another meeting and entities subject to assets freeze. Council decisions; between Iran and the E3+3. (The E3+3 is • S/RES/1737 (23 December 2006) n requesting the committee to designate comprised of China, France, Germany, banned trade with Iran of certain items additional individuals or entities as sub- Russia, the UK and the US. A January E3+3 related to nuclear activities and ject to the sanctions currently in place; or meeting with Iran in Istanbul was viewed as weapon-delivery systems, imposed n encouraging Iran and the E3+3 to find disappointing by the group.) an asset freeze on certain persons common ground on substantive talks as and entities and established a On 23 May the EU expanded the assets a matter of urgency. sanctions committee. freeze it imposed against some individuals • S/RES/1696 (31 July 2006) demanded in Iran and on 24 May the US announced Council and Broader Dynamics that Iran suspend all enrichment- that it would sanction seven international Most Council members appear to view the related and reprocessing activities, firms for violating its sanctions law on Iran. work of the panel of experts positively. including research and development, US Deputy Secretary of State James There seems to be wide support for extend- to be verified by the IAEA. Steinberg said that economic measures ing the mandate of the panel in June. Selected Meeting Record against Iran should continue in order to Although most Council members remain prompt a change in its behaviour with concerned about the continued develop- • S/PV.6502 (22 March 2011) was the regard to its nuclear programme. ment of Iran’s nuclear programme, there most recent briefing by the chair of the 1737 Committee. Human Rights-Related seems to be little appetite for opening new Developments negotiations on the imposition of additional Latest IAEA Report Council sanctions at this time. However, the • GOV/2011/7 (25 February 2011) On 24 March the Human Rights Council recent additional economic measures (HRC) adopted by a vote of 22 to 7 (with imposed by the EU and the US seem to Other Relevant Facts 14 abstentions) a resolution establishing demonstrate a continuing determination. a mandate of a special rapporteur on the Sanctions Committee Chairman situation of human rights in Iran. The Most members are also very concerned Ambassador Néstor Osorio (Colombia) rapporteur will report to the HRC at its about Iran’s compliance with sanctions 19th session in March 2012 and prepare resolutions imposed by the Council. It is Useful Additional Source an interim report for the General unclear at present exactly what reservations Charles D. Ferguson, “Steps Toward a Deal Assembly at its 66th session this Russia has about the experts report. There on Enhanced Safeguards for Iran’s Nuclear October. The resolution called on the seems to be a feeling among Council Program”, Arms Control Today, March 2011 government to cooperate fully with the members that no significant role for the special rapporteur and to allow him or Council is politically feasible at present. her to visit Iran. Earlier, in a report

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 19 DPRK (North Korea) (The statement said constructive dialogue had so far not shown any commitment to between the two Koreas and an improve- implement the recommendations and Expected Council Action ment in their bilateral relations were conclusions of the HRC’s universal The mandate of the panel of experts that essential to progress.) periodic review of the DPRK. assists the DPRK sanctions committee The US special representative for North expires on 12 June. It is expected that the Korea policy, Stephen Bosworth, travelled Key Issues Council will extend the panel’s mandate. to the ROK from 16 to 18 May for talks with The key issue for the Council at present Key Recent Developments the South’s special representative for is whether to renew the mandate of Former US President Jimmy Carter, former Korean Peninsula peace and security the panel of experts that assists the sanc- Irish President Mary Robinson, former affairs, Wi Sung-lac, and other officials. In tions committee. Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari and remarks after the discussions, Bosworth A related issue is whether the current former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro said communication and coordination sanctions regime is proving effective. Brundtland visited the Democratic People’s between the ROK and the US were Republic of Korea (DPRK) from 26 to 28 extremely good and that they had almost Underlying Problems April. The group hoped to confirm the reached a common view on the possibility A key underlying problem is the continuing willingness of the DPRK to engage directly of providing food assistance to the DPRK. refusal of the DPRK to abide by Council with the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to On 17 May the chair of the DPRK Sanctions resolutions and a lack of progress identify ways to provide humanitarian food Committee delivered a regular 90-day brief- towards substantive talks on the DPRK aid to the country. At the conclusion of their ing to the Council in informal consultations. nuclear programme. trip on 28 April they received a written mes- It seems that many Council members urged sage from DPRK leader Kim Jong Il calling Options that the panel of experts’ report be pub- for a resumption of six-party talks and say- Options include: lished as soon as possible. However, China ing he supported inter-Korean dialogue, n a simple technical resolution to renew apparently said that it required more time to including a summit meeting with ROK the mandate of the experts; analyse its contents. President Lee Myung-bak. Carter empha- n more sustained efforts to secure agree- sised to ROK officials the same day the dire On 18 May China’s assistant minister of ment on release of the recent report; or need for food aid that he had witnessed in foreign affairs, Hu Zhengyue, denied n waiting while the parties continue consid- the north. China was a transit point for banned DPRK ering a re-engagement in talks and to missile components. allow more time for Council members to The panel of experts that assists the DPRK digest the latest panel of experts’ report. sanctions committee submitted the final On 20 May, Kim Jong Il was reported to report under its current mandate to the have begun an unannounced trip to China, Council and Wider Dynamics Council in mid-May. It seems that China has apparently for talks related to the DPRK’s Most Council members appear to be fully some difficulties with the report. (A version economic development. supportive of extending the mandate of the leaked to media outlets suggests that items committee’s panel of experts. The panel prohibited by the sanctions regime have US special envoy for human rights in has come to be viewed as essential to the been transferred between the DPRK and the DPRK, Robert King, travelled to the committee’s work and therefore to the effec- Iran on aircraft that transit through a third DPRK on 24 May for talks related to tive monitoring of the sanctions regime. humanitarian issues. country (possibly China)). Formal publica- Some members are concerned that the tion of the report seems unlikely for the time Human Rights-Related recent contention over the contents of the being. (It took six months to get agreement Developments panel’s final report (as well as the question to publicly release the panel’s 2010 report of how soon it may be published) may During its March session, the Human because of China’s reluctance.) develop into a more general disagreement Rights Council (HRC) received the report on the role and function of the panel. Never- On 9 May, ROK President Lee offered to of its special rapporteur on the situation theless, many Council members believe meet with Kim Jong Il at a nuclear security of human rights in the DPRK. The special that extending the panel of experts for summit scheduled to be held in Seoul in rapporteur, Marzuki Darusman, strongly another year should be fairly straightfor- 2012 if the DPRK took responsibility for the urged all parties to reconvene the six- ward, especially if the renewal resolution sinking of an ROK navy ship and the shell- party talks to create an environment for retains the current mandate and makeup of ing of Yeonpyeong island, both in 2010. progress on human rights by addressing the panel. DPRK state media carried a government regional peace and stability. Darusman response that the offer was “ridiculous.” also stressed the need for the interna- Many committee members remain con- tional community to provide continued Senior US and Chinese officials met in cerned by the DPRK’s efforts to circumvent humanitarian support, including food Washington from 9 to 10 May. At the con- sanctions measures, as well as its uranium and medicine, subject to “no access, no clusion of talks, the US State Department enrichment programme that came to light in aid.” At the same time, he called on the issued a statement that participants had 2010. However, they also seem to realise DPRK to address continued food scar- reiterated their common position on the that the sensitivities of the permanent city by improving the public distribution DPRK made in a joint statement in January members engaged in the six-party talks system and channeling or reallocating after talks between President Hu Jintao of process limit the scope for the Council to financial resources. The rapporteur China and US President Barack Obama. be more active. expressed concern that the government

20 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org UN Documents of writing, it was unclear whether the Council would take any action to acknowledge Selected Council Resolutions Iraq’s transition to a post-DFI mechanism. SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT • S/RES/1928 (7 June 2010) extended Key Recent Developments Monthly the mandate of the panel of experts On 8 April the UN Compensation Commis- that assists the DPRK Sanctions JUNE 2011 sion (UNCC) wrote to the Council to report FORECAST Committee until 12 June 2011. on a session of its governing council held • S/RES/1887 (24 September 2009) from 5 to 7 April. (The UNCC was created activities would help resolve the issue of reaffirmed that the proliferation of in 1991 to process claims and pay compen- missing Kuwaiti persons and property. nuclear weapons and their means of sation for losses suffered as a direct result delivery are threats to international A related issue is whether progress on the of Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.) At the session, peace and security. missing-persons issue might help in resolv- a number of governing council members • S/RES/1874 (12 June 2009) ing other Iraq/Kuwait issues, such as highlighted the ongoing importance of the condemned the DPRK’s 25 May 2009 compensation and the boundary between compensation fund and the need to retain underground nuclear test, expanded Iraq and Kuwait. (In extending the high-level current or similar arrangements to ensure the existing arms embargo and coordinator’s mandate in December 2010, that payments of 5 percent of oil revenue authorised inspection of cargoes to the Council expressed willingness to con- continue to be deposited into the fund after and from the DPRK, as well as vessels sider the continuation of his activities in the the expiration of the DFI and the Interna- on the high seas, and provided for the context of their review of the Secretary- tional Advisory and Monitoring Board creation of a panel of experts to assist General’s 2009 report on the Chapter VII (IAMB) at the end of June. the committee. resolutions Iraq is subject to.) • S/RES/1718 (14 October 2006) On 28 April the UNCC made $880 million Options expressed grave concern over the available to the Kuwaiti government for Options for the Council include: DPRK’s nuclear test, imposed sanc- distribution to nine successful claimants. n extending the activities of the high-level tions and set up a sanctions committee. The payment brings the overall amount coordinator for an additional six months • S/RES/1695 (15 July 2006) of compensation made available to date or longer; condemned the DPRK’s launch of by the UNCC globally to $32.2 billion. n allowing the high-level coordinator’s ballistic missiles. However, an outstanding balance of mandate to expire; and Latest Sanctions Committee approximately $20 billion remains owed n adopting a statement acknowledging Annual Report to Kuwait. Iraq’s successful transition to a post-DFI • S/2011/84 (18 February 2011) On 29 April, Iraq submitted to the Council its mechanism and reiterating the need to Selected Letter most recent report regarding arrangements resolve outstanding issues between Iraq and Kuwait before the removal of any • S/2010/571 (5 November 2010) was a for the transition to a DFI-successor. The further Chapter VII measures imposed note transmitting the final report of the report said Iraq had completed arrange- during the regime of Saddam Hussein. panel’s first year of work. ments to ensure an effective transition to a post-DFI mechanism. A new account will be Council and Wider Dynamics Other Relevant Facts opened at the US Federal Reserve Bank With regard to missing persons and prop- and all financial assets currently held in the Chairman of the Security Council erty, it seems that most Council members Development Fund for Iraq will be trans- Committee established pursuant to are waiting to hear from the high-level coor- resolution 1718 (2006) ferred to it. The account held in Iraq to dinator before taking a position on extending receive revenues from the export of oil will • Ambassador José Filipe Moraes his activities. However, in the past the Council continue to operate after 30 June and 5 Cabral (Portugal) has favoured the continuation of the percent of revenues will continue to be coordinator’s role in order to support any transferred to the UN Compensation Fund. momentum being built to resolve the issue. (Iraq will continue to use the same mecha- Iraq nism as under the DFI for deduction of the 5 There continues to be a feeling that percent compensation percentage in order progress on Iraq/Kuwait issues, including Expected Council Action to ensure transparency.) In addition, pro- borders and compensation as well as miss- The activities of the high-level coordinator, posals have been received from the big four ing persons, is key in order to lift remaining who advises the Security Council on the accounting firms to audit successor Chapter VII measures and allow Iraq to fully Iraq and Kuwait missing-persons issue, are accounts through 2011. An external auditor regain its international standing. Most currently authorised through 30 June. It is will be selected after the IAMB provides its Council members appear keen to continue expected that the Council will receive a opinion on the matter. monitoring progress on these issues report on the issue and a briefing from the throughout the year. high-level coordinator in June. The Council At press time it was unclear whether there Members appear to be satisfied that Iraq will likely decide whether to extend the had been any developments of note relat- has taken the expected actions necessary coordinator’s activities before the end of ing to Kuwaiti missing persons and property. to establish a DFI-successor mechanism. It the month. Key Issues is possible that Council members will agree In addition, the Development Fund for Iraq A key issue before the Council is whether on a press statement marking the termina- (DFI) terminates as of 30 June 2011. At time an extension of the high-level coordinator’s tion of the DFI. However, some point out

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 21 that since resolution 1956 explicitly laid out • S/2011/284 (8 April 2011) was from votes against the ruling left-wing Progres- the timetable and manner for accomplish- the UN Compensation Commission sive party of the Working People, which ing this, an additional statement at this time came in second with 32.67 percent. Both to the Council. is unnecessary. parties increased their share of the vote, compared with the corresponding percent- The US is the lead country on Iraq issues in Other Relevant Facts age in the 2006 parliamentary elections. general, and the UK is the lead on Iraq/ Secretary-General’s High-Level The government coalition partner, the Kuwait issues. Coordinator for Iraq/Kuwait Missing Democratic Party, won 15.77 percent of the Persons and Property UN Documents votes. The biggest surprise was the number Gennady Tarasov (Russia) of abstentions, reaching 113,282, an unprec- Selected Security Council Resolutions edented 21.32 percent. The parliamentary • S/RES/1958 (15 December 2010) election will not affect the continuation of terminated the Oil-for-Food programme Cyprus President Dimitris Christofias’ term of office, and established an escrow account to which continues until 2013. provide indemnification to the UN. Expected Council Action The Secretary-General will host a meeting • S/RES/1957 (15 December 2010) ter- In June, the special representative and of the leaders of the Greek Cypriot and minated the WMD-related Chapter VII head of the UN Peacekeeping Force in the Turkish Cypriot communities on 7 July measures and urged Iraq to ratify the Cyprus (UNFICYP), Lisa Buttenheim, will in Geneva. Additional Protocol as soon as possible. brief the Council in consultations on the • S/RES/1956 (15 December 2010) Secretary-General’s report due by early Cyprus will serve as the president of the EU extended the DFI and related immuni- June. The Council is expected to renew the in the second half of 2012. ties a final time until 30 June 2011. mandate of UNFICYP for another half-year. • S/RES/1905 (21 December 2009) Human Rights-Related extended the arrangements for the At press time, it is unclear if the Secretary- Developments General’s report on the good offices DFI and the IAMB until 31 December In her annual report on human rights in mission in Cyprus will be produced prior to 2010 and called on Iraq to develop an Cyprus, presented at the March session the Council meeting in June or be delayed action plan and timeline for a post-DFI of the Human Rights Council, the High until after his next meeting with the two mechanism in 2010. Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi leaders scheduled for 7 July. • S/RES/1859 (22 December 2008) Pillay, noted several positive develop- requested the Secretary-General to The mandate of the UNFICYP expires on ments in the reporting period, including report on all Council resolutions 15 June. the opening of a new crossing linking the concerning Iraq since 1990; a letter villages of Limnitis/Yeilirmak in the north Key Recent Developments from Iraq requesting the lifting of Sad- and Kato Pyrgos in the south. The open- On 15 March, Special Adviser on Cyprus dam-era resolutions is included ing of this crossing would, she hoped, Alexander Downer briefed Council mem- as an annex to the resolution. serve as an important confidence- bers in consultations on the status of the • S/RES/1483 (22 May 2003) building measure. Pillay observed, negotiations in Cyprus. In the briefing, established sanctions against the however, that the division of the island Downer said that talks between the two previous Iraqi government, created continued to constitute an obstacle to sides have intensified, yet little substantive the DFI, provided immunity to the full enjoyment of human rights progress has been made on the difficult Iraqi petroleum products and there. She hoped that the current efforts issues of property, territory, security and envisaged the termination of the by the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot guarantees. He said that upcoming elections Oil-for-Food programme. leaders to negotiate and achieve a in Cyprus and Turkey might stall progress • S/RES/1284 (17 December 1999) comprehensive settlement for Cyprus in the negotiations in the near future. appointed a High-Level Coordinator would help improve the human rights for Iraq/Kuwait missing persons Since March, the leaders and special repre- situation there. and property. sentatives of both parties have continued to • S/RES/692 (20 May 1991) established meet on a regular basis. In a statement to Key Issues the UN Compensation Commission the press on 5 May, Buttenheim said that The main issue for the Council in June is the and the UN Compensation Fund. significant progress was achieved on the renewal of UNFICYP’s mandate and how, if Selected Press Statement issue of international treaties. Convergen- at all, the status of the talks should impact • SC/10130 (17 December 2010) noted ces have reportedly also been reached on the reconfiguration of and an eventual exit the Council agreed to extend the the issues of EU matters and internal secu- strategy for, the mission. financing of the mandate of the high- rity. On the other hand, little progress seems Beyond the renewal of the mandate, the key level coordinator for six months. to have been achieved on the core issues of property, territory and shared governance. issue for the Council is how to engage the Selected Letters two sides to achieve speedier and more • S/2011/290 (29 April 2011) was On 22 May, the Greek Cypriots held parlia- substantive progress in the reunification Iraq’s most recent report regarding mentary elections. The main opposition talks and in implementing confidence- arrangements for the transition to party, the right-wing Democratic Rally, building measures. a DFI-successor. topped the polls with 34.27 percent of the

22 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org Options The Turkish Cypriots think that such a Options for the Council include: conference should be attended by the two n renewing the mandate of UNFICYP at its communities plus Turkey, Greece and the SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT current configuration; UK (the latter three being the guarantor par- Monthly n including new language encouraging the ties) and convened at the earliest possible parties to reach a settlement, emphasis- opportunity to deal with outstanding issues. JUNE 2011FORECAST ing that the process cannot be indefinite, The Greek Cypriots would like the confer- especially in light of key events (elec- ence to be attended in addition by the P5 tions, Cyprus EU presidency) that may and the EU and for the Republic of Cyprus Central African Republic hinder the negotiation process in the next to be symbolically represented as such, a Expected Council Action couple of years; position the Turkish Cypriots oppose. The Council is expecting to receive the n encouraging the UN good-offices mis- semi-annual report on BINUCA in June. At UN Documents sion to intensify its support for the talks press it was unclear whether they would between the opposing sides in an Selected Security Council Resolution consider the Secretary-General’s report on attempt to bolster their momentum; or • S/RES/1953 (14 December 2010) CAR in June. It seemed possible that it might n including language in the resolution renewed UNFICYP’s mandate until 15 be deferred to July. focusing more on possible confidence- June, urged the leaders of the two BINUCA’s mandate expires on 31 December. building measures. sides to “intensify the momentum in Council Dynamics the negotiations” and develop “a Key Recent Developments The dynamics of the Council regarding practical plan for overcoming The security situation in the Central African Cyprus continue to be affected by the rela- the major remaining points Republic (CAR) remains fragile. Banditry, tionship of various members with the of disagreement.” extreme poverty and lack of capacity by Cypriot parties. Russia, and to some extent Latest Secretary-General’s Reports defense and security forces and the judi- ciary continue to impede peace consolidation. France, lean towards the Greek Cypriots, • S/2010/605 (26 November 2010) was and the UK is more sympathetic to the on UNFICYP. On 31 December 2010 the UN Mission in Turkish Cypriot side. • S/2011/112 (4 March 2011) was on the CAR and Chad (MINURCAT) completed Negotiations around the language included good-offices mission in Cyprus. its withdrawal and the handover of its in resolutions on UNFICYP have been used Other programmes to the governments of Chad and CAR and UN agencies. This has left a in the past to assert pressure on the parties. • S/PV. 6445 (14 December 2010) was security vacuum in northeastern CAR, However, at the moment many Council the meeting record of the Council’s which has yet to be filled with any sufficient members feel that this will be of little practi- adoption of resolution 1953 with security arrangement. cal effect, especially since it comes prior to Turkey’s explanation of vote. the meeting of the leaders with the • S/2010/570 (2 November 2010) was a The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), the Secretary-General in July. letter from Turkey responding to Ugandan rebel group, continues to perpe- Some members are optimistic that the Christofias’ statement in the General trate attacks in CAR. On 13 March the LRA Secretary-General will be able to use the Assembly on 24 September. attacked a village in the central mining area opportunity of the meeting in Geneva to of Nzako, killing at least six people, includ- stimulate the parties to achieve progress. Other Relevant Facts ing four CAR soldiers, and abducting This, accompanied by bilateral pressure, UNFICYP: Special Representative of the between 30 and 50 others. On 18 January may create a renewed momentum in the Secretary-General and Head of Mission the LRA attacked two villages, Agoumar talks. Some have hopes for a possible inter- Lisa M. Buttenheim (USA) and Madabazouma, in southern CAR, national conference before the end of the abducting 12 civilians, mostly women. UNFICYP: Force Commander year. Several Council members emphasise The Convention of Patriots for Justice and that, in light of the failure of the Annan Plan Maj. Gen. Chao Liu (China) Peace (CPJP), a CAR rebel group, in 2004, both sides bear the responsibility to UNFICYP: Size, Composition, announced a ceasefire on 28 April to enable prepare their communities for the inevitable Cost and Duration the opening of negotiations with the gov- compromises of an agreed solution and Strength (as of 31 December 2010): ernment of CAR. CPJP draws most of its that not enough has been done to address 922 military personnel, 68 police, 37 support from northeastern and southern this issue by the parties. international civilian personnel and CAR and has been behind several 113 local civilian staff In the latest report on the good offices mis- anti-government attacks, including elec- Troop contributors: Argentina, Austria, sion, the Secretary-General reported that it tion-related violence in February and an Brazil, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Hungary, was agreed that international treaties, secu- attack in the northeastern city of Birao in Paraguay, Peru, Serbia, Slovakia and rity and guarantees could be discussed at November 2010, in which six people were the UK the conference, but that maps and figures killed and several soldiers were captured. Annual Budget: $58 million related to territory would be discussed at Duration: 4 March 1964 to present; On 23 January, Francois Bozize was re- the last phase of the negotiation process. mandate expires 15 June elected as president of CAR after receiving 66 percent of the vote. The results were widely contested, and the outcome was

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 23 immediately rejected by three of the five Strategy Paper (PRSP). The PRSP the PBC Country Specific Configuration candidates, who called the balloting a describes macroeconomic, structural, would be a related option. “masquerade.” Following calls for redress- and social policies and programs Another option would be to lift the profile ing electoral irregularities, three electoral needed to promote growth and reduce of the security situation in the country by commission officials were arrested on 11 poverty, as well as associated external issuing a statement. February as part of a fraud investigation. financing needs. The PRSP is built on Also on 11 February, amid election-related four pillars: security, peace and conflict Council Dynamics tensions, CAR soldiers clashed with CPJP prevention; good governance and the There continues to be general consensus rebels in eastern CAR, killing seven rebels. rule of law; economic revitalisation; and among Council members on the need to support the peacebuilding process in CAR. On 19 May, Secretary-General Ban Ki- human development. But Council members tend to take a wait- moon announced the appointment of and-see perspective on how to address the Margaret Vogt of Nigeria as his special rep- Human Rights-Related situation. The Secretary-General’s report resentative and head of the UN Integrated Developments and Vogt’s briefing may influence the Peacebuilding Office in the Central African In his latest report under resolution 1612 Council’s next steps. Republic (BINUCA), replacing the outgoing submitted to the Council and its Working special representative, Sahle-Work Zewde. Group on Children and Armed Conflict France is the lead country on this issue in the Council. On 2 March the UN opened a new political on 13 April, the Secretary-General expressed his continuing grave concern office designed to support Central African UN Documents nations in their efforts to consolidate peace, over the use of children in armed conflict prevent conflict and tackle cross-border in CAR. While noting that he was encour- Selected Presidential Statement arms trafficking and organised crime. The aged by the government’s efforts to • S/PRST/2010/29 (20 December 2010) UN Regional Office in Central Africa develop accountability for violence was on the situation in Chad and CAR. (UNOCA) located in Libreville, Gabon, has against children, the Secretary-General • S/PRST/2010/26 (14 December 2010) an initial mandate of two years and will work urged CAR to ensure that grave human extended the mandate of BINUCA for closely with the Economic Community of rights violations against children, espe- another 12 months. Central African States, composed of cially child recruitment, sexual violence • S/PRST/2009/35 (21 December 2009) Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, and abductions, were rigorously welcomed the establishment of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the addressed and prosecuted. He called BINUCA, called for all political Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Sao on the government to issue clear orders, stakeholders to “ensure free, fair, Tome and Principe. UNOCA will give high including at the local level, prohibiting transparent and credible preparation priority to early warning and early political the recruitment and use of children by and conduct of the 2010 elections” action as tools for conflict prevention. local self-defence militias. and asked that the elections take place within the timeframe set by On 8 December 2010, Zewde briefed the the constitution. Council, as did the chair of the CAR config- Key Issues uration of the Peacebuilding Commission A key issue is the security situation in north- Secretary-General’s Report (PBC), Belgian Ambassador Jan Grauls. eastern CAR, which remains precarious • S/2011/241 (13 April 2011) was the Grauls said that the integrated strategic following MINURCAT’s withdrawal. report on children and armed conflict framework developed by BINUCA had A second issue is the threat to stability in CAR. incorporated the priorities identified by the posed by the LRA and determining how this PBC-Related Document PBC, which would help further strengthen can best be addressed within the Council’s • PBC/4/CAF/5 (11 February 2010) the cohesion between the PBC, BINUCA wider approach to tackling the LRA threat in contained the recommendations and and the government. On 14 December, the the subregion. conclusions on the first biannual Council extended the mandate of BINUCA review of the Strategic Framework for for another 12 months. A third issue is the need for security sector reform and good governance, Peacebuilding in CAR. Developments in the including establishing rule of law capacity Council Meeting Record Peacebuilding Commission in terms of moving forward with the peace- • S/PV.6438 (8 December 2010) was The Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) building process. the briefing by then-Special Represen- will host a donor’s roundtable on 16-17 Options tative Sahle-Work Zewde and chair of June in Brussels. The event, which the One option for the Council is to simply the CAR configuration of the PBC, PBC is coordinating in collaboration with receive the briefing. Belgian ambassador Jan Grauls. the government of CAR, the World Bank, Letters the UN Development Programme and A second option would be to make a deter- • S/2011/292 (10 May 2011) was from the African Development Bank, seeks to mined effort in the CAR case to build on the the Council President on the appoint- involve traditional and non-traditional thematic conclusion reached by the Council ment of Margaret Vogt of Nigeria as donors, including foundations and the in its debate in February on Security and special representative for BINUCA. private sector, to mobilise resources Development and the need to address root • S/2011/291 (6 May 2011) was in support of the Poverty Reduction causes. Further integrating its efforts with addressed to the Council President from

24 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org the Secretary-General on his intention to environment for enhanced civilian control appoint Margaret Vogt of Nigeria as the and reform of the security sector, fighting special representative for CAR. impunity and tackling illicit drug traffick- SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT ing; and Monthly Useful Additional Source n reiterating the Council’s request to the An uncertain future? Children and armed UN Secretary-General to engage with the JUNE 2011FORECAST conflict in the Central African Republic, Economic Community of West African Internal Displacement Monitoring Center States (ECOWAS) and Community of (Please see SCR’s Special Research and Watchlist on Children and Armed Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) Report, Emerging Security Threats in West Conflict, May 2011 with a view to undertaking a joint assess- Africa of May 2011.) ment of the requirements to support the rapid implementation of the ECOWAS- Underlying Problems CPLP road map. Perennially weak state institutions have Guinea-Bissau greatly undermined governance in In March the government of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau and resulted in military Expected Council Action and ECOWAS leaders endorsed the insubordination to civilian leadership and In June the Council is expected to consider ECOWAS-CPLP road map for security intensified development gaps resulting in a report on Guinea-Bissau. The head of the sector reform. critical socioeconomic challenges. Illicit UN office, Joseph Mutaboba, will likely brief drug trafficking and cross-border organised the Council. The mandate of UNIOGBIS The UN Department of Political Affairs and crime now threaten effective peace consoli- expires on 31 December. ECOWAS undertook an assessment from 11 to 16 April of requirements to support the dation in the country. Key Recent Developments rapid implementation of the ECOWAS- Options Mutaboba last briefed the Council on 25 CPLP road map. Options for the Council include: February on developments in Guinea- n issuing a statement to signal its contin- Bissau. He noted that while there had been Human Rights Related ued concern that the peace consolidation progress in the political and security Developments process must remain on track; spheres, the situation in the country On 11 May the Guinea-Bissau Ministry n adopting a wait-and-see stance until the remained tenuous and complex. of Justice and the UN Development December UNIOGBIS mandate renewal He highlighted four key issues: Programme (UNDP) published a report and closely following developments on n the need to enhance the stability of state on efforts being made to strengthen the the ground; institutions and to jump-start implemen- justice sector in the country. The main n deciding to revisit the regional implica- tation of the security sector reform finding was the lack of capacity by the tions of the emerging threats and programme for the defence sector; government to protect vulnerable scheduling a Council debate on this later n the national dialogue and conference groups and to make them aware of their in 2011; or process; human rights. The report recommended n deciding to establish a Panel of Experts n impunity, drug trafficking and organised the reinforcement of the state presence to assist the Council on emerging threats crime; and (courts, police stations and justice in West Africa and mandating the panel n the complex relationship between the officials) in outlying districts as well as to report to the Council in good time international community and the authori- the establishment of structures to pro- before the scheduled debate. ties of Guinea-Bissau. tect women and children. Council Dynamics Council members generally appear to Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior of Key Issues Guinea-Bissau, who also participated in the welcome the initial progress being made A key issue for the Council will be how to meeting, briefed the Council on the evolu- regarding the situation in Guinea-Bissau, respond to the findings of the DPA/ tion of the situation in his country, including including the endorsement of the roadmap, ECOWAS assessment mission and whether the political, socioeconomic and interna- but remain wary in light of the previous to adopt the mandate of the UN Integrated tional challenges confronting it. pattern of significant political and Peace-Building Office in Guinea-Bissau security setbacks. The Council issued a press statement: (UNIOGBIS) or supplement the mandate n welcoming the release of those previ- with new guidance. The UK, US, France and Germany seem to ously detained in connection with the prefer pushing for early concrete action by Another key issue is better integrating the army mutiny of 1 April 2010; the government to address the challenges Council’s work with that of the Peacebuild- n expressing continued concern at the in the country, especially those relating to ing Commission (PBC) and the challenges insecurity and growth in transnational the rule of law and justice. Others, such as for both bodies in finding the time, capacity organised crime, including illicit drug Brazil, Nigeria and South Africa, advocate a and creative working methods to this end. trafficking, and reiterating the need to more cautious and sustained prompting of tackle the problem of illicit drug trafficking Another issue is the impact of emerging the government, arguing that practical in the countries of origin, transit and threats to national stability and regional constraints facing the national authorities final destination; peace and security posed by drug traffick- have to be taken into consideration. n emphasising the need for Guinea-Bissau ing, as well as organised crime, which have to intensify efforts in creating an enabling become problematic in parts of West Africa.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 25 A common point of convergence for The Council is expected to adopt a resolu- ICTR statute that the president be a trial Council members is the need to convey the tion for each tribunal responding to various judge and that the president be resident at sense that they are closely monitoring technical requests submitted by the the seat of the court, in order for it to be pos- developments on the ground, which might tribunals’ presidents relating to the sible for the president to be redeployed to suggest that a Council statement based on extension of judges’ mandates. the appeals chamber sitting in The Hague. the upcoming Secretary-General’s report Alternatively, Byron suggested the Council The working group will also hear a briefing will be possible. authorise that an ad-litem judge be elected from the presidents and prosecutors and vice president and become president later Nigeria is the lead country on this issue in continue to discuss practical arrangements on, after the departure of the president. the Council. for the residual mechanism. Key Recent Developments On 25 May, ICTR Prosecutor Hassan Jallow UN Documents announced that Bernard Munyagishari was On 22 December 2010, the Council adopted arrested in the DRC by the Congolese Security Council Resolution resolution 1966, establishing the interna- Army, with the participation of the ICTR • S/RES/1949 (23 November 2010) tional residual mechanism for criminal tracking unit, and will be transferred to the renewed the mandate of UNIOGBIS tribunals, with two branches. (The mecha- Tribunal. Munyagishari is a former Hutu until 31 December 2011. nism is meant to carry out the essential militia leader charged with counts of geno- Presidential Statement remaining functions of the tribunals, includ- cide and crimes against humanity for ing the trial of fugitives, after their closure.) • S/PRST/2010 15 (22 July 2010) allegedly recruiting, training and leading The branch for the International Criminal expressed concern at the prevailing militiamen in acts of mass killings and rapes Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) will commence security situation in Guinea-Bissau against the Tutsi population. functioning on 1 July 2012 and the branch and stressed the need for genuine for the International Tribunal for the former security-sector reform in the country. Key Issues Yugoslavia (ICTY) on 1 July 2013. Annexed The immediate issue for the Council are the Letters to the resolution are the statute of the various requests from the tribunals’ presi- • S/2008/208 (25 March 2008) was residual mechanism and arrangements for dents relating to the extension of judges’ from the chair of the PBC to the the transition period before the closure of mandates and in particular to amend the president of the Council providing the tribunals. The Council requested the ICTR statute in order to fill the position of advice on peacebuilding priorities tribunals to conclude their work by 31 ICTR president. for Guinea-Bissau. December 2014. • S/2008/87 (28 December 2007) was Another issue is the continuing work of the from the chair of the PBC informing The presidents and prosecutors of the working group on tribunals on practical the president of the Council about the ICTY and ICTR last briefed the Council on 6 arrangements for the residual mechanism. December 2010. In his report of 12 May, placement of Guinea-Bissau on the Options PBC’s agenda. ICTY President Patrick Robinson reiterated his concerns about staff attrition and its Options for the Council include: Latest Secretary-General’s Report negative impact on the work of the tribunal. n adopting technical resolutions for each • S/2011/73 (25 October 2010) ICTY Prosecutor Serge Brammertz stressed tribunal responding to the various requests submitted by the presidents; Latest Press Statement in his report that Serbia must re-evaluate its failed strategy for apprehending the two n laying out solutions or options the Secre- • SC/10184 (25 February 2011) remaining fugitives and demonstrate tariat should employ to address the Latest Meeting Record more determination. staffing issues; or • S/PV.6489 (25 February 2011) n urging all states to cooperate with the tri- On 26 May, Serbian President, Boris Tadić, bunals on issues of evidence and Other Relevant Facts announced that former Bosnian Serb mili- appearance of witnesses. tary commander Ratko Mladić, has been Special Representative of the Secretary- arrested by the Serbian Security Intelli- Council Dynamics General and Head of UNIOGBIS gence Agency. Tadić confirmed that With the adoption of resolution 1966 and its Joseph Mutaboba (Rwanda) extradition to the ICTY is under way. Mladić, annexed statute setting up the residual Duration chief of the Bosnian Serb military, faces mechanism for the tribunals, the most substantive differences between Council 1 January 2010 to present; mandate charges over the massacre of at least 7,500 members have subsided. The working expires on 31 December 2011. Bosnian Muslim men and boys at Srebren- ica in 1995. group is meeting in June to consider the technical requests made by the presidents The ICTR report of 12 May highlighted that of the tribunals. It will also continue to ten fugitives remain at large, while Kenya discuss outstanding arrangements for the International Criminal has yet to provide credible information on Tribunals mechanism, such as sentencing arrange- Félicien Kabuga’s alleged departure from ments for condemned individuals and the Expected Council Action Kenya and the investigation and sequester- rules of procedure and evidence of the In June the presidents and prosecutors ing of his assets in the country. On 5 May, residual mechanism. These and other of the International Criminal Tribunals for President Dennis Byron wrote to the issues will become more pertinent as the the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda are Secretary-General, requesting that the mechanism’s operational date draw nearer. expected to brief the Council. Council remove the requirements in the

26 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org In addition, the working group continues to Other Relevant Documents monitor the progress of negotiations • S/2011/317 (12 May 2011) and between the tribunals and the UN Office of S/2011/316 (12 May 2011) were the SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT Legal Affairs on practical arrangements for latest reports from the ICTR and ICTY, Monthly the residual mechanism. respectively, on implementation of JUNE 2011 Council members seem comfortable with a their completion strategies. FORECAST resolution extending judges’ terms as • S/PV.6434 (6 December 2010) was needed. There is also support for amending the latest Council briefing by the the ICTR statute or approve the appoint- presidents and prosecutors of the ment of an ad-litem judge as vice-president, ICTY and ICTR. in accordance with President Byron’s letter. • A/64/PV.16 (8 October 2009) was the The decision is likely to depend on Presi- presentation in the General Assembly dent Byron’s exact request in his briefing of the tribunals’ annual reports. before the Council. Other Relevant Facts The briefing by the ICTY prosecutor will be much anticipated in light of the apprehen- ICTY sion of Mladić by Serbia after the conclusion • Former Croatian Serb politician of his report. As mentioned above, the Goran Hadžić still at large report criticised Serbian cooperation with • Former Bosnian Serb military the ICTY and its efforts to apprehend commander Ratko Mladić awaiting Mladić. The issue is of particular interest to extradition to the Tribunal the European members of the Council and • Three accused awaiting re-trial, 14 on other EU states, as the prosecutor’s com- trial and 11 at the appeal stage ments on Serbian and Croatian cooperation ICTR with the Tribunal may impact Croatia’s • Nine accused at large, of which three accession to the EU, now in its final stages, are considered high-ranking, includ- as well as Serbia’s progress towards ing Félicien Kabuga, a Rwandan EU membership. businessman accused of helping to UN Documents finance and organise the 1994 genocide • Bernard Munyagishari awaiting Selected Security Council Resolutions extradition to the Tribunal • S/RES/1966 (22 December 2010) • One accused awaiting trial, 20 on trial established the residual mechanism. and nine at the appeal stage • S/RES/1954 and S/RES/1955 (14 December 2010) on the ICTY and the ICTR respectively, extended the terms of office of the tribunals’ judges. Selected Report of the Secretary-General • S/2009/258 (21 May 2009) was on administrative and budgetary implica- tions of possible locations for ICTY and ICTR archives and the seat of the residual mechanism or mechanisms. Selected Letter • S/2010/513 (13 October 2010) was from the Secretary-General transmit- ting a request from the president of the ICTR for the Council to authorise two judges to complete their cases after their terms of office expire, extend the authorisation for the tribunal to tempo- rarily exceed the maximum number of ad-litem judges allowed by its statute and amend the statute to allow ad-litem judges to fill the positions of president and presiding judge.

Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org 27 Notable Dates for June Important Dates over the Report Due Reports for Consideration in June Requesting Document Horizon

13 May SG report on the DRC (MONUSCO) S/RES/1925 n A referendum on the administrative 18 May DRC Group of Experts S/RES/1952 status of Darfur may be held on 1 July. 31 May SG report on the Central African Republic (BINUCA) S/PRST/2010/26 n The Secretary-General will host a 31 May ICTY/ICTR completion strategy reports due S/RES/1534 meeting of the leaders of the Greek 1 June SG report on UNFICYP (Cyprus) S/RES/1953 Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot com- 10 June SG report on UNDOF (Golan Heights) S/RES/1965 munities, in Geneva on 7 July. 11 June SG report on Somalia Piracy S/RES/1976 n South Sudan independence will occur 15 June SG report on temporary UNMIL deployment S/RES/1981 on 9 July. to UNOCI (Côte d’Ivoire) n The “transitional” period in Somalia 16 June Iraq/Kuwait High-Level Coordinator report S/2011/99 expires in August. SC/10130 n The Liberian constitutional referendum 22 June SG report on UNIOGBIS (Guinea-Bissau) S/RES/1949 is scheduled for August. Mandate Expiry in June 2011 Relevant Document n Legislative and presidential elections 9 June Iran Panel of Experts (1737 Sanctions Committee) S/RES/1929 in Liberia are expected in October. 12 June DPRK Panel of Experts (1718 Sanctions Committee) S/RES/1928 n A summit-level meeting of the Arab 15 June UNFICYP (Cyprus) S/RES/1953 League is expected in March 2012 (it 17 June Monitoring Team for the 1267 Sanctions Committee S/RES/1904 was postponed twice on 15 May and (Taliban and Al-Qaida) 29 March) 30 June Ombudsperson for the 1267 Sanctions Committee S/PRST/2011/5 (Taliban and Al-Qaida) S/2010/282 30 June UNDOF (Golan Heights) S/RES/1965 SECURITY COUNCIL REPORT STAFF 30 June MONUSCO (DRC) S/RES/1925 Colin Keating, Executive Director 30 June Temporary redeployment and additional deployment S/RES/1981 Joanna Weschler, Deputy Executive Director and Director of Research to UNOCI (Côte d’Ivoire) S/RES/1967 Amanda Roberts, Coordinating Editor & June 2011 Other Important Dates Research Analyst Shamala Kandiah, Senior Research Analyst 3 June Council members will brief on visiting mission to Africa. Robert Afriyie, Research Analyst 5-7 June Next meeting of parties to Western Sahara dispute. Clare Gatehouse, Research Analyst 7 June President of Gabon Ali Bongo Ondimba will chair a Council debate Troy Prince, Research Analyst on the impact of HIV and AIDS on global security. Astrid Forberg Ryan, Research Analyst 23 June The Council will have its regular monthly briefing on the Middle East Eran Sthoeger, Research Analyst followed by consultations. Tim Caughley, Research Consultant 24 June The Council is expected to hold an open debate on drug trafficking Dahlia Morched, Research Assistant Amali Tower, Research Assistant and small arms and drug trafficking. Robbin VanNewkirk, Publications Coordinator 30 June The Iraq DFI and IAMB arrangements terminate as per resolution 1956. Maritza Tenerelli, Administrative Assistant Briefings expected in June: • Special Representative Roger Meece on the DRC Security Council Report is published with • Presidents and Prosecutors of the International Criminal Tribunals (ICTY and ICTR) the support of the Governments of Australia, • Under-Secretary-Generals Alain Le Roy (Peacekeeping) and Susana Malcorra (Field Support) on Canada, Germany, Liechtenstein, Norway, support for AU Peacekeeping Singapore and Switzerland, the John D. and • Office of Legal Affairs on Somalia Piracy • Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Alain Le Roy on Sudan Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the • Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs B. Lynn Pascoe on Libya William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. It is • Under-Secretary-General Pascoe, on DPA issues incorporated as a not for profit Organisation • High-Level Coordinator Gennady P. Tarasov on the Iraq and the Kuwait missing persons/property and operates in affiliation with the School of issue International and Public Affairs at Columbia • Special Representative and head UNFICYP Lisa Buttenheim on Cyprus University in New York. • ICC Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo on Sudan • Head of the UN office Joseph Mutaboba on Guinea-Bissau • Special Representative and head of BINUCA Margaret Vogt on CAR • Special Representative on sexual violence in conflict Margot Wallström, to the DRC Sanctions Committee • Chair of the 1737 Sanctions Committee on Iran and the 1591 Sanctions Committee on Sudan, Ambassador Nestor Osorio of Colombia

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28 Security Council Report One Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza, 885 Second Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, NY 10017 T:1 212 759 9429 F:1 212 759 4038 www.securitycouncilreport.org