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National Flag and Emblem Locator Map TEXT HIGHLIGHTS: Diaries GABON National Flag and Emblem Locator Map TEXT HIGHLIGHTS: Diaries updates, key events, brief analysis and relating news articles in timeline Overview France ruled what was to become Gabone from 1839. In 1849 slaves freed by the French founded the Gabonese capital Libreville French meaning for Free Town. In 1910 Gabone became one of the 4 territories of the Federation of French Equatorial Africa (AEF) along with Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), and the Central African Republic. Gabon achieved independence in 1960, with Leon Mba elected President in 1961. He was deposed in the only coup in Gabon's history in 1964, but was restored after French intervention. His Vice-President and hand-picked successor, Albert-Bernard Bongo, took over on his death in 1967 and declared Gabon a one-party state, which it remained until 1990. President Bernard Bongo converted to Islam in 1973, taking the name Al-Hadj Omar Bongo. Gabon enjoyed political stability throughout the 1970s, due largely to the rapid oil-driven economic growth that has given Gabon one of the largest per capita incomes in sub-Saharan Africa. But by the 1980s the oil boom was over and opposition grew. A government-in-exile was formed in Paris, and in response to a number of strikes, continued deterioration of the economy, and continued pressure for greater democracy, President Omar Bongo has convened a National Conference in March, 1990 to establish the principles for change. The country’s long serving president, Omar Bongo Ondimba, died on 8 June 2009. Following Presidential elections, Omar Bongo’s son, Ali Ben Bongo, was inaugurated as the new President of Gabone on 16 October, 2009. Gabon achieved it’s independence on 17th August, 1960. Mr. Gabriel Leon Mba was elected to serve as founder-president of Gabon, inaugurated during a celebration on the 12th February, 1961. Headship since independence; Head of State and government. In the 17th February, 1964, the Gabonese president Gabriel Leon M'ba was toppled by a military coup and his arch-rival Jean-Hilaire Aubame and to the result of a revolutionary committee who briefly assumed the office of the president by way of a coup d'etat. However, the French paratroopers were flown overnight to crush the coup attempt, restored Mr. Leon Mba's government in next days, then he stayed in office until March, 1967, but he died of cancer in November of the same year under further treatment in Paris, France. Mr. Leon M'ba then succeeded by his recently appointed vice president, Mr. Albert Bernard Bongo Ondimba. Mr. Albert Bernard Bongo came up to the vacant post, and formed his sole political party. He is well known as Al-Hadji Umer Bongo Ondinba, after his conversion to Islam in 1973. Al-Hadji Omar Bongo Ondimba, was one of the longest serving heads of states in the sub-Sahara Africa, won, controlled several sham-elections as a sole candidate of the ruling party since the legalization of opposition parties led to new elections in early November of 1990. President Al-Hadji Omar Bongo Ondinba died of cancer on the 8th of June, 2009 under further treatment in Barcelona, Spain. Gabone has been run as a political dynasty starting with President Omar Bongo and was succeeded by his son, ex-Defence Minister, Mr. Ali Ben Bongo. Gabone considered one of the more prosperous and stable African countries. A small population, petroleum-Oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabone become one of Africa's wealthier countries. A Republic in west central Africa on the Atlantic ocean. The Pigmies were probably the original inhabitants of the area, they are sound and fine in the Gabonese rainforests when the Bantus also established Gabon's ethnic composition. The Fang tribes arrived in the late eighteenth century and were followed by the Portuguese and by the French in 1839, then took control of Gabone, it was administered 1843 to 1886 as part of French west Africa, then the colony of the French middle Congo was established to include both Gabone and Congo in 1888, in 1910 Gabone became a separate colony within French equatorial Africa, and an overseas territory of France in 1946, it became an Autonomous republic within the French Community in 1958, Mr. Gabriel Leon Mba appointed it's natve prime minister from 21st May, 1957 to 21st February, 1961, when independence proclaimed on the 17th of August, 1960, the founder, Mr. Gabriel Leon Mba was elected head of state of Gabone, but he inaugurated during a celebration on the 12th February, 1961. In 17th February, 1964, the Gabonese president Leon M'ba is toppled by a military coup and his arch-rival Jean-Hilaire Aubame and to the result of a revolutionary committee who briefly assumed the office of the president by way of a coup d'etat. However, the French paratroopers were flown overnight to crush the coup attempt, restores Mr. Leon Mba's government in the next days, stayed in office until March, 1967, but he died of cancer in November of the same year under further treatment in Paris, France, he then succeeded by his recently appointed vice president, Mr. Albert Bernard Bongo Ondimba, known as Al-Hadji, after his conversion to Islam in 1973, came up to the vacant post by his sole political party, Gabone is one of the more prosperous and stable African countries. Al-Hadji Omar Bongo Ondimba, was one of the longest serving heads of states in the sub-Sahara Africa, won, controlled several sham-elections as a sole candidate of the ruling party since the legalization of opposition parties led to new elections in early November of 1990, he dominated the country's political scene for over fourty years, he enjoyed good four terms of five years including the nominal multi-party elections of November, 2005, known to be the first, since Gabone gained it's independence from France in August, 1960. He died of cancer on the 8th of June, 2009 under further treatment in Barcelona, Spain. Country has been run as a political dynasty starting with President Omar Bongo and was succeeded by his son, the ex-Defence Minister, Mr. Ali Ben Bongo. A small population, petroleum-Oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabone become one of Africa's wealthier countries. Gabon has remained relatively stable in a violent neighbourhood. It’s abundant oil revenues have contributed to political stability. One-third of the population are employed by the Government, an unusually high figure. Shows the high dependence on the government and its oil revenues. Gabonese enjoy over four times the per-capita incomes of average Africans. This has allowed for a relatively high standard of living, however, the wealth is heavily skewed between an urban elite and a poor rural population. Over-reliance on oil revenues has left agriculture undeveloped. Majority of the population is concentrated in towns like Libreville and Port Gentil. Domestic violence and single-mother families are a serious problem, which is sometimes abetted by law, which recognises only women’s unfaithfulness in marriage as grounds for divorce With a bar on nearly every corner and a taste for homemade beer and wine, Gabonese are copious drinkers. Concerned about stability in Central Africa, Gabon has been directly involved with mediation efforts in Chad, the Central African Republic (CAR), Angola, Congo-Brazzaville, the DR Congo, and Burundi. In December 1999, through President Bernard Bongo’s mediation, a peace accord was signed in Congo-Brazzaville between the government and leaders of an armed rebellion. The president was related by marriage to Congo-Brazzaville president Dennis Sassou-Nguesso. Accession to president Ali Ben Bongo, by succession. Tentative election calendar - Presidential 24th August, 2009. Gabon – Timeline Diaries updates, and related key notes: 1470 - Portuguese arrive in what is now Gabon. 1839 - Local Mpongwe ruler signs away sovereignty to the French. 1910 - Gabon becomes part of French Equatorial Africa. 1958 - Gabon votes to become autonomous republic in the French Community. 1960 - Gabon becomes independent. 1961 – Gabriel Leon Mba elected president. 1964 - French forces restore Mba's presidency after crushing military coup. 1967 – Albert Bernard Bongo becomes president after Leon Mba dies. 1973 – Albert Bernard Bongo converts to Islam and assumes the first name of Omar Bongo. 1990 - Opposition parties legalised, accuse the government of fraud in parliamentary elections held in September and October. 1991 - Parliament adopts a new constitution that formalises the multi- party system. 1993 - Omar Bongo Ondinba narrowly wins presidential election, the first held under the new multi-party constitution; opposition accuses government of electoral fraud. 1996 - Governing Gabonese Democratic Party wins significant majority in parliamentary elections. 1998 - Bongo re-elected to a seven-year term. 2002 - January - Ruling Gabonese Democratic Party retains a convincing majority in parliamentary elections. 2003 - July - Constitution changed to allow President Bongo to run for president as many times as he wishes. 2004 - February - French oil firm Total signs deal to export Gabonese oil to China. 2004 - September - Agreement signed with Chinese company to exploit around one billion tonnes of iron ore. 2005 - November - Omar Bongo is re-elected as president. Opposition supporters clash with police in the capital. 2006 - February - Gabon and Equatorial Guinea agree to start talks over disputed islands in potentially oil-rich waters in the Gulf of Guinea. 2006 - December - President Bongo's party wins parliamentary elections comfortably amid opposition accusations of fraud. 2008 - January - Government temporarily bans 20 non-governmental organisations for alleged interference in politics. 2009 - February - French court freezes President Omar Bongo's bank accounts in the country after he was ordered to return a payment made to him to release a jailed French businessman, Rene Cardona.
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