11. Energy Performance 11A
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11. Energy performance 11A. Present Situation Please complete the following table providing the most recent data that is available: Indicator Unit Year of data Final Energy Consumption 8,440,945 MWh 2011 Final Energy use/capita 20,489 kWh/capita 2011 Final Energy usage /sector 2011 Ag & Fisheries N/A Industry & Commercial 13.7 Transport 28.5 Domestic 39.9 % Services 17.9 Other – Total 100 Describe the present situation and development (particularly in relation to the building sector), using quantitative data and figures. Where available, information/data should be provided from previous years (5–10) to show trends. List any disadvantages resulting from historical, geographical and/or socio- economic factors which may have influenced this indicator area. 1. Present total final energy consumption by sectors (structure of energy consumption); 2. Past development of energy consumption and current plan for future energy efficiency improvements and decreasing the use of energy, particularly for energy performance of municipal buildings (in KWh/m2) with specific reference to city owned buildings and important developments related to other end-use sectors besides the building sector (e.g. transport, industry production, services, public, lighting, electrical appliances food); 3. Present situation, development and current plan for the energy supply mix, particularly regarding the renewable vs non-renewable mix of energy sources during the past 10 years (for both heat, electricity and transport; expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh); 4. The current plan for integration and performance of renewable energy technology in municipal buildings and homes compared to the total energy use; 5. The development so far and the current plan of compatible and integrated district heating energy and of combined heat and power energy consumption compared to the total energy use, (expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh); 6. Application of innovative technologies (e.g. current plan for increasing the use of LED lamps in public lighting and use of green roofs/walls for energy saving). (max. 600 words & 5 graphics, images or tables) Tallinn joined the Covenant of Mayors in 2009. The strategic goals of the energy economy of Tallinn have been set in the Tallinn Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011–2021 (SEAP), which was adopted in 2011. The general goal is to reduce the impact on climate change by increasing energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy by 20%, which will decrease CO2 emissions by 20%. Planning and developing sustainable energy management in Tallinn is the function of Tallinn Energy Agency, which was established in 2012. The agency also performs the obligations arising from the Covenant of Mayors, organises research and raises the awareness of the population. Final energy consumption in Tallinn was 9,614,253 MWh in 2007 and 8,440,945 MWh in 2011. The majority of this comprised households and the transport sector (Figure 1). 14% households 40% 18% transport services industry 29% Figure 1. Structure of final energy consumption in Tallinn by sector (2011) Comparing final energy consumption in 2007 and 2011, the share of coal has decreased the most (50%), followed by heating oil (34%), petrol (20%) and district heating (20%). The use of wood chip and peat has increased considerably (457%) (Figure 2). 4 000 000 Natural gas 3 500 000 Diesel fuel 3 000 000 Petrol 2 500 000 Firewood 2 000 000 Woodchip and peat Heating oil for heating 1 500 000 buildings and equipment Coal 1 000 000 Shale oil, briquette 500 000 Liquid gas 0 2007 2011 Figure 2. Consumption of primary fuels in heat production and transport The specific energy consumption of municipal buildings of Tallinn per square metre of heated floor area decreased by 8.8% from 2007–2014: from 162.7 kWh per square metre per year to 148.4 kWh per square metre per year (Figure 3). kWh/m2a 165 160 155 150 145 140 2007 2011 2012 2013 2014 Figure 3. Specific energy consumption of municipal buildings per square metre of heated floor area District heating areas have been established in Tallinn where getting connected to the district heating system is compulsory (Figure 4). Main heating networks are owned by Tallinn, but district heating in the city is mostly supplied by AS Tallinna Küte, which covers two-thirds of Tallinn. The biggest district heating system in Tallinn consists of 427 km of heating networks, one combined heat and power (CHP) plant, three large and 14 small boiler houses. The heating sector in Tallinn has been reorganised – most of the local small boiler houses have been closed, renewable energy has been actively taken into use in new CHP plants and the citywide district heating pipelines have been connected. The new Tallinn Power Plant, which uses renewable energy, was launched in 2008, supporting the supply of district heating and electricity to Tallinn. The construction of a new heating pipeline between the eastern and western sides of Tallinn was completed in 2011 and the main district heating areas and their networks are now connected. This connection makes it possible to take advantage of the basic load of the district heating network and increases the share of the cheaper heat generated from biofuel at Tallinn Power Plant (40% in 2014). Tallinna Küte supplies heat to 3,752 buildings, which are all equipped with heat meters. Work on including new regions in the district heating network and construction of new pipelines continues. Tallinna Küte will invest 50 million euros in heating networks from 2014–2016. All large boiler houses in Tallinn have had the option of using reserve fuel to natural gas since 2014, which considerably increases the security of thermal energy supply. Figure 4. Connected district heating network in Tallinn Street lighting in Tallinn has undergone massive development. Replacement of 400 W mercury light fittings with sodium ones started as early as in 1995 and almost all of them had been replaced with more energy-saving fittings by 2001. In 2015 the city is developing a solution based on new technology: it is creating smart city infrastructure, where 637 controllers are constantly connected to the central server in street lighting control boards, which makes it possible to adjust the power of street lights according to necessity and the surrounding conditions. The control system also makes it possible to detect technical faults and save energy with the accurate timing of lighting. 1521 LED light fittings were installed in Tallinn during the reconstruction of street lighting from 2013– 2015. They help save 854,000 kW of electricity per year. Lighting in the Old Town was also reconstructed at the beginning of 2015 and 836,856 euros was invested in this. LED technology guarantees that consumption in the 590 light fittings in the Old Town will decrease from the initial 463,452 kW/h per year to 150,800 kW/h per year, saving 41,150 euros per year. Similar work will also continue in the coming years. Figure 5. New LED lighting Tallinn has actively improved the energy performance of its bus fleet. Tallinn has 466 buses at present, including 85 EEV buses, 26 EURO 6 buses and 7 CNG buses. Tallinn will acquire another 20 EURO 6 and 24 hybrid buses by the end of 2015. Tallinn has 70 trams and 85 trolleybuses powered by electricity. The share of vehicles with low emissions is 40%. Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS uses green energy to operate the new CAF trams, which comprised 10% of the energy procurement in 2015. 11B. Past Performance Describe the measures implemented over the last five to ten years concerning energy, as a qualitative narrative. Comment on which measures have been most effective. Make reference to: 1. Attempts to improve the energy performance (i.e. i.e. energy efficiency standards particularly of municipal buildings) above national requirements; 2. Maximising and prioritising the use of renewable energy technology (particularly in municipal buildings); 3. Measures to facilitate integrated district system solutions (e.g. cogeneration) and a more sophisticated city-wide control. 4. Measures to trigger stakeholder engagement in the City’s to improve overall energy demand performance preferably including local government institutions, local market actors and citizens; mention existing co-operations. (max. 800 words & 5 graphics, images or tables) Approximately 50% of the residential buildings in Tallinn were built from 1960–1990 and their energy performance is low. The share of residential buildings in total energy consumption in Estonia exceeds 40%. Insulation of buildings, modernisation of technical systems, construction of new energy-efficient buildings and implementation of renewable energy technologies make it possible to save up to 30% of thermal energy. The contribution of the private sector in boosting the energy performance of buildings has increased considerably in recent years. Environmental sustainability is also considered when office buildings are erected: for example, the office building at Sõpruse pst 157, which was completed in 2014, was designed on the basis of the Green Building concept. Figure 1. Sõpruse pst 157 office building is designed as environmentally sustainable and energy efficient Complete reconstruction of existing buildings has been the most efficient way of reducing energy consumption. Since 2010, Tallinn has been implementing the project Fix the Facades, which helps apartment associations make their buildings, built before 1993, more energy-efficient (insulation of facades and roofs, replacement of doors and windows, replacement of heating and ventilation systems). The scheme supports the associations in applying for national building renovation loans by covering the necessary self-financing. Apartment buildings built before 1993 are the target group of the renovation loan. The granted support amounts to 10% of the amount of the renovation loan applied for by the association, but no more than 19,173 euros per year. Within the scope of the Fix the Facades project, Tallinn has supported the reconstruction of 123 apartment buildings to a value of 1.709 million euros from 2010–2014 (Figures 2 and 3).